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Bony Thorax - ESSAY : Patruica Andrei

The bony thorax, or rib cage, is a conical structure formed by the thoracic spine, ribs, costal cartilage, and sternum, housing vital organs like the heart and lungs. Its shape and size vary with age, sex, and certain conditions, with notable differences between children, adults, and the elderly. The ribs are categorized into true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs based on their connection to the sternum, and can be affected by conditions such as kyphosis and scoliosis.

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Andrei Patruica
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37 views3 pages

Bony Thorax - ESSAY : Patruica Andrei

The bony thorax, or rib cage, is a conical structure formed by the thoracic spine, ribs, costal cartilage, and sternum, housing vital organs like the heart and lungs. Its shape and size vary with age, sex, and certain conditions, with notable differences between children, adults, and the elderly. The ribs are categorized into true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs based on their connection to the sternum, and can be affected by conditions such as kyphosis and scoliosis.

Uploaded by

Andrei Patruica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bony Thorax - ESSAY ( PATRUICA ANDREI )

Thoracic bones is a box formed by the thoracic spine, ribs with costal
cartilage and sternum.

DESCRIPTION: The bony thorax or rib cage has the shape of a modified
cone trunk. Its size and shape vary according to age, sex, constitution,
occupation and certain pathological conditions.

The chest (Compages thoracis)


comprises an inner cavity (Cavitas thoracis) that houses important
organs: the heart, lungs, large vessels and important nerves.

In children, the ribs are slightly oblique


and, as a result, the transverse diameter of the thorax is small. In adults,
the transverse diameter increases as the lungs develop. In the elderly,
the thorax becomes round and stiff due to ossification of the costal
cartilage. The thorax in women is shorter and has a smaller transverse
diameter than in men. In the asthenic type, the bony thorax is long and
narrow, and in the hyperstene type, short and wide.

Pathological kyphosis and scoliosis can


change the shape of the chest, in scoliosis, the two halves of the chest
are not symmetrical. In kyphosis, the bony thorax is flattened
transversely and elongated in the sagittal plane.

The ribs can fracture when the trauma exceeds their limit of elasticity
and endurance. Sometimes fractures can be complicated by damage to
the thoracic organs.

An intercostal space (Spatium


intercostale) is delimited between two neighboring coasts. This space is
closed by the intercostal muscles and is crossed by the intercostal
vessels and nerves.

1. The sternum is an unpaired median bone, located in the anterior part


of the bony thorax, being long and flattened, consisting of three parts:

a) the upper part (called the handle)

b) the middle part (called the body)

c) the lower part (called the xiphoid process)

The three parts of the sternum are joined by two synchondrosis:


manubriosternal synchondrosis and xiposternal synchondrosis.

2. The ribs are arches that detach from the spine and go to the front of
the chest (to the sternum). The coasts are 12 pairs in number and are
numbered from top to bottom, starting with coast I, II, III, IV, etc. and
ending with coast XII.

According to their relationship with the sternum, the ribs are divided
into two groups:

a) The true ribs reach the sternum and are represented by the first
seven pairs. Note I-VII.

b) The false ribs do not reach the sternum and are represented by the
last five pairs. It is noted VIII-XII.

These ribs can also be divided into two groups, namely:

- the first group formed by the eighth, ninth and tenth pairs, which,
although they do not reach the sternum, are still articulated by their
anterior extremity with one of the costal cartilages located above.

- the second group formed by the 11th and 12th pairs, which have the
anterior extremity unarticulated with the sternum. They are called
floating or floating ribs.

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