BUILDING MATERIALS AND
CONSTRUCTION III
MODULE III
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
MODULE III
LIFTS/ELEVATORS
An elevator is a platform, either open or enclosed, used
for lifting people or freight to upper floors within a building.
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
MAIN COMPONENTS OF LIFTS
The lift car moving on guide rails
Machine room with winding machine
with electric motor or pump.
Suspension ropes
Counterweight on pulleys to balance
the car with 40-50% of maximum live
load.
Buffers for the car in the lift pit floor
Specially operating landing for entry
and exit
The passenger capacity of a lift is
usually rated assuming the weight of a
person as 68kg
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF LIFTS
A lift well of suitable size, usually
extending up to 1.6 to 2.6 m,
below the bottom landing.
Openings of height of 2m for
entry of people at every floor level.
The breadth of opening will
depend on the width of the lift well
and the number of passengers to
be handled.
An upper machine room on top
of the lift to suit the lift size chosen
and according the specification of
the supplier of the lift.
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
CLASSIFICATION OF LIFTS
PASSENGER LIFTS
A lift designed for the transport of passengers.
GOODS LIFTS
A lift designed primarily for the transport of goods but which may
carry a lift attendant or other person necessary for the unloading
and loading of goods.
HOSPITAL LIFTS
A lift normally installed in a hospital/dispensary/clinic and designed
to accommodate one number bed/stretcher along its depth, with
sufficient space around to carry a minimum of three attendants in
addition to the lift operator.
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
CLASSIFICATION OF LIFTS
SERVICE LIFTS (DUMB-WAITER/ Freight elevator)
A lift with a car which moves in guides in a vertical direction; has
net floor area of 1 m2, total inside height of 1.25 m, and is
exclusively used for carrying materials and shall not carry any
person.
FIREMAN’S LIFTS
Is a type of elevator which enables firefighters to use in order to
rescue people who may be trapped on upper floors during an event
of fire in a building. Fireman's elevators are typically a normal
passenger or service/freight elevators, and they have the fireman's
service mode activated by a key switch or a toggle switch.
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
DESIGN OF LIFT
For design of lifts, factors to be considered are –
POPULATION
Population is calculated based on the occupancy load of
the building typology.
HANDLING CAPACITY
The quantity of service is a measure of the passenger
handling capacity of a vertical transport system. It is
measured in terms of the total number of passengers
handled during each five minutes peak period of the day.
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
DESIGN OF LIFT
INTERVAL OR QUALITY OF SERVICE REQUIRED
The quality of service on the other hand is generally
measured by the passenger waiting time of the various
floors.
Quality of service or Acceptable interval:
20 to 25 seconds Excellent
30 to 35 seconds Good
35 to 40 seconds Fair
40 to 45 seconds Poor
Over 45 seconds Unsatisfactory
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
HANDLING CAPACITY OF LIFT
The handling capacity is calculated by the formula:
H= (300 x Q x 100)/T x P
Where
H = Handling capacity as the percentage of the peak population
handled during 5 min.
Q = Average number of passengers carried in a car
T = waiting interval, and
P = Total population to be handled during peak morning period.
The value of ‘Q’ depends on the dimensions of the car. It may be
noted that the capacity loaded always to its maximum capacity
during each trip and, therefore, for calculate the value of ‘Q’ is
taken as 80% of the maximum carry capacity of the car.
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
MACHINE ROOM LESS (MRL) LIFTS
MRL elevators are designed so that most
of the components fit within the shaft
containing the elevator car; and a small
cabinet houses the elevator controller.
The benefits are:
creates more usable space
use less energy & no oil
all components are above ground
similar to roped hydraulic type elevators.
slightly lower cost than other elevators;
significantly so for the hydraulic MRL
elevator
can operate at faster speeds than
hydraulics but not normal traction units.
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
CAPSULE LIFTS
Capsule Elevator is essentially
installed at a place where elevation
of building is to be enhanced with
display of moving lift and
passenger is provided with
panoramic view of surroundings.
Capsule elevator normally comes
in 5 and 3 Glass panel.
Capsule Elevator is normally
preferred in shopping malls (to give
view of items displayed), 5 star
hotels (to provide lobby view) and
high rise residential buildings.
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
ESCALATORS
An Escalator is a moving
staircase that moves people
between different floors of a
building.
They are powered by motors.
The steps run on tracks.
There is a handrail that moves
with the escalator, that you hold
onto when riding the escalator.
There is also an emergency
stop button, which stops the
escalator, and a key switch, that
restarts the escalator, in the up
or down direction.
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
ESCALATOR
STRUCTURE
Most common
escalators share the
same basic structure as
the Standard Type
Escalator.
BALUSTRADE
TRUSS
STEPS
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
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TYPES OF ESCALATORS-Moving walk
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
TYPES OF ESCALATORS-Spiral escalator
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
TYPES OF ESCALATORS-Levytator
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
Assignment-Lift drawing
LIFTS & ESCALATORS
