PACKAGED DRINKING WATER
Packaged drinking water means water derived from any source of potable water which may be subjected to
treatments such as, decantation, filtration, combination of filtrations, aeration, filtration with membrane filter,
depth filter, cartridge filter, activated carbon filtration, demineralization, remineralization, reverse osmosis or
any other method to meet the prescribed standard and packed. It may be disinfected to a level that will not
lead to harmful contamination in the drinking water.
The potable water used for production of packaged drinking water is water derived from any source (such as
ground water like borewell, public drinking water systems such as Municipality Supply or Supplies from other
sources) received on regular basis. Supplies of such water through pipelines or tankers would be acceptable
provided the source remains the same
Processed water may be disinfected by means of chemical agents and/or physical methods to control the
micro-organisms to a level that does not compromise food safety or suitability for consumption. Various
means adopted for disinfection include ozonization, ultraviolet treatment, silver ionization, etc. and/or
combination thereof.
The processed water shall be filled in sealed containers of various types/sizes/shapes made from the plastic
materials permitted under ISS, suitable for direct consumption without further treatment.
BIS has published two Indian Standards for Packaged Drinking Water namely IS 13428 for Packaged Natural
Mineral Water and IS 14543 for Packaged Drinking Water (Other Than Packaged Natural Mineral Water).
Both the products are under mandatory certification.
FLOWCHART
SOURCE (surface water)
FILTRATION WITH JUMBO
SAND FILTRATION
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FILTRATION
HIGH PRESSURE PUMP
REVERSE OSMOSIS
0.2 MICRON FILTRATION
UV FILTRATION
OZONATION
FINAL STORAGE TANK
PET BOTTLE HOLDING STATION
BOTTLE WASHING (9 NOZZLE)
AUTO FILLING MACHINE
CAPPING (4 SCREW CAP NOZZLE)
FINAL EXAMINATION
BATCH CODING
PACKAGING (PRIMARY AND SECONDARY)
QUALITY CONTROL TEST
STORAGE/ DISPATCH
PROCEDURE:
SOURCE:
Source of water is surface water.
Water is disinfected by chlorine while storing in 40000 Liter storage tank.
FILTRATION WITH JUMBO:
In this first step the raw water is passed through the jumbo filter which removed the
solid large particle or debris present in the raw water.
SAND FILTRATION:
Sand Filtration is used for the removal of suspended matter, as well as floating and
sinkable particles. Sand filters work by allowing water to cycle through a canister that contains sand,
the water is passed through a layer of porous sand which trap the particles present in the water.
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FILTRATION:
Activated Charcoal filtration is one of many processes commonly used in water treatment
to remove contaminants such as organic materials, and since it also can remove odor-causing
contaminants like Chlorine. It’s often used to make drinking water more palatable.
HIGH PRESSURE PUMP:
The pump moves water in a cylinder through a piston or plunger. It is the pump that
produces a force so that the water creates a flow. It helps the water which is at lower concentration
moved to higher concentration.
REVERSE OSMOSIS:
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a partially permeable
membrane to separate ions, unwanted molecules and larger particles from drinking water. The result
is that the solute is retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure solvent is allowed
to pass to the other side.
MICRON FILTRATION (0.2, 0.45, 0.5):
0.5 micron filtration: It removes most of the particles visible to the naked eye.
0.45 micron filtration: It removes larger bacteria or particles and are often used in water
quality QC testing.
0.2 micron filtration: It reduces and/or removes bacteria, Cryptosporidium, cyst, E.coli.
Giardia, iron, Legionella, manganese, norovirus, parasites, polio, pseudomonas, rotavirus,
sediments, ultrafine particulates, viruses, and other biological hazards.
UV FILTRATION:
Ultraviolet water purification is the most effective method for disinfecting bacteria from
the water. UV rays penetrate harmful pathogens in your home’s water and destroy illness-causing
microorganisms by attacking their genetic core (DNA).
OZONATION:
Ozonation is a type of advanced oxidation process, involving the production of very
reactive oxygen species able to attack a wide range of organic compounds and all microorganisms.
FINAL STORAGE:
QUALITY CONTROL TEST (daily test) FOR PACKAGED DRINKING
WATER
1. Ph
2. Chlorine
3. TDS( Total Dissolved Solids)
4. Alkalinity
5. Hardness
6. Residual free Chlorine test
7. Chloride test
This are some daily test performed to meet the specification given by Bureau of Indian Standards
1. pH test:
pH (potential of Hydrogen) is a measure of how acidic or basic aqueous or
other liquid solution.
PROCEDURE:
i. Take 10ml water.
ii. Then add 5 drops of universal pH indicator.
OBSERVATION:
pH of raw water(from source): 6.9
pH of Packaged Drinking Water: 7.2
*Note: pH in Packaged Drinking Water should be in the range of 6.5 to 8.5 according to BIS.
2. Chlorine test:
PROCEDURE:
i. Take 10ml of sample water.
ii. Then add 1ml of Chlorotex reagent.
iii. Observe the chance in colour.
OBSERVATION:
Absence of chlorine: Colourless
Presence of Chlorine: Pink, blue colour
3. TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) test
Total dissolved solids (TDS) is a term used to describe the inorganic matter present in solution in
water.
A TDS meter is a small hand-held device used to indicate the total dissolved solids in a solution, usually
water. Since dissolved ionized solids, such as salts and minerals, increased the conductivity of a solution, a
TDS meter measures the conductivity of the solution and estimates the TDS from that reading.
PROCEDURE:
i. Take 10ml of water
ii. With the help of TDS Pen, measure the total dissolved solids.
OBSERVATION:
i. TDS of Raw water: 56
ii. TDS of packaged water: 13
*Note: The TDS in packaged drinking water should not be more than 500mg/L
4. Alkalinity test:
Alkalinity refers to the capacity of the water body to neutralized the acid and base present in the water.
PROCEDURE:
i. Take 20ml of water.
ii. Add 2 drops of the mixed indicator (indicator is made by mixing methyl red indicator and
Bromocresol at the ratio of 2:1) to the water.
iii. Titrate against 0.002 N H2SO4.until it appears pinkish. .
iv. Record the value.
OBSERVATION:
Initial colour: Blue
Final colour: Light pink
Titrate value: 0.28
CALCULATION:
Titrate value× Normality × Molecular wt .
Alkalinity=
volume of t h e sample
RESULT:
Alkalinity of Raw Water: 24mg/L
Alkalinity of Packaged water: 15mg/L
5. Hardness test:
Hardness test tells us how different concentrations of untreated hardness minerals will make the water
behave. It is important to know the hardness of water to lower the toxicity of other metals whichmay be
unfit for consumption.
PROCEDURE:
i. Take 20 ml of sample water.
ii. Add 2ml of BUFFER 10 SOLUTION.
iii. Then add 2-3 drops of EBT indicator.
iv. Titrate against EDTA solution.
OBSERVATION:
Intial colour: wine red
Final colour: blue
Titrate value: 0.3
CALCULATION:
Titrate value ×1000
Hardness=
volume of sample
RESULT:
Hardness of Raw Water: 50mg/L
Hardness of Packaged Water: 14mg/L
6. Residual Free Chlorine test
PROCEDURE:
1. Take 100ml of sample water.
2. Bring the sample to pH 3 with acetic acid. Na2S2O3
3. Add 1g of iodine
CALCULATION:
Residual Free Chlorine (mg/L)=
volume of std sodiumt h iosulp h ate used × Normality of sodium t h iosulp h ate ×35450
Voume of sample taken
RESULT:
Residual Free Chlorine raw water: 22.33 mg/L
Residual Free Chlorine Product water: BDL( Below Detected Level)
