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IoT-based Compact-Matic Drinking Water Filtration Machine

Article · August 2020

DOI: 10.30534/ijeter/2020/157872020

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 ISSN 2347 - 3983
Bienvenido B. Abad Jr et al., International JournalVolume 8. No.
of Emerging 7, July
Trends 2020
in Engineering Research, 8(7), July 2020, 3887 - 3892
International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research
Available Online at http://www.warse.org/IJETER/static/pdf/file/ijeter157872020.pdf
https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/157872020

IoT-based Compact-Matic Drinking Water

Filtration Machine
Bienvenido B. Abad Jr.1, Michelle M. Caranguian2 , Edward B. Panganiban3
1
IBS University, Port Moresby Papua New Guinea, bbajr1981@gmail.com
2
AMA Computer College, Santiago City, Isabela, Philippines, esonmichiemar@gmail.com
3
Isabela State University, Echague, Isabela, Philippines, ebpanganiban@isu.edu.ph

via the Web. The system of these physical devices or objects
ABSTRACT contained with electronics, software, sensors, and Internet
connectivity that allows such devices to gather and share data
Clean and potable water is very crucial nowadays. People provides the core for the Internet of Things ( IoT) concept. [1]
consume water from the sources near their places not The water filtration system is a method in which water travels
knowing what is the quality of the water. They spend money across a water treatment plant which may include one or
and time in fetching water. The turbidity of the water is the perhaps more filters to eliminate turbidity, taste, color, iron,
only reference if the water is potable. Water Filtration is one or smell. History tells that water filtration helps people from
of the ways that man discovered and used to obtain clean and the past to acquire clean and drinkable water. You have to
drinkable water. But the available filtration machine access sophisticated filtration devices these days to eliminate
available in the market is big enough to carry it anywhere, potentially harmful toxins and micro-organisms. Saying that
anytime. Therefore, the writers saw the idea to build an water filtration is nothing new. Indeed, even the oldest known
automatic and portable filtration machine that will answer to civilizations used some form of filtration method to provide
these problems. Through problem identification, the citizens with drinking water [2][3][4]. In this paper, pH and
objectives were identified as guides in the establishment turbidity detection are some of its important roles in the
“IoT-based Compact-Matic Drinking Water Filtration quality of water. pH and turbidity detection testing are made
Machine” for households. This device is designed to have an possible through detecting different solution or liquid to
automatic pumping system to automatically fetch water. It is compare the detection or the data to the standard quality of the
equipped with pH and turbidity sensors that detect the quality water. The standard drinkable water was very important to
of the water which were the basis of this project. It can send, establish the standard and effectiveness of this project.[5] The
notify, and alarm the user with the built-in notification and data gathered from researches stated many standard pH and
alarm system. The user can also track the water quality turbidity for different kinds of liquid.[6]
wirelessly with the use of IoT-based application Blynk which The principal tool used in this paper is microcontroller
displays the data gathered from the detection. A 12V integration. Microcontrollers [7] such as Arduino [8] and
motorcycle battery powered the device which is used in many Raspberry pi [9] can be designed to detect water quality. This
filtration systems. This study has been designed carefully and can be applied to any kind of liquid or water with mobile
diligently reviewed to ensure its operating conditions. Data communication for monitoring purposes. This filtering device
collection and testing of its reliability were accomplished is designed and constructed with an embedded system and
through a well-planned design. The results revealed that this sensors [10] that aimed to secure the water quality as an aid.
work is effective and will help the owners protect their homes With such a device, people can prevent from getting sick or
clean, potable, and drinkable water for their families. any illness that contaminated water could give.

Key words: IoT, Drinking Water, Filter, Filtration Machine, 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Microcontroller, Alarm System
2.1 General System Design
1. INTRODUCTION This paper's basic definition is explained using figure 1.
These data are the system layouts that describe the water
Water filtration is very useful to man nowadays. It helps filtration system functionalities. Figure 1a is the diagram of
the water pumping system of the device. When Water Level
people to obtain clean and potable water that is free from
Sensors detect the level of the water, the data will send to
harmful chemical and microbial contaminants. Over the
Arduino MEGA which will control and trigger the relay
years, we are at a defining moment in our community where
modules which serve as a switch of 12V dc water pumps to
the planet nowadays is profoundly integrated with intelligent fetch water. The data also activates the built-in notification
devices that are linked remotely to one another and ultimately and alarm system of the device.

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Bienvenido B. Abad Jr et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(7), July 2020, 3887 - 3892

Figure 1b illustrates the detection of pH and turbidity levels of

the water. When it detects the data will also send to the
Arduino MEGA microcontroller then it will analyze the data
allowing the notification system which consists of LEDs then
data also send to Blynk.

(a)

(b)
Figure 1: System Architecture of the IoT-based
Compact-Matic Drinking Water Filtration Machine (a) water
pumping system (b) detection of pH and turbidity sensors

2.2 System Flowchart

Figure 2 presents the detailed works of the filtration machine.
It explains the whole process of how the project operates. It is
composed of sensors that can detect 3 major inputs which are
water level sensor, pH sensor, and turbidity sensor. The water
level sensor that triggers the pumping system of the project.
The pH level sensor detects the acidity or alkalinity of the
water. Lastly, turbidity sensors detect the cloudiness or
haziness of the water. When the input sensors will activate the
built-in notification and alarm system of the device. And at Figure 2: System Flowchart
the same time, the data gathered from these inputs will also
send and display in an online application Blynk.
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Bienvenido B. Abad Jr et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(7), July 2020, 3887 - 3892

2.3 Wiring Systems

Its circuitry wiring diagram is shown in Figure 3. This shows
each of the components used for the design as a reference
when attaching those electronic units. The main device being
used is the Arduino Mega Microcontroller which serves as the
brain of all the connected components. The water level
sensors, pH level sensors, and turbidity sensors serve ss input
sensors that cause various processes and enable other devices
such as NodeMCU wifi module that send a reminder to the
user, LED and buzzer that behaves as the alarm and water
pumps that act as the device's pumping mechanism.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
One essential aspect of developing this article is testing the
prototype or the robot's functionalities. To arrive at a
satisfactory performance it was put into many tests. Tests
include unit checking, checking for approval, and testing for
integration. Unit testing was developed to evaluate all of the
components used and to ensure that they all function.
Acceptance and integration testing ensured that everything
was running as per its goals. Comprehensive tests showing
the robot 's reliability are specified next tables.

3.1 Results of Testing

Table 1 shows the integration testing of pH and turbidity
sensors with the wifi module and online application Blynk. It
also shows the steps that the researcher did to successfully
calibrated and coded the monitoring system of the device. As
the results of many testing and calibration, the table shows
that Blynk can receive and display the exact value of the
detection using the NodeMCU wifi module.
Figure 3: Wiring Diagram
Table 1a: Integration of pH & Turbidity Detection, and
Monitoring System using online application Blynk.

Distance WiFi Module

Value to be Send Blynk App Remarks
Trial (meters) Status

pH Turbidity

Not
1 6.551 3.580 10 Data not received Checked wire connection between
Connected wifi module and Arduino Mega

2 6.551 Data not received Checked wire and internet

3.580 10 Not Connected
connection
3 6.551 Data not received Checked the code and internet
3.580 10 Not Connected
connection
4 Data not received Checked the code and internet
6.551 3.580 10 Not Connected
connection
5 Checked code and internet
6.551 3.580 10 Not Connected Data not received
connection

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 Bienvenido B. Abad Jr et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(7), July 2020, 3887 - 3892

Table 1b: Integration of pH & Turbidity Detection, and

Monitoring System using online application Blynk

Distance WiFi Module

Tria Value to be Send Blynk App Remarks
(meters) Status
l
pH Turbidity

6
6.551 3.580 10 Connected Data not received Checked code

7 Received but with only

6.551 3.580 10 Connected Checked variable declaration
1 significant figure
8 Received but displayed Checked variable declaration in
6.551 3.580 10 Connected
not the same value NodeMCU code

Received but display

9
6.551 3.580 10 Connected only 3 significant Checked Blynk decimal format
figures

10 Received and display

6.551 3.580 10 Connected Calibrated and coded successfully
the same data

Table 2 shows the integration of all components used in the device. The water used in this testing is from a water pump that smells like
mud, with many yellow and white particles and yellowish in appearance. It also shows some of the problems encountered by the
researchers which is water leaks are a common problem for every testing. And the testing proves that the device can filter this kind of
water.

Table 2a: Device Test

First Detection Second Detection Problems

Trial
Turbidity pH Turbidity pH

- Water leaks
Not Not - Second detection error
1 2.578 8.96
detected detected - Built-in notification and alarm system did not activate
- Wifi module cannot connect
- No display value in Blynk app
- Water leaks
Not Not - Second detection error
2 3.897 9.56
detected detected - LED notifications did not respond
- Wifi module cannot connect
- No display value in Blynk app
Not Not - Second detection error
3 4.717 9.041
detected detected - Water leaks
- No display value in Blynk app

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Bienvenido B. Abad Jr et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(7), July 2020, 3887 - 3892

Table 2b: Device Test

First Detection Second Detection Problems

Trial
Turbidity pH Turbidity pH
Not Not - Second detection error
4 3.887 8.403
detected detected - Water leaks
Not Not - Second detection error
5 4.409 9.172
detected detected - Water leaks
- Second turbidity sensor error
6 4.370 8.323 0.791 7.941
- Water leaks
- Water leaks
7 0.269 8.981 1.255 8.180
- Water still not clear

- Still have water leaks but minimal

8 0.273 13.350 3.608 7.411
- Clearwater
- Still have water leaks but minimal
9 1.863 10.182 4.301 7.656
- Clearwater
- No leaks
10 3.828 9.576 4.043 7.861 - Clear water
- Potable water

3.2 Design Output

Figure 4 shows the final design output of the filtration
machine. It also displays the marked position of an integrated
component within. The machine will function if the switch
located at the robot 's back is turned on. Components are
labeled and has its functions. Electronic components,
particularly sensors, are pH sensors, turbidity sensors, water
level sensors, filter cartridge, and containers for the water
source and filtered water. The power supply used in the device
is detachable for the convenience of charging

(b)

Figure 4: Final design output of the automated hazard

detecting robot (a) front view (b) back view

(a)

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Bienvenido B. Abad Jr et al., International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8(7), July 2020, 3887 - 3892

4 CONCLUSION [6] PickYourOwn.Org., “Approximate pH of Foods

and Food Products” download pdf, Accessed
This paper presented the specifics of the structure of the actual December 20, 2019.
filtration machine as well as the details of the experimental [7] E. B. Panganiban, “Microcontroller-based
data showing the desired outputs of the device. The Wearable Blood Pressure Monitoring Device with
components used in this project include sensors that could GPS and SMS Feature through Mobile App,”
detect water level, pH, and turbidity level of the water. It is International Journal of Emerging Trends in
built with an automatic water pumping system that fetches Engineering Research, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 32–35, 2019.
water automatically. The buzzer and LED functioned as an https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2019/02762019
alarm indicator for the alert system. NodeMCU wifi module [8] E. B. Panganiban and J. C. Dela Cruz, “RFID-Based
sends notification and data to the person concerned. The robot Vehicle Monitoring System,” in HNICEM 2017 -
has 4 wheels for the convenience of the user to carry it 9th International Conference on Humanoid,
anywhere. Nanotechnology, Information Technology,
Communication, and Control, Environment and
The project was made possible through the designed Management, 2017, pp. 1–6.
processes and proven working with its intended function to https://doi.org/10.1109/HNICEM.2017.8269489
address the household’s problem about obtaining clean and [9] E. B. Panganiban and J. C. D. Cruz, “Rainwater
potable water. The researchers concluded that this project is level information with flood warning system using
working and is proven to be effective as evidence by the flat clustering predictive technique,” in IEEE
several tests done. Hence, this IoT-based Compact-Matic Region 10 Annual International Conference,
Drinking Water Filtration Machine can deal with waters Proceedings/TENCON, 2017, vol. 2017-Decem.
coming from rain, water pump, river, and spring making it https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCON.2017.8227956
more helpful and reliable to the homeowners. [10] E. B. Panganiban, “Automated hazardous gas
detecting robot using wireless sensor networks
Acknowledgment with GSM-SMS alert and fire control system for
households,” International Journal of Advanced
The authors would like to give special thanks to Farrah Jean Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, vol. 8,
Roduta, Edwil Kevin Aluit, Julius Cezar Babalcon, and no. 3, pp. 804–809, 2019.
Nikko Galindo for the construction of the prototype and their https://doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2019/72832019
assistance for this paper to become successful.

REFERENCES

[1] K. Dhondge, “Internet of Things (IoT)

Applications with Diverse Direct Communication
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[2] Pelican Water, “The History of Water Filtration,”
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