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Author’s Profile Background of the Literary Piece Implications of
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Panchatantra
Collection of Fables
By Vishnu Sharma
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Author’s Profile
VishNu
Sharma
Who is Vishnu Sharma?
• Sanskrit scholar
• Lived in Varanasi in the 3rd century BC
• Official Guru of the prince of Kashi before
• Notable work is the anthropomorphic political
treatise called Panchatantra
• Wrote Panchatantra to teach political science to his
royal disciples
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What is History of
Panchatantra? Panchatantra
Why Vishnu Sharma Structure
wrote Panchatantra? of the Book
What is Panchatantra?
• Sanskrit: पञ्चतन्त्र
• Written thousands of years ago by the Pandit Vishnu Sharma
• Oldest collection of Indian Fables
• A “Nitishastra” = book of wise conduct in life
• Stories about animals with themes and moral messages
• Stories contained imparts wisdom of life
• Animals were used to present various messages
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What is History of
Panchatantra? Panchatantra
Why Vishnu Sharma Structure
wrote Panchatantra? of the Book
History of Panchatantra
❖ Originally a Sanskrit verse and dates around 200 BC
❖ Has a prominent place in Sanskrit literature
❖ Panchatantra is a Sanskrit word derived from 2 words:
‘Pancha’ = five and ‘tantra’ = principle
‘Panchatantra’ = ‘Five principles’
❖ Originally, the author remains unknown but Vishnu Sharma considered as the
author
❖ Text collection and a treatise on how should one act
History of Panchatantra
❖Purpose: To teach people how they can attain happiness through
friendships, moral actions, decisions and conduct
❖Originality of stories are old
❖Jataka tales have some stories contained in Panchatantra
❖Panchatantra as Oral Literature of India
❖Some stories contained are connected to India’s origin, while
some are not
History of Panchatantra
❖Translated in various languages
▪ First translation: Pahlavi in 500BC
▪ Syrian translation: Kalilag and Damnag
▪ Arabic translation: Kalīlah wa Dimnah
▪ Other translations: Greek, Persian, Hebrew, and Spanish
▪ English translation by Charles Wilkins
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What is History of
Panchatantra? Panchatantra
Why Vishnu Sharma Structure
wrote Panchatantra? of the Book
Why Vishnu Sharma wrote Panchatantra?
King Amarashakti asked
Vishnu Sharma decided
01 Vishnu Sharma to teach
to use storytelling as a
his three naughty
means to teach them
princes.
02
Vishnu Sharma chose
fable as his medium as
He was successful as he know that humans
these stories provides 03 04
cannot accept
life lessons while being shortcomings if they are
entertained. not entertained.
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What is History of
Panchatantra? Panchatantra
Why Vishnu Sharma Structure
wrote Panchatantra? of the Book
Structure of the Book
Original text of
Panchatantra Has almost 50
contains Sanskrit stories divided into
prose and stanzas 5 books
or verse
Panchatantra Divided into
contains
anthropomorphism five books
The Five Books
Mitra Bheda
(Losing Friends or Betrayal of
Friends)
Labdhapranásam
(Loss of gains)
Mitra Labha
(Gaining of Friends)
Aparïksitakárakam
(Acting without thinking)
Kákolùkïyam
(Crows and Owls)
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The Five Books
Mitra Bheda
Mitra Labha
(Losing Friends
or (Gaining of
Betrayal of Friends)
Friends)
Kákolùkïyam Aparïksitakárakam
Labdhapranásam
(Crows and
(Acting Without
Owls) (Loss of Gains)
Thinking)
Mitra Bheda (Losing Friends or Betrayal of Friends)
First book and
the longest
A collection of
stories related to
losing friends
Themes: Losing
Friends is traumatic
And Why do we lose
friends?
Mitra Bheda
(Losing Friends or Betrayal of Friends)
➢ The Monkey and the Wedge ➢ The Elephant and the Sparrow
➢ The Jackal and the Drum ➢ The Lion and the Jackal
➢ The Fall and Rise of a Merchant ➢ The Bird and the Monkey
➢ The Foolish Sage and the Jackal ➢ How a Sparrow came to Grief
➢ The Crafty Crane and the Craftier Crab ➢ Right-Mind and Wrong-Mind
➢ The Cunning Hare and the Witless Lion ➢ The Foolish Crane and the Mongoose
➢ The Bug and the Poor Flea ➢ The Rat that ate Iron
➢ The Story of the Blue Jackal ➢ The King and the Foolish Monkey
➢ The Lion, the Camel, the Jackal, and the Crow ➢ The Thief and the Traders
➢ The Bird Pair and the Sea ➢ The Thief and the Brahmins
➢ The Turtle that Fell of the StickA Tale of Three
Fish
A Tale of Three Fish.mp4
A Tale of Three Fish
Implications:
❑ The first fish symbolizes a very wise and intelligent person
who has good awareness, good planning skills, and vision.
❑ The second fish symbolizes a resourceful and a street-smart
person who is eager for growth and knowledge.
❑ The third fish symbolizes a foolish, carefree, and easygoing
person who has lack of mindfulness and incapable of thinking
outside the box
❑ The fishermen symbolizes change
Moral:
❑ One who does not adapt to change often fails.
❑ It is important to act wisely when you foresee a problem.
The Five Books
Mitra Bheda
Mitra Labha
(Losing Friends
or (Gaining of
Betrayal of Friends)
Friends)
Kákolùkïyam Aparïksitakárakam
Labdhapranásam
(Crows and
(Acting Without
Owls) (Loss of Gains)
Thinking)
Mitra Labha
(Gaining of Friends)
Theme:
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1 Importance
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of having
about Friends and
2
winning Friendship
friends
Mitra Labha
(Gaining of Friends)
The Hermit and the Mouse
The Mice and the Elephants
Shandili and Sesame Seeds
Story of the Merchant's Son
The Unlucky Weaver
The Mice and the Elephants.mp4
The Mice and the Elephants
Implications:
❑ The two animals represent a good friendship.
❑ The elephant depicts others' confidence and power and
neglect
❑ The rat signifies weakness in terms of size
❑ The fishermen symbolizes the problems
Moral:
❑ Always be kind to people because you never know, when and
how one can be of help to you in your time of need.
❑ Don’t underestimate anybody on this earth, they can be
immense help to us at the time of need.
The Five Books
Mitra Bheda
Mitra Labha
(Losing Friends
or (Gaining of
Betrayal of Friends)
Friends)
Kákolùkïyam Aparïksitakárakam
Labdhapranásam
(Crows and
(Acting Without
Owls) (Loss of Gains)
Thinking)
Kákolùkïyam (Crows and Owls)
About rules and
strategies of war and 26% of the total work’s
peace length
“kak" = crows
Good for Children and
"olukiyam" = owls Youths
Kákolùkïyam
(Crows and Owls)
➢Of Crows and Owls ➢The Brahmin. Thief, and Demon
➢Elephants and Hares ➢The Tale of Two Snakes
➢The Cunning Mediator ➢The Wedding of the Mouse
➢The Brahmin and the Crooks ➢Tale of the Golden Droppings
➢The Dove and the Hunter ➢The Cave that Talked
➢The Brahmin and the Cobra ➢Frogs that rode a Snake
➢The Old Man, Young Wife and ➢The War of Crows and Owls
Thief
THE BRAHMIN AND THE CROOKS.mp4
The Brahmin and the Crooks
Implications:
❑ The crooks represent those who deceive others for personal
gain.
❑ The goat represents the truth
❑ Brahmin is a symbol for those who are both knowledgeable and
innocent.
Moral:
❑ If a lie is repeated several times, it becomes the truth for
a fool.
❑ All the bookish knowledge in the world is useless without
common sense
The Five Books
Mitra Bheda
Mitra Labha
(Losing Friends
or (Gaining of
Betrayal of Friends)
Friends)
Kákolùkïyam Aparïksitakárakam
Labdhapranásam
(Crows and
(Acting Without
Owls) (Loss of Gains)
Thinking)
Labdhapranásam (Loss of gains)
How gains Talks about
achieved may be how to come
lost through a
symbolic
out of the
friendship difficult
between a monkey situations
and a crocodile without losing
things
Labdhapranásam
(Loss of gains)
The Monkey and the Crocodile
The Greedy Cobra and Frog King
The Lion and the Foolish Donkey
The Story of the Potter Lioness and the Young Jackal
The Washerman’s Donkey
The Price of Indiscretion
The Jackal's Strategy
The Dog who went Abroad
THE WASHERMAN’S DONKEY.mp4
The Washerman’s Donkey
Implications:
❑ Washerman represents people who are lazy, and doesn’t want
change.
❑ The donkey symbolizes people who are affected especially the
children.
❑ The farmers symbolize people itself.
❑ Tiger skin symbolizes a mask.
❑ The female donkey represents karma.
Moral:
❑ Rather than taking shortcuts to gain an advantage, work hard
to earn something.
❑ You cannot achieve success with bad deeds.
The Five Books
Mitra Bheda
Mitra Labha
(Losing Friends
or (Gaining of
Betrayal of Friends)
Friends)
Kákolùkïyam Aparïksitakárakam
Labdhapranásam
(Crows and
(Acting Without
Owls) (Loss of Gains)
Thinking)
Aparïksitakárakam
(Acting Without Thinking)
It is a rare collection of stories about how imprudence leads to
losing what is important.
Revolves around Brahmani and her pet mongoose
Aparïksitakárakam
(Acting Without Thinking)
➢The Brahmani and the ➢The Tale of Two Fishes
Mongoose and a Frog
➢The Four Treasure- ➢The Singing Donkey
Seekers ➢The Brahmin's Dream
➢The Lion that Sprang to ➢The Bird with Two Heads
Life ➢The Unforgiving Monkey
➢The Four Learned Fools
THE SINGING DONKEY.mp4
The Singing Donkey
Implications:
❑The donkey symbolizes people who are insensitive
and overly self-proud
❑The donkey also represents adult people who tend
to take advantage their age
❑The fox symbolizes people who knows better and may
also represents the children nowadays.
Moral:
❑There is a time and place for everything.
❑Think before you act.
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Implications of the Literary Piece
Notepad Notepad
o Panchatantra is not a bed time o Panchatantra teaches us
stories but rather a construction
many things:
of knowledge
o Panchatantra's storylines are all-
encompassing.
▪ How to be wiser
o Such stories are beneficial to ▪ Spot fraud and deceit
children's brain development ▪ It teaches us how to solve
o Panchatantra is one of India’s problems tactfully and
greatest contributions to the art wisely
of storytelling. ▪ It has the power to change
o These books were created to the way we think.
show people that having ▪ Provide a moral and
fundamental knowledge and
practical approach to
wisdom will make their lives
richer, wealthier, and happier.
leading a successful life.
Implications of the Literary Piece
Notepad Notepad
o Why Panchatantra is still
o Panchatantra can give us relevant and you should read?
: ▪ It has much to offer
▪ Life counseling and especially in human
mentorship behavior
▪ Enjoyment ▪ Understanding values of
▪ Ethical education life
▪ Practical approach to life ▪ It makes our lives richer
▪ Beautiful storybook and meaningful
▪ Learnings about human ▪ Moral lessons are still
behavior relevant up until this day
▪ It carries great advice in
life
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ASSESSMENT
TIME!
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What do you think
are the advices
that each tantras
can give?
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What is the message of
the fable entitled THE
Tale of Three Fishes,
and how will you apply
it in a real-life
situation?
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Who do you think the
washerman symbolizes
in our society in the
fable The Washerman's
Donkey?
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What are the
benefits of reading
Panchatantra
stories?
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What do you think does
the fishermen in the
fable The Mice and the
Elephants symbolizes
in our country today?
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Why India cannot
ignore Panchatantra
when it comes to
storytelling?
Thank you for
listening!
References
APPUSERIES. “Famous Panchatantra Tales - Vol 3.” YouTube, YouTube, 8 Jan. 2014,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHFs-2_iDsA
APPUSERIES. “The Best of Panchatantra Tales - Vol 1.” YouTube, YouTube, 21 July 2013,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?fbclid=IwAR224wwCKpIjKI8Q62ifk0d6GgOrC1H3uZaI5MkMJgNTRl7Pix
GDvJ7wEPs&v=g6mimugGVSY&feature=youtu.be
BlogchatterA2Z. “Why We Should Read Panchatantra Stories To Kids.” /Why-We-Should-Read-Panchatantra-Stories-to-
Kids/, 30 Apr. 2020, http://themomsagas.com/why-we-should-read-panchatantra-stories-to-
kids/20200422_173324_0000/
Correspondant, Free Press Journal. “Panchtantra and Vishnu Sharma.” Free Press Journal, 19 Apr. 2015,
https://www.freepressjournal.in/mind-matters/panchtantra-and-vishnu-sharma
Lingam, Ram. “Is the Panchatantra Just Bed Time Stories - Esamskriti.” Moral Stories From Panchatantra, July 2012,
https://www.esamskriti.com/e/Culture/Indian-Culture/Is-the-Panchatantra-just-bed-time-stories-1.aspx
References
MoralStories26.com. “Big Elephant and Little Mouse – Be Kind Panchtantra Story.” A Collection of Best Stories on Moral Values in
English, 31 May 2020, https://moralstories26.com/big-elephant-and-little-mouse-be-kind-panchtantra-story/
SchoolMyKidsCounsellor. “What Is Panchatantra & Benefits of Reading It to Kids?” SchoolMyKids, SchoolMyKids, 8 June 2020,
https://www.schoolmykids.com/parenting/what-is-panchatantra-benefits-of-reading-it-to-kids
Sharma, Pandit Vishnu. “Panchtantra Stories from Sanskrit in English All Five Books.” Internet Archive, 11 May 2016,
https://archive.org/details/PanchtantraStoriesFromSanskritInEnglishAllFiveBooks/PanchtantraStoriesCompleteFiveBooks/pa
ge/n9/mode/2up
Sharma, Vijender. “Panchatantra: India's Gift to the World.” Swarajyamag, 19 Aug. 2018, https://swarajyamag.com/culture/panchatantra-
indias-gift-to-the-world
Team Tell A Tale, et al. “Panchatantra Tale of the Three Fish - Moral Story for Kids.” The Three Fish, 4 Sept. 2017, https://www.tell-a-
tale.com/panchatantra-three-fish/
Team Tell-A-Tale, et al. “The Brahmin & The Crooks: Panchatantra Story: Bedtime Story from India.” The Outsmarted Brahmin, 9
Mar. 2018, https://www.tell-a-tale.com/crooks-fooled-brahmin-panchatantra/
Thestoryhut. “Decoding the Panchatantra: A Brief Introduction.” TheStoryHut, 4 Nov. 2019, https://thestoryhut.com/decoding-the-
panchatantra-a-brief-introduction/8142/
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