RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A
REPORT
ON
“EXPECTATIONS OF CURRENT STUDENTS REGARDING FUTURE
EMPLOYERS AND WORKPLACE”

XAVIER INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SERVICE, RANCHI

Submitted by

GROUP No. 14

Vishal Vats(03)

Sneha(14)

Aditi Gupta (15)

Pooja (65)

Personnel Management Department

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. List of Figures…………………………………………………. i
2. List of Tables……………………………………………………. ii
3. Acknowledgement……………………………………………. iii
4. Executive Summary………………………………………….. iv
5. Company profile……………………………………………….
6. Problem Statement…………………………………………...
7. Research methodology………………………………………
7.1 Research Objectives……………………………………
7.2 Research Design and methodology………………
7.3 Population………………………………………………….
7.4 Sampling Frame………………………………………….
7.5 Sampling unit……………………………………………...
7.6 Sample Size…………………………………………………
7.7 Sampling procedure……………………………………
7.8 Details about the questionnaire…………………..
7.9 Plan for Data Collection……………………………...
7.10 Plan for data Analysis………………………………….
8. Results of Data Analysis......................................................
9.Conclusions................................................................................
10. Recommendations................................................................
11.Limitations of the Survey....................................................
Annexures
 Copy of the Questionnaire……………………………………
 Detailed Calculations……………………………………………
 Bibliography………………………………………………………..
 LIST OF FIGURES
Content PAGE
No.

1. Fig.8.1…………………………………………………………3
2. Fig.8.2………………….……………………………………. 10
3. Fig.8.3…………………………….………………………….
4. Fig.8.4……………………………….……………………….
5. Fig.8.5………………………………………………………..
6. Fig.8.6………………………………………………………..
 LIST OF TABLES
Contents Page No.
1. Table 8.1……………………………………………..
2. Table 8.2……………………………………………..
3. Table 8.3……………………………………………..
4. Table 8.4……………………………………………..
5. Table 8.5……………………………………………...
6. Table 8.6………………………………………………
7. Table 8.7………………………………………………
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of the
work would be incomplete unless we mention the people, as an expression of
gratitude, who made it possible for us to complete this project. At the onset we
would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge our sincere gratitude and
indebtedness to our mentor Professor Dr. Rohit Vishal Kumar who gave us
the opportunity to conduct this survey and motivated us to complete the
research project successfully. Without his guidance and inspiration this project
could not have seen the light of the day.
We are also thankful to our respondents who cooperated and took out their
precious time to provide their responses in the survey questionnaire.
We would also like to take this opportunity to thank our team members who
worked diligently towards making this research a success.
Last but not the least we extend our sincere thanks to all those who have
helped us either directly or indirectly in this project.
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The research done here undertakes the problem of finding the expectations of
students from their jobs and their future employers when they take up a job.
The research was done in the campus of Xavier Institute of Social Service,
Ranchi. The Students of first year from all the five departments served as the
population for the purpose. The research design is of descriptive nature as we
intended to find out the expectations of students and the study also tries to
explore the areas where the expectations of male students are significantly
different from those of the female students. The research began with
converting the problem statement to easily understandable and workable
terms. As the research methodology depended on the questionnaire for
collection of the data, a questionnaire was developed based on informal talks
with colleagues, observation and various mediums such as internet. The
questionnaire was administered to people who were selected by Convenience
sampling due to easily availability and time constraints. The data collected
was analysed using various statistical tools such as measures of central
tendency, e.g., Mode to find out most frequently occurring response, Median
to find out middle values of Data such as salary expected, also Test of
Hypothesis was done to find out whether the hypothesised statements were
acceptable or not. Chi-Square Test was done to find out the relation between
gender and variables such as routine or flexible hours of work, choice of
sector for working i.e. whether public or private sector. Also percentages
calculated from likert scale type data helped to find the inclination of sample
population towards various factors related to job such as brand name,
ambience, and importance of peer relationship. The findings were recorded
and conclusions were drawn based on the same. The recommendations have
been given as per the findings of the analysis done.
 COMPANY PROFILE
The Xavier Institute of Social Service (XISS) was established as an extension
department of St. Xavier’s College, Ranchi, in 1955 with the objective of
training young men and women in Rural Development, Personnel
Management and Industrial Relations. Currently the institute has five
departments namely Personnel Management, Rural Development, Marketing,
Finance and Information Management with approximately 660 students,
taking into account both the first and second year students. This research has
been taken up for the purpose of understanding the process of conducting a
research and also trying to find out “What kind of jobs do student want” and
their expectations from future employers and workplace.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
The expectations of students vary regarding their future employers and
workplace.
Since today there is no dearth of job opportunities/ avenues for a talented
person therefore retention becomes more important than hiring. If a person is
not satisfied by the job he is doing he may switch over. Satisfaction comes
from fulfilment of expectations. Thus, it has become very necessary for the
employers and their organizations to find out about the expectations of their
employees regarding their jobs and supervisors for their survival in this
dynamic environment.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Objectives:
Based on the problem given the following are the research objectives:-

 To find out whether there exists any serious differences in the

expectations of the male and the female students.
 To estimate the expected remuneration by the students from their jobs.
 To find out which sector (public/private) they would prefer to join.
 To investigate what job profile they would prefer- desk job/ field job.
 The fringe benefits expected by the students from their employers at
workplace.
 To find out what parameters (e.g. degree of supervision, ambience, peer
relationship, restrictions) are considered to constitute a congenial work
environment by the students.
 To find out the preference for the place of work (home/abroad/semi-
urban/metro/remote/anywhere) and their readiness to relocate.
Research Design and Methodology
The study of expectations of students from their future employers is a
descriptive research in that it tries to gain insights into the preferences of the
kind of jobs expected by the students of XISS. The study also tries to explore
the areas where the expectations of male students are significantly different
from those of the female students. The research focused on finding the type of
job preferred by the students-desk job or field job, whether they would like to
work for a public sector company or a private sector company, their expected
salary and the preference regarding the work environment etc. The
methodology followed was of administering a questionnaire with questions
inquiring the expectations that they have from their job and future employers,
then after recording the responses doing the analysis of the data and drawing
conclusions on the basis of such calculations.

POPULATION:
Population refers to a large collection of individuals or objects that are the
main focus of the study. All individuals or objects in a population usually
have similar characteristics. The students currently studying in XISS
constituted the population for the study of expectations of students from their
future employers. The expectations of students of XISS had to be analysed to
find out the differences in the expectations of the male and female students
and also to find out other preferences like desk job or field job, a public sector
company or a private sector company etc. Our population has both 1st n 2nd
year students.
SAMPLING FRAME:
Sampling Frame- It is the source material from which the sample is drawn- for
our purpose, all the students of only first year across all the five departments
currently studying in XISS constituted our sampling frame. The sampling
frame comprises of 20 male and 20 female students of XISS from the 5
departments namely: Personnel Management, Rural Development,
Information Management, Marketing Management and Finance Management.
The study of expectations of students from their future employers required an
opinion of students from all the different departments of XISS.
SAMPLING UNIT:
All the respondents are aged between 20- 25 years and belong to the 2010-12
batch at XISS and are currently pursuing their respective management
courses.
SAMPLE SIZE:
The study of expectations of students was to be carried on a sample size of 40-
fragmented further into 20 male students and 20 female students. The study
tries to determine the extent to which the expectations of the male students
differ from those of the female students hence the ratio of male to female
students in the sample is 1:1.

SAMPLING PROCEDURE:
There are around 330 first year students in XISS hence we chose a non-
probabilistic sampling technique i.e. convenience sampling for the purpose of
selecting a sample as it was difficult to obtain an up-to-date sampling frame
which ruled out the possibility of using the probabilistic sampling technique.
Convenience sampling was used as the sampling units who are easy to
approach, accessible, co-operative and convenient can be selected for data
collection. This significantly reduced the time required to collect data which
was a major concern for the project as the time available was highly
constrained due to the Industrial tour and IIIrd Trimester final examinations.
DETAILS ABOUT THE QUESTIONNAIRE:
The study of expectations of students was done using a questionnaire, It was
to collect information regarding student’s preferences. The questionnaire was
prepared based on the inputs from friends during informal talks as well as by
looking up the list of things most wanted in a job survey from ______.
Questionnaire is a very useful tool to map preferences of the students on a pre
–defined set of alternatives, it is a fairly objective method of data collection in
which the respondents can choose the alternative which they prefer the most.
The questionnaire used to conduct the survey was a structured questionnaire.
Nominal scales, Likert scale were used for scaling purpose.
PLAN FOR DATA COLLECTION
The main instrument for the collection of primary data is the Questionnaire
Method. The study of expectations of students was done using a
questionnaire, It was to collect information regarding student’s preferences.
Questionnaire is a very useful tool to map preferences of the students on a pre
–defined set of alternatives, it is a fairly objective method of data collection in
which the respondents can choose the alternative which they prefer the most.
PLANS FOR DATA ANALYSIS
The analysis of data collected has been done by use of various statistical tools.
We analysed the data collected from the response recorded using the
following statistical tools- Frequency Distribution Tables, Graphs, Charts,
Measures of Central Tendency and Measures of Dispersion. We also used The
Test of Hypothesis, The Chi-Square Test.
Test of hypothesis was done for questions on which we had a previous
information regarding the inclination of choices of the genders. Measures of
central tendency were used for inferring the data that were collected from the
Likert scale type questions. The open ended question’s response have been
recorded and reported on the basis of occurrence of one or more factors
frequently.
DATA ANALYSIS
Analysis for Choice of Sector:
With regard to expectations of students out of their jobs, we collected data for
finding out the preference of male and female respondents for the public and
private sector. We analysed the data with the help of Chi Square Test. Our
null hypothesis was that there will be relation between the male and female
respondents and the choice of sector.
 PUBLIC PRIVATE TOTAL
MALE 13 7 20
FEMALE 6 14 20
19 21 GRAND
TOTAL=40
Table 8.1
The degree of freedom was calculated to be 1 by the formula, df = (Row-
1)*(Column-1). The confidence level taken was 95%. On the basis of
calculation on this sample we found out the calculated value of Chi-square to
be 4.77 and the Chi-square table value to be 3.841. At 95% confidence level
we reject the null hypothesis that there exists a relation between gender and
choice of sectors.

Analysis for Location of the Job:

We find that the most of the students prefer working in a metropolitan city.
With the use of bar chart we observed that the preference towards rural and
semi urban sector was nil. And some of the people of the sample preferred
hometown. Few others had no preference at all.
 16
14
14

12

10
9

8 Male
Female
6
6
4
4
3 3

2
1
0 0 0
0
HomeTown Metro Rural Abroad No Preference

Fig. 8.1
Analysis for the Kind of Job:
In this question we tried to find out preference of students out of their jobs
regarding the location of work which would either be office or field job. We
analysed the data with the help of Chi Square Test. Our null hypothesis was
that there will be relation between the male and female respondents and the
choice of job location.
OFFICE FIELD TOTAL
MALE 7 13 20
FEMALE 9 11 20
16 24 GRAND
TOTAL=40
Table 8.2

The degree of freedom was calculated to be 1 by the formula, df = (No. Of

Rows-1) * (No. Of Columns-1). The confidence level taken was 95%. On the
basis of calculation on this sample we found out the calculated value of Chi-
square to be 0.416 and the Chi-square table value to be 3.841. At 95%
confidence level we do not reject the null hypothesis that there exists a
relation between gender and choice of office or field job.
Analysis for Facilities at Job:
With the help of this question we came to the conclusion that everyone would
like to have all the latest equipments at their place of work.
Analysis for Supervision at Workplace:
We tried to analyse the data gathered in this question with the help of a pie
chart, the pie chart enabled us to arrive at the conclusion at most of the people
irrespective of their gender preferred Guiding Supervision as opposed to
Strict, moderate or no supervision.

NONE MODERATE
13% 10%

STRICT
MODERATE
GUIDING
GUIDING NONE
78%

PIE CHART REPRESENTATION OF PERCENTAGE OF TYPES OF GUIDANCE

Fig. 8.2

Analysis for Number Of years a person prefers to stay on a particular Job

In this question we have used the bar charts to find out about the number of
years a person would like to work in his/her first job before making a
transition. We thus found out that most of the people prefer working for 3
years before making a transition. Also a lot many people would make
transition before completion of 3 years. Very few people would prefer to stay
behind for 4 years, 5 years or more than 5 years.

No. Of Years Of working with the first Job

12
11

10

8 Male
7
6 6 Female
6

4 3
2 2 2
2
1
0
0
< 3 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years >5 Years

Fig. 8.3
Analysis for Preference Of a Routine or Flexible Jobs:
With the help of the Chi Square table in this question we analysed the data
and tried to find out whether gender plays any role in deciding the person’s
choice for routine or flexible jobs. However on analysing we found out that
there does not exist any relationship between gender and choice of routine or
flexible jobs.
ROUTINE FLEXIBLE TOTAL
MALE 5 15 20
FEMALE 7 13 20
12 28 GRAND
TOTAL=40
Table 8.3
The degree of freedom was calculated to be 1 by the formula, df = (Row-
1)*(Column-1). The confidence level taken was 95%. On the basis of
calculation on this sample we found out the calculated value of Chi-square to
be 0.46 and the Chi-square table value to be 3.841. At 95% confidence level
we do not reject the null hypothesis there exists a relation between gender and
choice of routine work or flexible hours of work.
Analysis for Expected Monthly Salary:
We tried to analyse the data gathered in this question regarding the monthly
salary that one expected from his/her job. With the help of a bar chart we
came to the conclusion that most of the males expected a salary of 41,000 to
50,000 but most of the females expected a salary of 30,000 to 40,000.

Expected Salary
12
12

10
8
8

6 5 5 Male
4 Female
4
2 2 2
2
0 0
0
. . . . .
Rs Rs Rs Rs Rs
00 00 00 00 01
0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0 ,0
<3 - 40 - 50 - 60 >6
0
01 01 01
,0 ,0 ,0
30 40 50

Fig. 8.4
 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS TABLE FOR LIKERT SCALE QUESTIONS

    SA A NAND D SD
             
Q.9 # 11 22 6 0 1
  % 27.50% 55% 15% 0% 2.50%
Q.10 # 19 18 13 0 0
  % 47.50% 45% 32.50% 0% 0%
Q.11 # 16 17 6 1 0
  % 40% 42.50% 15% 2.50% 0%
Q.12 # 17 18 5 0 0
  % 42.50% 45% 12.50% 0% 0%
Q.13 # 18 19 2 1 0
  % 45% 47.50% 5% 2.50% 0%
Q.14A # 29 11 0 0 0
  % 72.50% 27.50% 0% 0% 0%
Q.14 B # 24 14 2 0 0
  % 60% 35% 5% 0% 0%
Q.15 # 10 15 13 2 0
  % 25% 37.50% 32.50% 5% 0%
Q.16 # 11 21 6 2 0
  % 27.50% 52.50% 15% 5% 0%
Q.17 # 11 26 2 1 0
  % 27.50% 65% 5% 2.50% 0%
Q.18 # 15 23 2 0 0
  % 37.50%   5% 0% 0%
Q.19 # 4 22 13 1 0
  % 10% 55% 32.50% 2.50% 0%

Table 8.4
# stands for No. Of Responses
% stands for percentage of response over 20
SA stands for Strongly Agree
A stands for Agree
NAND Stands for Neither Agree Nor Disagree
D stands for Disagree
SD Stands for Strongly Disagree
Analysis for finding the inclination of students towards brand name
On using the central tendency of measurements we came to the finding that
55% of respondents Agree with the statement that the Company brand name is
important to them. The mode for both the male and female also came out to be
4 that is Agree is the most preferred option.
Analysis for finding Creativity as a factor that students look for in their job
On using the Central tendency of measurements we came to the finding that
47.50% of the sample population Strongly Agreed and 45% of the sample
population agreed with the Statement that creativity is a factor that they look
for in the job that they would take up. Further category wise 35% of females
strongly agreed and 60% of males strongly agreed whereas 55% of females
agreed and 35% of male sample population agreed to the statement.
Analysis for finding stability as a factor that students look for in their job
42.50% of the sample population chose the Agree option as their answer when
asked about the Stability being a factor which they expect in their jobs.
Categorically 50% of male sample population strongly agreed and 50% of
female population agreed to the statement.
Analysis for Promotions being desired by the respondents.
In analysis of this question we recorded the responses and found out that 45%
each male and female population agreed with the statement that they desire
promotions on regular basis. And Further we saw that 40% of male and 45%
of female strongly agreed to the statement.
Analysis for Desire of students to get regular increments in salary.
The sample population that were in consideration 60% of male population
strongly agreed with the statement that the desired for regular increments in
salary and 55% of female sample population agreed with the statement.

Analysis for Personal growth aspect.

We find from the sample population that there is hardly any difference of
opinion among the male and female respondents. Using the mode we find that
it is exactly the same for both males and females. 70% of the males go with
Strongly Agree option while 75% of the females go with Strongly Agree
option.
Analysis for Learning of Development
In analysis of this question we recorded the responses and found out that 60%
of the total population Strongly Agreed with the statement that they
considered Learning and development as important aspects to be looked in the
job. And further we see that 60% of both male and female Strongly Agreed to
the statement.
Analysis for Sharing of Profit as a factor.
The statement asked for the preference of people sharing the profit, here we
found out from the response recorded that there exists a difference in opinion
of male and female, as 45% of female neither agreed nor disagreed with the
statement but 45% of male candidates agreed with the statement.
Analysis for Flexible working culture as a factor.
On analysing the data collected for finding whether Flexible working culture
works as a factor for male and female respondents or not. We found out that
60% of male sample population agreed with the statement and 35% of female
population strongly agreed with the statement.
Analysis of Peer Relationship as desired factor
We found that there exists a difference in the perception of male and female
respondents. Whereas 85% of female sample population agreed with the
statement as opposed to 45% of male candidates. 50% male strongly agreed to
the statement as opposed to 5% female in same category of option.
Analysis of Going for on job training as a factor that students look for as a
factor
Here 23 of 40 respondents agreed for the factor as being looked upon as
expectation, however 70% of the females agreed with the statement and 50%
of males strongly agreed with the statement.

Analysis for access to social networking sites as a expectancy factor.

55% of the sample population agreed with the statement of having access to
social networking sites at the workplace. Here the break up of percentage
showed that 65% of male and 45% of female agreed with the statement.
Qualitative Analysis
We tried finding out what other facilities do the students of XISS,Ranchi
expect from their employers in the qualitative analysis part. Most of them
wanted to have facilities such as medical reimbursement, travelling allowance,
housing facilities and recreation facilities.

CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATION
LIMITATIONS OF THE SURVEY
The following are the limitations of the study on-expectations of the students
of XISS from their future employers:
1. Geographical Limitation
The research was carried out in campus of XISS, Ranchi only so it was
bounded by the geographical boundary.
2. Time Limitation
As the Research was to be conducted within a stipulated time with the
proceedings of a normal trimester course also running parallel , the time
constraint was a big limitation.
3. Size of Sample
The Size of sample was to be chosen only from the population of the
XISS, Ranchi Students so the freedom of considering a large population
was not available.
4. Choice of Sampling technique
The choice of sampling technique largely depended upon the availability
of respondents, time constraints thus leading to taking up of
Convenience sampling instead of Probabilistic Sampling . Though
utmost care has been taken but the researcher’s bias error cannot be
ruled out.
 COPY OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE

QUESTIONNAIRE
We the students of XISS, Ranchi Personnel Management I are undertaking this research for the
purpose of understanding the expectations of the students from their future employers. All the data
entered by the respondent will be kept confidential.

PERSONAL DETAILS

NAME _________________________________________ GENDER M F

AGE ___________ DEPARTMENT ______________

ADDRESS (PRESENT) ____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

PHONE NO. ______________________________ MOBILE ___________________

Q.1. In which sector would you like to take up your job? (Please Encircle your Choice)

PRIVATE SECTOR 1

PUBLIC SECTOR 2

Q.2. For the location of my job (Please Tick the appropriate option)

I would like to work in my hometown

I would like to work in a metropolitan city

I would prefer working in a Remote or Rural area

 I have no particular preference

Q.3. Which kind of a job would you more prefer to work in:

Prefer to have a job where I can work more from the Office

Prefer to have a job where I can interact more with people and buyers

Q. 4. I would like to have all the latest equipments like computer, printer, wi-fi availability at the workplace.

(Please encircle the relevant option)

YES NO

Q.5. I like to work under (Please Tick the appropriate option)

STRICT SUPERVISION

MODERATE SUPERVISION

GUIDING SUPERVISION

NO SUPERVISION

Q.6. For how many years do you see yourself working in your first job before you make transition.

(Please Tick the appropriate option)

Less than 3 Years

3 Years

4 Years

5 Years

MORE THAN 5 Years

Q.7. I would like to work in

A 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. routine schedule

Flexible hours of work

Q.8. What is the monthly salary that you expect from the job that you take up?

<30,000

30,001- 40,000

40,001- 50,000

50,001 – 60000

more than 60,001

Please Tick one of the following options for e.g. if you strongly agree with the statement that Company Brand
is important to you tick the relevant cell

STRONGLY AGREE NEITHER DISAGRE STRONGLY

AGREE AGREE E DISAGREE
Q.NO. NOT
DISAGRE
E

COMPANY BRAND is important to me.

STRONGLY AGREE NEITHER DISAGREE STRON

AGREE AGREE GLY
Q.NO. NOT DISAGR
DISAGREE EE

9. COMPANY BRAND is important to me.

10. CREATIVITY is a factor that I look for when I

think of my job.

11. STABILITY is a must in the job I take up.

12. I desire PROMOTIONS on regular basis.

13. I desire regular Increments in my salary.

14 A. PERSONAL GROWTH is an important

aspect for me that I look for in my job.

14 B. LEARNING & DEVELOPMENT are important

aspects that i look for in my job.

15. I would like to have a share in the profit

that my organization makes

16. I would like to have a flexible working

culture in my organization .

17. I prefer maintaining peer relationship at

 workplace.

18. I would like to undergo an ON-the-JOB

TRAINING for efficient working.

19. I would like to have access to social

networking sites at workplace.

Q.20. What perks do you expect at your workplace? (Perks are any facilities/benefits other than basic salary)

Q. 21. Is there anything else you expect from your job?

Thank You
-------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------
DETAILED DATA CALCULATIONS
 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF PERCENTAGE BREAK UP OF MALE AND FEMALE CANDIDATE’S RESPONSE

BIBLIOGRAPHY