SHS

Disciplines and Ideas in the

Applied Social Science
Module 13

1
 Target

Social science as a discipline came about as a result of the need to

understand the society that is evolving to be ever more complex and multifaceted.

Social science is different from natural science and humanities because its
primary interest lies in predicting and explaining human behaviour. Natural
science, on the other hand, aims to predict all natural phenomena and its studies
are based on experimentally controlled conditions or material entities. Humanism
seeks to understand human reactions to events and the meaning humans impose
on experience.

The social work professionals and practitioners are aware that their
profession is based on the principles of human rights and social justice that serve
to empower individuals, groups, and communities to develop their full potential
and well-being. The focus of intervention in social work is the relationship between
the individual and their immediate and wider social environment. Particular
emphasis is placed on meeting the needs of vulnerable and marginalized
individuals and groups (Social Workers Registration Board 2004).

In your previous lesson, you are done with the principles and core values of
social workers.

This learning material will provide information about the various roles and
functions as well as the competencies of social workers.

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

define the roles, functions and competencies of social work

(HUMSS_DIASS12-If-19).

1
 Jumpstart

Before we start with the lesson, answer the self-check activity below.

Activity 1: Self-Check: Check Yes if it applies for you and No if it doesn’t.

Situation Yes No
Was there a time in your life when you felt sad, alone and depressed?
Have you shared your problems with other people?
Have you asked help from other people?
Were you relieved after asking help from other people?
Have you ever been called for counselling?
Have you ever felt stressed?
Have you been depressed?
Was there a time when you asked for an advice from your teacher?

Activity 2: Choose the letter of the correct answer from the given concepts on the
roles and functions of social workers.

1. Which of the following applied sciences may help individuals cope with
anxiety, stress, or depression?
A. Business B. statistics C. social work

2. Which of the following is an area of specialization of social workers?

A. commerce B. poverty C. stocks

3. Which of the following are the roles of social workers for families?
A. enabler B. catalyst C. facilitator

4. Which of the following functions refers to the professional activities through

which social workers and their clients plan, initiate, and pursue actions
toward change?
A. consultancy B. education C. resource management

5. Which of the following roles does a social worker play in aid of social action?
A. activist B. broker C. catalyst

2
 Discover

What You Need to Know

Social work, like other applied sciences, may help individuals cope with
anxiety, stress, or depression, but it goes further to help the client to gain access to
other community resources and support or empowering services that may be state
run or privately operated.

Roles of Social Workers

Generally, the roles of social workers are interwoven with functions, but
DuBois and Miley (2008) have provided elements that can be distinctively viewed as
roles rather than functions.

Roles For whom For what

Enabler Individuals and families Helping people find solutions
Broker or
Community Case management
Advocates
Teachers Community In terms of information processing
For formal groups and
Facilitator In aid of organizational development
organizations
Convener or
For organization In aid of creating networks
Mediator
Trainer Community For professional development
Planner Community and Society Facilitating research and planning
Society In aid of social action
Activist They conduct outreach in aid of
Community
community education
Colleague and Within the social work In aid of professional enculturation
a Monitor profession and socialization
Catalysts Community For community service
Research- In aid of knowledge development
scholars and capacity building

Functions of Social Workers

The functions of social workers are professional activities mainly performed

by social workers.

Consultancy

This refers to the professional activities through which social workers and
their clients plan, initiate, and pursue actions toward desired change?

4
Resource Management

This refers to the act of coordinating, systematizing, and integrating

resources and services needed to support social functioning, meeting needs
and resolving problems?

Education

This refers to the provision of knowledge and critical information necessary

for empowerment practice that facilitates informed decision-making,
increased abilities, and gain access to opportunities and resources for a
client.

Competencies of Social Work

These are the personal qualities and necessary skills needed by the
profession to perform their various roles and skills.

Think critically Build and sustain relationships

Communicate effectively Execute empowering process
Has strong cultural and Use of practical methods
intercultural competence Can perform crisis intervention
Computer literacy Sound time management
Can do social planning

In addition to these, social workers should have the following capacities

generic to all helping professions.

Empathic
Compassionate
o Compassion is necessary in working with people who are socially
marginalized or suffer deprivation.
They require deeply empathic and non-judgmental social worker who
intends to empower them.
Listening skills will also occupy a very special role in the social work
toolkit.

5
 Explore

Activity 1: Word Hunt

Directions: Search the following words from the box in the puzzle below.

C E D U C A T I O N E X A
V H A B R F Y J Y U L O M Education
V R N N S D F R G T E B B Management
S O C I A L W O R K N X E Resource
M H G W S E C F V B A Y H
Enabler
B R E L A T I O N S B I P
U N M O H I N H F T L N M Consultancy

E R E B F D M G B J E N M Social Work
C I N T E R E S O U R C E
R E T V B N M K O U P M N

Assessment 1: Match the words found in Column A to its meaning in Column B.

Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided.

Column A Column B
_____1. Consultancy a. It refers to the provision of knowledge and critical
information necessary for empowerment practice that
facilitates informed decision-making, increased
abilities, and gain access to opportunities and
resources for a client.
_____2. Education b. It refers to the act of coordinating, systematizing, and
integrating resources and services needed to support
social functioning, meeting needs and resolving
problems.
_____ 3. Enabler c. It refers to the professional activities through which
social workers and their clients plan, initiate, and
pursue actions toward desired change.
_____ 4. Resource d. It may help individuals cope with anxiety, stress, or
management depression.
_____ 5. Social work e. A role which helps individuals and families find
solutions to their problems.

6
Activity 2: Jumbled Letters

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to reveal the different roles of social
workers. Write your answers in the space provided.

1. ISVATITC - ________________________________
2. ASDEVTOAC - ____________________________
3. RSAETCHE - ______________________________
4. REHCRAESER - ___________________________
5. NNPALRE - ________________________________

Assessment 2: Complete the crossword puzzle below based on your answers in

activity 2.

1 4
ACROSS
1 - They facilitate research and
planning for the community and
2 society
2 - They are brokers in case
management
3 - They provide information processing

DOWNWARD
2 - They serve this role in aid of social
action
4 - They serve this role in aid of
knowledge development and
capacity building
3

8
Activity 3: Guess the Word

Directions: Connect the letters by shading the boxes to reveal some of the generic
capacities of social workers then write the word in the space provided. The first one
is done for you.

C O R S N C O R S N C O R S N L I T Y N
E H V K R E M V K O E A T H I A I T N E
G U A O I G P A S I G P A S C G P A S D
O T M L P O T S L P E M S L P C O N F I

HUMOR
5 letters 10 letters 8 letters 15 letters

Assessment 3: Choose the letter of the correct answer from the given generic
capacities of social workers.

1. What generic capacity is necessary in working with people who are socially
marginalized or is suffering from deprivation?
A. compassion B. confidentiality C. emphatic

2. What is referred to as an instance of being or attempting to be comical or

amusing?
A. confidentiality B. emphatic C. humor

3. Which of the following is defined as strict privacy or secrecy?

A. confidentiality B. emphatic C. humor

4. What is referred to as the psychological identification with the feelings or

attitudes of others?
A. confidentiality B. emphatic C. humor

5. What is defined as a feeling of deep sympathy or sorrow for another who is

stricken by misfortune?
A. compassion B. confidentiality C. emphatic

10
 Deepen

To further expand your understanding of the topic, you are to create a poster
slogan manifesting the role and function of a social worker that you opt to choose.
Use the extra sheet of paper on page 13 for your output. Your poster slogan will be
graded based on the following rubric:

Category 10 8 6 4
Required The poster The poster The poster The poster
Slogan/ includes one of includes one of includes one of includes one of
Graphic the required the required the required the required
clarity slogans, which slogans which slogans which slogans which
can be read can be read can quite be cannot be read
clearly easily read easily easily
Graphic All images and Most images Some images The images and
relevance graphics are and graphics and graphics graphics are
related to the are related to are related to not related to
topic and make the topic and the topic, or the topic and
it easier to make it easier some may the poster’s
understand to understand impede meaning is
understanding unclear
Artwork All included All included All included The poster
Quality images are images are images are shows
original and original and original and copyright
free of free of free of infringement or
copyright. The copyright. The copyright. is messy and
poster is poster is Several unfinished
attractive in attractive, mistakes are
terms of layout, although one or visible or the
design, and two mistakes poster seems
neatness are visible rushed and
messy
Grammar There are no The poster The poster The poster
grammatical slogan contains contains two contains
errors on the one grammatical several
poster slogan grammatical errors grammatical
error errors

Total of 40 points

12
SHS

Disciplines and Ideas in the

Applied Social Science
Module 15

1
 Target

Social work foremost rights include the right to fulfil its professional
mandates to live by its values. It is the responsibilities that cover those that
pertain to the dispensation of its basic functions, roles, professional
standards, and adhere to its local and international codes of ethics. Social
work is accountable to the clients, the general public and the society.

Responsibilities of social workers working within their field of

specialization are to help children, assist those life-threatening problems, or
aid people in overcoming addictions. While accountability of the social
worker is to the clients, colleagues, employers, professional associations,
and to the law.

In your previous lesson, you are done with the areas of specialization
of social work: the family and child welfare, health, mental, correction and
schools.

This learning material will provide you with information and activities
that will help you understand the rights, responsibilities and
accountabilities of social works.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

value rights, responsibilities and accountabilities of social work.
HUMSS_DIASS 12-lf-22)

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic.
Answer the pre- test in a separate sheet of paper.

1
 Jumpstart

For you to understand the lesson well, do the next activity.

Good Luck!!!

Activity 1. Arrange the following jumbled letters below to form the correct
word. Be guided by the definition that follows.

1. ESPNIOBIITIESRSL
-To help children, assist those life- threatening
problems, or aid people in overcoming addictions.
2. ICOUNTAILITESCAB
-An obligation or willingness to accept responsibility.
3. SIGTRH
-Being in accordance with what is just, good, or proper
4. OCALSI
-Pleasant companionship with friends or associates
5. OKRSRWE
- A member of a working class

Activity 2: True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F if the

statement is incorrect. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Social workers have a responsibility to promote social justice, in relation to the
people with whom they work.
2. Social workers are not accountable for the action to the values and principles of
the profession, which require them to act in a reliable, honest, client
confidentiality, cultural competence, conflicts of interest and trustworthy
manner.
3. Social work foremost rights include the right to full fill its professional mandates
and to live by its values.
4. Social work is not accountable to the clients, general public, and the society.
5. Responsibilities of social workers working within their field of
specialization are to help children, assist those life-threatening
problems, or aid people in overcoming addictions.

3
 Discover

Rights, Responsibilities and Accountabilities of Social Work

The right of social work is partially outlined. Social work foremost

rights include the right to fulfill its professional mandates and to live by its
values.

A social worker must possess the following qualities: active listening,

self-awareness, social perceptiveness coordination, and persuasion. Its
responsibilities cover those that pertain to the dispensation of its basic
functions, roles, professional standards, and adherence to its local and
international codes of ethics. Social work is accountable to the clients,
general public, and the society.

Responsibilities of social workers working within their field of

specialization are to help children, assist those life- threatening problems, or
aid people in overcoming addictions.

It is the responsibility of social workers to protect, and uphold respect

for the inherent worth and dignity of all people as expressed in the United
Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and other related UN
declarations of rights and the conventions derived from those declarations.
Social workers have a responsibility to promote social justice, in relation to
the people with whom they work.

Social workers have a responsibility to apply professional values and

principles set out above their practice. They should act with integrity and
treat people with compassion, empathy, competence, social justice, dignity
and worth of the individuals and care.

Accountability of the social worker is to the clients, colleagues,

employers, professional associations, and to the law. Social workers are
accountable for the action to the values and principles of the profession,
which require them to act in a reliable, honest, client confidentiality,
cultural competence, conflicts of interest and trustworthy manner.

4
 They are answerable to their clients’ professional bodies like
registered social workers (RSW), certified social workers (CSW), licensed
social workers (LSW), licensed clinical social workers (LSW), and licensed
independent social workers (LISW) organization, and the law promulgated
and enforced by appropriate government agencies.

Explore

Here is some enrichment activity for you to work on to master

and strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this
module.

A. Poster Making

Your objective is to make a poster showing the value of rights,

responsibilities and accountabilities of social workers. You will be given two
days to conceptualize and execute your ideas. Your output will be assessed
according to the following rubric.

Rubrics:

Elements/Characteristics Score
Relevance to the lesson under study 3
Clarity of the points stressed 3
Color combination 2
Aesthetical appeal 2
Total 10

5
B. Matching Type: Match column A to B by drawing a line that connects
them.

A. Answerable
to clients

RIGHT

Help
B. children

RESPONSIBILITY

Fulfilment of
C. professional
C.
mandates
ACCOUNTABILITY

D. Protect and
D.
uphold
respect

Must possess
the following
E. qualities: good
listener, self-
awareness, and
coordination
persuasion
Deepen

Assessment: Situational Analysis

When confronted with different situations in life which would you be

considering the most, your RIGHT, your RESPONSIBILITY, or
ACCOUNTABILITY? Explain your choice.

6
Rubrics:

Elements/Characteristics Score
A. Reasoning
Excellent discussion of point
5
The answer was discussed completely within the context
Very good discussion of point
The answer was discussed within the context, however, 4
with a detail not well explained
Good discussion of point
3
The answer was discussed with two details unexplained
Poor discussion of point
2
The answer was discussed within the context
Very poor discussion of point
1
The discussion was out context

Elements/Characteristics Score
B. Convincing appeal
Excellent
5
The reader was perfectly convinced
Very Good
The reader was left with a point for discussion or 4
argumentation
Good
3
The reader was left with points of argumentation
Poor
2
The reader was left with a lot of questions
Very poor
1
The reader was confused

7
 Gauge

A. Fill in the blanks. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Social work is _________to the clients, general public, and the

society.
2. Social workers have a __________to promote social justice, in
relation to the people with whom they work.
3. Social workers are accountable for the action to the
______________of the profession.
4-5 Social work is accountable to the clients, the ______and the
___________.
6-8. Responsibilities of social workers working within their field of
specialization are to_________, assist those__________, or
_________in overcoming addictions.
9-10. It is the responsibility of social workers to _______, and ______
for the inherent worth and dignity of all people.

B. Essay:

What do you think are the best qualities of social worker? Explain
your idea 5 points
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

8
Rubrics:

Elements/Characteristics Score
Excellent discussion of point
The answer was discussed completely within the 5
context
Very good discussion of point
The answer was discussed within the context, 4
however, with a detail not well explained
Good discussion of point
The answer was discussed with two details 3
unexplained
Poor discussion of point
2
The answer was discussed within the context
Very poor discussion of point
1
The discussion was out context

9
SHS

Disciplines and Ideas in the

Applied Social Science
Module 16

1
 Target

Social work is an educational discipline and practice-based profession which

deals with families, individuals, groups and even communities. Social Workers
commit themselves in promoting and enhancing social change, development,
cohesion and also the empowerment of people and communities. This practice
involves the critical understanding of human development, behavior and also the
social, economic and cultural institutions and interactions.

According to the Republic Act No.4373, “Social work is that the profession
which is primarily concerned with organized welfare work activity aimed to facilitate
and strengthen basic social relationships and also the mutual adjustment between
individuals and their social environment for the betterment of the individual and of
society.

In reality social service is always concerned with the welfare of the clients
and offering good service to others so as to the professions they are guided or
governed by rules for them to follow.

In the previous lesson you have learned the rights, responsibilities and
accountabilities of a social worker.

This learning material will help you to widen your understanding about the
ethical and unethical behaviors among practitioners.

Whenever you are done with this learning material, you are expected to:
distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among practitioners
(HUMMS_DIASS12-If-23)

1
 Jumpstart

For you to proceed to the next part of this learning material, let us first try
your skills in spelling and vocabulary.

Good Luck!!!

Activity 1: JUMBLED WORDS

Direction: Arrange the sets of letter below to unlock the key words.

1. UTDY _________________________
2. ATHICLE _________________________
3. CUTHENILA _________________________
4. AVIEBOSRH _________________________
5. SPATITRICORNE _________________________

Now that you have already figured out the key terms, let your learnings be more
MEANINGful by answering the following activity.

Activity 1.2: Be MEANINGful

Direction: On a separate sheet of paper, write your own definition of the key words
(Please refer to your answer in Activity No.1: Jumbled Words).

1. _________________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________________

You have successfully accomplished the first part of this learning material, as
you move on with this lesson you will be encountering different activities that
would enrich your knowledge about this topic.

2
 Discover

Ethical and Unethical behaviors among Practitioners

Social workers have a very crucial role in the society, it is their sworn duty to
protect the well-being of individuals who are in need of their help. Here in the
Philippines, the practice of welfare work is legally mandated and that they are being
guided by the Code of Ethics a bit like the opposite professionals.

The Code of Ethics elaborates the standards of ethics, conducts, and

performance expected to a registered social worker. There are many things that a
Social Worker needs to consider; respect for the inherent dignity and worth of
individuals, the pursuit of social justice, integrity of professional practice,
confidentiality in professional practice, and competence in professional practice.

Critical to any code of ethics is explicit provisions of ethical principle and

ethical standards and should come into specific enforceable guidelines for
professional conduct in details that might provide objective professional judgment
and make it easier to spot the particular violations after they occur.

Ethical Principles

Here are samples of ethical principle and ethical standards were adapted
from the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. These
are broad ethical principles are supported social work's core values of service,
social justice, dignity and value of the person, importance of human relationships,
integrity, and competence. These principles set forth ideals to which all social
workers should follow.

Value: Service

Ethical Principle: Social workers' primary goal is to help people in need and to
address social problems.

Social workers elevate service to others above self-interest. Social workers

draw on their knowledge, values, and skills to help people in need and to address
social problems. Social workers are encouraged to volunteer some portion of their
professional skills with no expectation of significant financial return (pro bono
service).

Value: Social Justice

Ethical Principle: Social workers challenge social injustice.

Social workers pursue social change, particularly with and on behalf of

vulnerable and oppressed individuals and groups of people. Social workers' social
change efforts are focused primarily on issues of poverty, unemployment,
discrimination, and other forms of social injustice. These activities seek to promote

3
sensitivity to and knowledge about oppression and cultural and ethnic diversity.
Social workers strive to ensure access to needed information, services, and
resources; equality of opportunity; and meaningful participation in decision making
for all people.

Value: Dignity and Worth of the Person

Ethical Principle: Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the
person.

Social workers treat each person in a caring and respectful fashion, mindful
of individual differences and cultural and ethnic diversity. Social workers promote
clients' socially responsible self-determination. Social workers seek to enhance
clients' capacity and opportunity to change and to address their own needs. Social
workers are cognizant of their dual responsibility to clients and to the broader
society. They seek to resolve conflicts between clients' interests and the broader
society's interests in a socially responsible manner consistent with the values,
ethical principles, and ethical standards of the profession.

Value: Importance of Human Relationships

Ethical Principle: Social workers recognize the central importance of human

relationships.

Social workers understand that relationships between and among people are
an important vehicle for change. Social workers engage people as partners in the
helping process. Social workers seek to strengthen relationships among people in a
purposeful effort to promote, restore, maintain, and enhance the well-being of
individuals, families, social groups, organizations, and communities.

Value: Integrity

Ethical Principle: Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner.

Social workers are continually aware of the profession's mission, values,

ethical principles, and ethical standards and practice in a manner consistent with
them. Social workers act honestly and responsibly and promote ethical practices on
the part of the organization with which they are affiliated.

Value: Competence

Ethical Principle: Social workers practice within their areas of competence and
develop and enhance their professional expertise.

Social workers continually strive to increase their professional knowledge

and skills and to apply them in practice. Social workers should aspire to contribute
to the knowledge base of the profession.

Ethical Standards
The following ethical standards are relevant to the professional activities of
all social workers. These standards concern (1) to clients, (2) to colleagues, (3) in
practice settings, (4) as professionals, (5) to the social work profession, and (6) to
the broader society.

4
Guidelines for the Professional Conduct

The following guidelines for professional conduct reflect the spirit of a code
of ethics. It consists the ethical specifics in the professional conduct of social
workers culled from the Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics for Social Workers
devised by the Social Workers Registration Board (SWRB) at CORU (2011) and the
Ethics in Social Work Statement of Principles by the International Federation of
Social Workers (IFSW) (2004):

1. Social workers are expected to uphold human rights in their practice.

2. Social workers are expected to respect the rights and dignity of people.
3. Social workers are expected to respect the relationships of people who use
their services.
4. Social workers should promote social justice.
5. Social workers should comply with the laws and regulations governing their
practice.
6. Social workers should carry out their duties professionally and ethically.
7. Social workers should demonstrate ethical awareness.
8. Social workers should demonstrate professional accountability.
9. Social workers should act in the best interest of people who use their
service.
10. Social workers should communicate with people who use their services
careers and professionals.
11. Social workers should seek informed consent of the people who use their
services,
12. . Social workers should keep accurate records.
13. Social workers should deal appropriately with health and safety risks.
14. Social workers should willingly collaborate, delegate, and manage
appropriately.
15. Social workers should undertake research ethically.
16. Social workers should maintain high standards of personal conduct.
17. Social workers should act with integrity.
18. Social workers should provide accurate information about their conduct and
competence.
19. Social workers should treat information about people who use their services
as confidential except in situations that call for a greater ethical requirement
such as the preservation of life.
20. Social workers should act within the limits of their professional knowledge,
skills, and experience.
21. Social workers should keep their professional knowledge and skills up to
date so that they are able to provide appropriate services.

5
 Explore

Learning new concepts is fun isn’t it? Now, to strengthen your learning, here are
some activities for you to accomplish. Good luck!!!!

Activity No.1: Fill Me Up

Direction: Write phrases or words in the bubbles which you think a social
worker should possess.

Social
Worker

Activity No. 2:
Direction: Using your written phrases or words, explain why does a social worker
needs to possess these? How do those traits affect their work? Use
another sheet of paper for your answer. (See attached rubric on page 7)
Assessment No. 1
Directions: Briefly answer the following question in a separate paper.

1. What are the Ethical Principles of Social Workers?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

6
 2. Why is it important for Social Workers to follow ethical codes and standards?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. How do Social Workers become competent and effective professionals?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. Can we also apply the principles of social work practice in our daily lives?
How?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5. Why is it imperative for social workers to develop and enhance their

competencies?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Description: This rubric will help you know what is expected from your answers.

Characteristics 5 4 3 2 1
The writing The writing The writing The writing The writing
is is engaging, is generally is is unclear
Content exceptionally clear and clear and occasionally and
engaging focused. focused clear and unfocused
focused
Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are Ideas are not
thoroughly well thoroughly under developed or
developed developed developed developed connected
Ideas with relevant with relevant with limited
details and details and details and
appropriate appropriate appropriate
examples. examples. examples..
The The The The The essay is
organization organization organization organization unorganized
of ideas is is generally is in- and the
supports the appropriate appropriate appropriate, sequences
writer’s and the and the and the are in-
Organization focus. Ideas sequencing ideas are response appropriate.
are grouped of ideas is clearly may lack a
in a logical logical. sequenced, clear
manner. but may be introduction
repetitive. or
conclusion.

7
 Deepen

Congratulations, you are almost done with your learning material. Now let us
try to apply your new learning into real life situation and see how would you
react.
Good luck!!!!!

Directions: Read the situations below. Suppose you are a social worker involved in
those cases, how would you react to the given situations? Justify your
decision based on the principles of social work. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper. (See attached rubric on page 7)

1. Linda is the social worker responsible of orphan brothers Lito and Eddie.
Every day, the brothers are often found marketing newspapers in the street.
Like several less fortunate kids, they need to satisfy kind foster parents and
live like kids in their age. However, of the two, solely Lito is cooperative and
friendly. Linda finds Eddie difficult to contend with. Eddie seldom expresses
himself and sometimes throws temper and tantrums. Linda considers
passing Lito and Eddie’s case file to a different social worker. If you were
Linda, what would you do?

2. As a social worker and a devote Catholic, Amelia makes an attempt to

integrate into her practice the teaching of her religion. One day, she was
told to travel to the station to mediate a gay couple, Rico and Ben
apparently, a jealous and drunk Rico turned violent on Ben once he saw him
being friendly with a reasonably neighbor. Ben refused to file a case against
his partner. He insisted that it absolutely was his fault for not
considering the emotions of an already depressed Rico, who simply laid from
his job. If you were Amelia, what would you tell the couple? Justify your
answer.

3. Pedro was being listed in a Drug program in order to break his dependency.
In one of your sessions, he discovered that some years past, he accidentally
killed a security guard throughout an armed robbery. He was never caught
by the police, however, another man was condemned for the crime
and he's currently in jail for a lengthy sentence. For many days, you
have been associate attempting to win over Pedro that he ought to seek
advice from the police in order to free an innocent man from the jail. Raul
adamantly refuses to pay attention to your suggestion. How would you react
to the given situation?

8
 Gauge

Directions: Distinguish whether the Social Worker in the following situation

exhibits ethical and unethical behavior. Write E if the practice is
ethical and UE if the practice is unethical. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answer.

1. A social worker reveals the personal profile of his clients to his colleagues
without asking client’s permission.

2. Social workers should keep their professional knowledge and skills up to date
so that they are able to provide appropriate services

3. A social Worker should promote oppression to the ethnic diversity.

4. A social worker becomes romantically and sexually involved with a client.

5. Social workers should seek informed consent of the people who use their
services.

6. Social workers should act with exaggeration of their professional knowledge,

skills, and experience.

7. A social worker should focus on the self-interest than to address the social
problem.

8. Social workers should treat information about people who use their services
as confidential, even in situations that call for a greater ethical requirement
such as the preservation of life.

9. A social worker should recognize the boundaries between personal and

professional life, and they should not abuse their position for personal benefit
or gain.

10. Social workers should communicate with people who use their services
careers and professionals.

9
Directions: Identify what Ethical Value is the following Ethical Principles referring
to. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

_____________1. Social workers recognize the central importance of human

relationships.
_____________2. Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner.

_____________3. Social workers practice within their areas of competence and

develop and enhance their professional expertise.
_____________4. The social workers' primary goal is to help people in need and to
address social problems.

_____________5. These activities seek to promote sensitivity to and knowledge

about oppression and cultural and ethnic diversity.

_____________6. Social workers practice within their areas of competence and

develop and enhance their professional expertise.

_____________7. Social workers are encouraged to volunteer some portion of their

professional skills with no expectation of significant financial
return (pro bono service).

_____________8. Social workers strive to ensure access to needed information,

services, and resources; equality of opportunity; and meaningful
participation in decision making for all people.

_____________9. Social workers are continually aware of the profession's mission,

values, ethical principles, and ethical standards and practice in a
manner consistent with them.

____________10. Social workers act honestly and responsibly and promote ethical
practices on the part of the organization with which they are
affiliated.

Mabuhay! You are done. Congratulations!!!!!!!!

10
SHS

Disciplines and Ideas in the

Applied Social Science
Module 17

1
 Target

The type of information that is most appropriate and impactful will be

influenced by the characteristics of the target audience, that includes the following:
gender, ethnicity, culture, age, disability, sexuality, lifestyle, communication needs,
location, health, their socio- economic status, beliefs and how they cope with life
situations. Social workers should take into consideration the characteristics of the
audience, such as their disability, mental stability and others.

In your previous lesson, you distinguished the ethical and unethical

behaviors and principles of social workers, where it was indicated that social
workers are accountable for their actions to the values and principles of their
profession, which require them to act in a reliable, honest and trustworthy manner.

This learning material will give you an idea on the different clientele of social
work.

After going through this lesson, you are expected to describe the clientele of social
work (HUMSS_DIASS 12-Ig-24)

Before moving on, check how much you know about this
topic. Do the activity on the next page.

1
 Jumpstart

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following

activities.
Have fun and good luck!

Activity 1: Picture Analysis

Directions: Look and analyze the given illustrations below. Answer the following
guide questions that follow. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Guide Questions:

1. What did you observe on the given illustrations?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Identify as many groups of people as you can base on what you can see in
the illustrations.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. How are these groups of people connected to social work?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2
Activity 2:
Directions: Based from your given answers in Guide Question No. 2 in Activity 1,
do the following: Please use separate sheet of paper for your answers.

1. Choose three (3) among the individuals or group of people that you have
identified. List down some of their characteristics that you know.

Individual or Group of People Characteristics

2. How would you describe what they are going through?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Discover

Characteristics of Clientele and Audience of Social Work

All people with various social concerns (in terms of being marginalized or
those people who are experiencing social injustice or people whose rights were
violated or disrespected) share characteristic qualities of the clientele and an
audience of social work. The clientele and audience of social work experiences are
being left out or having some personal social problems like loss of job, getting sick
especially becoming terminally ill and all those deserving of social welfare benefits
which includes the following:
Individuals
Groups and Organizations
Communities

Social work is a profession focusing on helping individuals, families, groups

and communities to improve their individual and collective well-being. Social work
does not only limit for people who are old and retired, being employed and having

3
concerns in that place of work, being in a healthcare facility, home for the elderly,
home for street children, drug rehabilitation center, mental health facility and other
conditions. Minors, migrants, divorced woman, neglected child, sexually, physically
or mentally abused children, and people who are suffering from discrimination of
any kind could be characterized as clientele and audience of social work.

The Individual as Client of Social Work

The individual is the principal client of social work; the efforts of helping are
focused on him/her. According to De Guzman (1992), the person’s inability to
manage stress, which may be a result of a distressful situation or problem caused
him/her to seek professional help.

The social worker’s aim is to facilitate the individual’s social adaptation, to

restore, reshape or reinforce his/her functioning as a social being.
An individual is a biopsychosocial being. It means he/she is made up of three
(3) parts of a subsystem:
Physical – refers to the body;
Psychological – refers to the mind; and
Social – refers to human interaction
These parts affect one another, which is their totality as a system which
determines the persons functioning as a whole.
Social work is more on “client or person- centered” rather than problem
focused, that the person’s mode of adaptation determines whether the problem can
be resolved or alleviated of the difficulty will be removed or reduced.

Three samples of an individual’s mode of adaptation

Fight – means physical or verbal projection of angry feelings to others
especially when encountering difficult circumstances, frustration,
disappointment or even anxiety.
Flight – manifested when the person physically moves away from the
problem like resorting to drugs, alcohol/ substances that will make
one forget the current situation.
Pairing – entails entry into a relationship with another person who is
perceived to be stronger, more stable or who has the capacity to
provide help over his/her problem.

Example of individual clients:

Children who are either abandoned, neglected, orphaned, abused or
exploited;
Children in conflict with the law, street children, children living with
or affected by HIV;
Out-of-school youth;
Socially disadvantage women;
Solo parents;

4
 Persons with disabilities, physically, and mentally challenged
individuals;
Elderly
Indigenous people;
Internally displaced persons
Survivors of natural calamities and disasters, or those affected by
armed conflicts.

Types of individual clients

Types Description Example
Voluntary Clients - those persons who - solo parent seeking
opted to voluntarily material assistance
seek the assistance - A displaced person
of the worker or the asking for core
services of the shelter assistance
agency due to a
problem or difficulty
- also referred to as
the walk- in clients
Involuntary Clients - refers to the certain - Street children
types of individuals - working children
in need who may not - some children/
even consider asking youth in indigenous
for help because they communities
think they are doing - some out of school
fine or they are youth
unaware of the
agencies that can
provide them some
assistance.
- they consider their
present situation as
normal and not
unusual
Referred Clients - these are clients that - drug dependent
are being assisted by person
another person (can - abandoned child
be other family - unwed pregnant
member, relatives, - elderly without any
friends or family
neighbours), group/
organizations and
community leaders
who are concerned
about the client’s
situation

5
 De Guzman (1992) introduced factors that may affect or influence the
helping relationship between the client and the worker. These factors may interfere
and cause difficulties in the helping relationship and therefore must be dealt with
accordingly. Understanding these factors may help the worker avoid consequences.
These relationship components or factors are:
Transference – the client’s reactions and displacement on the worker of the
particular feelings and attitudes s/he may have experienced earlier in life in
relationship with the members of his/her family such as the father/mother
or significant other. This means that the individual responds to the worker
unconsciously in the way that s/he used to react to that family figure. This
is often associated with some mechanisms such as projection and
identification.
Counter- transference – the worker’s relationship reactions that he/she may
project on the client and usually it is the worker who transfers previously
experienced feelings on the client.
Reality – the realistic and objective perception of existing condition or
situation. It is the state of what is actual, what is, and what is true.

The Group and Organization as a Client of Social Work

Social group as a process is rooted in the sociological concept that a person is a

social being who has the inclination and need to associate with other human
beings. Groups are people existing with similar or common identity. Groups and
organization as clientele and audience of social work can be utilized as a target for
change, as a medium for change, and as an agent for change.

a. As a target for change, members in a group are clients of an agency

who have common problems, needs and concerns that match the
agency’s or worker’s service orientation.
b. As a medium for change, the group is used to facilitate the growth
and development needs of some members of the group (for self-
expression, communication, relationship, developing confidence and
modifying negative attitudes.
c. As an agent for change, the group is used to effect the desired change
needed outside the group.

Below are the philosophies of social groups by Trecker (1965) as cited in

Miclat (1995):
The need for group experience is basic and universal
Group of individuals can be helped to grow and change in personality,
attitudes and values through group experiences.
Persons not only develop in groups, but also through groups.
Groups are dynamic, ever changing and must be accepted by the social
worker at its level of development.

6
 Types of group by Miclat (1995)
Growth group – the dominant goal is the personal growth of the participants
in the group at all levels in their emotional, interpersonal, intellectual and
spiritual phase of their life. Its objectives are: (a) to make people better (b)
develop group trust and in-depth relationship and (c) encourage constructive
changes in both attitudes and feelings on the one hand and behavior and
relationships on the other and (d) to awaken the innate drive in every
individual in the group to develop his/ her potentials.
Treatment group – the goal is to (a) solve the individual’s problems in social
adjustment, (b) uncover deep- seated conflicts, hostilities and depression
and (c) modify or sublimate antisocial behaviors.
Social group – the goal is to provide opportunities for social relationship to
the lonely, friendless and those who have problems in relating to other
persons. The aim of this group is to: (a) form a friendly and congenial
atmosphere, (b) provide program activities that would give greater interaction
among the members through small group discussion, (c) organizes the group
to become agents of change in their community.

The Community as Client of Social Work

The community has the largest share in the clientele and audience of social
work because individuals and families are essentially members of the community.
A community may exist as a marginalized sector, and in which case, social work
services may gear toward their freedom and empowerment.

Arlene Johnson as cited in Miclat (1995) defined community as a group of

people gathered together in a geographic area, large or small, who have common
interests, actual or potentially recognized in the social welfare field.

Two concepts of community as a social system

Geographic Community – refers to the people in a specific geographic area
like village, barangay, sitio, district, municipality, city, province, region,
region or the world.
Functional Community – is composed of the people who hold common
values, share common functions or express some common interest such as
education, health, livelihood, labor, welfare or recreation.
Example: the professional community, the fisher folk community, the
banking community

The philosophy of community organization is the acceptance of the right of

the community to decide what it wants rather than having the organizer’s views
imposed upon it, belief on the capacity of the people to find richer and more
satisfying ways of living.

7
 The following are the focus of community organization:
Removal of blocks to growth
The release of potentialities in the individual, group and communities
as a whole.
The development of the capacity of indigenous leaders to lead, to
manage, and function in their assigned social roles in the
community;
Developing the ability of the different sectors in the community to
function as an integrated whole;
Strengthening people’s capacity for problem- solving, decision-
making and cooperation;
The full use of inner/ indigenous resources before tapping external
resources.

The purposes of community organizations include the following:

To solve certain problems and meet needs;
To achieve selected social goals; and
To strengthen the people’s capacity in dealing with their problems,
needs and aspirations.

Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master

and strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this
lesson.

Enrichment Activity 1: Fit Me In!

Directions: Take a look at the given clientele and audience below. Categorize them
based on what kind of clientele they are in. Put a check (√) mark on the appropriate
column they belong.

Individual Group Community

1. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and
Transgender (LGBT)
2. Barangay Women’s Organization
3. Indigenous people
4. An orphan named Niña
5. Catholic Women’s League
6. Persons with disability
7. A rape victim named Kiray
8. A migrant named Junio

8
Enrichment Activity 2: Check Your Understanding
Direction: Based from the discussion, read and analyze the given questions. Please
write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Answer briefly, but substantially.

A. Describe the individual as a client of social work. Give three (3) instances
when an individual would benefit from social work.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________

B. Describe the group and organization as client of social work. Give three (3)
instances when a group or individual would benefit from social work.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________

C. Describe the community as a client of social work. Give three (3) instances
when a community would benefit from social work.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________

Great job! You have understood the lesson. Are you now ready to
summarize?

10
 Learner’s copy
Name: _______________________________________________Score: ____________________

Enrichment Activity 2: Check Your Understanding

Direction: Based from the discussion, read and analyze the given questions. Please
write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Answer briefly, but substantially.

A. Describe the individual as a client of social work. Give three (3) instances
when an individual would benefit from social work.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________

B. Describe the group and organization as client of social work. Give three (3)
instances when a group or individual would benefit from social work.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________

C. Describe the community as a client of social work. Give three (3) instances
when a community would benefit from social work.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________

11
 Deepen

At this point, you have already learned the different clientele and audiences
of social work, their characteristics as well as concepts regarding this topic.

Activity 1: Think it Over!

Directions: Think of the facts, events, and challenges as well as the changes
brought to us by the deadly COVID-19 pandemic. By applying your learnings on
the different Clientele and audiences of social work, determine who among the
affected ones can be considered as an individual client, and group client and
community clientele. Identify at least three (3) clients in each category. Briefly
describe each client why they are considered to be a potential Clientele of social
work.

Description
Individual Clientele

Group and Organization Clientele

Community Clientele

Very well done! You are now ready to take your post- test. You may
again go over the lessons and activities for the final assessment.
Good luck!

12
 Gauge

Directions: Read carefully each item. Give the right answer to each of the items
asked in set A by selecting from the choices indicated in set B. Use a separate sheet
of paper for your answer. Write only the letter of the best answer for each test item.

Set A Set B
1. This means entry into a relationship A. Flight
with another person who is thought to B. Pairing
be stronger or stable. C. Fight
2. Physical or verbal projection of angry D. Group as an agent for
feelings on others, especially when change
encountering difficult circumstances, E. Individual
frustration, disappointment and F. Community
anxiety. G. Geographic Community
3. Manifested when the person physically H. Social work
moves away from the problem, like I. Group as a target for change
resorting to drugs, alcohol or J. Involuntary Clients
substances that will make one forget K. Voluntary Clients
the current stressful situation. L. Group as a medium for
4. Certain types of individual in need who change
may not even consider asking for help M. Group
because they think that they are doing N. Biopsychosocial being
fine and will survive somehow or they O. Functional Community
are unaware of the agencies that can P. Referred Clients
provide for them some assistance.
5. Persons who opted to voluntarily seek
the assistance of the worker or the
services of the agency due to a problem
or a difficulty.
6. These individuals are being assisted by
another person, group/ organization
and community leaders/ workers who
are concerned about the client’s
situation.
7. The group is used to facilitate the
growth and development needs of some
members of the group as he need for
self- expression, communication,
relationship, developing self- confidence
and modifying negative attitudes,
behaviors and values.
8. Composed of the people who hold
common values, share some common

14
 functions, or express some common
interest such as education, health,
livelihood, labor, welfare or recreation.
9. Referred to as the principal clientele of
social work.
10. The group of people gathered together
in a geographic area, large or small, who
have common interests, actual or
potentially recognized in the social
welfare field.
11. These are people who exist with similar
or common identity.
12. The group is used to effect the desired
change needed outside the group.
13. Refers to the people in a specific
geographic area like village, barangay,
sitio, etc.
14. Members in a group are clients of an
agency who have common problems,
needs and concerns that match the
agency’s or worker’s service orientation.
15. The profession that focused on helping
individuals, families, groups and
communities to improve their individual
and collective well- being.

Great job! You are done with this learning material.

15