Departure for Spain

Reasons Why Rizal Went to Spain

Rizal’s First Trip Abroad
• The antiquated method of instruction by the Dominican friars
at the University of Santo Tomas made Rizal decided to
 Departure for Spain complete his studies in Spain
 In Singapore, Colombo, Suez Canal, • Aside from the Dominican friars’ method of instruction, Rizal
Naples & Marseilles, and Barcelona felt that there was a rampant discrimination against Filipino
students in UST
 Rizal in Madrid
• Jose Rizal was encouraged to go to Spain because it embraced
 Rizal’s Hardships in Europe liberal ideas
 Rizal as a Student Activist • The Spanish government adopted a constitutional monarchy
which guaranteed protection in various human rights
 Rizal in Paris especially the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly
 Rizal in Berlin
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Departure for Spain Departure for Spain
Rizal’s Secret Mission Secret Departure for Spain
• Rizal wanted to observe the culture, customs, languages, • There were only a handful of people who knew that Rizal had
commerce, industries, governments, and laws not just only of a plan to study in Spain
Spain but also of different European nations
• The following are the people who knew of Jose Rizal’s
• Such observation may be useful in releasing the entire departure for Spain:
Philippines from the abuses and oppression of the Spanish
tyranny • Paciano Rizal - older brother
• Realizing that this mission was kept from Don Francisco and • Antonio Rivera - father of Leonor Rivera
Doña Teodora, Jose Rizal wrote a farewell letter begging for his • Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia - sisters
parents’ forgiveness
• Valenzuela family - Capitan Juan, Capitana Sanday, and
• In the letter of Paciano to his younger brother dated May 20, Orang
1882, Paciano told Rizal that Don Francisco was saddened by
his departure and was worried about the expenses of Jose • Pedro A. Paterno - Filipino politician, poet, and novelist
Rizal in Spain • Some of the Ateneo Jesuit priests

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 In Singapore, Colombo, Suez Canal, Naples &
Marseilles, and Barcelona
While Onboard and in Singapore
• In order to kill boredom, Jose Rizal observed his fellow
Singapore
passengers in the steamship. Based on his account, there
were 16 passengers, including himself
• Nationalities of passengers: British, Indian Negroes, Spanish,
and Filipino
• The captain of the steamship was Donato Lecha from Asturias,
Spain
• Jose Rizal played chess with the other passengers to while
away the boredom of sea voyage
• When he reached Singapore, Rizal immediately checked in at
Hotel de la Paz

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In Singapore, Colombo, Suez Canal, Naples & In Singapore, Colombo, Suez Canal, Naples &
Marseilles, and Barcelona Marseilles, and Barcelona
In Colombo
• The steamship Djemnah arrived in Point Galle, a seacoast
town in southern Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) on May 17,
1882
Colombo
• The following day, Djemnah sailed towards Colombo, the
capital of Ceylon
• Rizal was fascinated by the beauty and wonderful
scenery of Colombo

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 In Singapore, Colombo, Suez Canal, Naples & In Singapore, Colombo, Suez Canal, Naples &
Marseilles, and Barcelona Marseilles, and Barcelona
• Before reaching the Suez Canal, the steamship Djemnah
sailed ahead towards the Indian Ocean to the Cape of
Guardafui, Africa
Suez
Canal • After the next stopover in Aden, a seaport city in Yemen,
the steamship sailed towards the Suez Canal
• Rizal disembarked and went sightseeing when Djemnah
reached the city of Suez, the Red Sea terminal of the Suez
Canal
• Rizal was most impressed with the moonlight in Suez
which reminded him of his hometown and his family

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In Singapore, Colombo, Suez Canal, Naples & In Singapore, Colombo, Suez Canal, Naples &
Marseilles, and Barcelona Marseilles, and Barcelona
Naples and Marseilles
• Rizal reached Naples, an Italian city, on June 11, 1882
• He was fascinated by the city’s different modes of trade,
lively people, and panoramic beauty
• After Naples, the steamship anchored on the French
harbor of Marseilles on June 12
• Rizal visited famous tourist spots in this place such as the
famous Chateau d’ If, where Edmond Dantes from the
book The Count of Monte Cristo was imprisoned

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 In Singapore, Colombo, Suez Canal, Naples & In Singapore, Colombo, Suez Canal, Naples &
Marseilles, and Barcelona Marseilles, and Barcelona
Rizal in Barcelona
• Jose Rizal reached Barcelona, Spain three days short of
Barcelona his birthday, June 16, 1882
• At first, his impression of Barcelona was not as good as
his impression of Colombo and the other places he
visited before his arrival in this city; but after he
discovered what Barcelona was like, he found it to be a
really great city
• During his free time, Jose Rizal enjoyed walking along the
most famous street in Barcelona - Las Ramblas
• Rizal was also welcomed by his fellow Filipinos in
Barcelona

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In Singapore, Colombo, Suez Canal, Naples &
Marseilles, and Barcelona
Amor Patrio
• Jose Rizal wrote this essay under the pen name Laong
Laan
• This was published in Diariong Tagalog through Rizal’s
friend Basilio Teodoro Moran
• Rizal’s Amor Patrio was published in both Spanish and
Tagalog versions; the Spanish version of the essay was
the original version of the article written by Rizal in
Barcelona and the Tagalog version was translated by
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
• Amor Patrio caught the interest of the readers in the
Philippines

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 Rizal in Madrid Rizal in Madrid
• Jose Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid on Rizal’s Collection of Books
November 3, 1882 • Bible
• While in Universidad Central de Madrid, Rizal took up two • Hebrew Grammar
courses: Medicine and Philosophy and Letters
• Lives of the presidents of the United States
• Aside from these technical courses, Jose Rizal also enrolled in
the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando and studied • Complete works of French enlightenment writer, historian, and
painting and sculpture philosopher Voltaire and Roman lyric poet Horace
• History of the French Revolution
• He also did not waste time in Madrid because aside from
taking up Medicine and Philosophy and Letters, attending • Works of Greek historian and author Thucydides
sculpture and painting lessons, he took lessons in French, • The Byzantine Empire
German, and English languages under private tutors
• The Characters or “Les Caracteres” by French essayist and moralist,
• Jose Rizal also valued his physical wellness as he tried to Jean de La Bruyere
engage in fencing and shooting sports activities in the Hall of
Arms of Sanz y Carbonell • Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Works of Alexander Dumas

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Rizal in Madrid

Vacation in Paris
• Jose Rizal spent his summer vacation in Paris from June
17 to August 20, 1883
• He stayed at the Hotel de Paris (37 Rue de Maubange);
however, he transferred to a cheaper hotel at 124 Rue de
Rennes in the Latin Quarter
• Jose Rizal enjoyed his vacation in Paris as he visited the
beautiful boulevards in the city
• According to Rizal, Paris is the costliest capital in Europe

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 Rizal’s Hardships in Europe Rizal as a Student Activist

• Jose Rizal’s financial difficulty started when his family’s Rizal and Student Demonstrations in Madrid
agricultural crops in Calamba were affected by drought • Rizal participated in the student mobilization organized
and locusts on November 20-22, 1884 at the Universidad Central de
• At that time, the Dominican friars owned the majority of Madrid
estates in Calamba • Student demonstrations sparked when Dr. Miguel
Morayta’s speech, a professor of history, gave emphasis
• Without any notice, the Dominicans suddenly increased on the academic freedom of science and of the teachers
the rental price which made the Rizal family adjust their
capital cost and other expenses • The students of the university supported Dr. Morayta’s
proclamation of academic independence
• Because of such difficulty, the family failed to support • Student demonstrations of 1884 can be described as
Jose’s stay in Europe violent and bloody because of the existence of army
troopers, stones, clubs, and fists

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Rizal in Paris
• From Madrid, Jose Rizal went again to Barcelona before
proceeding to Paris to visit Maximo Viola
• Jose Rizal had a week-long vacation in Barcelona where he met
Señor Eusebio Corominas, who was the editor of La Publicidad
newspaper
• Rizal arrived in Paris on November, 1885
Pope Benedict VI Adolf Hitler Albert Einstein
• Jose Rizal became an apprentice of a French ophthalmologist
named Dr. Louis de Weckert from November, 1885 to
February, 1886
• Despite his busy schedule with Dr. Weckert’s clinic, Jose Rizal
managed to visit his friends in Paris such as the Pardo de
Taveras, Juan Luna, and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo
• Jose Rizal also became a model in some of Juan Luna’s
paintings; during his free time, Rizal posed as an Egyptian
priest in Luna’s “The Death of Cleopatra”
*Property of STI J0014 *Property of STI Ludwig Van Beethoven J0014 Friedrich Nietzsche

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 Rizal in Berlin
• After serving as the assistant of a French ophthalmologist, Jose Rizal
went to Germany in order to further his studies in ophthalmology
• Rizal arrived in Heidelberg, Germany on February 3, 1886.
Heidelberg is a city in Germany and is known for its numerous old
universities and beautiful sceneries
• He became an ophthalmologist at the University Eye Hospital under
Dr. Otto Becker
• Jose Rizal also attended the lectures conducted by Dr. Otto Becker
and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne at the University of Heidelberg
• Despite his busy schedule at the University Eye Hospital, he still
managed to visit some tourist spots in Heidelberg like the Heidelberg
Castle, the Nickar River, and some theaters and churches
• Jose Rizal also spent a three-month summer vacation at
Wilhelmsfeld with Pastor Karl Ulmer

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Rizal in Berlin Rizal in Berlin

Reasons Why Rizal Chose to Settle in Berlin • Rizal lived in poverty in the winter of 1886 in Berlin
• To improve his training and skills in ophthalmology • There was a time when Rizal pawned his diamond ring,
• To hone his knowledge of sciences and languages which was given to him by Saturnina in order to make
ends meet
• To study the economic and political state of Germany
• He also had to eat one meal a day, which consisted of
• To get to know famous German scholars and scientists bread and water or vegetable soup
• To publish his first novel, Noli Me Tangere • His brother Paciano, as supportive as he was, tried
everything just to raise money to support his younger
brother in Berlin but to no avail
• Because of this, Jose Rizal’s health declined due to lack of
proper nourishment

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 Rizal in Berlin Rizal in Germany
Noli Me Tangere
Noli Me Tangere • The printed copies of Noli Me Tangere were released on March 21, 1887
• Noli Me Tangere is considered a realist novel in which it • The name of the printing shop was Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-
exposed brutal acts and unfair practices of Spaniards against Gesselschaft; the printing cost was only 300 pesos at 2,000 copies
Filipinos • Proud of his masterpiece, Rizal gave the first printed copies of his novel
to the following:
• Rizal already completed his course at the Universidad Central
 Ferdinand Blumentritt
de Madrid when he wrote half of the novel
 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
• Rizal finally completed all the chapters of the novel in 1886
 Marcelo H. del Pilar
(Wilhelmsfeld, Germany)
• Father Vicente Garcia wrote a very courageous defense of the Noli,
• It was unfortunate that Jose Rizal could not print the novel claiming among other things that Rizal cannot be an ignorant man, being
because of lack of funds which was brought about by his the product of Spanish officials and corrupt friars
family’s financial hardships in Calamba • When the novel was read by the Spanish authorities, they immediately
considered it as heretical, subversive, and immoral
• Maximo Viola was the one who helped Rizal to publish his
novel • On December 28, 1887, Father Salvador Font ordered to prohibit the
distribution, reading, and discussion of the contents of the novel

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