D AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL

TOWING − MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

**ON A/C ALL
TASK 09−10−00−584−801
Towing of the Aircraft
1. General
A. The maintenance procedure that follows shows how to tow or push the aircraft from the nose
landing gear with a tow vehicle and a tow bar.

2. Job Set−Up Information

Subtask 09−10−00−943−021

A. Tools and Equipment

(1) GSB0900004 Towhead Assembly
(2) GSB0900005 Towbar
(3) Commercially Tow Vehicle
Available
NOTE: The equipment and vehicle used in this procedure is for towing the aircraft with a
towbar specified here. If the aircraft is to be towed without the towbar (towbarless
method), refer to TASK 09−10−00−584−802.

Subtask 09−10−00−946−021

B. Reference Information

REFERENCE DESIGNATION
TASK 09−10−00−584−802 Towing of the Aircraft (Towbarless Method)
TASK 10−11−00−400−801 Engage the Nose Gear Ground Lock
TASK 10−11−00−400−802 Installation of the Main Landing Gear Lock Pins
TASK 10−11−00−587−801 Parking of the Aircraft
TASK 12−10−32−863−801 Pressurization of the Parking Brake System with the
Handpump

3. Job Set−Up
Subtask 09−10−00−860−022

A. Engage the ground lock of the nose landing gear (Refer to TASK 10−11−00−400−801).
NOTE: It is recommended that you engage the nose gear ground lock before you tow the
aircraft.

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Subtask 09−10−00−490−001

B. Install the lock pins in the main landing gear (Refer to TASK 10−11−00−400−802).
NOTE: It is recommended that you install the main landing gear lock pins before you tow the
aircraft.

Subtask 09−10−00−210−021

C. Do a pressure check of the parking brake system at the accumulator gauge in the right wing root.
Make sure that the pressure is a minimum of 1000 psi (6895 kPa).

Subtask 09−10−00−863−021

D. If the pressure of the parking brake system is below 1000 psi (6895 kPa), use the hand pump to
pressurize the system (Refer to TASK 12−10−32−863−801).
E. If towing is to be done with one or both engines removed, make sure that ballast weights are
loaded and uniformly distributed on the floor of the cockpit and forward cabin area forward of the
lavatory as follows:
1. Load and distribute a minimum of 500 lbs (227 Kg) of the ballast weights if towing is done
with one engine removed.
2. Load and distribute a minimum of 1000 lbs (454 Kg) of ballast weights if towing is done
with both engines removed.

4. Procedure

Refer to Figure 201 and to Figure 202.

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Subtask 09−10−00−584−021

CAUTION: OBEY THE PRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW WHEN YOU TOW THE AIRCRAFT:
– DO NOT TOW THE AIRCRAFT AT MORE THAN 5 MPH (8 KPH) AROUND CORNERS
– DO NOT TOW THE AIRCRAFT AT MORE THAN 15 MPH (24 KPH) IN A STRAIGHT
LINE
– HAVE A PERSON IN THE FLIGHT COMPARTMENT TO APPLY BRAKES IN AN
EMERGENCY
– DO NOT USE THE EMERGENCY/PARKING BRAKES TO STOP THE AIRCRAFT
UNLESS THERE IS AN EMERGENCY
– IF THERE IS AN EMERGENCY STOP, AN INSPECTION IS NECESSARY
– INCREASE OR DECREASE SPEED SMOOTHLY AND GRADUALLY
– MAKE TURNS LARGE WHEN POSSIBLE
– MAKE ALL CHANGES TO SPEEDS OR DIRECTIONS SLOWLY
– WHEN YOU STOP THE TOW VEHICLE, DO NOT MAKE A SUDDEN CHANGE TO
THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION
– TURN LIMITS MUST NOT BE MORE THAN 120 DEGREES RIGHT AND LEFT FROM
THE CENTER.
IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT CAN
OCCUR.
A. Tow the aircraft as follows:
NOTE: A minimum of two crew members is necessary to tow the aircraft. One person
operates the tow vehicle. The other person must be in the flight compartment to
operate the parking brake in an emergency. The crew member in the flight
compartment will also apply the parking brake when you park the aircraft. Make sure a
crew member stays at each wing tip and at the tail when you push or tow the aircraft in
an area with minimum space.
(1) Disconnect the grounding wire from the aircraft.
(2) Make sure that you remove external servicing connections from the aircraft.
(3) Do a general visual inspection of the landing gear tires to make sure that the tires are
serviceable.
(4) Close all external doors of the aircraft.

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WARNING: BEFORE YOU CONNECT THE TOWBAR TO THE AIRCRAFT MAKE SURE
YOU SET THE NOSEWHEEL STEERING TO THE OFF POSITION. IT MUST
STAY IN THE OFF POSITION WHILE YOU TOW THE AIRCRAFT. THE
NOSEWHEEL HAS TO BE IN THE MIDDLE POSITION BEFORE YOU
DISCONNECT THE TOWBAR. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE
INJURIES TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT.
(5) Set the nosewheel STEERING switch to the OFF position.
(6) Connect the towbar head (2) to the towing spools (5). The spools are on the inner cylinder
of the nose landing gear at the suspension lever pivot point.
(7) Connect the towbar eye to the tow vehicle.
NOTE: Make sure that you engage the lock handle on the towhead.
(8) Remove the chocks from the landing gear wheels.
(9) Set the parking brake to the OFF position.
(10) Slowly tow the aircraft from its parked position.
(11) Do not tow the aircraft at more than a maximum speed of 5 mph (8 kph) around corners or
15 mph (24 kph) in a straight line.
(12) Keep the aircraft turning radii in the limits. The towing turn limits are 120 degrees each side
of center. Painted arrows on the two aft NLG doors show these limits.
(13) Engage the parking brake after you tow the aircraft.
WARNING: REMOVE THE TOWBAR FROM THE NOSE LANDING GEAR BEFORE YOU
SET THE STEERING SWITCH TO THE ON POSITION. IF YOU SET THE
STEERING SWITCH TO THE ON POSITION, THE NOSEWHEELS WILL
AUTOMATICALLY GO TO THE NEUTRAL POSITION. IF YOU DO NOT
REMOVE THE TOWBAR, YOU CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS OR
DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT.
(14) Make sure the nosewheel is straight before you disconnect the towbar.
(15) Disconnect the towbar eye from the tow vehicle.
(16) Disconnect the towbar head (2) from the towing spools (5).
(17) Park the aircraft (Refer to TASK 10−11−00−587−801).

Subtask 09−10−00−584−022

B. Towing/Moving Aircraft with flat tires

(1) An aircraft with a flat tire or a combination of flat tires on the runway, taxiway or apron is
allowed to be moved with the use of tow bar or using suitable rope to clear the runway or
taxiway. The maximum combination of flat tires is defined in Figure 202.
Make sure that the rims of the wheel with flat tires are not damage and the aircraft is still
supported by its own main and nose landing gears.

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(a) Make sure the nose landing gear ground lock is engaged.
(b) Make sure the main landing gear ground lock pins are installed.
(c) Obey the precautions that follow when towing an aircraft with two flat tires on one or
more axles:
1. Use rope on both main landing gears for towing.
2. Limit towing speed to 2 mph (3 kph).
3. Towing distance should be kept to a minimum to clear the runway.
4. Avoid sharp turns, abrupt starts and stops.
(2) Refer to the table that follows for maximum allowable towing loads with flat tires:

Maximum Allowable Towing load for ONE Maximum Allowable Towing load for TWO deflated tires
deflated tire (lb) (lb)
7185 5987

(3) Refer to Figure 202 for conditions for towing an aircraft with flat tires.

5. Close Out
Subtask 09−10−00−941−022

A. Remove all tools, equipment, and unwanted materials from the work area.

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5 5

2
3 4

LEGEND
bra27a01.dg, sw, 30/07/98

1. Tow bar.
2. Towhead.
3. Locking handle.
4. Tow spool attachment point.
5. Towing spool.

Towing of the Aircraft

Figure 201

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ITEM MAIN GEAR TIRE FOOTPRINT IS TAXIING IS TOWING DISTANCE ALLOWED NOSE WHEEL REMARKS
NO. CONDITION EXAMPLES ALLOWED? ALLOWED? (TAXIING & TOWING) ANGLE OF TURN

ONLY ONE FLAT SEE NOTES

1 YES YES UNLIMITED NORMAL
TIRE (ANY TIRE) 1., 2., 6., 8.

TWO FLAT TIRES SEE NOTES

2 YES YES UNLIMITED NORMAL
(ONE ON EACH AXLE) 1., 3., 4., 6., 8.

TWO FLAT TIRES SEE NOTES

3 YES YES MINIMUM TO 10 MAXIMUM
(ON ONE AXLE) 1., 3., 4., 5.,
CLEAR RUNWAY
6., 7., 9.

THREE FLAT TIRES SEE NOTES

4 YES YES MINIMUM TO 10 MAXIMUM
(ANY COMBINATION) 1., 3., 4., 5.,
CLEAR RUNWAY
6., 7., 9.

SEE NOTES
5 FOUR FLAT TIRES YES YES MINIMUM TO 10 MAXIMUM 1., 3., 4., 5.,
CLEAR RUNWAY
6., 7., 9.

NOSE GEAR
CONDITION

SEE NOTES
6 ONE FLAT TIRE YES YES UNLIMITED NORMAL
1., 2., 4., 8.

SEE NOTES
7 TWO FLAT TIRES YES YES MINIMUM TO 10 MAXIMUM 1., 3., 4., 5., 6.,
CLEAR RUNWAY
7., 8. or 9.

= FLAT TIRE

NOTES
1. Avoid sharp turns, abrupt starts and stops.
2. Maximum taxiing or towing speed = 5 mph (8 kmh).
3. Maximum taxiing or towing speed = 2 mph (3 kmh).
4. After clearing runway, or if additional tire fails, aircraft
should be stopped and serviceable wheel/tire assembly(ies)
installed to satisfy conditions in Item No. 2 or 6.
5. Taxiing or towing with two flat tires on same gear
can result in wheel damage.
6. After any tire failure or excessive heat condition, the affected
wheel assembly must be inspected per applicable
Vendor Manual prior to further use.
7. Under multiple failed tire condition, the affected landing gear
brap05a01.dg, gv/kms, 05/11/02

assemblies and linkages must be inspected for possible

structural damage.
8. Towbar required.
9. Use of rope on both main landing gear required.

Towing of the Aircraft (Flat Tire Conditions)

Figure 202

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