POLITEKNIK MERLIMAU

AUTOMATIC SMART STREETLIGHT MAINTENANCE

WITH SMS NOTIFICATION.

NAME REGISTRATION NO
MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN HUSSIN 14DEP17F2005

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

OCTOBER 2019
 POLITEKNIK MERLIMAU

AUTOMATIC SMART STREETLIGHT MAINTENANCE

WITH SMS NOTIFICATION.

NAME REGISTRATION NO
MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN HUSSIN 14DEP17F2005

This report submitted to the Electrical Engineering Department in fulfillment

of the requirement for a Diploma in Electronic Engineering (Control)

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

OCTOBER 2019
 CONFIRMATION OF THE PROJECT
The project report titled "Automatic smart streetlight maintenance with SMS

notification" has been submitted, reviewed and verified as a fulfills the conditions and

requirements of the Project Writing as stipulated

Checked by : MADAM LIAN AI CHEN

Supervisor’s name : MADAM LIAN AI CHEN.
Supervisor’s signature:
Date :

Verified by: SIR JAMHARI ISMAIL BIN TOKIT

Project Coordinator name :
Signature of Coordinator :
Date :

i
“I acknowledge this work is my own work except the excerpts I have already
explained to our source”

1. Signature :

Name : MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN HUSSIN

Registration Number : 14DEP17F2005
Date :

ii
 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND OWNERSHIP
TITLE : AUTOMATIC SMART STREETLIGHT
MAINTENANCE WITH SMS NOTIFICATION.

SESSION: JUNE 2019

1. I, 1. MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN HUSSIN ( 14DEP17F2005 ).

is a final year student of Diploma in Electronic Engineering

(Communication) , Department of Electrical, Politeknik Merlimau,
which is located at Jalan Merlimau, 77300 Merlimau, Melaka.
(Hereinafter referred to as 'the Polytechnic').

2. I acknowledge that 'The Project above' and the intellectual property therein is the
result of our original creation /creations without taking or impersonating any
intellectual property from the other parties.

3. I agree to release the 'Project' intellectual property to 'The Polytechnics' to meet

the requirements for awarding the
Diploma in Electronic Engineering (Communication) to me.
Made and in truth that is recognized by;
a) Muhammad Aiman Bin Hussin ) . ....
(Identification card No: - 981108-04-5253) ………………………….
) Muhammad Aiman Bin
Hussin

In front of me, Madam Lian Ai Chen (Click here to ) .....………………

enter text.) ) Madam Lian Ai Chen
As a project supervisor, on the date:

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible

without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would

like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to Madam Lian

Ai Chen for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing

necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing

the project.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & member of

Muhammad Aiman Bin Hussin for their kind co-operation and encouragement which

help me in completion of this project. I would like to express my special gratitude

and thanks to industry persons for giving me such attention and time.

My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the

project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

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 ABSTRACT

The street lighting breakdown is very common. This will lead to the hassle and
insecurity for consumers. This project provides a new paradigm in automated street
light malfunction system. The system has the capability to send multiple SMS to
contractors and local council in the event of a malfunction street lighting. Basically,
users have to call the contractor based on the information displayed in the street light.
In this project, the system can detect of the street lighting malfunction system. Upon
receiving the street light malfunction, SMS will be sent to the above mentioned
parties for further action. The malfunction of street light can detected by the uses
rocker switch. Where, when this condition switch is OFF, automatically SMS will be
sent to the contractor. The microcontroller analyze the seriousness of the malfunction
and sends the signal to a GSM module. Then the GSM module will be sent the details
of malfunction to authorities.

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 ABSTRAK
Kerosakan lampu jalan sangat umum. Ini akan membawa kepada kerumitan dan
ketidakamanan bagi pengguna. Projek ini menyediakan paradigma baru dalam
sistem kerosakan cahaya jalan automatik. Sistem ini mempunyai keupayaan untuk
menghantar berbilang SMS kepada kontraktor dan majlis tempatan sekiranya
berlaku lampu jalan yang tidak berfungsi. Pada asasnya, pengguna perlu memanggil
kontraktor berdasarkan maklumat yang dipaparkan di lampu jalan. Dengan sistem
semasa, masa yang diambil untuk bertindak balas kepada kerosakan cahaya jalan
akan bergantung kepada berapa lama pengguna memanggil kontraktor. Dalam
projek ini, sistem ini dapat mengesan sistem kerosakan lampu jalan. Setelah
menerima kerosakan cahaya jalan, SMS akan dihantar kepada pihak yang
disebutkan di atas untuk tindakan lanjut. Kerosakan lampu jalan dapat dikesan oleh
suis rocker kegunaan. Di mana, apabila suis keadaan ini OFF, SMS secara
automatik akan dihantar kepada kontraktor. Mikrokontroler menganalisis
keseriusan kegagalan berfungsi dan menghantar isyarat ke modul GSM. Kemudian
modul GSM akan dihantar butiran kerosakan.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Y

CONFIRMATION OF THE PROJECT i

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND OWNERSHIP iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
ABSTRACT v
ABSTRAK vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF SYMBOLS xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii
CHAPTER 1 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Background Research 1
1.3 Problem Statement 1
1.4 Research Objectives 1
1.5 Scope of Research 2
1.6 Project Significance 2
1.7 Chapter Summary 2
CHAPTER 2 3
LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2 Motor Skill Challenges in Autistic Children (Literature Review Topic 1) 3
2.2.1 Previous Research (Subtopic Literature Review Topic 1) 3
2.3 Control System (Literature Review Topic 2) 4
2.3.1 Microcontroller 4
2.3.2 Programmable Logic Control (PLC) 5
2.3.3 Arduino 5
2.4 Chapter Summary 5
CHAPTER 3 6
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 6
3.1 Introduction 6
3.2 Project Design and Overview. 6
3.2.1 Block Diagram of the Project 6
3.2.2 Flowchart of the Project 2 6
3.2.3 Project Description 8
3.3 Project Hardware 8
3.3.1 Schematic Circuit 8
3.3.2 Description of Main Component 9

vii
 3.3.2.1 Component 1 9
3.3.2.2 Component 2 9
3.3.2.3 Component 3 9
3.3.3 Circuit Operation 9
3.4 Project Software 9
3.4.1 Flowchart of the System 9
3.4.2 Description of Flowchart 9
3.5 Prototype Development 9
3.5.1 Mechanical Design/Product Layout 9
3.6 Sustainability Element in The Design Concept 10
3.7 Chapter Summary 10
CHAPTER 4 11
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 11
4.1 Introduction 11
4.2 Results and Analysis 11
4.3 Discussion 11
4.4 Chapter Summary 11
CHAPTER 5 12
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 12
5.1 Introduction 12
5.2 Conclusion 12
5.3 Suggestion for Future Work 12
5.4 Chapter Summary 12
CHAPTER 6 13
PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND COSTING 13
6.1 Introduction 13
6.2 Gant Chart and Activities of the Project 13
6.3 Milestone 13
6.4 Cost and Budgeting 13
6.5 Chapter Summary 13
REFERENCES 14
APPENDICES 15
APPENDIX A- DATA SHEET 15
APPENDIX B- PROGRAMMING 15
APPENDIX C- PROJECT MANUAL/PRODUCT CATALOGUE 15

viii
 LIST OF TABLE
Table 2. 1: Treatments to Improve Motor Skills in the Market....................................3

Table 3. 1 :Sequence of Finger Model Blinking...........................................................8

Table 3. 2: Means And Standard Deviations (In Brackets) Of Strength Scores

(In Pounds Force) For Each Hand Of Males. Right Hand........................10

ix
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE

Figure 2. 1: Block diagram of open loop and closed loop system................................4

Figure 3. 1: Front view of the project...........................................................................6

Figure 3. 2: Circuit Diagram *Images may be subject to copyright.............................8

x
LIST OF SYMBOLS

xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

xii
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

As we know, streetlight is the most important thing on the road. It is a raised

source of light on the edge of a road or path. Many streetlight systems are being
connected underground instead of wiring from one utility post to another.
Automatic Smart Streetlight Maintenance with SMS Notification is used for
send notification or alert to authorities when streetlight at that each one of the
street lights is not function. Apart from that, we our project can save the
electricity. In the morning, it will turned off. But at night it will light up 50%
only and it will light up 100% when the car past thru the streetlight.

1.2 Background Research

A light is a converter which produces light energy when electric current passes
through it. The main purpose of road lighting is to make people, vehicles and
objects on the road visible. In engineering field, environment related issue has
been raised where many researchers and engineers are involving themselves to
find the techniques and tricks which is used to reduce energy consumption,
environment friendly equipment and to increase product efficiency. The solution
is the smart system when it is applied in many areas like industrial, residential
and commercial, etc. Smarts system is having an autonomous operation which
detects the change in environment with the help of sensors and other electronic
components and act to correct the offset cause of the environment. The systems
perform continually to reach the optimal solution. Advantage of using street light
is, to better the quality of human life for the dark period of the day. The latest
technology, which is used nowadays, is light emitting diode(LED) based system,
it is worked as energy efficient and reliable lighting technology, which reduced
the lighting cost as well as energy consumption up to 75% and also responsible
for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and other dangerous gases. This
paper presents the design and evaluation of a street light controlling system
using sun tracking solar system.
1
(Cosmo,http://www.kosmo.com.my/terkini/tiga-termasuk-sepasang-suami-isteri-maut-
kereta-bertembung-1.826469 )

1.3 Problem statement

The Problem Statement for this project are:

i. The authorities do not know when the streetlight are off or not function and
took a long time to get information on street lighting issues.
ii. It also a waste of electricity when there is no car passes the street.

1.4 Research Objectives

The research objectives for this project are:

 Use LDR sensor to detect light and use GSM module to send notification to
the authority when the automatic smart streetlight with sms notification is
OFF.

 Use Ultrasonic sensor to detect movement of vehicle, so that streetlight can

increase the brightness from 50% to 100%.

 Use solar to charging the power supply for streetlight.

1.5 Scope of Research

The scope of research for this project are:

1. This project is focusing on 1 streetlight

2. The main controller is using arduino and GSM module.

2
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

Prior to the implementation of the project, a literature review was conducted to

obtain information, knowledge and ability to complete the project. Basically, street
lighting is an important part of urban infrastructure whose main function is to
illuminate the city streets in the dark day. There are several factors to consider in
order to plan a good road lighting systems such as night safety for community
members and road users, providing cost effective public lighting and crime reduction.
In addition, manual controls are prone to error and cause energy waste. there are
some references found.

2.2 Automatic Street Light Control System Using Microcontroller (Research 1)

Electrically powered street lighting has brought a sense of wellbeing and

freedom from risk or danger but Street lights in town centers, traffic lights
and pedestrian crossings stay on all night. This amount of lighting is not
required in that it adds no benefit to the community. Continuous ON state
of street light leds to power wastage. In other case, it is getting very
difficult to analyze the failure of street lights in all places. In these kinds of
situation effects of crime will be increasing. In our proposed project work
we have analyzed these problems.

3
 This Project work consists of a group of measuring stations in the street
(one station located in each lamppost) and a base station located nearby.
The measuring stations are used to observe street conditions as the
intensity of daylight and, depending on the conditions they activate or off
the lamps. For these reasons every lamp is designed independent to decide
about the activation of light. The base station conjointly checks if any lamp
is correctly operating and sends the information using the wireless network
to the operator who will act in case of malfunction.

EXISTING SYSTEM

• Manually switching ON/OFF

• Not fully Energy Efficient systems
• Wired switching
• No monitoring system
PROPOSED SYSTEM

• Fully automated with monitoring base station

• Wireless systems
• Intelligent Energy efficient system

4
 2.2.1 Previous Research (Subtopic Literature Review Topic 1)

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Street Light
section

Figure 1.0 show the block diagram microcontroller.

5
 Figure 1.1 :
Monitoring
section.

2.3 AUTOMATED STREETLIGHT MALFUNCTION ALERT

SYSTEM (ASMAS) BY USING GSM (Literature Review Topic 2)

Basically, street lighting is one of the important parts of a city‟s infrastructure

where the main function is to illuminate the city‟s streets during the dark hours of
the day. There are several factors need to be considered in order to design a good
street lighting system such as night-time safety for community members and road
users, provide public lighting at cost effective and the reduction of crime.
Furthermore, manual control is prone to errors and leads to energy wastages and
manual dimming during midnight is impracticable. The current trend is the
introduction of automation and remote management solutions to control street
lighting. This system consists of a central control system installed in command
center; GSM mobile terminal networks. Information about the malfunction can be
received from PIC microcontroller and send messages with the GSM network
platform. In this type sensor will be used as a light sensor. The light sensor detects
darkness to turn ON / OFF switch, so the street lights would be willing to switch.
LDR, which vary according to the amount of light falling on the surface, this is an
inducement to whether it is a day-night time is controlled by PIC16F877A
microcontroller and connected to a GSM modem. It is designed to automatically
detect malfunction. Where, when the street lights automatically apply the
malfunction will send the location and the location data to a GSM modem. GSM
modem is connected to the authorities because this 5 modem will send the
information received earlier in the form of SMS to the authorities. The block
diagram as shown in Figure 2.0 on the street light system as shown consists of
microcontroller, LDR sensor and GSM modem.

6
Microcontroller A microcontroller is a computer control system on a single chip. It
has many electronic circuits built into it, which can decode written instruction and
convert them to electrical signals. So, the microcontroller will then step through these
instructions and execute them one by one. As an example of this a microcontroller
we can use it to control the lighting of the street by using the exact procedures. The
microcontroller is now changing electronic design. Instead of hard wiring a number
of logic gates together to perform some function we now use instructions to wire the
gates electronically. The list of these instructions given to the microcontroller is
called a program. These are different types of microcontroller, this project focus only
on the PIC16F877A microcontroller where its pins as shown Figure 2.6.

2.4 Programmable Logic Control (PLC)

Global System for Mobile (GSM) Global System for Mobile communications
was a standard used in long distance data transfer with the use of cell
network. (Firdaus bin Haji Sidek, 2010) Each network uses elevated tower
that consists of transceivers which relays the data from one tower to another
tower until it reaches the network provider. It is chosen as the medium for the
transfer of location information. The simple and inexpensive Short Message
Service (SMS) allows users to send up to 160 characters. It can be linked to a
computer using DB9 header and simple RS232 board with the Hyper
Terminal software. It uses AT command for SIM900A GSM/GPRS to
configure the module as shown Figure 2.7 and as shown Table 2.8 is pin
description.

7
2.4.1 Light – Dependent Resistor (LDR)

The theoretical concept of the light sensor lies behind, which is used in this
circuit as a darkness detector. The LDR is a resistor as shown Figure 2.1 and
its resistance varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface.
When the LDR detect light its resistance will get decreased, thus if it detects
darkness its resistance will increase.

Figure 2.1: Light – Dependent Resistor (LDR)

2.4.2 Regulated Power Supply

We start with an unregulated power supply ranging from a 9volt to 12volt

DC. To make a 5volt power supply, KA8705 voltage regulator IC as shown
Figure 2.3 has been used. Simply connect the positive lead form unregulated
DC power supply (anything from 9VDC to 24VDC) to the input pin, connect
the negative lead to the common pin and then turn on the power, a 5 volt
supply from the output pin will be gotten.

8
2.5 Global System for Mobile (GSM)

Global System for Mobile communications was a standard used in long

distance data transfer with the use of cell network. (Firdaus bin Haji Sidek,
2010) Each network uses elevated tower that consists of transceivers which
relays the data from one tower to another tower until it reaches the network
provider. It is chosen as the medium for the transfer of location information.
The simple and inexpensive Short Message Service (SMS) allows users to
send up to 160 characters. It can be linked to a computer using DB9 header
and simple RS232 board with the Hyper Terminal software. It uses AT
command for SIM900A GSM/GPRS to configure the module as shown
Figure 2.7 and as shown Table 2.8 is pin description.

Figure 2.7 SIM900A GSM/GPRS

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 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.

3.1 Introduction

For the beginning we do our research on Google and senior’s project to get an
inspiration. After get some of inspiration, the Automatic Smart Streetlight
Maintenance with SMS Notification was chosen.

3.2 Project Design and Overview.

For the hardware, use Arduino Mega, Ultrasonic sensor, Light sensor detector
and GSM modem. For the software, use livewire, PCB wizard, Fritzing. And
also ask supervisor an advice to complete the project.

3.2.1 Block Diagram of the Project

10