Wastewater treatement station

Realised by: Supervised by:

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OUSSAMA ELAMRAOUI Mr Rhinan hassan
 Acknowledgement

Throughout your journey in search of success and mastery, there are always
people who deserve to be thanked. From here, I want to thank first the
professors from whom we have benefited greatly.

I would also like to thank Mr. Hassan rhinan for the direct reason for working on
this project, which does not spare us important advice. This project has given me
the opportunity to apply my gains and information on the ground, in order to
better hone my skills.

I also cannot forget my family, who gave me all the support to concentrate
better.

Finally, I want to thank everyone who has contributed from a distance or a

relative to the success of this project and all those who helped me achieve the
visit and see things from its place.

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 Absract

Wastewater treatment by biological purification is a modern field of scientific

and technical discipline. In a rapidly expanding demographic and urban world, it
is a major issue, not only health, but environmental as well. Regulations are
changing rapidly and are imposing increasingly stringent discharge standards. In
this context, one of the most important projects that I was assigned to within this
master's program called 'GIS-GT', was to search for a suitable place that
meets all the conditions for the establishment of a sewage purification plant.

Bouznika is a small coastal city, and among its beauty and air purity has become
a destination for many in recent years. To preserve its beauty, it was necessary
to build a wastewater purification plant.

The most important stage in the journey of establishing a filtration station is the
stage of choosing the right place that meets all the conditions, and one of the
most prominent of these conditions is that the distance between the station and
the nearest river cannot exceed 1000 meters, as well as close to the sewage
collection point, as well as the distance between the station The buildings are
more than 150 meters high, etc. There are criteria that we will address in the rest
of the report.

The process of completing such projects always passes through several stages,
beginning with collecting the data that we will need, as well as arranging and
categorizing them according to their quality, and then we pass to the analysis
stage. To do these stages, several programs must be used, most notably qgis and
envi etc.

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After a careful study, we reached a place that meets all the criteria and can be
considered the best and most appropriate to carry out our project.

Keywords : qgis , envi , the sewage collection point, wastewater purification

plant.

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Table of Contents
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………….8

Problematic & Objective of the project……………………………………………………..9

PRESENTATION OF STUDY AREA……………………………………………………………10

General context…………………………………………………………………………………10

Climatology……………………………………………………………………………………..11

Average Temperature in Bouznika…………………………………………………………….12

Average Hourly Temperature in Bouznika…………………………………………………….14

Cloud Cover Categories in Bouznika………………………………………………………….15

Daily Chance of Precipitation in Bouznika…………………………………………………….16

Average Monthly Rainfall in Bouznika ……………………………………………………….16

Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Bouznika ………………………………………………….17

Average Wind Speed in Bouznika……………………………………………………………..18

Best Time of Year to Visit …………………………………………………………………….18

Population and Households…………………………………………………………………….19

Satellite Image………………………………………………………………………………….20

Geological map…………………………………………………………………………………21

Topographic map……………………………………………………………………………….21

DEM (digital elevation modele)………………………………………………………………..22

DATA PREPARATION & THE ANALYSIS ……………………………………………………..23

Methodology of work…………………………………………………………………………...24

Data Preparation………………………………………………………………………………..25

Geo-referencing…………………………………………………………………………26

. Digitalization…………………………………………………………………………..27

Classification…………………………………………………………………………...28

The analysis……………………………………………………………………………………..29

Buffer zones of the river………………………………………………………………..30

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 The buffer of nearby buildings…….……………………………………………………31

The buffer zones of the connection point………………………………………………32

The buffer zones of the national road…………………………………………………..33

The buffer zones of railway……………………………………………………………..34

The buffer zones of power line………………………………………………………….35

The union………………………………………………………………………………..36

The intersection………………………………………………………………………….37

suitable area……………………………………………………………………………37

Results and Discussion………………………………………………………………….38

FIELD VISIT…………………………………………………………………………………………39

Conclusion…...………………………………………………………………………………………..43

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 Introduction
In recent years, the world has undergone a dramatic evolution in terms of
population, so it has become very difficult to get rid of wastewater by traditional
means, like throwing it out to sea. This has become a huge threat to the
environment, and we've had air pollution and respiratory and skin diseases all
over us, not to mention smell and beach pollution and declining fish stocks.

For all these reasons, it was necessary for the responsible authorities to devise
new ways to treat sewage water and reuse it again for watering agricultural
crops, thus avoiding pollution and conserving water. In the beginning, the
station was located only in large cities, and the filtration was carried out in
simple ways, but now there are advanced chemical methods, and almost every
city has its own filtration station.

The goal of our project is to find a good place that meets the criteria and
conditions for the project to be based on rigorous scientific studies, and because
we live in a time when GIS has made everything easy for us.

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 Problématic

Given the demographic and socio-economic development city of bouznika ,

has a direct influence on the environment. Indeed, the increase in liquid
discharges into the natural environment degrades the quality of the water tables
of the region. which leads us to establish a sewage treatment plant to reduce the
risk of degradation of the region’s water resources.

Objective of the project

The purpose of this project is to determine an adequate space in which to go

establish a wastewater treatment plant for the design of GIS by the MIS
contribution following the following criteria:

- Less than 1000 metres from the river to minimize the construction of a pipe
that carries the treated water that is discharged into it.

- 100 metres from agglomerations and parks to minimize impact of the station
on the inhabitants of the city;

- The station also requires a total area of at least 150000m² (15ha).

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1. General context
Geographical and administrative contexts
Bouznika (Arabic: ‫بوزنيقة‬, romanized: būznīqa, Berber languages: ⴱⴱⴱⴱⴱⴱⴱ,
romanized: buzniqa) is a city in Casablanca-Settat, Morocco, in the historical region of
Chaouia.

The city owes its existence to the Kasbah located northwest of the agglomeration
founded by Moulay Abderrahmane in 1858 because it represents a crossroads of exchange
and an important crossing point.

Located between Casablanca and Rabat, Bouznika is one of the most beautiful beaches
in the kingdom. Indeed every year this city appears in the ranking of the cleanest beaches.
Its fine golden sand and its expanse (5 km) have made its reputation

Figure 1: Location of the city

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2. Climatology
Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Bouznika Morocco

In Bouznika, the summers are warm, muggy, arid, and mostly clear and the winters are
cool and partly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from
48°F to 81°F and is rarely below 42°F or above 87°F.

Based on the beach/pool score, the best time of year to visit Bouznika for hot-weather
activities is from late June to early September.

Figure 2: Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Bouznika Morocco

3. Average Temperature in Bouznika

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 The warm season lasts for 3.2 months, from June 25 to September 30, with an average
daily high temperature above 77°F. The hottest month of the year in Bouznika is August,
with an average high of 80°F and low of 68°F.

The cool season lasts for 3.1 months, from December 3 to March 8, with an average
daily high temperature below 66°F. The coldest month of the year in Bouznika is January,
with an average low of 48°F and high of 63°F.

Figure 3 : Average Temperature

4. Average Hourly Temperature in Bouznika

The figure below shows you a compact characterization of the entire year of hourly
average temperatures. The horizontal axis is the day of the year, the vertical axis is the
hour of the day, and the color is the average temperature for that hour and day.

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 Figure 4:Average Hourly Temperature

5. Cloud Cover Categories in Bouznika

In Bouznika, the average percentage of the sky covered by clouds experiences
significant seasonal variation over the course of the year.

The clearer part of the year in Bouznika begins around May 31 and lasts for 3.3 months,
ending around September 7.

The clearest month of the year in Bouznika is July, during which on average the sky is
clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 95% of the time.

The cloudier part of the year begins around September 7 and lasts for 8.7 months, ending
around May 31.

The cloudiest month of the year in Bouznika is December, during which on average the
sky is overcast or mostly cloudy 40% of the time

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 Figure 5:Cloud Cover Categories

6. Daily Chance of Precipitation in Bouznika

A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation.
The chance of wet days in Bouznika varies throughout the year.

The wetter season lasts 6.7 months, from October 7 to April 29, with a greater than 12%
chance of a given day being a wet day. The month with the most wet days in Bouznika is
December, with an average of 6.4 days with at least 0.04 inches of precipitation.

The drier season lasts 5.3 months, from April 29 to October 7. The month with the fewest
wet days in Bouznika is July, with an average of 0.2 days with at least 0.04 inches of
precipitation.

Among wet days, we distinguish between those that experience rain alone, snow alone,
or a mixture of the two. The month with the most days of rain alone in Bouznika is
December, with an average of 6.4 days. Based on this categorization, the most common
form of precipitation throughout the year is rain alone, with a peak probability of 23% on
December 8.

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 Figure 6 : Daily Chance of Precipitation

7. Average Monthly Rainfall in Bouznika

To show variation within the months and not just the monthly totals, we show the
rainfall accumulated over a sliding 31-day period centered around each day of the year.
Bouznika experiences significant seasonal variation in monthly rainfall.

The rainy period of the year lasts for 7.7 months, from September 25 to May 14, with a
sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The month with the most rain in Bouznika is
November, with an average rainfall of 2.6 inches.

The rainless period of the year lasts for 4.3 months, from May 14 to September 25. The
month with the least rain in Bouznika is July, with an average rainfall of 0.0 inches.

Figure 7: Average Monthly Rainfall

8. Hours of Daylight and Twilight in Bouznika

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 The length of the day in Bouznika varies significantly over the course of the year. In
2022, the shortest day is December 21, with 9 hours, 54 minutes of daylight; the longest
day is June 21, with 14 hours, 24 minutes of daylight.

Figure 8 : Hours of Daylight and Twilight

Sunrise & Sunset with Twilight and Daylight Saving Time in Bouznika.

Figure 9 :Sunrise & Sunset

9. Average Wind Speed in Bouznika

This section discusses the wide-area hourly average wind vector (speed and direction)
at 10 meters above the ground. The wind experienced at any given location is highly
dependent on local topography and other factors, and instantaneous wind speed and
direction vary more widely than hourly averages.

The average hourly wind speed in Bouznika experiences mild seasonal variation over the
course of the year.

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 The windier part of the year lasts for 4.0 months, from February 1 to June 3, with
average wind speeds of more than 8.7 miles per hour. The windiest month of the year in
Bouznika is April, with an average hourly wind speed of 9.4 miles per hour.

The calmer time of year lasts for 8.0 months, from June 3 to February 1. The calmest
month of the year in Bouznika is September, with an average hourly wind speed of 7.9
miles per hour.

Figure 10 : Average Wind Speed

Wind Direction in Bouznika.

Figure 11 : Wind Direction in Bouznika

10. Best Time of Year to Visit

To characterize how pleasant the weather is in Bouznika throughout the year, we compute
two travel scores.

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The tourism score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between 65°F
and 80°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Bouznika for general outdoor
tourist activities is from mid May to mid September, with a peak score in the first week of
July.

Figure 12 : Best Time of Year to Visit

The beach/pool score favors clear, rainless days with perceived temperatures between
75°F and 90°F. Based on this score, the best time of year to visit Bouznika for hot-weather
activities is from late June to early September, with a peak score in the first week of
August.

11. Population and Households:

Population development in Poznia as well as relevant information and services (weather,
Wikipedia, Google, Photos). In 2020, the population reached 37,238.

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 Figure 13 : human development index

Figure 14 :Curve shows population to 2015

12. Satellite Image

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Extract the satellite image of the city Settat from the Earth cartographic server with
WGS84 global geographic projection.

Satellite images have many applications in methodology, oceanography, fishing,

agricluture, biodiversity conservation, foresty, landscape, geology, cartography, regional
planing, education, intelligence and warfare. Images can be in visible clors and in other
spectra.There are alsoelevation maps, usually made by radar images. Interpretation and
analysis of satellite imagery is conducted ,using specialized remote sensing software.

Figure 15: Satellite Image

13. Geological map

A map on which is recorded geologic information, such as the distribution, nature, and
age relationships of rock units (surficial deposits may or may not be mapped separately),
and the occurrence of structural features (folds, faults, joints), mineral deposits, and fossil
localities. It may indicate geologic structure by means of formational outcrop patterns, by
conventional symbols giving the direction and amount of dip at certain points, or by
structure-contour lines.

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 Figure 16 : Geological map

14. Topographic map

A topographic map is a map that indicates the features of the land’s surface, such as
mountains, hills, and valleys. This is typically done with wavy lines that represent the
curves and elevation of the land.

Topographic is the adjective form of the noun topography, which refers to the surface
features of land. Topographic maps are sometimes called topo maps for short.

Topographic maps are frequently used by hikers to navigate and plan their routes, but
they’re for more than just recreation. Architects, biologists, and many other professionals
rely on them for important information about a particular landscape.

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15. DEM (digital elevation modele)
It is a specialized database that represents the relief of a surface between points of
known elevation, based on altitude values of a given area, in our case it is bouznika, we
can download this model easily on the Earth Explorer site.

It is used in hydrolic and geological analyses, hazard monitoring, natural ressources

exploration, agricultural management.

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 Figure 17 : DEM

Figure 18 : DEM by hillshade

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 I. Methodology of work
This project follows two main phases, the first phase is the preparation of geo-
referential data to classify and digitize from data used to have a land cover map and a low
altitude area. The second phase is the analysis of the data obtained on which the criteria
cited above.

II. Data Preparation

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a. Geo-referencing

Geo-referencing is the use of map coordinates for assigning a spatial location to

cartographic entities. All elements a map layer has a specific geographical location and
extent that allow them to be spotted on the surface of the earth. This wwtp is done using
an “ArcToolbox” tool called “Projection”, in my project the suitable projection system is
«Nord_Maroc_degree», by the then calibration points for the topographic map, by
introduction the X and Y coordinates of each point, 3 points are sufficient, so that it is
well georeferenced .

b .Digitalization

This is the process of converting entities to digital format on a paper card. It is a wwtp
that facilitates the task to collect data, through the digitalization of plots, roads and river,
by calculating the area for parcels, and identifying the type of land cover for each plot.
Topographic map Geo-referencing Satellite Image Digitalization River, Roads,
Connecting point.. Analyses (buffer zones, intersections, union) Results (site map
favourable to implementation ) DIGITAL ELEVATON Extraction Zones at low altitudes,
and flood zones Classification 13 To facilitate the management of digitised data, it is
necessary to use the geo-data-base which is the native ArcGIS data structure and the main
data format used for updating and managing data. So “that ArcGIS” uses geographic
information in many system file formats Geographical Information (GIS), it is designed to
use and exploit functions from the geo-data-base.

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Figure 19 : This map shows the land use map with the roads and vccant land and the digitized
river

c .Classification

Supervised classification is the technique most often used for the quantitative analysis
of remote sensing image data. At its core is the concept of segmenting the spectral domain
into regions that can be associated with the ground cover classes of interest to a particular
application.

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 Figure 20 : classification

III. The analysis

After the preparation of the data, it is time to practise space analysis, everything
starting with the “Buffer Zone” tool, followed by “Union”, “intersection”, the “Model
Builder” tool, which includes all three, and in the end the “selection” tool, combination of
these tools gives us successive processes to achieve the main objective of the project.

Creation of buffer zones

Based on the wwtp criteria, we will create buffer zones for the river and the plots
(residential, agricultural).

a. Buffer zones of the river

The wastewater treatment plant must be less than 1000m from the river to minimize
construction of a pipe to deliver the treated water discharged into the pipe. the station

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must be more than 150m from the river to avoid flood zones as well as environmental
impacts.

Figure 21 : Buffer zones of the river

b. The buffer of nearby buildings

The buffer zones of residential areas and agricultural areas are first selected by the
selected by attributes tool and then a buffer zone of 150m each is created.

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 Figure 22 : The buffer of nearby buildings
c. The buffer zones of the connection point

This condition will be achieved by the creation of two buffer zones around the point
wastewater connection one at 500 m and the other at 1000 m allow the selection of highly
suitable plots and located at 500 m the outlet and alternative sites located 1000 m from
the outlet.

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 Figure 23 : The buffer zones of the connection point

d. The buffer zones of the national road

The buffer zones of the national road are determined by the specific attribute tool and
a buffer zone of 50m is created each

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 Figure 24 : The buffer zones of the national road

e. The buffer zones of railway

The buffer zones of the national road are determined by the specific attribute tool and
a buffer zone of 50m is created each.

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 Figure 25 : The buffer zones of railway

f. The buffer zones of power line

Sure, the plant will need electricity, so it has to be close to the power line.

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 Figure 26 : The buffer zones of power line
g. The union

Buffer zones in residential and agricultural areas and flood zones are combined to
have areas that are unsuitable.

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 Figure 27 : The union

h. The intersection

After creating the buffer zones, you go to the intersection. Buffer of the river with the
part at low altitude to find the low part of the river.

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 Figure 28 : The intersection

i. suitable area

Figure 29: suitable area

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j. Results and Discussion

After the data analysis phase, the presentation of the results requires a layout for a
good finish of the final product.

- Creation of data frames for each map

- Fill out each data frame with the corresponding results 19

- Introduce the 3 data frames in one shot by adding to each data frame the legend and
scale matches

Presentation of results must effectively communicate the results of our research. For a
better reading of the results analyse GIS, we the will display as an assembling map 3
maps showing respectively:

- The general view of the city

- Overview of the study area

- Suitable surfaces for the implementation of wwtp.

Figure 30 : The final map

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 On January 06, 2022, in coordination with Mr. Hassan, I visited the real station in
order to check all the criteria, and to make a close look. By the way, I thank everyone
who facilitated access to the station and now I will show some pictures.

1. Some pictures from inside the station.

 Treatment place

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  Basins

There are many basins to collect water.

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  Power line

As I mentioned earlier, the electricity is very close to the station.

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  End of treatment

At the end of the treatment, the water comes out towards the river from being used for
watering again and going to wards the sea.

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 Conclusion
This project, all the necessary operations were carried out to achieve a result which has
confirmed that Geographic information systems, constitute tools space analysis to provide
valuable assistance to land use planning. It is important to note that the quality of decision
made by such a system is closely linked to the quality of the data entered in the database.
Bouznika is one of the cities that are going to wards growth and development in Morocco,
that’s way taking its potential, and protecting its sources remain a duty. And here where the
role of GIS comes in taking decision, and this time to provide water resources for the
communality, and yet it has confirmed that Geographical Information Systems constitute tools
powerful spatial analysis to provide valuable assistance to territory planning. It is important to
note that the quality of aid to the decision made by such a system is closely linked to the
quality of the data. Introduced into the database. The establishment of a treatment plant is
subject to a certain number of constraints. Because it’s likely to bring solution, for the safety
of people, water resources and waste media natural. In addition, we were able to meet the
objectives of the project and know the location ideal of this station in the city of bouznika ,
while taking into consideration the criteria mentioned. Working on this project, we started
with the preparation of the study area namely the road network, altitude and infrastructure.
Based on data provided by different sources, the project database could be generated by
scanning the rasters and treating the shape files in the study area. During the analysis stage,
each criterion was processed using the data prepared during the previous wwtp, beginning
with the definition of buffer zones, passing through the intersection of a set of outputs and
ending with the application a set of selections in order to achieve the appropriate results.
Indeed, this project was for me, a great opportunity that allowed me to implement all the tools
and the techniques that are related to the geographic information system and the spatial
analyzes, by means of a sequencing based on the "qGis" software and a precise analysis
process leads to the correct decision. In addition, the objectives of the project were met and
the ideal location of this wwtp in the town of Sett was known, taking into account the criteria
cited.

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