ISO 10360

Acceptance and re-verification tests for

Coordinate Measuring Machines

a brief introduction
ISO 10360

Acceptance and re-verification Tests for A brief introduction

Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs)
Consisting of:
Since 1994 the ISO 10360 »Acceptance
ISO 10360-1 (2000): and re-verification Tests for Coordinate
Vocabulary (1) Measuring Machines« is in force. This
standard describes the procedures to
ISO 10360-2 (2001): verify the performance of Coordinate
CMMs used for measuring size Measuring Machines (CMMs).

ISO 10360-3 (2000): Before purchasing a CMM, it is impor-

tant to get familiar with the basics of
CMMs with the axis of a rotary table as
this standard. The following pages are
the fourth axis
intended as a guide through the ISO
10360. Some terms and definitions
ISO 10360-4 (2000):
have been simplified for a more easy
CMMs used in scanning measuring understanding.
mode
Although the ISO 10360 is an internati-
ISO 10360-5 (2000): onal accepted standard, there are still
CMMs using multiple-stylus probing CMM makers who specify their CMMs
system according to other outdated national
standards, such as VDI/VDE 2617 (Ger-
ISO 10360-6 (1999): man) or B89 (American).
Estimation of errors in computing
Gaussian associated features (1) Only if customers insist on specifica-
tions based on ISO 10360, they can
(1)
Not dealt with in this introduction compare the performance of CMMs
made by different manufacturers.

The original ISO standards can be ob-

tained for example through publishing
house Beuth at www.beuth.de.


ISO 10360-2 CMMs used for measuring size

Volumetric Length Measuring Error E Volumetric Probing Error P

(Form Error of the CMM)

Test procedure
• A set of 5 length gauges is measured • A reference sphere is measured with
3 times in 7 spatial positions. 25 evenly distributed points.
• Total number of measurements: • P = (Rmax - Rmin = Sphere form)
5 x 3 x 7 = 105. => Form error of the CMM
• 100% of results must be within the
specification.

General remark:
The ISO 10360 also uses the terms MPEE, MPEP, MPETHP etc.
MPE stand for „Maximum Permitted Error“. In CMM metrology the specifications
are colloquially referred to as just E, P, THP etc.

ISO 10360-2 Where do E and P apply?

Volumetric Length Measuring Error E

describes the CMM error when

measuring

• Distances
• Diameters
• Position Tolerance

Volumetric Probing Error P

describes the CMM error at all form

inspections

• Free Form Tolerances

• Straightness
• Flatness
• Roundness
• Cylindricity
in single point modus.


ISO 10360-3 CMMs with the axis of a rotary table as the fourth axis

Rotary table Errors are:

Radial Error FR - Tangential Error FT - Axial Error FA

Test procedure
1. Fix spheres A and B on RT. 6. Rotary table error - Radial
(recom.: ∆ h = 400, r = 200mm).(1) FR = Max. range in X (A or B)
. Measure sphere B and set center-
Rotary table error - Tangential
point to zero (0,0,0).
FT = Max. range in Y (A or B)
3. Measure sphere A in 14 positons:
7 positions from 0° to 720° Rotary table error - Axial
7 positions from 720° to 0. FA = Max. range in Z (A or B)
4. Measure sphere B in 14 positions:
7 from 0° to 720°
7 from 720° to 0°
At the last position (28) measure
sphere A one more time
5. Calculate range of X, Y and Z for
A and B.

The errors of a rotary table generally increase

(1)

with ∆ h, radius r and table load.


ISO 10360-3 CMMs with the axis of a rotary table as fourth axis

Evaluation of a rotary table test according to ISO 10360-3

Position Angle Measured Coordinates for
No. Test sphere A Test sphere B
XA YA ZA XB YB ZB
0 0 401.6647 0.0000 -398.276 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000
1 103 401.6632 0.0011 -398.2285 - - -
2 206 401.6631 -0.0016 -398.2270 - - -
3 309 401.6625 -0.0014 -398.22 92 - - -
4 412 401.6652 0.0012 -398.2285 - - -
5 515 401.6648 0.0009 -398.2290 - - -
6 618 401.6660 -0.0011 -398.2270 - - -
7 721 401.6646 -0.0018 -398.2263 - - -
8 618 401.6658 -0.0015 -398.2273 - - -
9 515 401.6635 0.0006 -398.2265 - - -
10 412 401.6623 0.0003 -398.2260 - - -
11 309 401.6649 -0.0011 -398.2264 - - -
12 206 401.6640 0.0009 -398.2278 - - -
13 103 401.6638 0.0004 -398.2285 - - -
14 0 401.6655 -0.0013 -398.2277 0.0012 -0.0011 0.0015
15 -103 - - - -0.0005 0.0005 0.0007
16 -206 - - - -0.0011 0.0009 -0.0003
17 -309 - - - 0.0014 0.0014 -0.0010
18 -412 - - - 0.0020 0.0000 0.0002
19 -515 - - - 0.0001 -0.0019 0.0012
20 -618 - - - -0.0010 -0.0010 0.0012
21 -721 - - - 0.0017 0.0016 0.0009
22 -618 - - - -0.0003 0.0003 0.0013
23 -515 - - - -0.0009 -0.0003 -0.0008
24 -412 - - - -0.0017 -0.0018 -0.0003
25 -309 - - - 0.0011 0.0004 0.0006
26 -206 - - - 0.0018 0.0015 0.0004
27 -103 - - - 0.0005 0.0004 0.0014
28 0 401.6628 0.0020 -398.2290 -0.0018 -0.0009 -0.0007
Rotary Table Error FRA FTA FAA FRB FTB FAB
3.7µm 3.8µm 3.2µm 3.8 3.5 2.5

Test result:
Rotary table error in radial direction FR = 3.8µm
Rotary table error in tangential direction FT = 3.8µm
Rotary table error in axial direction FA = 3.2µm

Marked with are the maximum deviations.

Remark: Rotary table errors are always specified for „Rotary table and CMM“. The same rotary table
used on different types of CMMs will have different specifications.


ISO 10360-4 CMMs used in scanning measuring mode

Scanning Probing Error THP Test procedure

• A reference sphere, Ø 25 mm, is
scanned at 4 defined lines.
• THP is the range of all radii (spere
form, i.e. Form Error of the CMM in
scanning mode).
Important:
2 3 The scanning measuring error depends
on the scanning speed. Therefore the
1
CMM maker has to specifiy the THP-
4 value with the corresponding total
measuring time, for example THP = 1.5
µm at t = 45 sec.

Where does THP apply?

THP defines the measuring error of the

CMM for Form Measurements:

• Straightness
• Flatness
• Roundness
• Cylindricity
• Free Form Tolerances
when the CMM is used in scanning
mode.

Note: THP means „scanning on a Predefined

path, collecting a High density of points“. The
ISO 10360-4 describes also test procedures
for TLP, THN and TLN. But they are usually not
specified in CMM metrology.


ISO 10360-5 CMMs using multiple-stylus probing system

Multiple Stylus Errors of Location, Size and Form

Fixed probing system Articulating probing system

Test procedure
Qualify 5 orthogonal styli of length L. Qualify 1 stylus (length 20 mm) with
extension LE in 5 orthogonal positions.

A high precision reference sphere is measured with each stylus resp. with each
qualified position. Every sphere measurement takes 25 probings, total number of
probings is 5 x 25 = 125.

Evaluations(1):
Multiple Stylus Location Error
ML resp. AL = Max. Range of the 5 centre coordinates in X, Y or Z.

Multiple Stylus Size Error

MS resp. AS = Deviation from the calibrated diameter (all 125 points).

Multiple Stylus Form Error

MF resp. AF = Form error of the calculated sphere (all 125 points).

„A“ stands for „articulating probe system“

(1)

„M“ stands for „fixed probe system“


ISO 10360-5 CMMs using multiple-stylus probing system

Multiple Stylus Errors of Location, Size and Form: Evaluations

Multiple Stylus Size Error AS / MS (1)

over 125 points

• from 5 different styli (fixed head) or
5 different orientations (articulating
head).

Multiple Stylus Form Error AF / MF (1)

over 125 points

from 5 different styli (fixed head) or
5 different orientations (articulating
head).

Multiple Stylus Location Error AL / ML (1)

Biggest axial distance in X, Y or Z

between the 5 measured center points.

„A“ stands for „articulating probe system“

(1)

„M“ stands for „fixed probe system“


ISO 10360-5 Where do AL, AS and AF apply?

Multi Stylus Probing Errors Example:

for CMMs with articulating probe system CMM specs:
AL (Location), E = 2.4 + L / 300; P = 2.8µm
AS (Size) and AL = 4.8µm; AS = 1.9µm
AF (Form) AF = 8.6µm
have to be considered, if for a measure-
Measuring feature:
ment of a feature the probe system has to
be articulated. Distance 500 ±0.030

Max. CMM measuring error for this

feature:
= AL + E
= 4.8 + 2.4 + 500 / 300
= 4.8 + 2.4 + 1.7
=> 8.9µm

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ISO 10360-5 Where do ML, MS and MF apply?

Multi Stylus Probing Errors Example:

for CMMs with a fixed probe system CMM specs:
ML (Location), E = 0.9 + L / 600; P = 0.9µm
MS (Size) and ML = 1.9µm; MS = 0.5µm
MF (Form) MF = 3.0µm
have to be considered, if for a measure-
Measured feature:
ment of a feature more than 1 stylus is
used. Distance 500 ±0.030

Max. CMM measuring error for this Max. CMM measuring error for this
feature: feature:
= ML + E =E
= 1.9 + 0.9 + 500 / 600 = 0.9 + 500 / 600
= 1.9 + 0.9 + 0.8 = 0.9 + 0.8
=> 3.6µm => 1.7µm

In this case the multiple styli error ML

has to be considered.

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Attention should also be paid to the following restrictions

1. Styli are big differences between the

For which styli are the stated measuring various CMM makers. For example the
errors valid? specification for the length measuring
error E is given by 3 different CMM
For information on that please check
makers for the following styli:
the fine print in the data sheets.
Regarding this important subject there

CMM maker A: CMM maker B: CMM maker C:

scale 1 : 3
Attention:
If the data sheet does not clearly specify, for which styli length and diameter the stated measuring
errors are valid check with the manufacturer.

2. Environment, throughput and part material

When evaluating the measuring errors of a CMM, it is also important to know:
• For which temperature range and temperature gradients are the stated specifica-
tions valid?
• For which machine dynamics (probing frequency, acceleration and moving
speed) are the stated specifications valid?
• For which part material are the stated specifications valid?
For steel (coefficient of expansion 11.5µm/m/K) or only for Invar/Zerodur (coeffi-
cient of expansion close to 0µm/m/K)

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Ratio of CMM measuring error to tolerance

CMM Capability Charts

This chart is used to determine which CMM specification E is required in order to
measure a distance or a diameter with a given tolerance.

Tolerance Distance or diameter [mm]

[mm] 50 100 200 400 600 1000 2000
± 0.003 0.3+ L / 1000
± 0.005 0.5 + L / 900 0.4 + L / 1000 0.3 + L / 1000
± 0.007 0.7 + L / 700 0.5 + L / 500 0.5 + L / 1000 0.3 + L / 1000
± 0.010 0.9 + L / 400 0.8 + L / 500 0.6 + L / 500 0.5 + L / 800 0.4 + L / 1000
± 0.015 1.3 + L / 300 1.2 + L / 350 0.9 + L / 350 0.7 + L / 500 0.6 + L / 800 0.4 + L / 900
± 0.020 1.8 + L / 200 1.6 + L / 250 1.3 + L / 300 0.9 + L / 350 0.8 + L / 500 0.6 + L / 700
± 0.030 2.8 + L / 200 2.6 + L / 250 2.2 + L / 250 1.7 + L / 300 1.5 + L / 400 1.0 + L / 500
± 0.050 4.7 + L / 150 4.3 + L / 150 4.0 + L / 200 3.0 + L / 200 2.6 + L / 400 1.7 + L / 300 1.0 + L / 500
± 0.070 6.5 + L / 100 6.0 + L / 100 5.7 + L / 150 5.0 + L / 200 4.0 + L / 200 2.0 + L / 200 2.0 + L / 400
± 0.100 9.5 + L / 100 9.0 + L / 100 8.0 + L / 100 6.0 + L / 100 6.0 + L / 150 5.0 + L / 200 4.4 + L / 350

Example: A diameter of 400 mm has a tolerance of ± 0.010 mm.

For the inspection of this feature a CMM with a length measuring error of
E = 0.5 + L / 800 [µm] or better is required.

CMM Capability Analysis

By entering all critical features in the Excel chart below, the ratio of CMM error to
tolerance for all features can be easily determined

CMM type Leitz Reference 15.9.7

Measuring error according to ISO 10360-2 E= 0.9 + L / 400 [µm]
No. feature nom. value upper tol. lower tol. CMM error % of the ratio
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] tolerance
1 diameter 8 0.010 -0.010 ± 0.0009 9% 1 : 10.9
2 distance 985 0.015 -0.015 ± 0.0034 22 % 1 : 4.5
3 distance 38 0.010 -0.010 ± 0.0010 10 % 1 : 10.1
4 diameter 320 0.010 -0.010 ± 0.0017 17 % 1 : 5.9
5 diameter 336 0.020 -0.020 ± 0.0017 9% 1 : 11.5
6 diameter 86 0.000 -0.024 ± 0.0011 9% 1 : 10.8
7 distance 168 0.025 0.000 ± 0.0013 11 % 1 : 9.5
8 distance 70 0.012 -0.012 ± 0.0011 9% 1 : 11.2

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Example: Test report according to ISO 10360-2

Volumetric length measuring error E

14
Example: Test report according to ISO 10360-4

Volumetric scanning probing error THP

15
Leitz
The Leitz brand as part of Hexagon Metrology stands
for high accuracy coodinate measuring machines,
gear inspection centers and probes. Leitz measure-
ment systems master quality assurance tasks equally
well both in metrology labs as well as on the shop
floor. The development and production are located
in Wetzlar, Germany. For more than 30 years Leitz
has been offering its customers the best innovative
measurement technology available. The primary goal
remains offering modern solutions for demanding
measurement tasks.

Hexagon Metrology
Hexagon Metrology is a part of the Hexagon group
and brings leading brands from the field of industrial
metrology under one roof.

Hexagon Metrology GmbH

Leitz Division
Siegmund-Hiepe-Str. 2-12
35578 Wetzlar
Germany

E-mail contact.leitz@hexagonmetrology.com
Tel 06441 207 0
Fax 06441 207 122

www.leitz-metrology.com
www.hexagonmetrology.com

M42-510-004-231

© 2010 Hexagon Metrology GmbH

All rights reserved.
Printed in Germany, February 2010

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