Appendix 2
Geomembrane Test Methods
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
(arranged by number)
ASTM D-5 penetration of bitumen
ASTM D-36 softening point of bitumen
ASTM D-256 Izod impact strength
ASTM D-412 tensile properties of nonreinforced rubber geomembranes
ASTM D-413 ply adhesion of rubber to fabrics (peel)
ASTM D-471 effect of liquids on rubber
ASTM D-570 water adsorption of plastics
ASTM D-638 tensile properties of plastics
ASTM D-696 coefficient of linear thermal expansion
ASTM D-746 brittleness temperature by impact (superseded by D-1790)
ASTM D-751 thickness of coated fabrics
ASTM D-751 mass/unit area of coated fabrics
ASTM D-751 tear of coated fabrics (tougue tear)
ASTM D-751 grab tensiles of coated fabrics
ASTM D-751 hydrostatic burst
ASTM D-792 specific gravity by displacement
ASTM D-814 transmission of liquids through rubber sheet
ASTM D-882 tensile testing of thin plastic sheeting
ASTM D-1004 90 ◦ tear of non-reinforced geomembranes
ASTM D-1149 ozone cracking of rubbers
ASTM D-1203 volatile loss from plastics
ASTM D-1204 dimensional change (dimensional stability)
ASTM D-1238 melt flow index
ASTM D-1388 stiffness of fabrics
ASTM D-1434 gas permeability of plastic sheeting
ASTM D-1505 density by gradient column
A Guide to Polymeric Geomembranes John Scheirs
© 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-51920-2
548 A GUIDE TO POLYMERIC GEOMEMBRANES
ASTM D-1593 thickness of flexible PVC sheeting
ASTM D-1603 carbon black content by tube furnace
ASTM D-1621 compression of rigid cellular plastics
ASTM D-1693 ESC bent strip method
ASTM D-1790 low temperature impact (brittleness temperature)
ASTM D-1822 tensile impact
ASTM D-1898 sampling of plastics
ASTM D-2136 low temperature bending of coated fabrics
ASTM D-2240 durometer hardness of rubbers
ASTM D-2261 tongue tear test for fabrics
ASTM D-2663 test methods for carbon black
ASTM D-3015 carbon black dispersion by hot plate (withdrawn)
ASTM D-3030 volatile matter in PVC resin
ASTM D-3083 resistance to soil burial (for PVC)
ASTM D-3083 PVC water extraction
ASTM D-3083 seam strength of PVC
ASTM D-3746 impact resistance of bituminous membranes
ASTM D-3776 mass per unit area of woven fabrics
ASTM D-3895 standard OIT by DSC
ASTM D-4218 carbon black content by muffle furnace
ASTM D-4354 sampling of geomembranes for testing
ASTM D-4355 xenon arc exposure of geotextiles
ASTM D-4437 shear and peel of field welds (superceded by D-6392)
ASTM D-4439 standard terminology for geosynthetics
ASTM D-4533 trapezoid tear for reinforced geomembranes
ASTM D-4545 shear and peel of factory seams
ASTM D-4595 wide width tensile method for geotextiles
ASTM D-4703 compression moulding of plastics into test specimens
ASTM D-4759 Determining the specification conformance of geosynthetics
ASTM D-4833 pin/rod puncture (index puncture)
ASTM D-4873 Identification, storage, and handling of geosynthetic rolls
ASTM D-4885 wide width tensile method for geomembranes
ASTM D-5147 sampling and testing of bituminous membranes
ASTM D-5199 thickness of smooth geomembranes
ASTM D-5261 mass/unit area of geotextiles
ASTM D-5262 tensile creep behaviour
ASTM D-5321 coefficient of friction by direct shear
ASTM D-5322 chemical resistance of geomembranes by immersion
ASTM D-5323 2% secant modulus of PE geomembranes
ASTM D-5397 NCTL stress cracking test
ASTM D-5494 pyramidal puncture of geomembranes
ASTM D-5496 Field immersion testing of geosynthetics
ASTM D-5514 hydrostatic puncture (large scale)
ASTM D-5596 carbon black dispersion by microtome method
ASTM D-5617 multiaxial tensile testing (out of plane)
ASTM D-5641 seam testing by vacuum chamber (vacuum box)
ASTM D-5721 oven ageing of polyolefin geomembranes
ASTM D-5747 chemical resistance of geomembranes to liquids
ASTM D-5818 sampling practice for assessing installation damage
GEOMEMBRANE TEST METHODS 549
ASTM D-5819 guide for evaluation of geosynthetic durability
ASTM D-5820 pressurized air testing of dual seams
ASTM D-5884 tear of reinforced geomembranes (large scale)
ASTM D-5885 high pressure OIT by DSC
ASTM D-5886 methods for fluid permeation through geomembranes
ASTM D-5994 core thickness of textured geomembranes
ASTM D-6140 asphalt retention of bituminous geomembranes
ASTM D-6214 shear and peel testing of chemical welds
ASTM D-6364 short term compression behaviour
ASTM D-6365 spark testing of geomembrane seams
ASTM D-6392 shear and peel testing of thermal fusion welds
ASTM D-6434 guide for test methods for fPP
ASTM D-6455 guide for test methods for prefabricated bituminous GM
ASTM D-6497 guide for attachment of geomembranes to penetrations/structures
ASTM D-6636 ply adhesion of a reinforced geomembrane
ASTM D-6693 tensile properties of non-reinforced and reinforced geomembranes
ASTM D-6747 guide for electrical leak path detection
ASTM D-7002 electrical leak location of exposed GMs using water puddle
ASTM D-7003 strip tensile properties of reinforced geomembranes
ASTM D-7004 grab tensile properties of reinforced geomembranes
ASTM D-7006 ultrasonic testing of geomembranes
ASTM D-7007 electrical leak location of GMs covered with water or earth
ASTM D-7056 tensile shear strength of bituminous geomembrane seams
ASTM D-7106 guide for test methods for EPDM geomembranes
ASTM D-7176 specification for buried, nonreinforced PVC geomembranes
ASTM D-7177 air channel evaluation of PVC dual-track seamed geomembranes
ASTM D-7240 conductive geomembrane spark testing
ASTM D-7272 integrity of seams by pre-manufactured taped methods
ASTM D-7274 mineral stabilizer content of prefabricated bituminous GMs
ASTM D-7275 tensile properties of bituminous geomembranes (BGMs)
ASTM E-96 water vapour transmission by cup method
ASTM F-904 ply adhesion of flexible laminates
ASTM G-154 UV exposure by fluorescent UV lights
ASTM G-155 UV exposure by xenon arc practice
GEOMEMBRANE (GM) RELATED TEST METHODS AND STANDARDS
FROM GRI
(www.geosynthetic-institute.org/meth.htm)
GM1 Seam Evaluation by Ultrasonic Shadow Method
GM2 Embedment Depth for Anchorage Mobilization
GM3 Large Scale Hydrostatic Puncture Test (now formalized as ASTM D-5514)
GM4 Three Dimensional Geomembrane Tension Test (now formalized as ASTM
D-5617)
550 A GUIDE TO POLYMERIC GEOMEMBRANES
GM5 (a) Notched Constant Tensile Load (NCTL) Test for Polyolefin Resins or
Geomembranes (1992) (now formalized as ASTM D-5397)
GM5 (b) Single Point NCTL Test for Polyolefin Resin or Geomembranes (now
formalized as ASTM D-5397, Appendix)
GM5 (c) Seam Constant Tensile Load (SCTL) Test for Polyolefin Geomembrane Seams
GM6 Pressurized Air Channel Test for Dual Seamed Geomembranes (see also
ASTM D-5820)
GM7 Accelerated Curing of Geomembrane Test Strip Seams Made by Chemical
Fusion Methods
GM8 Measurement of the Core Thickness of Textured Geomembranes (now
formalized as ASTM D-5994) GM9 Cold Weather Seaming of
Geomembranes
GM10 Specification for the Stress Crack Resistance of HDPE Geomembrane Sheet
GM11 Accelerated Weathering of Geomembranes Using a Fluorescent UVA Device
GM12 Asperity Measurement of Textured Geomembranes using a Depth Gauge
GM13a Test Methods, Properties and Testing Frequency for High Density Polyethylene
(HDPE) Smooth and Textured Geomembranes
GM14 Selecting Variable Intervals for Taking Geomembrane Destructive Seam
Samples Using the Method of Attributes
GM15 Determination of Ply Adhesion of Reinforced Geomembranes (now formalized
as ASTM D-6636)
GM16 Observation of Surface Cracking of Geomembranes
GM17a Test Methods, Properties and Testing Frequency for Linear Low Density
Polyethylene (LLDPE) Smooth and Textured Geomembranes
GM18a Test Methods, Properties and Testing Frequency for Flexible Polypropylene
(fPP and fPP-R) Nonreinforced and Reinforced Geomembranes (temporarily
suspended: May 3, 2004) (Reinforced March 20, 2009)
GM19a Seam Strength and Related Properties of Thermally Bonded Polyolefin
Geomembranes
GM20 Selecting Variable Intervals for Taking Geomembrane Destructive Seam
Samples Using Control Charts
GM21a Test Methods, Properties and Testing Frequency for Ethylene Propylene Diene
Terpolymer (EPDM) Nonreinforced and Scrim Reinforced Geomembranes
GM22 Test Methods, Required Properties and Testing Frequency for Scrim Reinforced
Polyethylene Geomembranes used in Exposed Temporary Applications
a
Denotes those items that are generic specifications.
GEOMEMBRANE TEST METHODS 551
GEOMEMBRANE TESTING METHODS CONVERSION TABLE ASTM
AND ISO
Method ASTM Method ISO Method Comments
Thickness ASTM D5199 ISO 9863-1 similar but not equivalent
Mass per unit area ASTM D1593 ISO 9864 similar but not equivalent
Melt flow Index ASTM D1238 ISO 1133 equivalent
Density ASTM D792 ISO 1183 equivalent
Tensile properties index ASTM D6693 ISO 527-3 similar but not equivalent
Wide width tensiles ASTM D4885 ISO 10319 similar but not equivalent
Tear resistance ASTM D1004 ISO 34 similar but not equivalent
Carbon black content ASTM D1603 ISO 6964 similar but not equivalent
Carbon black dispersion ASTM D5596 ISO 11420 similar but not equivalent
OIT testing ASTM D3895 ISO 10837 similar but not equivalent
Chemical resistance testing ASTM D5322 ISO 175 similar but not equivalent
Oven ageing ASTM D5721 ISO 4577 similar but not equivalent
