CHAPTER- TENSES (NOTES)
[PDF1- Present Tense
(complete)]
Action is done- Past
Action is being done-Present.
Action will be done-Future.
Tenses tell us about the time when an action is being performed. They are of
three types:
1.) Past Tense.
2.) Present Tense.
3.) Future tense.
Present tense:
The present tense tells us about the actions which are happening at the present
time.
For e.g. (1.) I love my parents.
(2.) I go to the park on Sundays.
(3.) My mother teaches me mathematics.
Simple Present Tense:
A.) Simple present tense tell us about habitual actions.
(Habitual actions: The actions which we repeat many times, so that they
become a habit are known as habitual actions.)
For e.g.
1- Alisa goes to school every day.
2- Sam loves to read books.
3. John practices dancing every day.
4. I pray Five times a day.
B.) Simple present tense is also used to tell about a general truth.
(General truth is a fact that is always true, can never be false, can never change.)
For e.g.
1.) Limes are sour.
2.) The Sun rises in the east.
3.) India has a large population.
C.) Used in an exclamatory sentence (sentence which has an exclamatory mark-
! at the end) along with 'here' and 'there' to tell about an action which is
happening presently.
For e.g.
Here comes the rain!
There goes the Indian cricket Team!
Here they come!
There goes the bus which we had to catch!
D.) Simple present tense is also used to tell about a future event that is in a
fixed timetable.
For e.g.
1.) The manager visits the factory next Monday.
2.) The family reaches the hotel in the evening.
3.) The children reach the zoo this afternoon.
EXERCISE 1:
Question: Fill in the blanks with the simple present tense form of the verb:
[Short trick: Subject singular (only one) - s lagega (in the verb),
For e.g. The child walks to the school every day.
Subject plural (many)– s nahi lagega(In the verb),
For e.g. The children walk to the school every day.
THIRD PERSON EXCEPTION:
‘You’ and ‘I’, although singular, yet s nahi lagega(in the verb).
(Verb-Doing Action )]
1.) Akhil______________________ (walking) to school every day.
2.) The moon______________ (taking) the light of the Sun.
3.) Saniya Mirza _____________ (playing) tennis.
4.) Tiger____________ (are) an endangered animal.
5.) Here _______________ (going) the class monitor!
6.) Apples ___________ (be) sweet.
7.) Doraemon __________ (being) a children's cartoon.
8.) Frogs___________ (croaking) and birds__________________ (chirping).
9.) I ____________ (waking) up at 07; 00 o'clock in the morning.
10.) Please______________ (helping) me in finding my book.
Answers:
1) Walks 6) Are
2) Takes 7) Is
3) Plays 8) Croak, chirp
4) Is 9) Wake
5) Goes 10) Help
Present Continuous Tense:
Used to tell about an action that is still going on.
(Verbs are in the ‘ing’ form in the present continuous tense. For e.g.
Dancing, singing, eating, sleeping, walking, crying, laughing,
preparing, going, getting, talking etc.)
[ Short trick:
Subject singular (only one) – ‘is’ used before verb in ‘ing’ form.
For e.g. He is going to Kashmir for vacations.
Subject plural (many) – ‘are’ used before verb in ‘ing’ form.
For e.g. They are going to Kashmir for vacations.
THIRD PERSON EXCEPTION:
‘You’ is used with ‘are’ , For e.g. You are going to Kashmir for vacations.
‘I’ is used with ‘am’ , For e.g. I am going to Kashmir for vacations. ]
For e.g.
1.) She is getting ready for school.
2.) The rain is getting heavier.
3.) Clouds are hovering in the sky.
4.) Sushmita is preparing for her exam.
5.) Rohan is playing cricket in the stadium.
Present Perfect Tense:
It is used to tell about an action that began in the past and has
been completed in the present. It links present with the past.
Sentences contain the words ‘has’ or ‘have’, before the verb
as past participle.
[Short trick:
Subject singular (only one) – ‘has’ used before verb in ‘past’ form.
For e.g. He has done his work.
Subject plural (many) – ‘have’ used before verb in ‘past’ form.
For e.g. They have done their work.
THIRD PERSON EXCEPTION:
‘You’ and ‘I’ , although singular are used with ‘have, For e.g.
I have done my work.
You have done your work. ]
For e.g.
1.) Abdullah has passed class 5th .
2.) She has paid 5000 rupees for her cycle.
3.) They have bought a new television set.
4.) We have started a book club.
5.) He has completed his work.
6.) I have eaten my lunch.
7.) You have mastered the task!
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Dearest
Abdullah,
“ALL THE
BEST!”
With love,
Aiyya
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