Lesson 1: Introduction to Programming - adaptable - Document the program.

←It consists of the written

computer - a tool used for processing data into - has a logical mindset descriptions of what the program is all about and how
information. - love for technology to use it.
- curious -
The processing is controlled by a set of detailed step - - Defining the problem←consist of identifying what it is
by step instructions. - Two Types of Programming Languages you know (input-given data) and what it is you want to
- high level languages←are written in a form that is obtain (output -the result)
program - list of instructions that the computer must closer to human language (similar to English) - In defining the problem, it requires performing:
follow to be able to process data into information. - low level languages←are used to write programs - Specify the output requirements.
These instructions consist of statements written in a that relate to the specific architecture and hardware of - Specify the input requirements.
specific programming language. When a program is a particular type of computer. - Specify processing requirements.
written, we are basically solving a problem. - - Study feasibility of implementing the program.
- High Level Languages - Document the analysis
To solve a problem, we need to use our mind power or - ADVANTAGES OF HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES -
logic to develop the detailed instructions. - Easier to modify as it uses English like - Planning the solution
statements - the two common ways of planning the solution to a
programming - procedure of developing the detailed - Faster to write code as it uses English like problem are to draw a flowchart and to write
instructions for the computer. It is the act of instructing statements pseudocode or possible both
computers to perform a task. It can be done using a - Easier to debug during development due to - Structural walkthrough consists of reviewing process
variety of computer programming languages. It is the English like statements with other programmers and system analyst and
act of coding. - It has portable code which is not designed to run scrutinize (“walkthrough”) the programmer’s work.
on just one type of machine - Three steps to be done in designing the
coding - another term for programming - Portable Code←means that if you program in one solution/program:
machine, you can still use it in another machines - Determine the program logic through top-down
The analysis of programmers differs from each other - Examples of High Level Languages→C , C++ , approach and modularization, using hierarchy charts.
but the shorter the code the better and advantageous Java, Python , Visual Basic, PHP, and Java Script - Design details using pseudo-code and /or
as it requires less memory. - Low Level Languages←closer to the native language flowcharts.
of a computer (binary) , making them harder for - Test design with a structural walkthrough.
programming language - set of syntax for instructing a programmers to understand. -
computer to perform specific tasks. - ADVANTAGES OF LOW LEVEL LANGUAGES - Coding the program←to express the solution in a
- syntax←is the grammatical rules of programming - can make use of special hardware or special programming language
language; set of rules or structure of how we write a machine -dependent instuctions ( ex. on the specific - Coding the program←the translation of the logic from
specific codes chip) the flowchart or pseudocode to a programming
- like English grammar - translate program require less memory language
- if you did not follow correctly the syntax of a - write code that can be executed faster - The two steps in coding the program:
specific programming language this will result to - Examples are assembly language and machine - Code the program in the specific programming
syntax error. code. language decided on.
- syntax error←is an error in the syntax of a sequence - - Determine the appropriate programming language to
of characters - Compiler←it translates high level languages into low use.
- A program will not compile or run until all syntax level languages -
errors are corrected and the process is called - Compile←this is to translate a language into low level - Testing the program←to look for errors in a program
debugging language; into serie of bits and debugging them
- debugging←to identify and remove errors from a - - desk checking←reading through or checking the
program - What are the five step process of programming? program manually to ensure that it’s free from errors
- - Define the problem.←It means that there should and the logic works.
- A huge part of the programming process is trial and be clear understanding of the problem. - debugging←means detecting, locating and
error. - Design the solution/program.←It is creating removing errors in the computer program.
- programmer←a person who creates programs or algorithm (pseudo-code, flowchart). - What are the types of error?
instructions for a computer - Code the program.←also called program coding ; - syntax error←can be typographical error or
- CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCESSFUL it is the step which translates the logic of the program incorrect format of the statement used
PROGRAMMER based on the pseudo-code (algorithm) or flowcharts - logic error←caused by incorrect use of control
- problem solver into a high level programming language using the structures.
- loves to learn syntax and semantics of the specific language. - The problem is the programmer.
- self-disciplined - Test the program.←It consists of desk checking, -
- has a good communication skills debugging and running real data to make sure that the - Documenting the program.
program works. - documentation←is a written detailed description of
the programming cycle and specific facts about the either the word start or the word stop, indicates the
program. starting and stopping point in the flowchart.
- The wise programmer continues to document the - input/output symbol←This parallelogram is
program throughout its design development and used for input and output instruction.
testing. - processing symbol←This rectangle is used
- Who are the people where documentation is for any data processing operations for which
prepared for? requirements of the problem are usually done here.
- users Examples are computation of average, and
- operators assignment of the value to the variable.
- programmers - decision symbol←This diamond-shaped
- What are the 3 steps in documenting a program? symbol contains a condition.
- Write user documentation. This is the manual - arrowheads / flow lines←They are used to
that is prepared to help the user use the programs. direct the flow of the flowchart.
- Write operator documentation. This manual - connector←It is used as a continuation
gives the computer operator information on what to do symbol of a flowchart.
when the program flashes an error message. - data←Indicates data.
- Write program documentation. This consists of -
the testing of the whole programs. - flowchart ←is a pictorial representation of a step
- by step solution to a problem
- Program documentation helps train the new - It is a map of what your program is going to do
programmers to maintain existing system. and how it is going to do it.
- Maintenance means keeping the programs in - initialization / preparation symbol←It is used to
working conditions, error free and up to date. initialize variables not explicitly defined in the input but
- a requirement in the production of the output.
- 1.2 Program Logic Formulation - basic flowchart←a type of flowchart which is the
- program logic formulation←a step-by-step most straightforward form to understand.
development of a solution to a given problem. - usually, a small process of one functionality
- program function formulation←the most difficult part follows a basic flowchart of almost five steps only.
of solving a problem with a computer. -
- There are two most commonly used tools that will be - terminator←has an oval shape and indicates the
of great help for you to formulate a better solution beginning or end a program
which are flowchart and algorithm - predefined process←it is represented as a double
- flowchart←consists of boxes with different shapes line rectangle and indicates as a marker for another
that contain simple statements or sentence commonly process steps or series of process that are formally
called instructions and connect together by lines. defined elsewhere
- flowchart←easy to understand because its solution
is represented in a picture.
- What are the symbols used in flowchart? Lecture 1: Introduction to Programming
- stored data←Indicates data stored in formats
suitable for processing.
- sequential access storage←Indicates
sequentially accessible data such as those on Lecture 1: Introduction to Programming
magnetic tapes & cassette tapes.
- direct access storage←Indicates directly
accessible data, such as those on magnetic disks &
floppy disks
- documents←Indicates data on media human
beings can read.
- display←Indicates data on any medium that
displays information used by human beings, such as
monitor.
- loop limit←Composed of two parts; condition
for termination and loop name are written in the
symbol indicating the start & the end of the loop
respectively.
- terminal symbol←This oval, which contains