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Direct/ Indirect: 1) Assertive Sentences: Rules

1) There are two ways of narrating speech: direct and indirect. The document outlines the rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech. 2) Key changes include removing quotation marks and commas, adding a connecting word like "that", changing pronouns and words indicating tense or location, and adjusting the reporting verb based on the type of sentence. 3) Examples are provided for converting declarative statements, interrogative questions, exclamatory sentences, and imperative commands from direct to indirect speech according to the outlined rules.

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K.P BHOGAYATA
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1K views2 pages

Direct/ Indirect: 1) Assertive Sentences: Rules

1) There are two ways of narrating speech: direct and indirect. The document outlines the rules for converting direct speech to indirect speech. 2) Key changes include removing quotation marks and commas, adding a connecting word like "that", changing pronouns and words indicating tense or location, and adjusting the reporting verb based on the type of sentence. 3) Examples are provided for converting declarative statements, interrogative questions, exclamatory sentences, and imperative commands from direct to indirect speech according to the outlined rules.

Uploaded by

K.P BHOGAYATA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Direct/ Indirect : 1) Assertive Sentences

Two ways of narration : Direct and indirect.


She said to Meena, "I shall come to your house tomorrow"
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(1) → Speaker (2)→ Reporting Verb (3)→ Listener (4) → Reported Speech

Rules: Apply the following rules to convert any D Sent. into InD Sent.
1. Two sentences to be joined i.e. comma, inverted comma removed
2. Connective 'that' is used to join the two sentences.
3. As a RV 'told' is used. 4. Words showing nearness to be changed to distance, i.e. now--then,
today--that day, tomorrow--the next day, here--there etc…
5. a) RS to be changed into corresponding past (tense) according to the tense, as
i) simple pres.→ simple past
ii) S Past→ S. Past/ perf. Past
iii) S Fut.→ past form of given auxi.
iv) Cont. Pres.→ Cont. Past
v) Perf. Pres→ Perf. Past
b) Modals ( may, can, shall, will etc….in their past forms.)
6. Personal pronouns of RS to be changed in correspondence with Speaker, listener…as
1st person(I,We)→ according to Speaker, 2nd pers.(you)→ according to listener, 3rd Pers. (he/she
it/ they)→ as it is i. e. no change.
She told Meena that she would go to her house the next day.
2)Interrogative Sentences :
Slight changes ….1. Questions become statements. 2. as a RV' inquired of' or' asked' is used.
3. As a connective as per the type of questions i. e. for 'yes-no' -→ 'if' and for 'wh' words those words.
e.g. 1) She said to me, " Do you understand what I say?' (yes/no ques.)
She asked me if I understood what she said.
2) She said to Mahesh, "What is your name?" (wh word)
She asked what his name was.
3) Exclamatory Sentences :
1.Eexclamations become statements. 2.Aas a 'RV' exclaimed with….sadness, joy, appreciation
etc…according to the mood of the sent. is used. 3. as a connective 'that' is used.
e.g. I said to Doctor Smith, " How skillfully you did this operation!"
I exclaimed with appreciation that he did that operation very skillfully.
4) Imperative Sent. :

1. As a 'RV' according to the mood of sent. as commanded, requested, ordered, urged, scolded etc..
2. As a connective 'to'. If neg. then, not +to
e.g. She said to me, " Tell me if you like to have a cup of tea."
She requested (suggested) me tell her if I liked to have a cup….
Exercise : Direct/ Indirect :

1. He said to me, "I am reading my book.


2. Manu said to me, "He is giving me my
book"
3. She said to the bagger, " You may wait
here till I come back."
4. She said, " do you know the boy?"
5. "Can you give me some money, Sir?"said
the servant to the master.
6. Ram said to me, " How careless of you to
forget your umbrella!"
7. He said me, "Do not go away."
8. He said, "Hold the ladder, it's rather
unsteady."
9. "Could we see the manager pl.?" said the
two men

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