15 NOVEMBER 2017 • No. 2716 electronicsweekly.

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NEWS ANALYSIS & COMMENT FEATURES & TECHNOLOGY
The future of the
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and the electronics
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environmental considerations needs to prepare for
in UK electronics now

 Security is a
deal-breaker for
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page 23

Europe tops UK chip sales p3 Bonanza for memory-makers p15 The future of the internet of things p21
 Chipset choice
can affect security
page 23
 How to create
Electronics Weekly a sustainable IoT
and RS Components page 24
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Qualcomm launches
170601_6Mill_EW_UK_Snipe.
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5/31/17 4:43
PM

YOUR ELEKTRA
VOTE COUNTS
10nm server CPUs
Qualcomm has begun commercial shipments of 10nm server processors to challenge Intel
n Vote online for
your choice of the best
university research
project and consumer
product of 2017
DAVID MANNERS of shared L2 cache for every two PAGE 8
cores, and 60MB of unified L3 cache
Qualcom last week announced the first distributed on the die, the company said.
commercial shipments of its 10nm It has six channels of DDR4 memory
server processors. The Centriq 2400 and can support up to 768GB of total
processor family is an Arm-based DRAM capacity with 32 PCIe Gen3
processor series designed for cloud lanes and six PCIe controllers.
workloads running in datacentres. The processor supports Arm’s
“Today’s announcement is the TrustZone secure operating
culmination of more than four years only 398mm2. It contains up to 48 high environment, and hypervisors for
of intense design, development performance, 64-bit, single-thread cores, virtualisation, but consumes less than
and ecosystem enablement effort,” running at up to 2.6GHz frequency, 120W.
said Anand Chandrasekher, senior according to Qualcomm. The cores With a list price of $1,995, the
vice-president and general manager of are connected with a bi-directional 48-core processor offers greater than
Qualcomm Datacenter Technologies. segmented ring bus with 250GBps 4x better performance per dollar and
The Centriq 2400 processor family of aggregate bandwidth, to avoid up to 45% better performance per watt
is a single chip platform-level product performance bottlenecks under full load. versus Intel’s highest-performance
built using Samsung’s 10nm finfet To maximise performance under Skylake processor, the Intel Xeon
process, with 18 billion transistors on various use cases, the design has 512KB Platinum-8180, claims Qualcomm.

Put 4G mobile on planes, says small cell firm

4G LTE mobile communications could According to ip.access, to date said: “In the air the only choice operators as a small cell with
transform in-flight connectivity and the focus for airlines has been on customers have is Wi-Fi. But for those spectrum sharing capabilities
there is no reason why it can’t happen, Wi-Fi, which is struggling to deliver customers who need extra capacity, would allow all mobile
according to ip.access, the London- the capacity that customers need and cellular must be added to the mix. networks to provide
based small cell supplier. expect. The firm claims that providing This will make it far more realistic coverage to its
The firm has presented an argument 3G and 4G connectivity in-flight would to support the number of passengers customers on
for aviation companies to provide radically increase the capacity of their that want to use their wireless devices planes.
cellular coverage to its passengers. wireless networks. on-board, regardless of their bandwidth
It outlines the value of deploying It suggests that Wi-Fi and cellular are requirements.”
small cells to improve the efficiency complementary and can both be offered Ash said airlines could also benefit
of in-flight connectivity with cellular in-flight. from the potential to open up new
coverage. Ben Ash, sales manager at ip.access, revenue streams via mobile network

170601_6Mill_EW_UK_Snipe.indd 1 5/31/17
170907_TRWP_EW_UK.indd 1 9/6/17 12:17 PM
 NEWS

UK chip sales still iPhone X tear

down reveals

lag behind Europe’s

$370 BoM
A tear down of iPhone X by IHS Markit
estimates that the 64GB version has
a bill of materials (BoM) of $370.25.
Priced at $999 this contrasts with
Germany is still Europe’s biggest market for semiconductors, according to latest sales reports Samsung’s 64GB Galaxy S8 which has
a BoM of $302 and a price of $720.
RICHARD WILSON Apple is obviously maintaining
its typical hardware margins, which
European semiconductor markets are may even increase over time as
seeing strong growth, with sales in manufacturing yields improve.
Q3 2017 as reported by semionductor Its signature ‘Face ID’ feature,
industry body DMASS increasing by enabled by the TrueDepth sensing
19% on last quarter to reach €2.16bn. system, uses an infrared (IR) camera
As a result the first nine months that projects and analyses more than
ended for DMASS members – which 30,000 invisible dots to create a depth
represents between 80% and 85% of map of a face, employing machine
European semiconductor total available learning to adapt to physical changes in
market – up 15.6% to €6.48bn. appearance. The camera is supplied by
Georg Steinberger, chairman of Sony/Foxconn, and the silicon by ST.
DMASS, said: “It seems that at least in The flood illuminator is an IR emitter
2017 the dynamics of growth across the from Texas Instruments on top of an
board are unbroken. We are certainly Strong third quarter European demand for semiconductors was not replicated in the UK ASIC and single-photon avalanche
in for a record year already. Newer diode (SPAD) detector from ST.
designs in fields like IoT or e-mobility Finisar and Philips manufacture the dot
will see higher components content, so just ahead of France at 12.2% to On the product side, sales of projector. IHS Markit puts the BoM
the future looks rather positive from a €142m. analogue components increased by cost for the TrueDepth sensor cluster at
sales and volume perspective.” “We do not see big changes in the 18.5%, microcontrollers by 15.8%, and $16.70.
Europe’s largest market – Germany regional trends compared to previous power ICs by 24.6% The 5.85-inch 19.5:9 aspect ratio
– grew by 19.7% to €681m. Eastern quarters, except for the fact that Memory sales, mainly driven by AMOLED panel with a Force Touch
Europe grew by 25% to €324m. Germany seems to bounce back nicely, demand for DRAM, increased by sensor beneath the polarizer film is the
Some way behind, the UK/Eire after a slower start into the year than 22.9% and programmable logic was up longest aspect ratio of any phone on the
market saw growth of 12.8% to €151m, other areas in Europe,” said Steinberger. by 13%. market.

DON’T MISS THESE…

15 2035 3GPP “
The IoT needs
to be both
trusted and
invisible
Number of minutes Honda hopes The year by which AI could Reference values should be As the internet of things continues
will be needed to charge an generate £630bn for the UK, checked with third-generation to grow its environmental impact
electric car by 2022 according to a government report partnership project standards needs to be contained
PAGE 6 PAGE 16 PAGE 18 PAGE 24

www.electronicsweekly.com | 15 November 2017 3

NEWS

NEWS IN BRIEF
Broadcom bids to buy
Qualcomm for $130bn
AMS has announced a configurable
capacitive sensing front-end which allows
speed and resolution to be traded to
optimise designs. Called PCap04, it can
capture and digitise 50,000 times per
second at its fastest setting, or achieve
8aF resolution at its most sensitive.
“Configurability also enables sensor
manufacturers to trade measurement
speed off against power consumption. Broadcom offers $70 per share for Qualcomm, whether or not it succeeds in its plan to buy NXP
In low-power mode, it draws as little as
4µA,” said the firm. “AMS has developed
a demonstration board with no external DAVID MANNERS Broadcom HQ
power supply, in which the PCap04
operates on the energy harvested from the Broadcom has made its expected bid
RF field generated by an NFC reader.”
for Qualcomm with a $70 per share bid
that is 28% more than the price before
Estonia shows that the number of Broadcom’s interest became known.
e-Residency applications now exceeds the Broadcom says the offer stands whether
yearly number of births in the country.
or not Qualcomm buys NXP, for which
There were 10,269 births in the year to
November 2017, compared with 11,096 Qualcomm will pay $37bn.
e-Residency applications. “We’ve seen the “Broadcom’s proposal is compelling
initiative’s popularity grow steadily since for stockholders and stakeholders in
launch,” said Kaspar Korjus, programme
both companies,” said Broadcom CEO
lead for e-Residency. “It offers the freedom
for every world citizen to easily start and Hock Tan. “Our proposal provides
run a global EU company from anywhere Qualcomm stockholders with a
in the world, and as of October 2017, our substantial and immediate premium enable Broadcom to “deliver more BofA Merrill Lynch, Citi, Deutsche
e-Residents own over 4,000 enterprises,”
in cash for their shares, as well as the advanced semiconductor solutions”, Bank, JP Morgan and Morgan Stanley
Korjus said.
opportunity to participate in the upside while pleasing shareholders. have advised Broadcom in writing
potential of the combined company. “Qualcomm will be best positioned that they will be able to arrange the
A company called 3devised is working “This will position the combined to build on its legacy of innovation necessary debt financing for the
on a high-resolution 3D printer that
company as a global communications and invention,” said Tan. “We believe purchase. Silver Lake Partners, which
occupies only 155x155x290mm but can
print 85.4x48x130mm. Called Pluto, it leader with an impressive portfolio of that Qualcomm and Broadcom has served as a strategic partner to
uses stereolithography, with a liquid print technologies and products,” said Tan, employees will benefit from substantial Broadcom in other transactions, has
medium which polymerises to a solid suggesting that increased scale and opportunities for growth and committed to offer $5bn convertible
under the influence of ultra-violet light.
broader product diversification would development,” he added. debt financing.
The light comes from a 5W UV led, steered
by many tiny micro-machined mirrors on
a single chip (from Texas Instruments) in a
digital light projector.

Marvell is reported to be in ‘advanced

talks’ to buy Cavium. The price is said to
be around $14bn. Cavium has a market
Auto is fastest growing IC market
cap of around $4.5bn; Marvell’s market cap
Automotive electronic system sales Automotive electronics is growing electronic system production has
is $9bn. Last year, Cavium lost $146m on
sales of $603m and Marvell lost $811m on will have a CAGR of 5.4% from 2016 as technology becomes more widely increased only incrementally through
sales of $2.7bn. through 2021, according to IC Insights. available on mid-range and entry-level the years, and is forecast to show only
This will make auto the fastest growing cars and as consumers purchase marginal gains as a percentage of total
of the six major electronics systems technology-based aftermarket products. electronic systems market through to
A Royal Air Force chief technician
turned businessman, Ian White, has markets. For semiconductor suppliers, this is 2021, when automotive electronics are
opened an RF testing facility in South Demand for electronic systems good news as analogue ICs, MCUs, and forecast to account for 9.8% of global
Yorkshire. His 10-year-old firm Gaddon in new cars is increasing, with a large number of sensors are required electronic systems sales.
has already worked for the Ministry of
attention focused on self-driving for such systems. Though many electronics systems
Defence. A new workshop at Hoyle Mill
in Penistone near Barnsley will conduct vehicles, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) The automotive segment is expected are being added to new cars, IC Insights
general RF and electronic repairs and can and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) to account for an estimated 9.1% of the said pricing pressures on both ICs
be hired out as a test facility by companies communications, as well as on-board $1.49tn worldwide electronic systems and systems will prevent automotive
that design equipment with RF and Wi-Fi
safety, convenience, and environmental market in 2017, a slight increase from applications accounting for much more
capabilities. The new location was chosen
for its absence of external RF interference. features, and growing interest in electric 8.9% in 2015, and 9.0% in 2016. than its current share of electronic
powered vehicles. Automotive’s share of global systems in the forecast period.

4 15 November 2017 | www.electronicsweekly.com

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NEWS

Imec to build organs-on-chips

Six European research institutions make up an initiative involving microelectronics, microfluidics and nanosensors

DAVE MANNERS making processes that will direct

future European developments in
Imec has joined Orchid, a European organ-on-chip applications.
initiative that will establish a European An essential contribution of
infrastructure to enable coordinated Orchid will be the establishment
development, production and of a digital platform, which will
implementation of organs-on-chips by enable knowledge-sharing between
a consortium of academic and private researchers and representatives
partners. of private corporations including
Six European research institutions insurance companies, pharmaceutical
are involved: Leiden University and biotech companies, the food
Medical Centre; Organ-on-Chip industry, health foundations and patient
consortium hDMT; Fraunhofer; CEA; organisations.
Imec; and the University of Zaragoza The Orchid platform will provide

Fraunhofer IGB
Organs-on-chips combine human overviews and updates of current
mini-organs with microelectronics, and new organ-on-chip initiatives so
microfluidics and nanosensors. that users can track progress easily,
This technology is already providing A microphysiological organ-on-a-chip system offers an alternative to animal testing consult developers directly and identify
new platforms for drug discovery gaps in present knowledge that limit
but is poised to deliver applications implementation.
in personalised medicine and safety Orchid will facilitate dialogue and this technology by a broad group of Orchid will also address ethical
pharmacology, and offers alternatives documentation towards accelerating potential users in science, health care and regulatory issues, particularly
to conventional animal testing. the development of prototypes of and industry. concerning personalised information,
Over the next two years, the EU will organs-on-chips, validated cell systems Orchid will build an infrastructure economic and societal impact, training
invest €0.5m in the ORgan-on-CHip In that mimic diseased or healthy human for scientists, policy makers, funders of researchers, and the design of an
Development (Orchid) project. tissue and the implementation of and end-users to join the decision- R&D ‘roadmap’.

Intel and AMD to take on Nvidia Honda looks to 15-minute

AMD has announced that an AMD
GPU will be integrated into a
multi-chip processor package
high-performance graphics,” said
AMD’s Scott Herkelman.
“Together, we are offering
electric car charge by 2022
containing an Intel gamers and content In five years’ time, Honda hopes at least half an hour to reach an 80%
CPU. creators to have a car that will charge in 15 charge rate.
The the oppor- minutes, according to The Nikkei. Honda’s plan is to launch, in 2022,
Intel CPU tunity Currently, even using high-speed cars that can travel 240km on a
is a Core-H to have chargers, electric vehicles (EVs) take 15-minute charge.
and the a thinner Japanese fast chargers deliver 150kW.
GPU an AMD and lighter PC There are plans to raise that to 350kW
semi-custom Radeon capable of delivering starting in 2020.
device. discrete performance-tier According to Fuji Keizai, a Japanese
The collaboration is being graphics experiences in AAA games research company, there were 470,000
interpreted as a way for Intel and AMD and content creation applications. EVs in the world last year representing
to counteract the increasing success of This new semi-custom GPU puts 0.5% of the total number of vehicles.
Nvidia’s GPUs. the performance and capabilities of Fuji Keizai expects the proportion of
“Our collaboration with Intel Radeon graphics into the hands of an EVs to be 4.6% by 2035.
expands the installed base for expanded set of enthusiasts who want The UK and France have said
AMD Radeon GPUs and brings to the best visual experience possible,” they will ban new cars with internal
market a differentiated solution for he added. combustion engines from 2040.

6 15 November 2017 | www.electronicsweekly.com

 6 December
Grosvenor House Hotel London

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ELEKTRA

Elektra 2017: have your say

Two Elektra Award categories will be decided by Electronics Weekly readers – this is your chance to help choose the winners

University Research Award sponsored by RS Components

Visitors to the Electronics Weekly website are invited to researchers at Glasgow cools superconducting sensors
to choose the university research project which they the University Researchers from the University of Glasgow and the
feel will make the largest impact on the commercial of Cambridge STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory say they have
market in the next five years. A shortlist of five has and the Hitachi developed a supercooled detector platform capable of
been selected by the editor. Cambridge detecting single photons.
Laboratory. It uses a new form of cooling technology
Bristol cuts sensor power stand-by to ‘zero’ “Most ink developed for space astronomy, but which
Engineers at the University of Bristol have developed jet printers push the ink through the nozzle by could allow
a three-terminal pico-power heating or applying pressure, producing ink droplets superconducting
chip that can cut stand- about the size of the diameter of a human hair,” detectors to be used
by drain in sensor said Dr Vincenzo Pecunia, now at the University’s in cancer treatments,
nodes. Cavendish Laboratory. driverless cars and
It replaces the practical quantum
low duty-cycle Edinburgh researchers build a futuristic communications.
sleep-wake-sleep pattern used Hyperloop transporter
on MCU-based sensor monitors, Edinburgh University is attempting to design Imperial College London goes back to 16th century
with ‘off’. A voltage detector powered by the sensor and build a version of the Hyperloop futuristic Researchers at Imperial College London have applied
– there is no other power source – then starts the transportation system. optical measurement technology used in solar panels
processor when the sensor produces a voltage. The university’s Hyperloop team – also known as to evaluate the materials used in a gauntlet from a
‘HypED’ – is one of only four teams from Europe 16th-century suit of armour.
Cambridge prints photonic structures with ink jet that will compete as a finalist in the SpaceX Pod The gauntlet is part of the Wallace Collection and
Advances in ink jet printing have allowed Competition, which is being organised by California- conservators wanted to investigate a surface effect
photonically active structures to be printed, according based aerospace manufacturer SpaceX. applied to the metalwork in swords and armour.

Consumer Product Innovation of the Year sponsored by Avnet

Visitors to the Electronics Weekly website are invited concept that can deliver a applications needing data
to select the Consumer Electronic Product Innovation package straight to the hands security. SG6 delivers up to 550
which they feel makes the most inspirational use of of its recipient, no matter MB/s sequential read and 535
technology, from a shortlist selected by the editor.
where their location. MB/s sequential write, and up to
100,000 and 85,000 random read/
Google voice recognition kit for Raspberry Pi QuadBot supports robotics makers write IOPS delivering enhanced
The search giant is QuadBot was created so that anyone can get into application performance.
launching AIY Projects, making robotics.
which it describes as Designed to be Ultrahaptics touchless car control
do-it-yourself artificial engaging and fun The Ultrahaptics solution offers drivers the
intelligence for makers. to programme, it’s reassurance that their hands are in the right area for
They say it’s to fill the open source and a gesture to be recognised and receive an immediate
gap for makers who loaded with complex haptic response to an instruction. This makes driving
are interested in using artificial intelligence in their algorithms, making it ideal for newbie makers, safer as it avoids accidental cancellation of the
projects but don’t know where to begin. aspiring roboticists and veteran hackers. command or the
need for drivers
Cambridge Consultants personal drone delivery Toshiba TeraByte SSD to take their eyes
Reimagining the future of on-demand deliveries, Toshiba is sampling a TeraByte SSD based on off the road and
product design and development firm Cambridge 64-layer, TLC 3D NAND flash for mainstream check the display
Consultants has developed DelivAir, a drone delivery desktops and notebooks, consumer upgrades and visually.

Vote now at www.electronicsweekly.com

8 15 November 2017 | www.electronicsweekly.com
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NEWS PRODUCTS

PICK OF THE PRODUCTS

Quick Charge 4 Class A for phone chargers

For developing mobile device chargers to the synchronous rectification driver; then Weltrend
Qualcomm Quick Charge 4 Class A standard, provides the WT6615F programmable protocol
Diodes and Weltrend Semiconductor have decoder for Quick Charge and USB PD, which is
announced a 27W reference design. certified by GRL.
Diodes “recognised Weltrend’s core As well as Quick Charge 4 Class A (18W-27W),
competency in MCU-based power the design provides optional Quick Charge 2.0 and
management applications” and its market Quick Charge 3.0 compliance to support the Quick
position in protocol decoding products Charge 4 programme.
for quick charging, which led to a partnership for supports USB power delivery and programmable It provides support for USB PD 3.0 and PPS,
developing a reference design. power supply. including PDO at 5V and 9V, ADPO from 3V-11V
“Quick Charge 4 is the latest fast-charging The charger design meets Energy Star DOE VI and in 20mV steps, and current from 0A to 3A in
specification from Qualcomm, offering up to 20% CoC Tier II efficiency requirements. It uses Diodes’ 50mA steps.
faster charging, up to 30% greater efficiency, and AP3302 peak-current control, quasi-resonant PWM Safety management includes monitoring of
running 5% cooler when compared to Quick Charge controller, which is optimised for off-line fly-back voltage, current and temperature, with reporting and
3.0,” said Diodes division manager Ernest Lin. It also conversion, and its APR345 secondary-side mosfet protection.

Green Hills adds to secure

program RTOS support for Xilinx Zynq
devices
Green Hills Software is supporting Optimising Compilers and 64-bit
secure system development on the toolchain, profiler, Multicore
test PCB Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC from Xilinx run-control and real-time trace

assemblies
with its Integrity real-time operating debugging with the Green HiIls
system (RTOS) and supporting tools. Probe and SuperTrace Probe utilising
Zynq UltraScale+ integrates CoreSight from ARM.
64-bit ARM Cortex-A53 processor There is also the Embedded
complete cores and an FPGA fabric, which Cryptographic Toolkit with FIPS

production is being used in applications for

automotive intelligence, industrial
140-2-compliant services that secure
embedded devices through secure
solutions vision and defence. boot, secure data storage, secure
The secure RTOS allows software networks (SSL, TSL, IPSec, SSH)
of different levels of criticality to run and digitally signed secure OTA
on the same processor. firmware updates.
There are plans to offer the option “Our customers are already
of the Integrity Multivisor secure using Green Hills solutions for
virtualisation extension to run guest the UltraScale+ MPSoC,” said
operating systems such as Linux Simon George, director embedded
and Android alongside real-time software marketing at Xilinx.
critical applications requiring safety “The complementary strengths of

..we boundary-scan and security.

Design support for Zynq also
UltraScale+ MPSoC and Integrity are
perfect for demanding applications
01234 831212 www.jtag.com sales@jtag.co.uk includes the MULTI 64-bit IDE in next-generation ADAS, industrial
and debugger, Green Hills C/C++ vision and defence applications.”

10 15 November 2017 | www.electronicsweekly.com

 PRODUCTS NEWS

40A current sense transformers

Current sense transformers are qualified to AEC-Q200 Grade 1, operating to 40A, and will find application in automotive designs

STEVE BUSH CST2020. Available in four turns ratios, AEC-Q200 Grade 1 (-40°C to “Other applications include aerospace
1:70, 1:100, 1:200 and 1:300, they are +125°C) qualification means they are power management, three-phase solar
Coilcraft has introduced a series of intended to provide output feedback for suitable for automotive applications inverters, industrial motor controls
current sense transformers, operating up load current measurement and control such as measurement in traction motor and other applications requiring high
to 40A over 400Hz to 1MHz, and offering in switching power supplies, over-load and battery management systems, the isolation between the sense and output
4,000Vrms isolation voltage between protection and short-circuit protection. company said. windings,” said the firm.
the sense and output windings, using
insulation reinforced to UL 60950-1.
To minimise power loss, the resistance #include<iostream.h>
of the sense coil is very low: 840μΩ #include<conio.h>
in all versions of the series, dubbed
class student

SEE IT.
{
protected:
int rno,m1,m2;
public:
void get()
{
cout<<”Enter the Roll no :”;

SOLVE IT.
cin>>rno;
cout<<”Enter the two marks :
cin>>m1>>m2;
}
};
class sports
{
protected:
int sm; // sm = Sports mark
public:

800A resistor gets {

void getsm()

PCB mount holes cout<<”\nEnter the sports mark :”;

cin>>sm;

}
Vishay has added tapped holes to };
some of its high-current shunt resistors class statement:public student,public sports
to aid PCB and wire mounting. {
int tot,avg;
WSBS8518...M3 and WSBS8518...M4 public:
are 36W battery shunt resistors featuring void display()
M3 and M4 tapped holes respectively. {
tot=(m1+m2+sm);
The resistors are 85x18x3mm. avg=tot/3;
With resistance values down to 50µΩ, cout<<”\n\n\tRoll No : “<<rno<<”\n\tTot
Vishay markets them as a more accurate, “<<tot;
cout<<”\n\tAverage : “<<avg;
lower-cost alternative to Hall effect }
sensing “while their tapped holes aid in };
PCB mounting, provide extra support
against vibration, and offer a location to Integrate hardware. Visualise data. Accelerate engineering.
attach voltage sense pins”, said the firm.
Reduce the time you need to visualise, create, and code engineering
Values of 50µΩ, 100µΩ, 125µΩ,
systems by using LabVIEW graphical programming to gain rapid access
and 250µΩ are available, from a
solid metal manganese-copper alloy to hardware and data insights. Take advantage of a worldwide network of

resistive element with ±20ppm/°C developers and discover why LabVIEW is the most productive tool for you.
temperature coefficient and a welded
terminal-to-element connection that See how at ni.com/labview
allows for up to 848A of continuous
current (resistance dependent).
©2017 National Instruments. All rights reserved. LabVIEW, National Instruments, NI, and ni.com are trademarks of National Instruments. Other product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies. 29170
Inductance is <5nH and thermal EMF
can be as low as <3µV/°C.
29170_LabVIEW_Ad_153.5x182mm_ENG.indd 1 13/10/2017 16:48

www.electronicsweekly.com | 15 November 2017 11

 NEWS PRODUCTS

Scopes get CXPI

automotive Keyboard is Surface-mount
SCR for 150oC
serial bus
dishwashable
Littelfuse says it can supply a silicon
controlled rectifier (SCR) thyristor

analysis option circuit protection device with a junction

temperature of 150°C in a surface
mount package.
Yokogawa has added a CXPI serial The SJ series thyristors have a low
Medical keyboard and mouse are dishwasher safe for use in
bus analysis to the range of options on gate current trigger level of 6mA or
its DLM2000 and DLM4000 series
medical systems, food processing and semiconductor manufacturing 15mA maximum at approximately 1.5V.
mixed-signal oscilloscopes. The most sensitive devices
CXPI (clock extension peripheral STEVE BUSH feature a gate trigger current of less
interface) is an automotive serial than 200μA, the typical level for
bus interface that can be used as Dishwasher-safe keyboards that are sense coils, proximity switches and
an alternative to the established anti-microbial and easy to clean are microprocessors.
CAN and LIN buses for in-vehicle available from Diamond Electronics, “Despite the device’s compact
communications. Its attractions are and there are matching mouses to go D-PAK and V-PAK footprints, its high
lower power consumption through with them. junction temperature of 150°C allows
electronic control and its use of They are intended for clinical and for performance comparable to that of
lightweight wiring harnesses. home use in medical systems, clean SCR thyristors in larger TO-220AB and
When equipped with the CXPI industrial applications, food processing, TO-263 packages because it has a wider
option, the DLM scopes will decode semiconductor manufacturing, operating margin,” said Littelfuse’s
and display CXPI frames in real time. laboratories, point-of-sale systems and business development manager,
An auto setup feature can be used to public areas. Koichiro Yoshimoto.
analyse the input signals, and set the The iMTC range is sealed and Typical applications for these circuit
time and voltage axes automatically waterproof to IP68, and meets medical protection devices could include:
along with various trigger settings approval EN60601-1-2. battery voltage regulators, converters
such as threshold levels, bit rates and The anti-microbial coating is nano and inrush current limiting circuits in
trigger type. It will then display the silver or ionic silver. “Public, medical and industrial HMI AC-DC converters.
decoded result. Options include full QWERTY systems are now required to limit the They could also find uses in
CXPI was standardised in 2015 keyboard, with either number pad or transfer of contamination or disease,” controls for power tools, home/brown
under SAE J3076 as a communications tracker pad; small footprint keyboards said Diamond sales director Peter Hall. goods (consumer electronics such
bus for diverse automotive applications. with integral pointing device; number “Applications in medical electronics, as televisions, radios, digital media
The bus uses pulse-width modulation pad with pointing device; and mouse home, office, retail and environmentally players, and computers) and white
to transmit data over a single wire at with touch-scroll. controlled industrial applications goods/appliances.
20kbit/s. The characters used are based Optional adjustable back-lighting, continue to grow and our new sealed SJ Series (SJxx04x, SJxx06x,
on UART. and keyboard on/off switch are and washable keyboards provide easy SJxx08x, SJxx10x and SJxx12xx) SCR
CXPI has the CSMA/CR system available, while connection is via a and familiar control and data input Thyristors are available in a choice of
built into the polling system of LIN. USB cable or wireless link. HMI solution.” D-PAK and V-PAK packages.

170224_SUPR_EW_UK_QtrPage.indd 1 2/23/17 4:05 PM

 PRODUCTS NEWS

EMC pre-compliance
testing for USB scope
TiePie adds EMC pre-compliance testing kit to USB including E and H probes

Above: TiePie scope measures total

0-500MHz spectrum, three magnified
sections of it, total time domain signal, and
one magnified portion of that.
Right: Oscilloscope, probe cable and tripod

STEVE BUSH allowing a lot of detail to be extracted – a frequency axis. Averaging and max hold
total of 67,108,864 spectral components. history can be cleared manually to start a
Netherlands-based TiePie is getting into “When your display is 1,920 pixels new measurement.
EMI pre-compliance testing with a kit wide, you require 34,952 displays Amplitude unit can be dB, dBv,
based on its Handyscope HS6 DIFF to show the full spectrum 1:1,” said dBmV, dBµV, dBµV (at 10m) and
1Gsample/s 14-bit quad differential TiePie. “And 34,952 displays with a dBm. Amplitude range can be set
channel USB oscilloscope. width of 50cm each gives a total display to: 1-100dBµV, 20-120dBµV or
Called Handyscope HS6 width of 17.47km – so, if you zoom in 40-140dBµV. “For accurate amplitude
DIFF-1000XMESG, the supplied 35,000 times, you will get the spectral measurement, a flat top window is used
TP-EMI-HS6 probe set contains three components 1:1 on your display. That is by default. Besides the flat top window,
magnetic field (H field) probes and one exceptional for an EMI analyser.” a range of eight other windows can be
electric field (E field) probe, plus a tripod Dynamic range is 140dB, and selected from,” said the firm.
to position the probes correctly relative standard limit lines according to The set-up can also be used as a
to the object under test. EN61326-1:2006/EN55011:2007 can normal spectrum analyser, and with a
The EMI analyser software has a be switched on or off. The resolution biconical antenna or combilog antenna
multi-window option where the total bandwidth and frequency range can be (neither in kit), a spectrum of 10MHz to
spectrum or a selected part of the selected individually. 500MHz can be measured.
spectrum is simultaneously shown in The device has three operating modes. The Handyscope HS6
each window. “This gives the user a Normal mode displays the spectrum DIFF-1000XMESG EMI analyser
better understanding of the signals that of the source trace; averaging mode is consists of a Handyscope HS6
are analysed,” said the firm. effective in reducing the noise of the DIFF-1000 with option E installed.
“Besides the spectrum, also a time signal, to see more of the harmonic or Option E also includes the EMI
domain signal is visible, allowing users carrier detail. You can select the number probe set TP-EMI-HS6 in a carrying
to analyse the signal shape at the same of spectra to be averaged. case – three sizes of H field probes and
time. The multi-display option is also Max hold displays the maximum level an E field probe. A short, semi-flexible
available for the time domain signal.” that the signal reaches and is useful for antenna cable, a long flexible antenna
The device has a resolution bandwidth frequency measurements where it shows cable and a grounded 50Ω terminator
of up to 7.45Hz at 500MHz span, the history of peak values across the are included.

www.electronicsweekly.com | 15 November 2017 13

COMMENT

ElectronicsWeekly
6th Floor, Davis House, 2 Robert
Street, Croydon CR0 1QQ, England.
www.electronicsweekly.com JOSH BROOKS, EDITOR & PUBLISHER
Email addresses name.surname@

Tech investors show their

metropolis.co.uk

EDITORIAL:
020 8253 8671
josh.brooks@metropolis.co.uk

faith in London and UK

Editor & publisher:
Josh Brooks, 020 8253 8657
Components editor:
David Manners, 020 8253 8664
Technology editor:
Steve Bush, 020 8253 8665
Web editor:
Alun Williams, 020 8253 8666  The UK says ‘Show me the money,’ and Silicon Valley tech investors line up to buy in
Production editor:
Sue Proud, 020 8253 8667 Amid all the concern about foreign ownership and Partners, the publicity office of the London
Editorial assistant: of UK plc, the shape that post-Brexit Britain Mayor Sadiq Khan, so we would expect them
Alison Noble, 020 8253 8671
Consultant editor: will take and the chaos that seems to reign to take a positive view – indeed, London
Richard Wilson supreme in government, it’s comforting to sucked in about $2.5bn of the UK’s $2.9bn.
richard.wilson@metropolis.co.uk know that there’s still a beacon of hope for the London has created the highest number
ADVERTISING UK – and that is our technology sector. of unicorns in that time too, the latest being
Commercial director: A report out early this month claimed that the VR business Improbable, takeaway delivery
Steven Ray, 020 8253 8652
Senior account manager: UK is currently the most attractive destination service Deliveroo and online estate agent
Hara Tsakona, 020 8253 8649 in Europe for Silicon Valley investors, with a Purple Bricks. These may not be electronics
Senior account manager: record $1.13bn raised by UK tech firms from businesses, but alongside big investments
Ninica Hussain, 020 8253 8651
Senior production designer: Bay area sponsors since the start of 2017. Over in UK facilities from the likes of Google
Victoria Heath, 020 8253 8655 the past five years, the UK also tops the league and Amazon, or the buy-outs and promised
Recruitment manager:
Mohamed Shaikh, 020 8253 8690 table of European countries attracting Silicon expansion of Imagination and Arm, it looks like
Ad ops executive: Valley venture capital – the $2.9bn injected the tech world is far more optimistic about the
Helen Simpson, 020 8253 8635 into UK tech eclipses second-placed Sweden’s UK’s near- and long-term future than sectors
Managing director:
Nick Stimpson, 020 8253 8695 $1.5bn, France’s $836m and Germany’s $763m that are feeling a stronger Brexit pinch. And, as
in the same period. we approach the end of another turbulent year,
CIRCULATION: UK SUBSCRIPTIONS
One year UK £102; Europe £133. Rest of the
Admittedly these figures come from London that’s something to feel good about.
world £165; USA £140; and Canada £152.
Remittance required with subscription order
to Electronics Weekly Subscriptions, Abacus
e-Media, email: metropolis@abacusemedia.
com. Apply for a free copy at:
www.electronicsweekly.com
IN PICTURES
Registered at the Post Office as a newspaper. High-end human body motion-sensing
ISSN 0013-5224. Electronics Weekly is technology could become widely available,
published by Metropolis Business Media (part
following the purchase of Dutch motion
of Metropolis International Group Ltd, address
above). BPA audited. Electronics Weekly is a tracking firm Xsens by California MEMS
trademark of Metropolis International Group accelerometer maker mCube. Xsens
Ltd. technology is used by computer games
companies, film makers and clinicians to
accurately track the movement of limbs and
other major body parts. For example, it is
used to record the movements of human
actors for transfer to animated films or to
action games. It is also used by car makers
to assess the ease with which people enter
and leave vehicles, and in the training of
athletes.

14 15 November 2017 | www.electronicsweekly.com

 ANALYSIS

MANNERISMS
TOP TWEETS

Last hurrah for memory giants Announcing Arduino

Create support for
Intel-based platforms and the UP
 This year is expected to be a great one for semiconductor growth, however, it won’t last Squared Grove
#IoT Development Kit
http://intel.ly/2h65457
It looks like a banner year for the chip Memory has, of course, gone is forecast to grow 74% and the NAND @IntelSoftware
market, but could it mark the start of bananas. But, excluding memory, IC market 44%. That doesn’t say much for
a downturn? Insights forecasts 9% dollar growth in unit demand. UK well-placed in
2017, which is bang on trend. The sole reason for the 22% #smallsat sector, thx to
IC units are forecast to increase by increase in the IC market this year sustainable ecosystem covering
14%, which is better than the long-term and the 20% increase in the overall manufacturing, launch, data &
unit CAGR of 10%, but not sensational. semiconductor market is the constrained applications
Last year the overall semiconductor supply of memory.
https://sa.catapult.org.uk/news-
events-gallery/news/second-
market, including memory, grew 12.3% While the resulting high prices are
smallsat-market-intelligence-
in dollar terms. giving the three big DRAM suppliers
report
This year, including memory, it is and the four big NAND suppliers a @SatAppsCatapult
forecast to grow 20%. And this in a bonanza, looming out there on the
year when DRAM ASP is expected to Eastern horizon are the huge new
PowerVR 2NX Neural
grow 77% and NAND ASP is expected memory fabs of China.
Network Accelerator IP
to grow 38%. For today’s memory giants, this massively increases capability of
But meanwhile, the DRAM market could be their last hurrah. low-power embedded processors
http://ow.ly/8BKn30gph1S
#IoT #AI
@WilliamMarshal1
GADGET MASTER
DevDuino is a U-shaped,
Arduino-compatible board

Building an Arduino lie detector test http://kck.st/2xKtnfm

@arduino

Our scale-up programme

This one caught my eye – an “We start by connecting
with @PwC_UK can
Arduino-based lie detector our Arduino to the subject
introduce you to industry leaders
that can measure the skin’s and then connect the Arduino & help finance your health sector
response to a question. to a computer with the scale-up.
At the heart of this project graphing software. The data @DigiCatapult
is an Arduino Nano, based from the Arduino will be
on the Atmel ATmega328 transmitted to processing
(for the Nano 3.0) or software where a visual will
ATmega168 (Arduino appear.”
Nano 2.x). The parts list for
Basically, using a finger Baskaran’s lie detector Read all about it
clip, an analogue input is project is:
Keep up to date with all our
sampled and, depending  Arduino Nano R3
blogs at Electronicsweekly.com
on the level detected, one  2k resistor
of three coloured lights  5mm Led: Yellow
is triggered. It’s based on  5mm Led: Red Join the discussion
electrodermal activity, apparently. didn’t know that our skin changes  5mm Led: Green @ElectronicsNews
The ingenous device is made by conductivity depending on many  cable #ElectronicsNews
the Gadget Master Adaline Baskaran, different things, one being our mood.  breadboard
/ElectronicsWeekly
who writes: “Our skin is amazing. It “It’s called electrodermal activity  mounting board
provides a medium for us to experience (EDA). The basics are that our skin  aluminium foil
Electronics Weekly Group
the sense of touch, it keeps infections changes its conductivity depending on You can read the full project on the
out and keeps innards in, but I bet you how we feel. Arduino blog, at bit.ly/2zhmJRV

www.electronicsweekly.com | 15 November 2017 15

COMMENT BLOGS

RICHARD WILSON

Will AI be more than a marketing tool?

 The government thinks there’s more to AI, like improving public services and boosting productivity

Artificial intelligence (AI) may be one of the most interesting AI is already being used in medical research. For example,
developments in computing in recent years. But can we be Fujitsu in Japan is using it to more accurately identify the
certain its impressive capabilities will give us what we really tumours on CT scans by making use of historical use data.
want? Do we want AI to be used by garages and shops to help GlaxoSmithKline is using AI for drug development.
them make a sale by targeting their products at our individual A report on the issue, Growing the artificial intelligence
needs or susceptibilities? industry in the UK, was recently published by the
It is now recognised that the application of AI is just as departments for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
likely to be in marketing as in engineering. and for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport as part of the
When AI was first dreamed up and then implemented with government’s industrial strategy. It concluded that AI’s
much investment and R&D effort, I imagined that this form ability to record patterns of behaviour will be used to provide

“
of computing technology could be used for systems of real personal shopping recommendations as well as to help
value to society. Medical diagnosis and robotic surgery could children to learn and teachers to provide more personalised
benefit from AI, for example. education programmes. The capacity
How naive I was. I should have realised that the AI can be used to “boost productivity and make better
capabilities of AI to shape human thoughts would be adopted products and services, including public services”, said the
of artificial
in a heart-beat by the retail sector to make it easier to sell report. It also concluded that AI could generate £630bn intelligence to
things to us. for the UK economy by 2035. Such a big number makes it shape human
And with electronics systems controlling much of what a inevitable that a large part of AI’s market potential will be
car does and how it connects with the outside world, it is now seen to be in transforming commercial business as much as
thoughts will
possible to create large amounts of data about drivers and changing scientific research. be adopted in a
their driving patterns. Data analysts are using AI to process So important is AI to wider commercial business that the heart-beat by the
this data and to turn it into useful and valuable information. UK’s largest business representative body, the CBI, recently
This could be used for safer car design, but it can also be called on the government to bring business and employee
retail sector to
used to help car dealers make us more likely to buy particular representatives and academics together to investigate and make it easier to
vehicles. The danger is that this and similar uses in the retail recommend how it can best be exploited. sell things to us
sector could taint our impression of the true usefulness of AI.  Consultant editor Richard Wilson writes a regular column for
This would be a mistake. Electronics Weekly

DISTRIBUTION WORLD

VMware makes cloud commitment to open source Linux

VMware, the cloud infrastructure The Linux Foundation, which has Jim Zemlin, executive director of
firm, is making a commitment to open 800 members, supports the open the Linux Foundation, said: “This
source by deepening its membership of source software community from accentuates the importance of open
the Linux Foundation. the Linux kernel to cloud-native source to VMware. The community
The company’s open source applications to network function will benefit from increased
contributions include support for virtualisation for service providers. opportunities to collaborate with the
Linux Foundation projects such as the Dirk Hohndel, chief open source company, particularly in important
Open Network Automation Platform, officer at the company, said: “VMware fields like cloud computing.”
Cloud Foundry, Open Container actively participates in and contributes AT&T, Cisco, Fujitsu, Hitachi,
Initiative, Open vSwitch, Cloud to all of these areas, so upgrading our Huawei, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC,
Native Computing Foundation, EdgeX sponsorship of the Linux Foundation Oracle, Qualcomm and Samsung are
Foundry and IO Visor, as well as to the highest tier is a logical extension also Platinum members of the Linux
projects such as OpenStack. Hohndel: ‘Upgrade is a logical extension’ of our ongoing work in these projects.” Foundation.

16 15 November 2017 | www.electronicsweekly.com

 Motor Control and Drive

Motor Control and Drive Design Solutions

www.microchip.com/motorEU
 Motor Control and Drive Solutions

Microchip's Motor Control and Drive Solutions

Electric motors are estimated to consume around 45% of all electricity in the world today according to International Energy
Agency (IEA). Electric motors are everywhere—in your washer, dryer, refrigerator, car, fan, pumps, air conditioner, etc. They make
our lives easier, so it is important that they run as efficiently as possible.

Microchip provides products and solutions (hardware and software) to address the many different motor types, including brushed
DC, stepper, brushless DC, permanent magnet synchronous, AC induction and switched reluctance motors. You can shorten your
development cycle by using our free motor control software with application notes and tuning guides. Our scalable motor control
development tools promote rapid prototyping for low-voltage and high-voltage systems including dual motor control options.

Microchip’s PIC® Microcontrollers (MCUs), dsPIC® Digital Signal Controllers (DSCs) and SAM Cortex® series devices contain
innovative motor control PWM peripherals including complimentary waveforms and dedicated time base. For applications that
require variable speed with constant torque and field-oriented control for greater efficiency, the high-performance PIC32MK and
dsPIC DSC core devices includes DSP instructions for more precise control.

Our single-chip motor control and motor drive solutions enable simpler designs and decrease board space, and are often used as
companion chips with PIC MCUs, dsPIC DSCs and ARM® based MCUs.

Benefits

Silicon Solutions Algorithms Reference Designs Technical Support

• Cost competitive • ACIM/BLDC/PMSM and GUI Tools • Web design center
• Superior architecture • Brush DC/stepper • Application note library • Webinars
• Large compatible • Sensor/sensorless with code • Regional training
family control • Low-cost center classes
• Field-oriented control development tools • Motor control experts
• Power factor • Software GUIs for
correction motor tuning
• Real-time motor
parameter updates

Need Design Assistance? MOTOR CONTROL

Microchip's Worldwide Design Partner network provides a channel between our autho-
rized Design Partners and customers in need of technical expertise and cost-effective
solutions in a timely manner. Visit www.microchip.com/partners for a directory of third-
party consultants and designers that can help with your motor control application.

2 www.microchip.com/motor
 Brushed DC Motors

Brushed DC Motor Control

Brushed DC (BDC) motors get their name from the "brushes"
used for commutation. Brushed DC motors are easy to control
because speed and torque are proportional to the applied
voltage/current. The rotor is heavy due to windings on the
armature; more inertia makes it more difficult to start/stop. Heat is
generated in windings on the rotor and is difficult to remove.

Key Characteristics of Brushed DC Motors

• Good controllability: on/off, proportional
VBUS
• Linear torque/current curve H Bridge
Gate Drivers
• Speed proportionate to voltage applied
• Maintenance required
Motor
• Low overloading capability
• Low heat dissipation
Typical Applications PIC® Microcontroller
or dsPIC®
• Toys • Seat adjust Digital Signal
Controller
• Mobile phones • Anti-lock braking systems Current Feedback Mechanical
Feedback
• Window wipers • Cordless hand drills
• Door locks • Electric lawn mowers
• Window lifts
• Antenna retractors

Brushed DC Motor Application Notes

Algorithm App Note

PIC18CXX/PIC16CXXX DC Servomotor Applications AN696

Servo Control of a Brushed DC Motor AN532
Low-Cost Bi-directional Brushed DC Motor Control Using the PIC16F684 AN893
Brushed DC Motor Fundamentals AN905

Brushed DC Motor Development Tools

MTS2916A Dual Full-Bridge Stepper Motor Driver Evaluation Board (ADM00308)
The MTS2916A Dual Full-Bridge Stepper Motor Driver Evaluation Board demonstrates the capabilities
of the MTS2916A to control both windings of a bipolar stepper motor. The board also demonstrates
the capabilities of controlling two brushed DC motors.

Motor Control and Drive Design Solutions 3

 Stepper Motors

Stepper Motor Control

Do you need exact position control with great holding torque? If
so, then a stepper motor is the best solution. While nearly every
MCU or DSC from Microchip can drive a stepper motor, some
are better suited for this than others. Microchip offers a com-
plete line of dual full-bridge drivers designed to drive bipolar
stepper motors. These can be easily interfaced to any
microcontroller. Also, Microchip's 8-bit PIC® MCUs are an
excellent solution for traditional stepper motor control. For
advanced closed-loop stepper motor control, Microchip's
dsPIC® DSCs offer DSP performance and advanced motor
control peripherals to enable sub micro-stepping, high-speed
rotation and full torque output. Voltage
Regulator
Power
Supply
Voltage
Regulator
VDD

Phase 1 I/O Motor

VDD VLOGIC VLOAD PIC®
Phase 2 Microcontroller
or dsPIC®
PIC I01
®
Digital Signal
Microcontroller I12 Dual OUT1A Controller I/O
or dsPIC® H-Bridge
Digital Signal I02 Stepper Motor OUT1B I/O
Controller Driver
I12 OUT2A Motor
I/O
Sense 1
OUT2B
Sense 2

Stepper Motor Application Notes

Typical Applications
• Idle speed adjust • Telescopes PIC16 PIC18 dsPIC® DSC
Algorithm
• Exhaust gas recirculation • Antennas Family Family Family
• Duct airflow vanes • Toys
Full- and Half- AN906
• Mirror control – AN1307
Stepping AN907
Micro-Stepping – AN822 AN1307
Stepper Motor Development Tools
dsPICDEM™ Motor Control Stepper Motor MTS2916A Stepper Motor Driver Evaluation
(MCSM) Development Board/Kit (DM330022/ Board (ADM00308)
DV330021) This evaluation board includes
This board is targeted to control pushbutton switches and a variable-
both unipolar and bipolar stepper speed input potentiometer to
motors in open- or closed-loop demonstrate the MTS2916A controlling
(current control) mode. The hardware a stepper motor in full-step, half-step,
is designed so that no changes are modified half-step and micro-stepping
necessary for 8-, 6- or 4-wire stepper modes.
motors (bipolar or unipolar). Software
to run in open- or closed-loop with
full or variable micro-stepping is
provided as well as a GUI for controlling step commands,
motor parameter input and operation modes. This flexible and
cost-effective board can be configured in different ways for
use with dsPIC33F motor control DSCs.

4 www.microchip.com/motor
 Brushless DC Motor Control

BLDC Motor Control

Looking for a high reliability, high efficiency and high power-to-size
ratio motor? The obvious solution is a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor. It
shares many of the same torque and speed characteristics with the
brushed DC motor, but does not include the brushes. Technically it
is a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), but its name
comes from the simple method of commutation. In some cases the
stator windings are constructed to match the non-sinusoidal commutation.

The simpler commutation method allows the use of a wide range Inverter VBUS
Gate Drivers
of Microchip products, from 8-bit PIC®16 MCUs, to MTD650X
dedicated BLDC driver chips, to dsPIC DSCs. The device best Motor
suited to your application depends on what you are trying to achieve:
performance, cost, efficiency, time to market, etc. Our wide range of
application notes and development tools will allow you to get started
PIC® Microcontroller
with your application quickly. or dsPIC®
Digital Signal
Comparator
Controller
Typical Applications – VREF
Mechanical
+
• Anti-lock braking systems +
Feedback

• Disk drive servos –

Op Amp
• Throttle control
• Fuel pumps
• Oil pumps

BLDC Fan Motor Control

Need a highly integrated fan controller with a customizable
speed/temperature profile? Take a look at Microchip’s PIC12HV
and PIC16HV devices. These devices have a built-in 5V
regulator and on-chip comparator to save system cost. The
rotor position is determined by a Hall-effect sensor connected
to the on-chip comparator. The Enhanced Capture Compare 12V DC

PWM (ECCP) Module uses this feedback information to drive

Commutation
the motor by steering the PWM signal to the appropriate motor PIC12HV615
and Speed
Hall Sensor

phase. Temperature sensor inputs can be used to create a 5V Reg

unique fan speed profile, and the application can provide digital N

status information to a host device. Temperature

Comp
PWM Command
A
If space or time to market is a concern for your next project, I2C
ECCP B
Microchip’s 3-phase full-wave sensorless drivers for BLDC motors
are the answer. These devices feature 180° sinusoidal drive, high
torque output and silent drive. With the adaptive features, param- FG MTD6505 PWM
VDD
eters and wide range of power supplies, they work standalone or PROG DIR

with Microchip’s broad range of microcontrollers. VBIAS VDD

C2
OUT1 OUT3 C1

Typical Applications OUT2 GND

• Seat cooling fans

• Server cooling fans

Motor Control and Drive Design Solutions 5

 Brushless
BrushlessDC
DCMotor
MotorControl
Control

BLDC
BLDCApplication
ApplicationNotes
Notesand
andTuning
TuningGuides
Guides
Algorithm
Algorithm PIC16
PIC16
Family
Family PIC18
PIC18
Family
Family dsPIC
dsPIC DSC
® ®
DSC
Family
Family App
AppNote
Note 32-Bit
32-Bit
Family
Family 42711A
42711A

Sensored
Sensored AN885,
AN885,AN1779,
AN1779,AN2049
AN2049 AN899
AN899 AN957
AN957 – –

Sensored
Sensored
Sinusoidal
Sinusoidal – – – – AN1017
AN1017 – –

Sensorless
Sensorless
BEMF
BEMF AN1175,
AN1175,AN1305,
AN1305,AN857
AN857 AN970
AN970 AN901,
AN901,AN992
AN992 – –

Sensorless
Sensorless
Filtered
Filtered
BEMF
BEMF
with
with
Majority
Majority
Detect
Detect – – – – – – AN1160
AN1160

Tuning
TuningGuide:
Guide:
Sensorless
SensorlessBLDC
BLDCControl
Control
with
with
Back-EMF
Back-EMF
– – – – – – AN1160
AN1160
Filetering
Filetering
Using
Using
a Majority
a Majority
Function
Function

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BLDCDevelopment
DevelopmentTools
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Board
(DM330023-2/3)
(DM330023-2/3) (Dual/Single)
(Dual/Single)supports
supportscurrents
currentsupuptoto10A.
10A.
This
Thishigh-voltage
high-voltagesystem
systemisisintended
intended
totoaid
aidyou
youininthe
therapid
rapidevaluation
evaluationandand SAM
SAMBLDC
BLDC24V
24VMotor
MotorControl
ControlKit
Kit
development
developmentofofa awide widevariety
varietyofofmotor
motor (ATSAMD21BLDC24V-STK)
(ATSAMD21BLDC24V-STK)
control
controlapplications
applicationsusingusinga adsPIC
dsPIC®®
This
Thislow-voltage
low-voltagedevelopment
developmentboard boardprovides
providesa amethod
methodfor for
DSC.
DSC.This
Thisdevelopment
developmentsystemsystemisis evaluating
evaluatingBLDC BLDCand andPMSM
PMSMmotormotorcontrol
controlperformance
performanceofof
targeted
targetedtotocontrol
controlBLDC
BLDCmotors,
motors, the
theSAM
SAMCCand andSAM
SAMDDseries
seriesCortex
CortexM0+ M0+devices.
devices.This
Thisboard
board
PMSMs
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ACIMsininsensor
sensorororsensorless
sensorlessoperation.
operation.The The supports
supportsspecificspecificARM
ARM Cortex
®®
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®®
plug-in-modulesand andisisnotnot
rated
ratedcontinuous
continuousoutputoutputcurrent
currentfrom
fromthetheinverter
inverterisis6.5A
6.5A compatible
compatiblewith withdsPIC
dsPICororPIC32
PIC32plug-in
plug-inmodules.
modules.ThisThiskitkitships
ships
(RMS).
(RMS).This
Thisallows
allowsup uptotoapproximately
approximately2 2kVA kVAoutput
outputwhen
when with
witha aSAMD21
SAMD21Motor Motorcontrol
controlcard,
card,isisalso
alsocompatible
compatiblewith with
running
runningfrom
froma a208V
208Vtoto230V
230Vsingle-phase
single-phaseinput inputvoltage.
voltage.The
The the
theATSAMC21MOTOR
ATSAMC21MOTORplug-in-module plug-in-moduleoffering
offeringincreased
increased
MCHV-3
MCHV-3adds addsPower
PowerFactor
FactorCorrection
Correction(PFC)(PFC)with
withcurrent
current performance,
performance,5V 5Vpower
powersupplies,
supplies,and
andCAN-FD.
CAN-FD.Software
Softwarefor for
feedback
feedbackcircuitry
circuitryand
andzero-crossing
zero-crossingdetection.
detection. this
thiskitkitisisavailable
availableininStudio
StudioFramework
Frameworkand andSTART.
START.

dsPICDEM
dsPICDEMMCLV-2
MCLV-2Development
DevelopmentBoard
Board
BLDC
BLDCFan
FanControl
ControlDevelopment
DevelopmentTools
Tools
(DM330021-2)
(DM330021-2)
This
Thislow-voltage
low-voltagedevelopment
developmentboard board MTD6505
MTD65053-Phase
3-PhaseBLDC
BLDCSensorless
SensorlessFan
Fan
provides
providesa acost-effective
cost-effectivemethod
methodofof Controller
ControllerDemonstration
DemonstrationBoard
Board(ADM00345)
(ADM00345)
evaluating
evaluatingandanddeveloping
developingsensored
sensored This
Thisboard
boardallows
allowsfor
forthe
the
ororsensorless
sensorlessBLDC
BLDCmotormotorandand control
controland
andmonitoring
monitoring
PMSM
PMSMcontrol
controlapplications.
applications.The The ofofthe
theMTD6505
MTD6505device
device
board
boardsupports
supportsMicrochip’s
Microchip’s100-pin
100-pinPIMPIMwith
withdsPIC33E
dsPIC33Eoror using
usingPC PCsoftware
software
dsPIC33F
dsPIC33FDSCs.DSCs.It Italso
alsosupports
supportsthe theuse
useofofthe
theinternal,
internal, connected
connectedtotothe theboard
board
on-chip
on-chipop opamps
ampsfound
foundononcertain
certaindsPIC
dsPICDSCs
DSCsororthe theexternal
external via
viaa aUSB
USBconnection.
connection.
Op
OpAmps
Ampsfound
foundononthe thedsPICDEM
dsPICDEMMCLV-2 MCLV-2Development
Development
Board.
Board.AAdsPIC33EP256MC506
dsPIC33EP256MC506Internal InternalOp
OpAmpAmpPIM PIM
(MA330031)
(MA330031)isisincluded,
included,and andthetheboard
boardisiscapable
capableofof
controlling
controllingmotors
motorsrated
ratedup uptoto48V
48Vand
and15A,
15A,withwithmultiple
multiple
communication
communicationchannels
channelssuch suchasasUSB,
USB,CAN,
CAN,LIN LINand
and
RS-232.
RS-232.

66 www.microchip.com/motor
www.microchip.com/motor
 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

PMSM Control
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) are brushless and have very high reliability and high efficiency. Due to their
permanent magnet rotor, they also have higher torque with smaller frame size and no rotor current, all of which are advantages
over AC induction motors. With a high power-to-size ratio, PMSMs can help you make your design smaller without the loss of
torque. PMSMs need to be commutated like BLDC motors, but due to the construction of the windings, the waveforms need
to be sinusoidal for good performance. This requires more complicated control algorithms and, therefore, a higher performing
controller like Microchip’s dsPIC® DSCs and 32-Bit PIC32MK or Cortex M based solutions. Microchip offers development tools
and applications notes to help you develop advanced PMSM control solutions Gate Drivers
Inverter V BUS

like sensorless Field-Oriented Control (FOC).

Motor
Typical Applications
• Air conditioner and refrigerator compressors
• Direct-drive washing machines PIC® Microcontroller
or dsPIC®
• Automotive electrical power steering Digital Signal
Controller
Comparator

• Machining tools
– VREF
Mechanical
+
Feedback
• Traction control +

• Industrial sewing machines

–
Op Amp

PMSM Development Tools

dsPICDEM MCLV-2 Development Board dsPICDEM MCHV-2/3 Development System
(DM330021-2) (DM330023-2/3)
This low-voltage development This high-voltage system is intended
board provides a cost-effective to aid you in the rapid evaluation
method of evaluating and and development of a wide variety
developing sensored or sensorless of motor control applications using
Brushless DC (BLDC) motor and a dsPIC DSC. This development
Permanent Magnet Synchronous system is targeted to control BLDC
Motor (PMSM) control applications. The board supports motors, PMSMs and ACIMs in
Microchip’s 100-pin PIM with dsPIC33E, dsPIC33F DSCs sensor or sensorless operation. The rated continuous output
and 32-Bit PIC32MKMC devices. It also supports the use current from the inverter is 6.5A (RMS). This allows up to
of the internal, on-chip Op Amps found on certain dsPIC approximately 2 kVA output when running from a 208V to
DSCs and PIC32MKMC or the external op amps found on 230V single-phase input voltage. The MCHV-3 adds PFC with
the MCLV-2 board. A dsPIC33EP256MC506 Internal Op current feedback circuitry and zero-crossing detection.
Amp PIM (MA330031) is included. For PIC32MK support, the
PIC32MK1024 PIM (MA320024) is available. The board is Low-Voltage Motor Control Development Bundle
capable of controlling motors rated up to 48V and 15A, with (Single Board and Drive Board) (DV330100)
multiple communication channels such as USB, CAN, LIN This bundle provides a cost-effective
and RS-232. method of evaluating and developing
dual/single motor control to drive BLDC
24V 3-Phase Brushless DC Motor (AC300020) motors or PMSMs concurrently, or one
The 24V 3-phase BLDC motor with Hall effect of each type of motor. The dsPIC DSC
sensors can be used with the dsPICDEM Signal Board supports both 3.3V and
MCLV-2 Development Board (DM330021-2). 5V devices for various applications and
frequently used human interface includes
24V 3-Phase Brushless DC Motor with Encoder some features and communication
(AC300022) interfaces. The Motor Control 10–24V Driver Board (Dual/
This Brushless DC (BLDC) motor has a 250-line Single) supports currents up to 10A.
encoder, and can be used with the dsPICDEM
MCLV-2 Development Board (DM330021-2).

Motor Control and Drive Design Solutions 7

 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

PMSM Libraries
Motor Control Library for dsPIC33F/dsPIC33E Microchip Motor Control Library Blockset
The Motor Control Library contains The Microchip Motor Control Library
Motor Control
Application function blocks that are optimized for Blockset contains a number of basic
the dsPIC33F and dsPIC33E DSC Simulink® blocks that can be used
Motor Control Library
families. All functions in this Motor to jump start model-based design
Control Library have input(s) and of motor control applications using
dsPIC DSC
®

output(s), but do not access any of the Microchip’s dsPIC33F and dsPIC33E
Motor Control Hardware DSC peripherals. The library functions DSC families. These blocks include
are designed to be used within an reference frame transforms, a
application framework for realizing an efficient and flexible way proportional-integral controller and trigonometric functions, all of
of implementing a motor control application. which can be used with Embedded Coder® to generate efficient
code on the dsPIC® DSC that utilizes the Microchip Motor
motorBench™ Development Suite Control Library.
This tool identifies the electrical and
mechanical parameters of a motor
and then automatically tunes the
current and speed control loops. It
then generates complete dsPIC33 motor control code into
an MPLAB® X IDE project. Version 1.x works with the low-
voltage development board (MCLV-2: DM330021-2) and one
permanent magnet synchronous motor (AC300022).

PMSM Application Notes and Tuning Guides

Algorithm App Note

Sensored Sinusoidal AN1017

Sensorless Dual-Shunt FOC with SMO Estimator and Field

AN1078
Weakening
Sensorless Dual-Shunt FOC with SMO and PFC AN1208
Sensorless Dual-Shunt FOC with PLL Estimator and Field
AN1292
Weakening
Sensorless Single-Shunt FOC with SMO Estimator and Field
AN1299
Weakening
Sensorless Dual-Shunt FOC with SMO Estimator PMSM AN1078
Sensorless Dual-Shunt FOC with PLL Estimator PMSM AN1292
Tuning Guide: Sensorless Single-Shunt FOC with SMO Estimator
AN1299
PMSM

8 www.microchip.com/motor
 AC Induction Motors

AC Induction Motor Control

The AC Induction Motor (ACIM) is the workhorse of the motor
world. It is the most common motor type, used in everything
from consumer products to heavy industry. Its simple design
with no brushes makes it highly reliable and also allows it to
be manufactured at a low cost. But, it is less efficient than
other motors like PMSM, which is partially related to the heat
generation in the rotor windings.

The open-loop voltage/frequency (V/f) drive technique is

traditionally used to control ACIMs and it can be implemented on
an 8-bit PIC® MCU. This drive technique is not very efficient, so VBUS
Inverter
for applications that need higher efficiency, an advanced control Gate Drivers

solution like Field-Oriented Control can be applied. This requires

a high-performance controller, like a dsPIC® DSC. Motor

Typical Applications
• Air conditioner and refrigerator compressors PIC® Microcontroller
or dsPIC®
• Home appliances Digital Signal
Comparator
Controller
• Pumps – VREF
• Blowers +
Mechanical
Feedback
• Automation/industrial applications
+

–
• Power tools Op Amp

AC Induction Motor Application Notes

Algorithm PIC16 Family PIC18 Family dsPIC® DSC Family

AN887, AN889, AN955,

Open-Loop V/f AN900, AN843 AN984
AN967, AN1660
Closed-Loop Vector Control – – AN908
Sensorless Dual-Shunt FOC with PLL Estimator – – AN1162
Sensorless Dual-Shunt FOC with PLL Estimator and
– – AN1206
Field Weakening

AC Induction Motor Development Tools

dsPICDEM MCHV-2/3 Development System AC Induction Motor (AC300023)
(DM330023-2/3) This compact 3-phase AC Induction Motor has
This high-voltage system is intended been certified for use with dsPIC33 ACIM motor
to aid the user in the rapid evaluation control application notes in conjunction with
and development of a wide variety the dsPICDEM MCHV-2 Development System
of motor control applications using (DM330023-2).
a dsPIC DSC. This development
system is targeted to control BLDC
motors, PMSM and AC Induction
Motors (ACIM) in sensor or sensorless operation. The rated
continuous output current from the inverter is 6.5A (RMS).
This allows up to approximately 2 kVA output when running
from a 208V to 230V single-phase input voltage. The MCHV-3
adds PFC with current feedback circuitry and zero-crossing
detection.

Motor Control and Drive Design Solutions 9

 Recommended Products

Recommended Products for Brushed DC Motor Control

EUSART/AUSART
Math Accelerator
PWM (10-/16-bit)

Timer (8-/16-bit)
(5-/8-/9-/10-bit)

Angular Timer
SRAM (Bytes)

Device
Comparator

CCP/ECCP

CWG/COG
Flash (KB)

EE (Bytes)

Op Amp

SPI/I2C
MSSP
NCO
ADC

DAC

SMT
CLC
Pins

HEF

PPS
3 ch,
PIC10F322 6 0.875 64 – – – – 2/0 1 – 2/1 1 – – 1 – – – – – –
8-bit

PIC12F/ 4 ch,
8 1.75 64 – – 1 0/1 – – – 2/1 – – – – – – – – – –
HV615 10-bit
4 ch,
PIC12F1572 8 3.5 256 – ü 1 – 0/3 1/0 1/0/0/0 2/1 – – – – – – – 1/0 – –
10-bit
5 ch,
PIC16F15313 8 3.5 256 – ü 2 1/0 4/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 – – 1 – ü – 1/0 1 –
10-bit
11 ch,
PIC16F15323 14 3.5 256 – ü 2 2/0 4/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 – – 1 – ü – 1/0 1 –
10-bit
12 ch,
PIC16F1509 20 14 512 – ü 2 – 4/0 1/0 – 2/1 4 – – 1 – – – 1/0 1 –
10-bit
12 ch,
PIC16F1618 20 7 512 – ü – 2/0 2/0 1/0 0/1/0/0 3/1 4 2 1 – 1 – – 1/0 1 –
10-bit
11 ch,
PIC16F1936 28 14 512 256 ü 2 2/3 – – – 4/1 4 – – – – – – 1/0 1 –
10-bit
24 ch,
PIC16F15355 28 14 1K – ü 2 2/0 4/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 – – 1 – ü – 2/0 – 1
10-bit
24 ch,
PIC16F18856 28 28 2K 256 ü 2 5/0 2/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 2 – 1 – ü – 1/0 – 1
10-bit
40/ 14 ch,
PIC16F1939 28 1K 256 ü 2 2/3 – – – 4/1 4 – – – – – – 1/0 1 –
44 10-bit

Input Output Temp.

Motor Control
Device Voltage Current Operating Features Packages
Type Scheme
Range (V) (mA) Range (°C)

One Bipolar Direct PWM Over-Temperature Protection, Under-

Stepper 10.0 to Input, Current −40 to Voltage Protection, Dual Full-Bridge 24-pin
MTS62C19A 750
Motor or Two 40.0 Limit Control, +105 Motor Driver, Micro-stepping, Pin- SOIC
DC Motors Micro-stepping compatible with ST L6219
Over-Temperature Protection, Under-
One Bipolar Direct PWM
Voltage Protection, Dual Full-Bridge
Stepper 10.0 to Input, Current −40 to 24-pin
MTS2916A 750 Motor Driver, Micro-stepping, Pin-
Motor or Two 40.0 Limit Control, +105 SOIC
compatible with Allegro UDX2916 and
DC Motors Micro-stepping
A4970

Temp. Peak Output Resistance Maximum Input/Output

Device Configuration Operating Output (Rh/Rl) Supply Voltage Delay (td1, td2) Packages
Range (°C) Current (A) (Max. Ω @ 25 °C) (V) (ns)
8-pin SOIC,
Dual, 5 (Vdd), 36
MCP14700 −40 to +125 2 2.5/2.5 25/25 8-pin 3 × 3
Non-inverting (Boot Pin)
DFN

10 www.microchip.com/motor
 Recommended Products

Recommended Products for Stepper Motor Control

EUSART/AUSART
Math Accelerator
PWM (10-/16-bit)

Timer (8-/16-bit)
(5-/8-/9-/10-bit)

Angular Timer
SRAM (Bytes)

ADC (10-bit)

Comparator
Device

CCP/ECCP

CWG/COG
Flash (KB)

EE (Bytes)

Op Amp

SPI/I2C
MSSP
NCO
DAC

SMT
CLC
Pins

HEF

PPS
PIC16F15323 14 3.5 256 – ü 11 ch 2 2/0 4/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 – – 1 – ü – 1/0 1 –

PIC16F18324 14 7 512 256 ü 11 ch 2 4/0 2/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 4/3 4 2 – 1 – ü – 1/0 1 –

PIC16F1509 20 14 512 – ü 12 ch 2 – 4/0 1/0 – 2/1 4 – – 1 – – – 1/0 1 –

PIC16F1618 20 7 512 – ü 12 ch - 2/0 2/0 1/0 0/1/0/0 3/1 4 2 1 – 1 – – 1/0 1 –

PIC16F1936 28 14 512 256 ü 11 ch 2 2/3 – – – 4/1 4 – – – – – – 1/0 1 –

PIC16F15355 28 14 1K – ü 24 ch 2 2/0 4/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 – – 1 – ü – 2/0 – 1

PIC16F18856 28 28 2K 256 ü 24 ch 2 5/0 2/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 4/3 4 2 – 1 – ü – 1/0 – 1

40/
PIC16F1939 28 1K 256 ü 14 ch 2 2/3 – – – 4/1 4 – – – – – – 1/0 1 –
44

Input Output Temp.

Motor Control
Device Voltage Current Operating Features Packages
Type Scheme
Range (V) (mA) Range (°C)
One Bipolar Direct PWM Over-Temperature Protection, Under-
Stepper Motor 10.0 to Input, Current −40 to Voltage Protection, Dual Full-Bridge
MTS62C19A 750 24-pin SOIC
or Two DC 40.0 Limit Control, +105 Motor Driver, Micro-stepping, Pin-
Motors Micro-stepping compatible with ST L6219
Over-Temperature Protection, Under-
One Bipolar Direct PWM
Voltage Protection, Dual Full-Bridge
Stepper Motor 10.0 to Input, Current −40 to
MTS2916A 750 Motor Driver, Micro-stepping, Pin- 24-pin SOIC
or Two DC 40.0 Limit Control, +105
compatible with Allegro UDX2916
Motors Micro-stepping
and A4970
Voltage @ Max. Iout
Max. Input Voltage

Voltage Accuracy
Typical Dropout
Junction Temp.
Output Current
Output Voltage

Typical Output
Typical Active
Current (μA)

Device
Range (°C)

Packages
Features
(mA)

(mV)

(%)
(V)

(V)

2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 2.85, 2.9, Ulta-low

2.5 to −40 to
MIC5205 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.6, 150 80 165 ±1 noise 5-pin SOT-23
16 +125
3.8, 4.0, 5.0, Adj. output
1.8, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 2.85, −40 to 70 dB 5-pin SOT-23, 3-pin, SOT-89,
MCP1754 16 150 50 300 ±2
3.0, 3.3, 3.6, 4.0, 5.0 +125 PSRR 3-pin SOT-223, 8-pin 2 × 3 TDFN

Motor Control and Drive Design Solutions 11

 Recommended Products

Recommended Products for Stepper Motor Control

Analog Comparators

Temperature Range(3)
Security Segments
Output Compare/

ADC 10-/12-bit(1)
Standard PWM

Motor Control
Input Capture

CodeGuard™
1.1/0.5 Msps
Device
Timer 16-bit
Flash (KB)

DMA # Ch
RAM (KB)

Package
PWM Ch

RTCC
UART

PMP

CAN
Pins

QEI

SPI
I2C
dsPIC33FJ12MC202 28 12 1 – 3 4 2 6+2 ch 1 1 ADC, 6 ch – 2 1 1 1 – – 0 SO, SP, ML I,E
dsPIC33FJ32MC202 28 32 2 – 3 4 2 6+2 ch 1 1 ADC, 6 ch – 2 1 1 1 – – 0 SO, SP, MM I,E
dsPIC33FJ32MC302 28 32 4 8 5 4 4 6+2 ch 2 1 ADC, 6 ch 2 – 2 2 1 1 1 – SO, SP, MM I,E,H
dsPIC33FJ64MC202 28 64 8 8 5 4 4 6+2 ch 2 1 ADC, 6 ch 2 – 2 2 1 1 1 – SO, SP, MM I,E,H
dsPIC33FJ64MC802 28 64 16 8 5 4 4 6+2 ch 2 1 ADC, 9 ch 2 – 2 2 1 1 1 1 SO, SP, MM I,E,H
dsPIC33EP128GM304 44 128 16 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 18 ch 5 1 4 3 2 – – – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP128GM604 44 128 16 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 18 ch 5 1 4 3 2 – – 2 ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP128GM306 64 128 16 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 30 ch 5 1 4 3 2 1 – – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP128GM706 64 128 16 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 30 ch 5 1 4 3 2 1 – 2 ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP128GM310 100 128 16 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 49 ch 5 1 4 3 2 1 – – PT, BG I,E, H
dsPIC33EP128GM710 100 128 16 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 49 ch 5 1 4 3 2 1 – 2 PT, BG I,E, H
dsPIC33EP256GM304 44 256 32 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 18 ch 5 1 4 3 2 – – – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP256GM604 44 256 32 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 18 ch 5 1 4 3 2 – – 2 ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP256GM306 64 256 32 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 30 ch 5 1 4 3 2 1 – – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP256GM706 64 256 32 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 30 ch 5 1 4 3 2 1 – 2 ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP256GM310 100 256 32 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 49 ch 5 1 4 3 2 1 – – PT, BG I,E, H
dsPIC33EP256GM710 100 256 32 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 49 ch 5 1 4 3 2 1 – 2 PT, BG I,E, H
dsPIC33EP512GM304 44 512 48 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 18 ch 5 1 4 3 2 – – – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP512GM604 44 512 48 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 18 ch 5 1 4 3 2 – – 2 ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP512GM306 64 512 48 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 30 ch 5 1 4 3 2 1 – – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP512GM706 64 512 48 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 30 ch 5 1 4 3 2 1 – 2 ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP512GM310 100 512 48 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 49 ch 5 1 4 3 2 1 – – PT, BG I,E, H
dsPIC33EP512GM710 100 512 48 4 9 8 8 12 ch 2 2 ADC, 49 ch 5 1 4 3 2 1 – 2 PT, BG I,E, H
Note 1: dsPIC33 devices feature one or two user-selectable 1.1 Msps 10-bit ADC (4 S & H) or 500 ksps 12-bit ADC (1 S & H).
2: A DAC is associated with each analog comparator to set a programmable voltage reference. One DAC output may be selected by software and driven on an external pin.
3: I = Industrial Temperature Range (−40°C to +85°C), E = Extended Temperature Range (−40°C to +125°C), H = High Temperature Range (−40°C to +140°C).

Recommended Products for Brushless Fan Control

Input Output Temp.
Control
Device Voltage Current Operating Features Packages
Scheme
Range (V) (mA) Range (°C)
180° Sinusoidal Drive, Direction Control, Programmable BEMF
Sensorless
MCP8063 2.0 to 5.5 1600 −40 to +125 Coefficient Range, Current Limitation, Lock-up Recover, Over- 8-pin 4 × 4 DFN
Sinusoidal
Temperature Protection, Output Switching Frequency at 23 kHz
180° Sinusoidal Drive, Direction Control, Programmable BEMF
Sensorless
MTD6505 2.0 to 5.5 750 −40 to +125 Coefficient Range, Current Limitation, Lock-up Recover, Over- 10-pin 3 × 3 UDFN
Sinusoidal
Temperature Protection, Output Switching Frequency at 30 kHz
Sensorless 180° Sinusoidal Drive, Current Limitation, Lock-up Recover, Over- Thermally Enhanced
MTD6501C 2.0 to 14.0 800 −30 to +95
Sinusoidal Temperature Protection, Output Switching Frequency at 20 kHz 8-pin SOP
Sensorless 180° Sinusoidal Drive, Current Limitation, Lock-up Recover, Over-
MTD6501D 2.0 to 14.0 500 −30 to +95 10-pin MSOP
Sinusoidal Temperature Protection, Output Switching Frequency at 20 kHz
Sensorless 180° Sinusoidal Drive, Current Limitation, Lock-up Recover, Over- Thermally Enhanced
MTD6501G 2.0 to 14.0 800 −30 to +95
Sinusoidal Temperature Protection, Output Switching Frequency at 23 kHz 8-pin SOP

12 www.microchip.com/motor
 Recommended Products

Recommended Products for Brushless Fan Control (Continued)

Flash SRAM Timer Motor
Device Pins EE (Bytes) Comp. CCP/ECCP ADC UART SPI/I2C
(KB) (Bytes) 8/16-bit Control PWM

PIC16F616/
14 3.5 128 – 2/1 2 0/1 – 8 ch, 10-bit – –
PIC16HV616(1)

PIC16F684 14 3.5 128 256 2/1 2 0/1 – 8 ch, 10-bit – –

PIC16F1509 20 14 512 – 2/1 2 – 4 12 ch, 10-bit 1 1

PIC16F1783 28 7 512 256 4/1 3 2 – 11 ch, 12-bit 1 1

PIC16F1823 14 3.5 128 256 2/1 2 0/1 – 8 ch, 10-bit 1 1

PIC16F1933 28 7 256 256 4/1 2 2/3 – 11 ch, 10-bit 1 1

PIC16F1936 28 14 512 256 4/1 2 2/3 – 11 ch, 10-bit 1 1

PIC16F1937 40/44 14 512 256 4/1 2 2/3 – 14 ch, 10-bit 1 1

PIC16F1939 40/44 28 1024 256 4/1 2 2/3 – 14 ch, 10-bit 1 1

Note 1: HV device has on-chip shunt regulator.

Recommended Products for Brushless DC Motors

Input Output Temp.
Control Integrated
Device Voltage Current Operating Features Packages
Scheme Op Amps
Range (V) (mA) Range (°C)

Adjustable Output Buck Regulator, 5V and 12V

−40 to 40-pin QFN,
MCP8024 6.0 to 28 500 PWM LDOs, Over-Current Comparator, Under-Voltage/ 3
+150 48-pin, TQFP
Over-Voltage Lockout, Current Limitation
LIN Transceiver, Adjustable Output Buck Regulator,
−40 to 40-pin QFN,
MCP8025 6.0 to 19 500 PWM 5V and 12V LDOs, Over-Current Comparator, Under- 1
+150 48-pin TQPF
Voltage/Over-Voltage Lockout, Current Limitation
Adjustable Output Buck Regulator, 5V and 12V
−40 to 40-pin QFN,
MCP8026 6.0 to 28 500 PWM LDOs, Over-Current Comparator, Under-Voltage/ 3
+150 48-pin TQPF
Over-Voltage Lockout, Current Limitation
EUSART/AUSART
Math Accelerator
PWM (10-/16-bit)

Timer (8-/16-bit)
(5-/8-/9-/10-bit)

Angular Timer
SRAM (Bytes)

ADC (10-bit)

Comparator

CCP/ECCP

CWG/COG

Device
Flash (KB)

EE (Bytes)

Op Amp

SPI/I2C
MSSP
NCO
SMT
CLC
Pins

PPS
DAC
HEF

PIC16F15323 14 3.5 256 – ü 11 ch 2 2/0 4/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 – – 1 – ü – 1/0 1 –

PIC16F1509 20 14 512 – ü 12 ch 2 – 4/0 1/0 – 2/1 4 – – 1 – – – 1/0 1 –

PIC16F1619 20 14 1K – ü 12 ch - 2/0 2/0 1/0 0/1/0/0 3/1 4 2 1 – 1 – – 1/0 1 –

PIC16F1936 28 14 512 256 ü 11 ch 2 2/3 – – – 4/1 4 – – – – – – 1/0 1 –

PIC16F15355 28 14 1K – ü 24 ch 2 2/0 4/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 – – 1 – ü – 2/0 – 1

PIC16F18856 28 28 2K 256 ü 24 ch 2 5/0 2/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 2 – 1 – ü – 1/0 – 1

PIC16F1718 28 28 2K – ü 17 ch – 2/0 2/0 1/0 1/1/0/0 4/1 4 – – 1 – – 2 1/0 1 –

40/
PIC16F1939 28 1K 256 ü 14 ch 2 2/3 – – – 4/1 4 – – – – – – 1/0 1 –
44

PIC16F15376 40 28 2K – ü 35 ch 2 2/0 4/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 – – 1 – ü – 2/0 – 1

Motor Control and Drive Design Solutions 13

 Recommended Products

Recommended Products for ACIMs

EUSART/AUSART
Math Accelerator
PWM (10-/16-bit)

(5-/8-/9-/10-bit)

Timer (8-/16-bit)

Angular Timer
SRAM (Bytes)

ADC (10-bit)

Comparator

CCP/ECCP

CWG/COG
Device
Flash (KB)

EE (Bytes)

Op Amp

SPI/I2C
MSSP
NCO
DAC

SMT
CLC
Pins

HEF

PPS
PIC16F1509 20 14 512 – ü 12 ch 2 – 4/0 1/0 – 2/1 4 – – 1 – – – 2/0 1 –
PIC16F15323 14 3.5 256 – ü 11 ch 2 2/0 4/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 – – 1 – ü – 1/0 1 –
PIC16F15344 20 7 512 – ü 11 ch 2 2/0 4/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 – – 1 – ü – 1/0 1 –
PIC16F1619 20 14 1K – ü 12 ch - 2/0 2/0 1/0 0/1/0/0 3/1 4 2 1 – 1 – – 1/0 1 –
PIC16F1936 28 14 512 256 ü 11 ch 2 2/3 – – – 4/1 4 – – – – – – 1/0 1 –
PIC16F15355 28 14 1K – ü 24 ch 2 2/0 4/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 – – 1 – ü – 2/0 – 1
PIC16F18856 28 28 2K 256 ü 24 ch 2 5/0 2/0 1/0 1/0/0/0 1/2 4 2 - 1 – ü – 1/0 – 1

Recommended Products for Brushless DC Motors, PMSMs and ACIMs

Security Segments
Output Compare/
Standard PWM
Motor Control
Input Capture

Comparators

CodeGuard™

Temperature
Timer 16-bit

Device
Flash (KB)

DMA # Ch
RAM (KB)

Op Amps

Package
PWM Ch

USB 2.0

Range(3)
Analog

RTCC
UART

PMP
ADC

CAN
Pins

QEI

SPI

I2C

dsPIC33EP32MC202 28 32 4 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 6 ch 1 + 2(2) 2 1 2 2 2 – – – – SP, SO, SS, MM I,E, H

dsPIC33EP32MC502 28 32 4 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 6 ch 1 + 2(2) 2 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – SP, SO, SS, MM I,E, H
dsPIC33EP32MC203◊ 36 32 4 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 8 ch 1 + 2(2) 2 1 2 2 2 – – – – TL I,E, H
dsPIC33EP32MC503◊ 36 32 4 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 8 ch 1 + 2(2) 2 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – TL I,E, H
dsPIC33EP32MC204 44 32 4 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 9 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – – – TL, ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP32MC504 44 32 4 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 9 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – TL, ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP64MC202 28 64 8 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 6 ch 1+2 (2)
2 1 2 2 2 – – – – SP, SO, SS, MM I,E, H
dsPIC33EP64MC502 28 64 8 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 6 ch 1 + 2(2) 2 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – SP, SO, SS, MM I,E, H
dsPIC33EP64MC203◊ 36 64 8 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 8 ch 1 + 2(2) 2 1 2 2 2 – – – – TL I,E, H
dsPIC33EP64MC503◊ 36 64 8 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 8 ch 1 + 2(2) 2 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – TL I,E, H
dsPIC33EP64MC204 44 64 8 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 9 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – – – TL◊, ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP64MC504 44 64 8 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 9 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – TL◊, ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP64MC206 64 64 8 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 16 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – – – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP64MC506 64 64 8 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 16 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP128MC202 28 128 16 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 6 ch 1 + 2(2) 2 1 2 2 2 – – – – SP, SO, SS, MM I,E, H

dsPIC33EP128MC502 28 128 16 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 6 ch 1+2 (2)

2 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – SP, SO, SS, MM I,E, H

dsPIC33EP128MC204 44 128 16 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 9 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – – – TL◊, ML, PT I,E, H

dsPIC33EP128MC504 44 128 16 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 9 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – TL◊, ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP128MC206 64 128 16 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 16 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – – – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP128MC506 64 128 16 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 16 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP256MC202 28 256 32 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 6 ch 1 + 2(2) 2 1 2 2 2 – – – – SP, SO, SS, MM I,E, H
dsPIC33EP256MC502 28 256 32 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 6 ch 1+2 (2)
2 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – SP, SO, SS, MM I,E, H
dsPIC33EP256MC204 44 256 32 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 9 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – – – TL◊, ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP256MC504 44 256 32 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 9 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – TL◊, ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP256MC206 64 256 32 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 16 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – – – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP256MC506 64 256 32 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 16 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP512MC202 28 512 48 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 6 ch 1 + 2(2) 2 1 2 2 2 – – – – SO, SS, MM I,E, H
dsPIC33EP512MC502 28 512 48 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 6 ch 1 + 2(2) 2 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – SO, SS, MM I,E, H
dsPIC33EP512MC204 44 512 48 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 9 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – – – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP512MC504 44 512 48 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 9 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP512MC206 64 512 48 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 16 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – – – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP512MC506 64 512 48 4 5 4 4 6 1 1 ADC, 16 ch 1 + 3(2) 3 1 2 2 2 – – 1 – ML, PT I,E, H
dsPIC33EP128GM304 44 128 16 4 9 8 8 12 2 2 ADC, 18 ch 1 + 4(2) 4 1 4 3 2 – – – – ML, PT I,E, H

14 www.microchip.com/motor
 Recommended
Recommended Products
Products

Recommended
Recommended Products
Products for
for Brushless
Brushless DC
DC Motors,
Motors, PMSMs
PMSMs and
and ACIMs
ACIMs (Continued)
(Continued)

Security Segments
Segments
Output Compare/
Compare/
Standard PWM
PWM
Motor Control
Control
Input Capture
Capture

Comparators
Comparators

CodeGuard™
CodeGuard™

Temperature
Temperature
Timer 16-bit
16-bit
Device
Device
Flash (KB)
(KB)

# Ch
Ch
RAM (KB)
(KB)

Op Amps
Amps
Standard

Package
Package
PWM Ch
Ch

Security

USB 2.0
2.0

Range(3)
(3)
Analog
Analog
Output
DMA #

Range
Motor

RTCC
RTCC
UART
UART
Timer
Flash

PWM
Input
DMA
RAM

PMP
PMP
ADC
ADC

CAN
CAN

USB
Pins
Pins

QEI
QEI

SPI
SPI
Op

II22C
C
dsPIC33EP128GM604
dsPIC33EP128GM604 44
44 128
128 16
16 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,18 ch 11++44(2)(2) 44
18ch 11 44 33 22 –– –– 22 –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP128GM306
dsPIC33EP128GM306 64
64 128
128 16
16 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,30
30ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 11 –– –– –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP128GM706
dsPIC33EP128GM706 64
64 128
128 16
16 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,30
30ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 11 –– 22 –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP128GM310
dsPIC33EP128GM310 100
100 128
128 16
16 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,49
49ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 11 –– –– –– PT,
PT,BG
BG I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP128GM710
dsPIC33EP128GM710 100
100 128
128 16
16 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,49
49ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 11 –– 22 –– PT,
PT,BG
BG I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP256GM304
dsPIC33EP256GM304 44
44 256
256 32
32 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,18
18ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 –– –– –– –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP256GM604
dsPIC33EP256GM604 44
44 256
256 32
32 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,18
18ch
ch 11++44 (2)(2)
44 11 44 33 22 –– –– 22 –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP256GM306
dsPIC33EP256GM306 64
64 256
256 32
32 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,30
30ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 11 –– –– –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP256GM706
dsPIC33EP256GM706 64
64 256
256 32
32 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,30
30ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 11 –– 22 –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP256GM310
dsPIC33EP256GM310 100
100 256
256 32
32 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,49
49ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 11 –– –– –– PT,
PT,BG
BG I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP256GM710
dsPIC33EP256GM710 100
100 256
256 32
32 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,49
49ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 11 –– 22 –– PT,
PT,BG
BG I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP512GM304
dsPIC33EP512GM304 44
44 512
512 48
48 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,18
18ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 –– –– –– –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP512GM604
dsPIC33EP512GM604 44
44 512
512 48
48 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,18
18ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 –– –– 22 –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP512GM306
dsPIC33EP512GM306 64
64 512
512 48
48 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,30
30ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 11 –– –– –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP512GM706
dsPIC33EP512GM706 64
64 512
512 48
48 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,30
30ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 11 –– 22 –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP512GM310
dsPIC33EP512GM310 100
100 512
512 48
48 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,49
49ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 11 –– –– –– PT,
PT,BG
BG I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EP512GM710
dsPIC33EP512GM710 100
100 512
512 48
48 44 99 88 88 12
12 22 22ADC,
ADC,49
49ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 44 33 22 11 –– 22 –– PT,
PT,BG
BG I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV64GM002
dsPIC33EV64GM002 28
28 64
64 88 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,11
11ch
ch 11++44 (2)(2)
44 11 22 22 11 –– –– –– –– SO,SS,
SO,SS,MM
MM I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV64GM102
dsPIC33EV64GM102 28
28 64
64 88 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,11
11ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– 11 –– SO,SS,
SO,SS,MM
MM I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV64GM004
dsPIC33EV64GM004 44
44 64
64 88 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,24
24ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– –– –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV64GM104
dsPIC33EV64GM104 44
44 64
64 88 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,24
24ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– 11 –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV64GM006
dsPIC33EV64GM006 64
64 64
64 88 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,36
36ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– –– –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV64GM106
dsPIC33EV64GM106 64
64 64
64 88 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,36
36ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– 11 –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV128GM002
dsPIC33EV128GM002 28
28 128
128 88 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,11
11ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– –– –– SO,SS,
SO,SS,MM
MM I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV128GM102
dsPIC33EV128GM102 28
28 128
128 88 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,11
11ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– 11 –– SO,SS,
SO,SS,MM
MM I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV128GM004
dsPIC33EV128GM004 44
44 128
128 88 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,24
24ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– –– –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV128GM104
dsPIC33EV128GM104 44
44 128
128 88 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,24
24ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– 11 –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV128GM006
dsPIC33EV128GM006 64
64 128
128 88 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,36
36ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– –– –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV128GM106
dsPIC33EV128GM106 64
64 128
128 88 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,36
36ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– 11 –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV256GM002
dsPIC33EV256GM002 28
28 256
256 16
16 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,11
11ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– –– –– SO,SS,
SO,SS,MM
MM I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV256GM102
dsPIC33EV256GM102 28
28 256
256 16
16 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,11
11ch
ch 11++44 (2)(2)
44 11 22 22 11 –– –– 11 –– SO,SS,
SO,SS,MM
MM I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV256GM004
dsPIC33EV256GM004 44
44 256
256 16
16 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,24
24ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– –– –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV256GM104
dsPIC33EV256GM104 44
44 256
256 16
16 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,24
24ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– 11 –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV256GM006
dsPIC33EV256GM006 64
64 256
256 16
16 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,36
36ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– –– –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
dsPIC33EV256GM106
dsPIC33EV256GM106 64
64 256
256 16
16 44 55 44 44 66 –– 11ADC,
ADC,36
36ch
ch 11++44(2)(2) 44 11 22 22 11 –– –– 11 –– ML,
ML,PT
PT I,E,
I,E,HH
PIC32MK0512MCF064
PIC32MK0512MCF064 64
64 512
512 128
128 21
21 14
14 16
16 16
16 16
16 66 77ADC,
ADC,26
26ch
ch 55 44 –– 66 66 Yes
Yes Yes
Yes 44 11 PT,
PT,MR
MR I,I,EE
PIC32MK1024MCF064
PIC32MK1024MCF064 64
64 1024
1024 256
256 21
21 14
14 16
16 16
16 16
16 66 77ADC,
ADC,26
26ch
ch 55 44 –– 66 66 Yes
Yes Yes
Yes 44 11 PT,
PT,MR
MR I,I,EE
PIC32MK0512MCF064
PIC32MK0512MCF064 100
100 512
512 128
128 21
21 14
14 16
16 16
16 16
16 66 77ADC,
ADC,42
42ch
ch 55 44 –– 66 66 Yes
Yes Yes
Yes 44 22 PT
PT I,I,EE
PIC32MK0512MCF064
PIC32MK0512MCF064 100
100 1024
1024 256
256 21
21 14
14 16
16 16
16 16
16 66 77ADC,
ADC,42
42ch
ch 55 44 –– 66 66 Yes
Yes Yes
Yes 44 22 PT
PT I,I,EE
ATSAMC20N
ATSAMC20N 100
100 256
256 32
32 66 88 88 88 12
12 11 22ADC,
ADC,20
20ch
ch 44 –– –– 88◊ ◊ 88◊ ◊ 88◊ ◊ No
No Yes
Yes No
No No
No PT
PT I,I,EE
ATSAMC20J
ATSAMC20J 64/56
64/56 256
256 32
32 66 88 88 88 12
12 11 22ADC,
ADC,20
20ch
ch 44 –– –– 66◊ ◊ 66◊ ◊ 66◊ ◊ No
No Yes
Yes No
No No
No PT
PT I,I,EE
ATSAMC20G
ATSAMC20G 48
48 256
256 32
32 66 88 88 88 12
12 11 22ADC,
ADC,20
20ch
ch 44 –– –– 66◊ ◊ 66◊ ◊ 66◊ ◊ No
No Yes
Yes No
No No
No PT
PT I,I,EE
ATSAMC20E
ATSAMC20E 32
32 256
256 32
32 66 88 88 88 12
12 11 22ADC,
ADC,20
20ch
ch 44 –– –– 44
◊◊
4*4* 4*4* No
No Yes
Yes No
No No
No PT
PT I,I,EE
ATSAMC21N
ATSAMC21N 100
100 256
256 32
32 12
12 88 88 88 12
12 11 22ADC,
ADC,20
20ch
ch 44 –– –– 88◊ ◊ 88◊ ◊ 88◊ ◊ No
No Yes
Yes x2
x2CAN-FD
CAN-FD No
No PT
PT I,I,EE
ATSAMC21J
ATSAMC21J 64/56
64/56 256
256 32
32 12
12 88 88 88 12
12 11 22ADC,
ADC,20
20ch
ch 44 –– –– 66◊ ◊ 66◊ ◊ 66◊ ◊ No
No Yes
Yes x2
x2CAN-FC
CAN-FC No
No PT
PT I,I,EE
ATSAMC21G
ATSAMC21G 48
48 256
256 32
32 12
12 88 88 88 12
12 11 22ADC,
ADC,20
20ch
ch 44 –– –– 66◊ ◊ 66◊ ◊ 66◊ ◊ No
No Yes
Yes x2
x2CAN-FC
CAN-FC No
No PT
PT I,I,EE
ATSAMC21E
ATSAMC21E 32
32 256
256 32
32 12
12 88 88 88 12
12 11 22ADC,
ADC,20
20ch
ch 44 –– –– 44◊ ◊ 44◊ ◊ 44◊ ◊ No
No Yes
Yes x2
x2CAN-FC
CAN-FC No
No PT
PT I,I,EE
ATSAMD21J
ATSAMD21J 64
64 256
256 32
32 12
12 55 33 33 12
12 11 11ADC,
ADC,20
20ch
ch 22 –– –– 66◊ ◊ 66◊ ◊ 66◊ ◊ No
No Yes
Yes No
No 11 –– ––
ATSAMD21G
ATSAMD21G 48
48 256
256 32
32 12
12 55 33 33 12
12 11 11ADC,
ADC,20
20ch
ch 22 –– –– 66◊ ◊ 66◊ ◊ 66◊ ◊ No
No Yes
Yes No
No 11 –– ––

Motor
MotorControl
Controland
andDrive
DriveDesign
DesignSolutions
Solutions 15
15
 Resources

Recommended Products for Brushless DC Motors, PMSMs and ACIMs (Continued)

Security Segments
Output Compare/
Standard PWM
Motor Control
Input Capture

Comparators

CodeGuard™

Temperature
Timer 16-bit
Device
Flash (KB)

DMA # Ch
RAM (KB)

Op Amps

Package
PWM Ch

USB 2.0

Range(3)
Analog

RTCC
UART

PMP
ADC

CAN
Pins

QEI

SPI

I2C
ATSAMD21E 32 256 32 12 5 3 3 12 1 1 ADC, 20 ch 2 – – 6◊ 6◊ 6◊ No Yes No 1 – –
ATSAMD21G16L 48 64 8 12 5 13 – 12 – 1 ADC, 18 ch 4 – – 6◊
6◊
6◊ No Yes No No – –
ATSAMD21E15L 32 32 4 12 5 13 – 12 – 1 ADC, 14 ch 4 – – 6◊ 6◊ 6◊ No Yes No No – –
ATSAMD21E16L 32 64 8 12 5 13 – 12 – 1 ADC, 14 ch 4 – – 6◊ 6◊ 6◊ No Yes No No – –

Training Classes
Motor Type Class Title Language Recording Date Duration

Brushed DC Brushed DC Motor Basics English 09/18/2008 14 min.

Stepper Motors Part 1: Types of Stepper Motors English 09/14/2007 19 min.

Stepper
Stepper Motors Part 2: Stepper Motor Control English 09/14/2007 17 min.

BLDC Sensorless BLDC Motor Control Using a Majority Function English 04/29/2008 19 min.

PMSM Sensorless Field-Oriented Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors English 03/30/2007 30 min.

ACIM Sensorless Field-Oriented Control (FOC) for AC Induction Motors English 01/21/2008 23 min.

Applications Notes
Motor Type/Algorithm Versus MCU Family
dsPIC® DSC
Motor Type Algorithm PIC16 Family PIC18 Family
Family
Full- and Half-Stepping AN906, AN907 – AN1307
Stepper Motor
Micro-Stepping – AN822 AN1307
Uni-Directional AN905 – –
Brushed DC
Bi-Directional AN893 – –
Motor
Servo Motor AN532, AN696 AN696 –
Sensored AN857, AN885, AN1779, AN2049 AN899 AN957
Sensored Sinusoidal – – AN1017
Sensorless BEMF AN857, AN1175, AN1305 AN970 AN901, AN992
Sensorless Filtered BEMF with Majority Detect – – AN1160
BLDC and PMSM
Sensorless Dual-Shunt FOC with SMO Estimator and Field Weakening – – AN1078
Sensorless Dual-Shunt FOC with SMO and PFC – – AN1208
Sensorless Dual-Shunt FOC with PLL Estimator and Field Weakening – – AN1292
Sensorless Single-Shunt FOC with SMO Estimator and Field Weakening – – AN1299
Open Loop V/F AN887, AN889, AN955, AN967, AN1660 AN900, AN843 AN984
Closed Loop Vector Control – – AN980
ACIM
Sensorless Dual-Shunt FOC with PLL Estimator – – AN1162
Sensorless Dual-Shunt FOC with PLL Estimator and Field Weakening – – AN1206
PFC – – AN1106
Appliance Class B (IEC 60730) – AN1229 AN1229
Other Motor Control Sensor Feedback Circuits AN894 AN894 AN894
MOSFET Driver Selection AN898 AN898 AN898
Current Sensing Circuit Concepts and Fundamentals AN1332 AN1332 AN1332

16 www.microchip.com/motor
 Resources

Motor Control Application Notes by Motor Type

Motor Type App Note Description
AN822 Stepper Motor Micro-stepping with PIC18C452
AN906 Stepper Motor Control Using the PIC16F684
Stepper Motor
AN907 Stepper Motor Fundamentals
AN1307 Stepper Motor Control Using the dsPIC® DSC
AN696 PIC18CXXX/PIC16CXXX DC Servomotor Applications
Brushed DC
AN893 Low-Cost Bi-directional Brushed DC Motor Control Using the PIC16F684
Motor
AN905 Brushed DC Motor Fundamentals
AN857 Brushless DC Motor Control Made Easy
AN885 Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Fundamentals
AN899 Brushless DC Motor Control Using PIC18FXX31 MCUs
AN901 Sensorless Control of BLDC Motor Using dsPIC30F6010
AN992 Sensorless Control of BLDC Motor Using dsPIC30F2010
AN957 Sensored Control of BLDC Motor Using dsPIC30F2010
AN970 Using the PIC18F2431 for Sensorless BLDC Motor Control
BLDC and PMSM AN1017 Sinusoidal Control of PMSMs with dsPIC30F With Four Quadrant Control
AN1078 Dual Shunt Sensorless FOC for PMSM with SMO Estimator and Field Weakening
AN1160 Sensorless BLDC Control with Back-EMF Filtering Using a Majority Function
AN1175 Sensorless Brushless DC Motor Control with PIC16
AN1208 Integrated Power Factor Correction and Sensorless Field-Oriented Control System
AN1292 Dual Shunt Sensorless FOC for PMSM with PLL Estimator and Field Weakening
AN1299 Single Shunt Sensorless FOC for PMSM with SMO Estimator and Field Weakening
AN1305 Sensorless 3-Phase Brushless Motor Control with the PIC16FXXX
AN843 Speed-Control of 3-Phase Induction Motor Using PIC18 Microcontrollers
AN887 AC Induction Motor Fundamentals
AN889 VF Control of 3-Phase Induction Motors Using PIC16F7X7 Microcontrollers
AN900 Controlling 3-Phase AC Induction Motors Using the PIC18F4431
AN908 Using the dsPIC30F for Vector Control of an ACIM
ACIM
AN955 VF Control of 3-Phase Induction Motor Using Space Vector Modulation
AN967 Bidirectional VF Control of Single and 3-Phase Induction Motor Using Space Vector Modulation
AN984 Introduction to ACIM Control Using the dsPIC30F
AN1162 Sensorless Field-Oriented Control (FOC) of an ACIM
AN1206 Sensorless Field-Oriented Control (FOC) of an ACIM Using Field Weakening
AN894 Motor Control Sensor Feedback Circuits
AN898 Determining MOSFET Driver Needs for Motor Drive Applications
Other AN1106 Power Factor Correction on dsPIC DSC
AN1229 Meeting IEC 60730 Class B Compliance with dsPIC DSC
AN1332 Current Sensing Circuit Concepts and Fundamentals
Note 1: dsPIC33 devices feature one or two user-selectable 1.1 Msps 10-bit ADC (4 S & H) or 500 ksps 12-bit ADC (1 S & H).
2: Op amps can be configured as comparators.
3: I = Industrial Temperature Range (−40°C to +85°C), E = Extended Temperature Range (−40°C to +125°C), H = High Temperature Range (−40°C to +140°C).
◊ Check www.microchip.com for availability.

Motor Control and Drive Design Solutions 17

 World Class Development Tools

MPLAB® X IDE
Universal and Integrated Tool
Set
MPLAB X IDE is a single, universal
graphical user interface for Microchip
and third-party software and hardware
development tools. It is the industry’s only
IDE to support an entire portfolio of 8-bit,
16-bit and 32-bit PIC® MCUs, dsPIC®
DSCs and memory devices.

MPLAB® X IDE supports Microchip’s compilers, emulators,

debuggers and starter kits, as well as many third-party tools.
Moving between all of your favorite Microchip tools and
upgrading from software simulators to hardware debugging MPLAB XC16 Compiler for PIC24 MCUs
and programming tools is simple with this IDE’s seamless and dsPIC DSCs
user interface.
The MPLAB XC16 Compiler includes a
complete ANSI C standard library, including
Powerful Yet User-Friendly Interface string manipulation, dynamic memory
With complete project management, visual call graphs, allocation, data conversion, timekeeping and
a configurable watch window and a feature-rich editor math libraries. The compiler has a powerful
that includes code completion, context menus and a task code optimizer. Other 16-bit MCU compilers
navigator, MPLAB X IDE is flexible and friendly enough for generate as much as 165% more code for
new users. the same application.
MPLAB X IDE is also fully equipped for the needs of The assembler comes with the MPLAB XC Compiler and may
experienced users with the ability to support multiple be used with the compiler or as an assembler. It is a full-
tools on multiple projects with multiple configurations and featured macro assembler. User-defined macros, conditional
simultaneous debugging. assembly and a variety of assembler directives make the
assembler a power code generation tool.
Open-Source Platform
Based on the NetBeans™ Platform, MPLAB X IDE supports Download a full-featured, time-restricted evaluation version of
a host of free software components and plug-ins from the the MPLAB XC16 Compiler for PIC24 MCUs or dsPIC DSCs
NetBeans community for high-performance application from www.microchip.com/compilers.
development customized to your needs. In addition to local
file history, MPLAB X IDE is also compatible with revision MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
control plug-ins and Bugzilla. The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator is a full-featured, cycle-
accurate software simulator available for MPLAB X IDE. In
Cross-Platform addition to simulating the CPU and the instruction set, it also
Using MPLAB X IDE, you can run your favorite toolset and supports key peripherals.
develop your next embedded application on Windows®,
Linux® or Mac OS® operating systems.

18 www.microchip.com/motor
 Motor Control Tuning GUIs

MPLAB® X IDE Plug-Ins

These software plug-in tools included with MPLAB X IDE assist with the development of motor control applications:
Data Monitor and Control Interface (DMCI)
Provides a customizable GUI to input and adjust software motor parameters using sliders and switches. Four customizable output
plots can be used to show a graphical history of control variables so that the motor dynamic response can by analyzed. This tool
is useful for tweaking software parameters and visualizing historical data during debug sessions. Most motor control application
note software comes with a setup file to automatically configure DMCI for the application.

Real-Time Data Monitor (RTDM)

Make a change to a software parameter and see the effect immediately without stopping the motor. A serial USB or UART cable
supports bi-directional data transfers between the host PC and the MCU/DSC. This is configured within DMCI and most motor
control application note software comes with a setup file to automatically configure RTDM for the application.

Motor Control and Drive Design Solutions 19

 Support Training
Microchip is committed to supporting its customers in de- If additional training interests you, Microchip offers several
veloping products faster and more efficiently. We maintain a resources including in-depth technical training and reference
worldwide network of field applications engineers and technical material, self-paced tutorials and significant online resources.
support ready to provide product and system assistance. For • Overview of Technical Training Resources:
more information, please visit www.microchip.com: www.microchip.com/training
• Technical Support: www.microchip.com/support • MASTERs Conferences:
• Evaluation samples of any Microchip device: www.microchip.com/masters
www.microchip.com/sample • Developer Help Website:
• Knowledge base and peer help: www.microchip.com/developerhelp
www.microchip.com/forums • Technical Training Centers:
• Sales and Global Distribution: www.microchip.com/sales www.microchip.com/seminars

Microchip authorised UK distributors and contact numbers:

Arrow Electronics Farnell Mouser Electronics

Tel: + 44 1279 441144 Tel: +44 3447 11 11 11 Tel: +44 1494 467 490
Fax: +44 3447 11 11 12 Fax: +44 1494 467 499

Avnet Silica
Future Electronics RS Components Ltd
Tel: +44 1438 788310 Tel: +44 1784 275 000 Tel: +44 8457 201 201
Tel: +44 1438 788250 Fax: +44 1784 275 600 Fax: +44 8458 509 911

Digi-Key Corporation INELTEK Ltd.

Tel: +1 800 344 4539 Tel: +44 1189 703388
Fax: +1 218 681 3380 Fax: +44 1189 810999

EBV Elektronik Micross

Tel: +44 16 28 77 85 56 Tel: +44 1603 788 967
Fax: +44 16 28 78 38 11 Fax: +44 1603 788 920

www.microchip.com
Microchip Technology Inc. | 2355 W. Chandler Blvd. | Chandler AZ, 85224-6199

Information subject to change. The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC, MPLAB and PIC are registered trademarks and CodeGuard and dsPICDEM are trademarks of Microchip
Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. mTouch is a registered trademark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of
their respective companies. © 2017, Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. DS00000896M. ML3112Eng07/17
GADGET MASTER

Meet BrightSpark
Sherzaad Dinah
 Sherzaad Dinah is a young engineer who has made his
mark at Nissan’s European technical centre, contributing to
many aspects of electronics design for cars

Earlier this year Electronics Weekly

teamed up with RS Components
to highlight the brightest and most
talented young electronic engineers in
the UK today.
In the latest in our continuing
series about the EW BrightSparks
of 2017 we introduce Sherzaad Dinah
That‘s it
of NTCE (Nissan Technical Centre
Europe).
Sherzaad works as a design and
development engineer involved
with the R&D unit at Cranfield, the
UK site of the company’s centre
of excellence for the design and electronics, audio sound quality
development of vehicles manufactured evaluation and tuning, vehicle
in its European plants. communication system checks (CAN)
Since joining Nissan a couple and on-board diagnostics.
of years ago, Sherzaad has been
strengthening the model-based test Enter BrightSparks 2018
team developing the electronic Electronics Weekly and RS Components
integrated platforms created to support have joined forces again to find a new  A huge selection
prototype vehicle builds. group of BrightSparks for 2018. Making  The best quality
He has been involved in aspects a nomination is easy and free. Just visit
of car design that include the smart www.electronicsweekly.com/brightsparks  An excellent service
key and keyless entry system, body for details.

buerklin.com

Some selection panel comments

Lindsley Ruth, CEO of RS Components, said: “As an electrical test engineer for Nissan
Sherzaad has contributed enormously to the business, having been involved in
many aspects of car design including smart key and keyless entry system, body
electronics, audio sound quality evaluation and tuning, vehicle communication
system check (CAN) and on-board diagnostics.”

Isabella Mascarenhas, the IET’s young professionals engagement manager, said:

“Sherzaad seems to have excellent communication skills as well as a natural
aptitude for design and development so is sure to enjoy a wealth of opportunities
in the future.”

www.electronicsweekly.com | 15 November 2017 17

TEST

How
 Hisham Salman explains why regular calibration is important
for ensuring conformance in RF testing

WCDMA and LTE RF conformance opinions about the ideal length of

testing platforms are designed to test time between calibration checks.
the RF transmission characteristics, However, test and measurement experts
performance requirements, and recommend that calibration should be

do you
radio resource management (RRM) checked on an annual basis to satisfy
performance of frequency-division the accredited calibration requirements
duplexing (FDD) and test-driven in line with ISO 17025 and ISO 9001
development (TDD) LTE mobile standards.
terminals for their compliance with the In addition to performing the
requirements of 3GPP (3rd Generation calibration checks, the traceability
Partnership Project) test cases. of calibration results to national and

test the
To achieve the required compliance international standards, including
there are certain parameters and certification and service reports, is
reference values that need to be advised, in order to comply with the
present and used by the so-called quality standards.
run time correction (RTC) function,
which automatically runs each time Traceability and accreditation
a connection to the user equipment All the major system providers are

testers?
is made and/or the test case is run by responsible for the selection and use of
Microsoft certified technology specialist the adequate measuring equipment as
(MCTS) test software. well as the purchase of the accredited
The initial reference values will calibration services for the test gear
come from the manufacturer of the RF used to ensure traceability of the test
conformance testing system and will be results achieved.
initially saved in the system’s database Furthermore, the traceability for
when it is installed. This data will be the on-site test gear must be assured
considered as the initial parameter by using measuring equipment and
readings. instruments that are themselves
System performance (system calibrated in a traceable manner and
specification) is calibrated at the also meet the specifications set down
time of the shipment of the system. by UKAS, the United Kingdom
Fundamental correction items are Accreditation Service.
measured simultaneously and then Accreditation laboratories ensure
saved as fundamental correction values that the expected measurement
ahead of the system shipment. These instrumentation uncertainty for
correction values are subsequently power level measurements, frequency
updated on demand, with periodic response, level accuracy measurements,
calibration. and so on, can be achieved.
In any RF system, instruments For example, Anritsu provides
are exposed to a certain level of traceable inspection and calibration
degradation depending on the use and

“
the operational age of the instrument.
How often should these reference
values be checked to ensure the The user needs
system’s conformity with 3GPP
requirements?
to make sure
that the whole
Annual calibration
test platform is
The answer to this question and to
many other quality-focused queries is operating within
to perform verification at the customer the factory-set
site in order to ensure that system
parameters are checked and calibrated
specified tolerance
Shutterstock

at recommended calibration intervals. limits

System providers may have differing

18 15 November 2017 | www.electronicsweekly.com

 TEST

“
the system. The run-time correction is
performed before each measurement.
If calibration is However, to keep the reliability
not performed of the system and to increase the
maintainability, the annual calibration
regularly it is essential to check the functionality
can affect the of the instruments that may degrade
with time.
instrument’s In the annual calibration, the
measurements frequency response, level accuracy
and findings and linearity error of the instruments
in the system will be calibrated using
a power meter and a power sensor.
The power meter and the spectrum
calibration is less invasive and incurs analyser are continuously measuring the
the least possible downtime (typically performance of the system and acting as
only one week for a full calibration a reference.
of a test system and all its individual If calibration is not performed
instruments). No packing or transport regularly, it can affect the instrument’s
of the test system is necessary as the measurements and subsequent findings,
calibration can be done on site. especially for platforms used in test
From the time of purchase, users houses or companies with ISO 17025
have a complete test, adjustment and accreditation, where the general
calibration of all the individual units requirements for the competence of
followed by a calibration of the entire testing is the production of accurate and
system. For subsequent calibrations the precise measurements.
programs needed are available in the The annual calibration of RF
MCTS software that is installed on the conformance instruments and test
server PC. platforms has two objectives. It checks
It will test the frequency response, the accuracy of the instrument and
power measurements linearity, level it determines the traceability of the
accuracy within the uncertainty measurement. In addition, calibration
ME7873L/LA RF conformance test system traceable to the initial and reference will check whether any device in the
values, using a power meter with a system is out of spec. If so it can be
power sensor, the signal generator sent for investigation or repair. In the
of all the test equipment inside its operating within the specified tolerance and a spectrum analyser to get the meantime, customers receive a support
laboratories before sending it to the limits initiated by the factory. measurements compared to the initial unit to continue normal activities.
UKAS labs, to ensure that the units Users can help to keep instrument and the reference values. A calibration report/certificate is
meet the defined UKAS specifications. measurements or measured values These will be connected through provided by Anritsu, which shows
As a result, they are calibrated to within the specified limits by general purpose interface bus (GPIB) the measurements including all the
UKAS and the relevant standards, so maintaining a stable temperature and interfaces to the test platform. The measured values.
traceability is guaranteed. This proves humidity in the test laboratory. test gear will then be connected to the The main concern and the biggest
to customers that the instruments are However, the major step that should test ports on the systems and the same issue that calibration addresses is
within the factory specifications. be taken is the annual calibration of the measurements will be run again. The that, as instruments age, measurement
Using accredited test equipment test system and individual instruments results will be compared in order to accuracy might drift in response
ensures that the highest standard of of the system. Providing customers with achieve verification. to environmental factors. Annual
testing is achieved and therefore the a regular (usually annual or bi-annual) At the time of delivery or installation calibration that is easy and traceable is
integrity of the tested instrument or traceable correction and calibration by of the system at the customer’s the answer. 
system is upheld. comparing the system’s or instruments’ site, the supplier’s team performs a
performance to a standard of known fundamental correction and calibration.
Why calibrate test gear? accuracy helps to increase their The values obtained will be considered
No measurement is ever 100% correct.
There will always be an unknown,
confidence in the instruments. as the first initial values together with
factory obtained values. All the annual
About the author
finite, non-zero difference between a Calibration procedure measurements thereafter should be Hisham Salman is
measured value and the corresponding When it comes to test equipment compared to these initial values.
EMEA field service and customer
“true” value or the reference value. calibration, the benefits of using
This means that the user needs to
support engineer at Anritsu
test platforms such as Anritsu’s The costs of neglecting calibration
make sure that the instruments – and RF conformance test platform Users of RF test platforms can run a
indeed the whole test platform – are ME7873L/LA (pictured) is that self-test procedure to check the status of

www.electronicsweekly.com | 15 November 2017 19

 CELEBRATE THE BRIGHTSPARK IN YOUR LIFE
Help Electronics Weekly highlight the great young design engineers in UK electronics

Electronics Weekly and RS Components have teamed up for a second year to celebrate the best
young electronic design engineers working in the UK today.

Through the BrightSparks programme, we find and highlight the young engineers, entrepreneurs,
students and innovators who are making waves in electronics today; and by celebrating their
achievements we hope to play our part in inspiring new entrants to engineering.

We need your help. If you know a brilliant engineer who is under 30, nominate them today to be a
BrightSpark – and play your part in demonstrating how the youngest engineers in the industry are
making UK electronics such an exciting place to be.

MAKE YOUR NOMINATION NOW

electronicsweekly.com/brightsparks
 An special report

The future of the

internet of things
 Ready or not, here it comes – the IoT is already changing the way
businesses operate and the electronics industry needs to prepare for
the security and environmental considerations now

CONTENTS
 Security is a deal-breaker for business
PAGE 23
 Chipset choice can affect security
PAGE 23
 How to create a sustainable IoT
PAGE 24

 Technologies enabling connected cars

SPONSORED FEATURE PAGE 27
 Smart manufacturing
SPONSORED FEATURE PAGE 29

170601_6Mill_EW_UK_Snipe.indd 1 5/31/1
170921_TROP_EW_UK.indd 1 9/18/17 10:31 AM
 VIEWPOINTS IOT

ANDREW BARRATT UK MANAGING DIRECTOR, COALFIRE

Security is a deal-breaker for business IoT devices

 There is a big difference between the security and quality needs of consumers and businesses buying electronic equipment

When a typical consumer shops for a new connected device, cyber specialists to scrutinise any device before it is used.
they are looking for the best functionality at the lowest price. In some cases, proactive manufacturers use security to
It’s unlikely that security will be the key concern in their demonstrate added value to their clients. However, IoT
decision-making process. But manufacturers selling devices devices are increasingly becoming a concern for risk
for business use are dealing with a far more security-savvy assessors, particularly in industrial applications such as
and risk-averse customer base. automation and robotics, where it could affect the physical
The focus on price means consumer devices vary wildly safety for employees.
in quality and security. As a result, there has been a steady The corporate model depends much more on repeat
stream of privacy breaches involving consumer-connected business than do consumer sales, so business-to-business
smart devices, although the impact on sales is usually limited. IoT manufacturers cannot afford to offload risk on to the
Many of these devices constantly collect audio and video customer. If a product causes a security breach, it’s likely the

“
feeds from inside users’ homes, and there is often no way for client will be lost for good.
consumers to know for certain where this information goes or The only answer for those building devices is to bake
who has access to it. robust security into design, along with comprehensive Cheap devices
Despite all this, it seems that cheap devices with minimal penetration testing before going to market and procedures for
security continue to win out, although manufacturers continuous diagnostics and monitoring thereafter. with minimal
of these products still need to be mindful of regulatory While this will make devices costlier, they are also likely security continue
responsibilities, particularly regarding health and safety, that to be more attractive to corporate customers who – unlike
necessitate at least some cyber security input. consumers – tend to like their technology to be reassuringly
to win out
Businesses that take security systems seriously engage expensive.

KEN MUNRO PARTNER, PEN TEST PARTNERS

How chipset choice can affect your IoT security

 With price and performance dominating the choice of chip, many users are leaving themselves open to security issues

The processor used in an IoT device is influenced by many decrypted data that you thought were safe are not, and this is
factors, but when it comes to selecting parts, the primary not always clear in documentation.
drivers seem to be price and performance. If you choose the If you are not battery powered, it might not make
wrong chip you may not be able to correct security issues for any difference whether it takes 500 milliseconds or 10
products in the field – the only option may be a recall. milliseconds to encrypt data. But when you move to a device
Because the chip in a common ESP8266 Wi-Fi module has powered by a CR2032 battery, that’s the difference between
no internal flash, it cannot possibly store your user’s Wi-Fi one month and two years of battery life.
keys securely. An attacker with access to the device can Many chips have hardware cryptography engines
recover the user’s credentials in under 20 seconds. supporting the most common algorithms such as AES-128
Its successor – the ESP32 – specifically addresses this and SHA-256. These can be far quicker – and hence more

“
issue. But it costs around $3 per device compared to $1.70 for energy efficient – than software implementations.
the ESP8266. Without a good entropy source for your RNG, you have no
Most microcontrollers have some form of debug access effective seed for your cryptography. A lack of randomness The primary
– JTAG, SWD or proprietary – allowing access to flash, leads to predictability, meaning that your crypto could be
registers and RAM. The majority have ‘fuses’ or other compromised. drivers seem
controls to prevent adversaries abusing this access. The chip at the heart of your IoT device might not be the to be price and
JTAG read-protection on the common EM3598 ZigBee obvious place to start when it comes to IoT security, but
chips prevents access to the flash memory but does not stop if you constrain your developers by skimping on security
performance
the attacker inspecting the RAM. Your private keys and functionality, you may pay the price further down the line.

www.electronicsweekly.com | 15 November 2017 23

IOT ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS

How to create a
sustainable IoT
 As the IoT extends its reach product designers must consider the environmental impact of their ideas, writes Kristopher Ardis

Let’s indulge the hyperbole of the for all the discarded devices that didn’t of things, and the ability to process a lot Powering the IoT responsibly
internet of things (IoT) for a moment: work past a year? of that data, so the answer to “can we” Fifty billion devices is a lot. Just think
do we have the silicon to connect 50 Do we have enough insurance for build IoT devices is, generally yes. about your own graveyard of electronic
billion devices? damages arising out of malicious But the answer to “should we” isn’t devices – probably mostly old phones
Do we have the networks to allow bot attacks? Do we have enough always a “yes” – if the devices aren’t and laptops, each with its own battery
them to get data to the cloud? Do we engineering capacity to build all of robust, they won’t last and their value is and obsolete electronic components.
have the manufacturing capacity to these different IoT devices within our limited. The return on investment (ROI) As devices get cheaper and we bring
build enough devices for every person lifetime? for deploying these devices won’t make more of them into the house, we create
on the planet to have seven connected Maybe not. sense if their lifetimes are limited. the potential for much larger quantities
things? Probably, yes. The greatest promise of the IoT is Semiconductor companies work to of scrap.
Now let’s succumb to the reality of the ability to invisibly connect things to close the “should we” gap by providing Many of us save old laptops and
the IoT: do we have a plan to cleanly improve the efficiency of our work and power-efficient, robust, and secure phones because our data is on them.
dispose of billions of batteries each our lives. silicon for sensing and controlling the We may not, however, have such a
year? Do we have the landfill space We have the technology to sense a lot world around us. connection to old thermostats or fitness
trackers, so many of these devices
may end up in landfills.
The alternative is to
use replaceable
batteries

Shutterstock

24 15 November 2017 | www.electronicsweekly.com

 ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS IOT

– but that scenario isn’t much better. cost-effective IoT nodes from the
Instead of piles of electronic devices beginning. Long the domain of critical
we’ll have piles of discarded batteries. infrastructure and financial transactions,
Semiconductor companies have powerful cryptographic tools are
the opportunity to ensure the IoT is available in low-power microcontrollers
powered responsibly, reducing the and companion processors that provide
number of discarded batteries by effective toolboxes for letting a
extending the life and usefulness of Bluetooth heart-rate sensor employ the
remote sensors. same cryptographic tools as a credit
Microcontrollers such as Maxim’s card terminal.
MAX32630 have plenty of horsepower IoT nodes can use advanced
and memory space to tackle complex, techniques such as elliptic-curve
value-added IoT applications while cryptography, making systems widely
consuming only 3.4µW from the deployable without risking system
battery (backing up 512KB SRAM). secret keys.
Power management ICs such as By using special hardware to
its MAX14745 wearable charge- implement these cryptographic
management solution ensure that power techniques, the IoT nodes perform
is delivered efficiently from the battery their secure functions faster and at
to the system, minimising loss from lower power than if they tried to do so
power regulation. in software.
And power-conscious sensors made Using these industry-standard
for wearable applications minimise The MAX32631 is an example of a low-power ARM Cortex-M4 with FPU processor that also cryptographic tools, IoT nodes can boot
the battery impact of detecting the integrates high-performance cryptographic engines securely only from trusted code bases,
real world. setting the stage for future, invisible
The result is sensors that can last feature upgrades and even security
longer and do more processing. patches. The IoT can be secure and
Nodes that can make more intelligent upgrade. Typically, you need to be enough to be upgraded for future needs: invisible after all.
remote decisions help reduce network able to store both the old and the new new home connectivity protocols, new
congestion when they don’t have to go revision of firmware until you are sure functionality, or just fixing bugs in what Can we? Should we?
to the cloud to make decisions, which that you have downloaded the correct got deployed in the first place. The technology is there to build
saves power by eliminating useless new firmware. But the biggest challenge looming plenty of IoT nodes, but real-world
network traffic. Microcontrollers such as Maxim’s over the IoT is trust. The sensors we challenges must be solved before the
have more flash and SRAM than any buy and deploy will collect intimate ROI calculations fall in favour of
Making the IoT last other low-power microcontrollers data about us: when we are home, deployment.
The latest connected door locks and and can extend their address space to what we watch on TV, and what Battery replacement must be
toasters are great, that is until someone external memory chips connected via appliances consume electricity in our mitigated and product life extended
releases a new home connectivity API, Quad-SPI, ensuring that embedded houses, for example. to maximise the potential lifetime of
or a critical bug is patched in firmware. applications can upgrade to any degree Some IoT devices may control sensors and actuators.
If these updates need human of complexity. critical functions in our homes: whether Future-proof IoT devices must be able
intervention to manage, then the electricity can be delivered to the to update as communications protocols
difficulty of using those devices goes up Trusting the IoT house, what the temperature setting for and processing demands change. And
as the ROI goes down. The answer to “should we build the the house should be, whether the garage the data we receive along with the
However, updates are critical to IoT IoT” is getting a little clearer. We can door is down or up. commands we send must be trusted.
devices – new players in the cloud build devices with low enough power When you talk about the IoT in The goal is to make the IoT invisible.
computing space may create a need to mitigate the number of batteries and industrial settings, the threats are even Semiconductor companies are working
to send data to new locations, new devices that find their ways to a landfill. more severe: will your city continue to to make sure IoT devices get deployed
functionality may be dreamed up by the We can build devices that are flexible have reliable electricity, will nuclear once and can safely be forgotten. 
device engineers and security risks may power plants operate as intended,

“
warrant a review of the functionality of will manufacturing lines operate
an IoT device. productively or will they break due
But if IoT devices can’t be updated, The biggest to malware?
About the author
they run the risk of becoming obsolete The IoT needs to be both trusted
every time the market changes.
challenge looming and invisible – two seemingly at-odds Kristopher Ardis is
To make IoT devices last, they need over the internet goals. Trusted means constant security executive director,
the ability to be updated in the field. of things is trust patches, which require user intervention micros and security
There are security aspects to this, (and, thus, ruin invisibility), right? business unit at
but there is also a practical need for Not necessarily. Maxim Integrated
sufficient memory to handle a firmware Security can be built into

www.electronicsweekly.com | 15 November 2017 25

mentor_automotive_EWeekly_226x300mm+5mm_v03.pdf 1 29.03.2017 19:22:54

Mentor Automotive

connectivity autonomous
connecting car, driver autonomous driving
& the external world & driver assist systems

electrification architecture
electric vehicles EE architecture
& supporting technology & system implementation

For more information:

www.mentor.com/automotive
 SPONSORED FEATURE IOT

Technologies enabling the connected car

ANDREW PATTERSON

Autonomous vehicles aren’t suffering

from a lack of media attention. And
while it’s true that fleets of algorithm-
powered robots on wheels are coming,
enabling technologies including
network connectivity, satellite and
roadside transceivers, and internet
Table 1
cloud servers are an essential pre-
requisite. Such technologies, more and
more of which run on Linux, are also with a range of different “source” and
supporting advanced driver assistance “sink” nodes in the vehicle.
systems (ADAS) and increasingly
feature-rich infotainment systems that Connected car technology stack
consumers expect. We will take a look Wireless communication standards
at some of the key elements of the have their foundation in the IEEE
technology here. specification 802.11. The standard
captures a set of MAC and physical
Digital media layer (PHY) specifications covering
One of the main benefits of the the implementation of both fixed Local
Table 2
connected car is the availability Area Networks (LANs) and Wireless
of digital media to both driver and Local Area Networks (WLANs). It is
passengers. New in-vehicle networking by far the most popular solution for
standards such as Ethernet Audio-Video network-based communication and is
Bridging (eAVB) and Automotive used by many device types ranging
Audio Bus® (A2B®) are evolving to from office and home computers to
allow fast transmission of high-quality smartphones and consumer electronics.
audio and video to digital consumers For connected car/V2X
in the vehicle. The communication communication, frequencies based on
bandwidth for in-vehicle Ethernet is 5.9GHz DSRC have been selected. This
already well established at 100MB/s or provides the capabilities needed for
more, and maximizing the bandwidth of connected cars, communicating with
the wireless link and in-car network is each other and roadside infrastructure
Figure 1
essential. (Table 1) that are summarized in Table 2.
To help ensure interoperability Linux® is increasingly becoming
between devices that implement the an established and preferred operating Having an optimized, secure, and
AVB standards, the AVNU Alliance system in moving vehicles, and hosting future-proof software platform is an
has been established to develop device communications software. Many important first step for connected
certification for the automotive, different versions have emerged, vehicle technology and Mentor
consumer, and professional audio and but few are considered automotive- Graphics has established itself as a
video markets. Figure 1 shows a grade and production-ready in their market leader in the provision of Linux-
typical eAVB in-vehicle architecture original form. Companies like based in-car information systems. A
Mentor Graphics have specialized in Tier 1 designer or OEM manufacturer
customizing many aspects of default can take Mentor’s software building
About the author Linux distributions, such as boot-time blocks and reference designs to create
Andrew Patterson is the Market and optimization from a default of 15 to differentiated solutions for ADAS and
Figure 2 : Linux-based Communication Stack
Business Development Director for 20 seconds down to 2 seconds or less, connected car implementations.
Mentor Graphics Embedded Software and provide integration of essential
Division based in the United communications software stacks. This article is adapted from the Mentor Graphics whitepaper “Connected Cars
Kingdom. He holds a masters degree A typical automotive Linux stack, Quickly Becoming Part of the Internet of Things (IoT)” published earlier this year.
in Engineering and Electrical Sciences highlighting the IEEE 802.11p wireless
from Cambridge University. communication elements, is shown in Read the entire whitepaper here: http://go.mentor.com/4vzvv
Figure 2.

www.electronicsweekly.com | 15 November 2017 27

 SPONSORED FEATURE IOT

Smart Manufacturing: Memory and Storage

Considerations for IoT Gateways and Edge Servers
Quotient (IQ). Micron’s
IQ reflects the mindset
that the right electronic
components and storage
A smart factory, or for that matter, solutions selected up
most industrial IoT deployments, front in the design
consist of a combination of highly process matter to long-
heterogenous devices, including brown term success. Micron’s
field installations (new hardware and full industrial portfolio
software that coexist with legacy IT embraces this mindset
systems), and newer sensors, end-points - it helps you meet not
and devices. An Industrial IoT gateway only functional product
is a way to connect all of these devices requirements, but also
and bring them to the IP (Internet helps ensure long-term
Protocol) domain for further edge quality and reliability
processing or backhaul to the cloud. Figure 1 of your product, in a
Industrial IoT gateways need to wide range of rugged
support standard Ethernet, Controller environments or industrial use cases,
Area Network (CAN) and industrial It also enables application providers timelines, obsolescence management, while keeping the product life cycle
Ethernet protocols (e.g. PROFINET, to deliver data centre performance performance, and quality and reliability management simple, which can drive
Modbus TCP, MQTT) for wired at the network’s edge. Edge servers requirements. down total cost of ownership (TCO).
interfaces, and they may support many in a manufacturing environment For example, commercial electronic
wireless protocols such as Bluetooth, must typically be available 24/7 with components move to next-generation Conclusion
Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Zwave, ULE etc. continuous recording and analysing silicon lithography every 18-24 IoT gateways and edge servers are
Industrial IoT gateways are designed capabilities. The edge servers may months. This is not ideal for smart predicted to be a critical element in
to be always on and are ruggedised directly communicate with sensor manufacturing deployments because smart manufacturing deployments.
to withstand harsh environments that arrays/end-points and not have the planning, qualification and execution Choosing the right memory and
may be encountered on the smart need to utilise an IoT gateway as an can take longer than the duration storage solutions that provide
manufacturing floor. And since they aggregation node. of typical mainstream component application-tailored reliability, quality,
may be connecting a factory’s internal Edge servers are typically connected availability. Smart manufacturing performance and longevity will be the
infrastructure to the outside world, they by high-speed Ethernet for high- deployments need to ensure that the key to successful deployments with the
must support high-level cyber-security reliability connection with the IoT equipment bill of material (BOM) does best return on investment.
features. gateway/factory network, but they may not change since initial costs associated Micron has been a trusted advisor
also support wireless LAN and fibre- with qualification, BOM control and to our embedded customers for over
The role of edge servers based LAN connections. They may early obsolescence of a product, as well 25 years. We truly understand the
While an IoT gateway can offload rely on external broadband gateway for as long-term quality and reliability, can unique needs of this market and have
computing tasks and provide local cloud-connectivity, or they may directly significantly impact factory deployment developed deep application-level
storage, it can be more efficient to use include a cellular communication schedules and total cost. expertise and a portfolio designed
a central local server to do this across module to leverage long term evolution Micron has been collaborating and with that in mind. Most importantly,
multiple IoT gateways. Moving the (LTE) networks based on deployment servicing industrial customers for over we bring to the market a mindset
processing and storage to a ruggedised needs. 25 years and has deep understanding to deliver sustainable value to our
computing unit – that is the edge of customer pain points and business customers—because we firmly believe
server – also creates a more scalable Importance of memory selection requirements in this market, and, as a that IQ matters in our customers’
architecture where more compute and For both IoT gateways and edge result, has initiated Micron’s Industrial success.
storage units can be added to deal with servers going into industrial/smart
higher complexity, independent of the manufacturing deployments, memory
Learn more at www.micron.com/embedded.
gateway. selection is extremely important.
An edge server analyses Decision makers should consider a ©2017 Micron Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Micron and the Micron logo are trademarks
manufacturing data in motion, speeding full-solution evaluation; including: of Micron Technology, Inc. All othertrademarks are the property of their respective owners.
up decision making on the factory floor. qualification and product availability

www.electronicsweekly.com | 15 November 2017 29

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