ICT Applications
ITE 1922
Introduction to ICT
ICT stands for Information and Communications Technology in other words; it can
mean almost anything that's new and relevant to communications. This includes the
Internet, mobile telephony, satellite communications and digital television over
cable or aerials.
ICT is the study of developing and using technology to process information and aid
communication.
Degree of Bachelor of Information Technology 2
Introduction to ICT
ICT is the use of computer-based information systems to process, transmit and store
data and information. Technologies such as radio and the newer digital technologies
like computers, satellite, mobile phones and the Internet.
Degree of Bachelor of Information Technology 3
Introduction to computer
A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data, stores it until the information
is needed, processes the data according to the instructions provided by the user, and
finally returns the results (Information) to the user. The computer can store and
manipulate large quantities of data at very high speed, but a computer cannot think.
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Data
Data can be defined as the stream of raw facts representing events that occur in an
organization, or the physical environment, before they have been organized and
arranged into a form that people can understand and make use of.
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Information
Information can be defined as the data that has been shaped (Convert) into a form
that is meaningful and useful for human beings.
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Total Computer system
Total Computer System
Hardware Software Liveware
Eg. System Unit
Eg: Users
Monitor
Administrators
Keyboard
Mouse System SW Application SW
Eg: Operating Systems Eg: Languages
Utility Software Packages
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Hardware
Computer hardware are tangible or physical devices in the computer system. This
can be identified as the building blocks of the computer system. This Can be
internal (located inside the system unit) or external (located outside of the system
unit). Computer hardware can divide in to another sub category.
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Software
Software is a set of instructions that makes the computer perform tasks. In other
words, a software tells the computer what to do. It is also called as programs.
Mainly two categories.
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Software
System Software :
System software coordinates the various parts of the computer system and mediates
between application software and computer hardware.
Application Software :
Application software includes a set of programs developed to solve user problems.
Therefore, it is user oriented. (eg: Payroll System - preparation of salaries & wages).
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Liveware
The People who cooperate with the computer or use by the computer.
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Main parts of a computer
Modem
Monitor System Unit
Speaker
Printer
Mouse
Keyboard
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Electronic data processing (EDP)
Data and information are two different concepts
used in computer science. Data are raw facts.
When data are processed, organized, structured
or presented in a given context so as to make
them useful and meaningful, they are called
Information. This conversion process is known
as Electronic data processing.
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Categories of computer Hardware
❑ Input devices
❑ Output devices
❑ Internal storage
❑ Processor (CPU)
❑ Secondary Storage
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Input devices
Input devices are used to capture or enter data into the computer. Before data can be
used within a computer system, it is usually necessary to convert them into a format
that supports processing by computer.
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Output devices
Output devices translate the results of processing – output –into human-readable
form. The results of a calculation, for example, might be display on a screen or sent
to a printer. An output device may also transfer data requiring further processing to
a storage device.
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Internal storage
It’s also known as:
❖ Primary Storage
❖ Main Storage
❖ Immediate Access Storage (IAS)
❖ RAM & ROM.
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Internal storage
(RAM & ROM)
Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM)
∙ Store programs, input data and ∙ This is the permanent memory to
information store special control programs
∙ Can read and write (systems software) written by the
∙ Volatile (temporary) manufacturer to perform a variety
of functions such as loading of
main components of the operating
system at the time of starting a
computer. Nonvolatile.
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Processor
CPU is considered as the brain of the computer, which consists of:
Arithmetic & Logic Unit (ALU)
ALU performs two functions. They are:
Arithmetic functions
Logical functions
e.g. Comparison
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Processor
CPU is considered as the brain of the computer, which consists of:
Control Unit
The control unit, a maze of complex electronic circuitry, it is responsible for
directing and coordinating most of the computer system activities. It does not
execute instructions itself, but it tells other parts of the computer system what to
do.
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Secondary Storage
It’s also known as:
❖ Backing Storage
❖ External Storage
❖ Auxiliary Storage
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Secondary Storage
Backing storage means data storage that retains its contents when the computer is
switched off. It can be used to hold both programs and data.
When you run a program or load a file they are copied from the backing store into
the internal memory.
When you save a file it is copied from the internal memory to the backing store.
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Block Diagram of a computer
Backing storage means data storage that retains its contents when the computer is
switched off. It can be used to hold both programs and data.
When you run a program or load a file they are copied from the backing store into
the internal memory.
When you save a file it is copied from the internal memory to the backing store.
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