TECHNICAL REVISION

December 2015

Work Processes

PIP ADG001
Specification for Developing Practices
 PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES

In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has been
prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major industrial users,
contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical requirements into a single
set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering costs to both the purchaser and the
manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice is expected to incorporate the majority of
requirements of most users, individual applications may involve requirements that will be
appended to and take precedence over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose
and particular matters or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations
should not be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names
from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather recognized as
normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications are equally correct and may
be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with
applicable laws and regulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these Practices or
guidelines should conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or
regulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any
material contained in or suggested by the Practice.

This Practice is subject to revision at any time.

© Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of Texas at
Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin, Texas 78759. PIP Member Companies and
Subscribers may copy this Practice for their internal use. Changes or modifications of any kind are not
permitted within any PIP Practice without the express written authorization of PIP. Authorized Users
may attach addenda or overlays to clearly indicate modifications or exceptions to specific sections of
PIP Practices. Authorized Users may provide their clients, suppliers and contractors with copies of the
Practice solely for Authorized Users’ purposes. These purposes include but are not limited to the
procurement process (e.g., as attachments to requests for quotation/ purchase orders or requests for
proposals/contracts) and preparation and issue of design engineering deliverables for use on a specific
project by Authorized User’s client. PIP’s copyright notices must be clearly indicated and
unequivocally incorporated in documents where an Authorized User desires to provide any third party
with copies of the Practice.

PUBLISHING HISTORY
May 1994 Issued May 2002 Technical Revision June 2007 Complete Revision December 2015 Complete Revision
August 2001 Complete Revision July 2004 Complete Revision June 2012 Technical Revision

Not printed with State funds

 TECHNICAL REVISION
December 2015

Work Processes

PIP ADG001
Specification for Developing Practices
Table of Contents

1. Scope ...........................................2

2. References ..................................2
2.1 Process Industry Practices .................2
2.2 Other References ...............................2

3. Definitions ...................................2

4. Requirements ..............................3
4.1 Resources ..........................................3
4.2 Planning .............................................3
4.3 Harmonization ....................................4
4.4 Organization of a Practice ..................5
4.5 Data Forms ......................................13
4.6 Drawings ..........................................13
4.7 Engineering Guides ..........................13
4.8 Technical Writing..............................13

APPENDIXES
Appendix A – Author Checklist
Appendix B – Example of Practice Table
of Contents

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1. Scope
This Practice provides requirements for planning, organizing, and writing Process Industry
Practices (Practices).

2. References
Applicable parts of the following Practices, industry codes and standards, and other references shall
be considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of development or
revision of a Practice shall be used. Short titles are used herein where appropriate.

2.1 Process Industry Practices (PIP)

– PIP ADG004 – Specification for Producing CAD Graphics for Process Industry
Practices
– PIP ADG005 – Specification for Authors Developing Data Forms for Process
Industry Practices
– PIP ADG009 – Guideline for Increasing the Global Application of Process
Industry Practices
– PIP Operations Manual
– PIP Philosophy for Developing and Revising Practices

2.2 Other References

• The Chicago Manual of Style, Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
• William Strunk, Jr., and E. B. White. The Elements of Style, Needham Heights, MA:
Allyn and Bacon.

3. Definitions
audience: Those who will read and use a Practice to perform the work described

authors: PIP Task Team members assigned to develop a Practice

lead author: Task Team member responsible for coordinating the efforts of the Task Team and
PIP Editor

Practice: A compilation of documents inclusive of, but not limited to, text (criteria,
specifications, and guidelines), data forms, and drawings. See PIP Operations Manual, Table 2.

requirements: Actions to be performed, conditions to be met, or a combination of the two as

specified by a Practice to the audience

Task Team: Team chartered by a Function Team to develop or revise a specific Practice. See
“Task Team” in the PIP Operations Manual.

technical writer: Communications specialist who works with the Task Team and the PIP Editor
to write the Practice

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4. Requirements

4.1 Resources
4.1.1 Authors
Authors shall be responsible for the following:
a. Planning and writing Practices
b. Knowing and applying PIP standards for organization and writing style
as provided in this Practice
c. Harmonizing Member Company standards
4.1.2 Lead Author
The lead author shall be responsible for the following:
a. Leading the development of a Practice
b. Ensuring that the Practice follows PIP standards for organization and
writing style
Comment: Appendix A of this Practice provides a checklist for the lead
author’s use to assure that the Practice organization issues are
adequately considered.
c. Technical writing
Comment: If required, the PIP Office can arrange for outside services
support.
d. Coordinating the work of the authors, CAD representative, technical
writer, and PIP Editor
4.1.3 CAD Representative
The CAD representative is responsible for ensuring that CAD graphics are in
accordance with PIP ADG004.
4.1.4 PIP Editor
The PIP Editor is responsible for ensuring that Practices are in accordance with
the sentence construction, writing style, format, and organizational structure
specified in PIP Administrative General (ADG) Practices and the
PIP Operations Manual.

4.2 Planning
Before writing a Practice, the author shall ensure that the Function Team makes the
following major planning decisions:
4.2.1 Type of Practice
4.2.1.1 The type of Practice for a given subject shall be determined in
accordance with the table entitled “Type Codes for Practice Numbers” in
the PIP Operations Manual.

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4.2.1.2 A Practice shall include only the requirements for which the audience is
responsible. Information not helpful to the audience shall not be
included in the Practice.
4.2.1.3 If requirements are relevant to more than one audience, the shared
requirements shall be written in only one Practice.
4.2.1.4 The Practice in which the requirements are included should be
determined by which type of Practice occurs later in the engineering
design, procurement, and construction process.
Comment: For example, if a fabrication specification Practice and an
engineering design Practice share requirements, these
requirements shall appear in the fabrication specification
Practice because the fabrication occurs later in the
process. A reference to the fabrication specification
Practice shall appear in the engineering design Practice.
An engineering design Practice shall reference other
Practices related to the same subject. However, no other
Practices related to that subject shall reference the
engineering design Practice.
4.2.2 Style of Practice
The Practices shall be prepared in either exception-style or narrative-style as
described in the following subsections:
4.2.2.1 Exception-Style Practice
An exception-style Practice defines exceptions to an industry standard.
An exception-style Practice shall be used if an industry standard already
defines the majority of requirements for a subject. The exception style
shall be the first choice of authors.
Comment: Exception-style Practices reduce the number of
requirements that PIP must generate and maintain. The
exception-style also offers the benefit of alerting the
audience to nonstandard requirements.
4.2.2.2 Narrative-Style Practice
A narrative-style Practice is used if an exception-style Practice is inappropriate.
A narrative-style Practice may supplement the content of an industry standard,
but requirements in the Practice are not written as exceptions to the industry
standard; rather, the author selects the requirements to include and the structure
in which the requirements are presented.

4.3 Harmonization
4.3.1 The PIP Office and the appropriate Function Team shall request Member
Company standards for the harmonization process.
4.3.2 A Practice shall be developed by a Task Team in accordance with the following
compiling and harmonization steps:
a. Assemble existing applicable Member Company standards.

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b. If possible, align sections, paragraphs, and individual requirements from

each company standard for comparison.
c. Compare Member Company requirements to determine similarities and
differences.
d. Determine if one of the Member Company-provided standards is
comprehensive, up-to-date, and suitable for use as a framework to
simplify the initial development work.
e. Align similarities and harmonize the differences in the Member
Companies’ requirements considering safety, environmental
responsibility, quality, and Total Cost of Ownership in accordance with
PIP Philosophy for Developing and Revising Practices.
f. Provide the Practice to Member Companies for review. Comments
should be resolved in accordance with the same PIP Philosophy.

4.4 Organization of a Practice

4.4.1 General
4.4.1.1 Template PIPtemplate.dot may be used for developing Practices. This
template contains the cover page, boilerplate and PIP styles for a
Practice. Template PIPtemplate.dot is available from the PIP Editors.
4.4.1.2 The sections and subsections of a Practice shall be ordered as listed in
Table 1.
Table 1. Organization of Practice Types

Data Forms Data Drawings Piping

Narrative Exception with Form(s) with Drawings Material
Section Practices Practices Instructions Only Narrative Only Specs.

Title and TOC X X X (X) X X

Scope X X X X X
References (X) (X) (X)
Definitions (X) (X)
Requirements X X X X
Appendixes (X)
Data Forms (X) X X
Drawings (X) X X
Contact PIP Office X
Note: X – Required, (X) – If required.

4.4.2 Title and Table of Contents Page

4.4.2.1 The title and table of contents (TOC) page shall identify the Practice by
number and title, and list the main headings of the Practice.
4.4.2.2 The lead author shall provide the Practice title and number.

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4.4.2.3 The PIP Editor shall format the TOC page.

4.4.2.4 The title of the Practice shall indicate the topic (e.g., Anchor Bolts) and
type (e.g., Specification) of Practice. Table 2 provides examples for
appropriate arrangements of title wording for various types of Practices.
4.4.2.5 See Appendix B for an example of a Practice TOC.
4.4.2.6 If appendixes, data forms, and/or drawings are included in the contents
of a Practice, they shall be listed on the TOC page.
4.4.2.7 If a Practice is jointly authored by two or more Function Teams, the
Function Teams shall be shown on the cover page. The Function Team
that has primary responsibility for the Practice shall be shown first and
that Function Team’s numbering system shall be used.

Table 2. Examples of Practice Titles

CODE TYPE AUDIENCE TITLE

C Criteria Engineers Structural Steel Design Criteria
E Engineering Engineers Anchor Bolt Design Guide
Guide
S Specification Vendors Gasket Purchase Specification
Fabricators Piping Fabrication Specification
Manufacturers Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps for Water Service
Manufacturing Specification
Installers Instrument Pipe Support Installation Specification
Constructors Roadway and Area Paving Construction Specification
F Fabrication Fabricators Vessel Support Fabrication Details
Details
I Installation Installers Cold Insulation Installation Details
Details Constructors Sewer Construction Details
T Inspection & Vendors Piping and Valve Positive Material Identification
Testing Requirements
Requirements Fabricators Shop Fabricated Piping Leak Testing Requirements
Manufacturers Centrifugal Pump Testing Requirements
Installers Piping System Inspection and Testing Requirements
Constructors Concrete Structure Inspection and Testing Requirements
D Documentation Vendors Process Analyzer Documentation Requirements
Requirements Fabricators Heat Exchanger Fabrication Documentation Requirements
Manufacturers Refractory Product Documentation Requirements
G General PIP Authors Comment: Should not be used for Practices other than PIP
(Internal PIP) and Editors administrative requirements.

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4.4.3 Scope Section

1. If the Practice title does not clearly define the audience, the Scope shall
define the audience and intended use of the Practice.
2. The Scope shall describe the range of topics the Practice covers.
3. If scope limitations apply, the limitations shall be listed.
4. If the Practice consists of only data forms, the Scope section shall be
omitted.
5. Because the main purpose of an exception-style Practice is to supplement an
industry code or standard, the Scope section shall identify that code or
standard.
Comment: An example of the Scope section for an exception-style Practice
follows:
“The requirements in this Practice are modifications, additions,
and/or deletions (exceptions) to the requirements in
ASME B73.1-2001. The section/paragraph numbers and the
associated headings used in this Practice correspond to the ones
used in ASME B73.1. Since this Practice does not take exception
to all the requirements in ASME B73.1, the section/paragraph
numbers in this Practice may not be sequential.”
4.4.4 References Section
4.4.4.1 The References section shall list only the Practices, industry codes and
standards, and other documents that are referenced in the Practice.
4.4.4.2 The References section shall be omitted if no documents are referenced
or if the Practice consists of only data forms.
4.4.4.3 Documents that are currently under development, not approved, or not
readily available shall not be referenced.
4.4.4.4 References made only in hidden text (see Section 4.8.5) shall not be
included in the References Section.
4.4.4.5 A reference shall be listed beneath one of the following subheadings:
a. Process Industry Practices (PIP)
b. Industry Codes and Standards
c. Government Regulations
d. Other References
4.4.4.6 Process Industry Practices (PIP)
1. Practices shall be listed in alphanumerical order by Practice number.
2. Each listing shall include “PIP,” the Practice number, and title.

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4.4.4.7 Industry Codes and Standards

1. Industry codes and standards shall be subdivided by publishing
organization in alphabetical order. Each subheader shall identify the
organization name followed by organization acronym in parentheses.
2. Industry codes and standards shall be listed in alphanumerical order
under the appropriate subheading.
3. Each listing shall include organization acronym, identification code
(if applicable), title, and date if different from latest edition.
4. Industry codes and standards that do not have identification codes
shall be listed by title.
4.4.4.8 Government Regulations
1. Government regulations shall be referenced only to support technical
requirements in a Practice.
2. Government regulations shall be listed in alphanumerical order.
4.4.4.9 Other References
1. Books and journal articles shall be listed in alphabetical order by title.
2. Each listing shall include author, title, edition number (if
applicable), publisher, and publication date.
4.4.5 Definitions Section
4.4.5.1 The Definitions section shall define the following terms:
a. Words or phrases that are not well known
b. Words or phrases that have multiple definitions
c. Industry jargon, symbols, and abbreviations
d. Words used to identify responsible parties, such as “supplier” or
“purchaser.” See Table 3 for recommended language for
definitions that identify responsible parties.

Table 3. Definitions for Responsible Parties

PARTY DEFINITION
owner The party who owns the facility wherein (what is provided or installed)
will be used
purchaser The party who awards the contract to the supplier. The purchaser may
be the owner or the owner’s authorized agent.
purchaser’s The purchaser’s authorized representative with authority to act in the
inspector interest of, and on behalf of, the purchaser in quality assurance matters
supplier The party responsible for (providing and/or installing what is required by
the Practice). (Because it is intended that the requirements in a Practice
are to be provided by the supplier, the use of the term “supplier” should
be minimized.)
supplier’s The supplier’s authorized representative, responsible for the quality
inspector control of materials, installations, and workmanship provided by the
supplier, and any of the supplier’s subcontractors or vendors

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4.4.5.2 Definitions of terms used in Practices of the same Function Team shall
be consistent.
4.4.5.3 The Definitions section shall be omitted if no terms require definition in
the Practice.
4.4.6 Requirements Section
4.4.6.1. The Requirements section shall contain the requirements of the work
process described in the Practice. Requirements shall not be included in
the other Practice sections (e.g., Scope).
4.4.6.2. The Requirements section structure shall depend on the style of the Practice.
4.4.6.3 The Requirements section shall be omitted if the Practice consists of
only data forms or drawings.
4.4.6.4 Exception-Style Practices
1. Exception-style Practices shall follow the structure of the industry
code or standard to which the Practice is taking exception.
2. Only those headings and subheadings from the supplemented
document in which exceptions are taken shall be shown.
Comment: Because the Practice uses the same heading numbers
and heading text from the supplemented document, the
heading numbers in the Requirements section of the
Practice can begin with any number. Heading numbers
are not always consecutive, but the numbering system
is in alignment with the supplemented document.
3. Only the subheadings and paragraphs of the Requirements section
shall be numbered in an exception-style Practice. Other section
headings, subheadings, and paragraphs shall not be numbered.
Comment: An example of the first paragraph of the Requirements
section in exception-style Practices is as follows:
“The numbering of the headings and paragraphs in
the Requirements section corresponds to the
numbering of API 610, which this Practice revises.
The type of revision made to a specified heading or
paragraph is described after the heading or paragraph
identification. Provisions of API 610 that are not
revised remain in force.”
Although this example paragraph is included in the
Requirements section, it is not part of the supplemented
document and therefore is not numbered.
4. The exceptions shall fall into one of the following four categories:
a. Addition
(1) Supplement as follows
(2) New paragraph

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b. Modification
(1) To read as follows (full modification)
(2) (First, Second, Last, etc.) sentence to read as follows
(partial modification)
c. Deletion
(1) Delete the following portion
(2) Delete the following sentence
(3) Delete in entirety
d. Decision
(1) Option selected
Comment: An example of how exceptions may be handled in a
Practice is shown in Figure 1.
4.4.6.5 Narrative-Style Practices
1. The structure of the narrative-style Practices shall include headings
that follow the natural flow of the work process and shall include
only those requirements for which the audience is responsible.
2. The following shall be organizational characteristics of the
narrative-style Practices:
a. All headings and subheadings numbered consecutively
b. Maximum of four levels of headings
c. Only one requirement per paragraph
Comment: An example of a narrative-style Practice is shown
in Figure 2.
4.4.6.6 Information from reference material shall be cited, not repeated. Citation
shall be by document number, e.g., API 650, Section 3.1; PIP RESP001.
4.4.6.7 Comment Paragraphs
1. A comment may be included to provide clarity or helpful
information.
2. The comment paragraph shall begin with “Comment:” and
immediately follows the associated paragraph.
3. The word “Comment” shall be italicized, and the paragraph shall be
unnumbered.
Comment: If many comments are needed for the Practice,
consider creating a separate guide.

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Requirements

The numbering of the headings and paragraphs in the Requirements section corresponds to the
numbering of API 610, which this Practice revises. The type of revision made to a specified heading or
paragraph is described after the heading or paragraph identification. Provisions of API 610 that are not
revised remain in force.
2. Basic Design
2.1 General
2.1.1 Decision. Option Selected:
Head-capacity curves shall rise continuously to shutoff. Head rise for parallel
operation shall be 10 percent minimum.
2.1.2 Addition. New Paragraph:
Suction specific speed, calculated at the best efficiency point with the NPSHR
based on a 3 percent head drop, shall not exceed 11,000.
2.10 Lubrication
2.10.3.1 Modification. To Read as Follows:
An oil reservoir, with the characteristics specified in Item 1 through
Item 7 shall be supplied.
2.10.3.2 Addition. Supplement as Follows:
Specification MSS SP 55 shall govern acceptance criteria for visual
inspection.
4. Inspection and Tests
4.4 Preparation for Shipment
4.4.1 Deletion. Delete the following sentence:
Additional requirements for shipment preparation shall be specified in
Addendum C, “Additional Shipping Requirements.”
4.4.2 Deletion. Delete in Entirety.

Figure 1. Example of Key Sections of an Exception-Style Practice

4.4.6.8 Figures and Tables

1. Illustrations (e.g., photographs, drawings, diagrams, graphs) shall be
labeled “figures.”
2. Numerical data and parallel descriptions presented in tabular form
shall be labeled “tables.”
3. Figures and tables shall be referenced in the text and shall only
contain information that is explained in the text.
4. Each figure and table shall be labeled with a formal number and
title, e.g., “Table 1. Envelope Dimensions for Underground Pipe.”

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5. Figures and tables shall be introduced sequentially in the text in

numerical order, i.e., Figure 1, Figure 2, Table 1, Table 2, etc.
6. The PIP Editors may be consulted for assistance with developing
and incorporating figures into a Practice.

4. Requirements
4.1 Quality Control
4.1.1 Certification as Category II by the AISC Quality Certification program shall
be provided.
4.1.2 Quality control services for materials and workmanship shall be provided.

4.2 Submittals
4.2.1 The following documents shall be submitted to the purchaser and approval
shall be received from the structural engineer of record before the start of
fabrication:
a. Two sets of erection and shop drawings
b. One set of engineering calculation sheets in accordance with
Section 3.1.4.6
c. One copy of connection design certification in accordance with
Section 3.1.4.5
4.2.2 A shipping list (including total weight), bolt list, and two sets of final erection
and shop drawings shall accompany the first shipment of each release.

4.3 Materials
4.3.1 Structural Shapes, Plates, and Bars
4.3.1.1 ASTM A36 or ASTM A572 Grade 50 materials shall be used.
4.3.1.2 Structural shapes, plates, and bars shall be as specified on the
design drawings.
4.3.2 Standard Bolt Assemblies
4.3.2.1 Bolts shall be ASTM A307 Grade A heavy hex.
4.3.2.2 Washers shall be ASTM F436.
4.3.2.3 Nuts shall be ASTM A563 heavy hex.

Figure 2. Example of Key Sections of a Narrative-Style Practice

4.4.7 Appendix Section

4.4.7.1 The Appendix section shall include material that elaborates on or
explains information found in other sections of the Practice.
4.4.7.2 Appendix information should not be essential to the Practice
requirements yet should be helpful to a reader seeking further
clarification. Information essential for defining Practice requirements
shall be placed within the body of the Practice.

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4.4.7.3 Appendixes shall be referenced in the text of the Practice.

4.5 Data Forms

4.5.1 If a Practice contains only data forms with instructions, the instructions shall
contain the sections and subsections as described in Section 4.4 of this Practice.
4.5.2 Data forms shall be developed in accordance with PIP ADG005.

4.6 Drawings
Drawings shall be developed in accordance with PIP ADG004.

4.7 Engineering Guides

4.7.1 Engineering guides may include:
a. Tutorial information on technical topics
b. Descriptions of design alternatives
c. Background on requirements contained in associated Practices
d. Explanations of the uses of Practices
e. Recommended calculation methods
f. Examples of design methods and calculations
4.7.2 Engineering guides shall not include requirements.
4.7.3 Engineering guides may provide guidance for one Practice or several Practices.
4.7.4 Engineering guides shall not be referenced in other Practices.
4.7.5 The only audience for an engineering guide should be an engineer.
4.7.6 The purposes of engineering guides are to assist engineers in the use of the
Practices and in understanding the fundamentals of the technologies.
4.7.7 Engineering guides shall be written using the narrative style.
4.7.8 Although an engineering guide shall start with a Scope section and contain
References and Definitions sections (if appropriate), a Requirements section
shall not be included.
4.7.9 The Requirements section shall be replaced with the guidance information
organized in a way that best suits the topic to be conveyed.
4.7.10 Section headings that follow the Definitions section shall indicate each subtopic
for which guidance is given.

4.8 Technical Writing

4.8.1 Writing Style
Writing style shall be in accordance with The Chicago Manual of Style and The
Elements of Style.

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4.8.2 Language and Construction

4.8.2.1 Sentence Construction
Sentences shall be clear, concise, and unambiguous. Long, convoluted
sentences shall be divided into two or more short, simple sentences.
4.8.2.2 Passive-Voice Versus Active-Voice Sentences
1. Sentences that emphasize the subject shall use indicative mood,
passive voice, e.g., Removable trays shall be designed to pass
through vessel manways.
2. Sentences that emphasize the action (e.g., procedures) may use
imperative mood, active voice, e.g., Apply rust protective coating
after sandblasting.
4.8.2.3 Statements of Intent
1. Requirements written in passive voice shall be denoted by the word
“shall.”
2. Limited choices and limited options shall be denoted by the word
“shall,” e.g., Pressure taps shall be horizontal on the side of the line
or 45 degrees down from vertical.
3. Recommendations shall be denoted by the word “should,” e.g.,
Pressure taps should be vertical, up from the top of the line.
4. Permissions shall be denoted by the word “may,” e.g., Components
may be shipped unpainted.
5. Possibilities of occurrences or cautionary statements shall be
denoted by the word “may,” e.g., Horizontal taps may require wider
spacing of process piping at the orifice section.
4.8.2.4 Pronouns
1. In exception-style Practices, pronoun use shall follow the usage in
the industry code or standard with which exceptions are taken.
2. In narrative-style Practices, pronouns shall not be used.
4.8.2.5 Abbreviations and Acronyms
1. When first used in the Practice and any appendixes, a term, name, or
phrase shall be spelled out followed by the abbreviation or acronym
enclosed in parentheses, e.g., Process Industry Practices (PIP).
2. Abbreviations and acronyms without definitions may be used only if
in common usage by the audience of a Practice.
3. If used frequently throughout the Practice, abbreviations or acronyms
shall be introduced in the Definitions section of the Practice.
4. Once introduced, the abbreviation or acronym may be used
throughout the rest of the Practice.

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4.8.2.6 Jargon
1. Jargon may be used only if jargon is the most effective method of
communication.
2. If jargon is used, the terms shall be defined in the Definitions section.
4.8.2.7 Emphasis
Bolding, italicizing, underlining, and other special formatting shall not
be used for emphasis.
4.8.3 Capitalization
4.8.3.1 As used here, “capitalization” means using an uppercase letter for the
first letter in a word and lowercase letters for the remaining letters.
4.8.3.2 Capitalization shall be used in the following applications:
a. As recommended by The Chicago Manual of Style or The
Elements of Style
b. Key words in Practice titles, headings, and subheadings
c. Key words in titles of tables and figures
d. List entries, except common nouns defined in the Definitions
section of a Practice
e. Terms capitalized in a referenced industry standard or code
f. PIP “proper” nouns, e.g., Task Team, Practice, etc.
4.8.4 Numbers
4.8.4.1 Integers
1. Unless otherwise specified, whole numbers one through ten shall be
spelled out.
2. Unless otherwise specified, numbers greater than ten shall be in the
numeric form, e.g., 11, 12, 13.
3. A number at the beginning of a sentence shall be spelled out, unless
the number represents a year (e.g., 1994).
4. Numeric form shall be used for units of measure and time.
5. Numeric form shall be used for equations.
4.8.4.2 Decimals
Decimal numbers less than one shall include a zero before the decimal.
4.8.4.3 Fractions
1. A slash shall separate the numerator of a fraction from the
denominator.
2. A hyphen shall separate a whole number from a fraction, e.g., 3-3/4.

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PIP ADG001 TECHNICAL REVISION
Specification for Developing Practices December 2015

4.8.4.4 Ranges
1. A dash with no spaces on either side shall indicate the word
“through” if used with numbers, e.g., 6–8.
2. If using symbols with a range of numbers, a dash with no spaces on
either side shall be used and the symbol shall be repeated with each
number, e.g., 90%–95%.
3. For temperature ranges, the degree sign shall be repeated and the
range shall be followed by the temperature scale abbreviation with
no space between, e.g., 10º–20ºC.
4.8.4.5 Units of Measure
See PIP ADG009 for units of measure requirements.
4.8.5 Hidden Text
4.8.5.1 Hidden text should be used in Practices for the following purposes:
a. To call attention to items that need to be resolved at a later time after
publication.
b. To provide information about decisions regarding a Practice requirement.
c. To document appropriate information about resolutions of
significant differences in approach or opinion about a topic within
the Practice. Apply hidden text to document concerns and different
points of view.
4.8.5.2 Hidden text shall not be used for requirements or comments that need to
be known by the audience of the Practice.
4.8.5.3 Hidden text shall be clearly identified for the PIP Editor.
4.8.5.4 The style for hidden text is included in the PIP Template.
4.8.5.5 Hidden text shall only be available for viewing in the native Practice format.

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PIP ADG001 TECHNICAL REVISION
Specification for Developing Practices December 2015

APPENDIXES

Appendix A – Author Checklist

Appendix B – Example of Practice Table of Contents

 APPENDIX A

ASSOC. PIP:
AUTHOR CHECKLIST ADG001-F
ADG001
PAGE 1 OF 1
FORM DATE:
DECEMBER 2015

Practice No.: Date: Rev:

Check Comments
Off Requirements (Required for Noncompliance)

1. Title is descriptive of the contents of the Practice and gives

information as to the intended audience. See Table 2.

2. Scope identifies audience and clearly states range of topics

that are and are not covered.
3. References are listed only if used in the body of the text.
References are officially published and readily available.
Government regulations are referenced only to support
technical requirements.
4. Definitions include only terms that deviate from an ordinarily
accepted meaning or dictionary definition.
5. The organization of Requirements is aligned with the typical
sequence of the technical work process described.
Requirements include only requirements for which the
audience (as identified in the Purpose) is responsible.
6. Headings and subheadings in Requirements are used at
each topic or subtopic and are descriptive of the content.
7. Requirements are stated one per numbered paragraph or
list item.

8. Contents of referenced documents are not copied.

9. Requirements are clearly stated without explanation or

discussion. (The exception is Criteria Practices intended for
design engineers. In this case the explanation or discussion
is contained in a “comment” paragraph format.)
10. Use of tables and figures are maximized in Requirements to
convey information clearly.
Other comments:

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 APPENDIX B
TECHNICAL REVISION
December 2015

PIP ADG001
Specification for Developing Practices

Table of Contents

1. Scope ...........................................2

2. References ..................................2
2.1 Process Industry Practices .................2

3. Definitions ...................................2

4. Requirements ..............................3
4.1 Resources ..........................................3
4.2 Planning .............................................4
4.3 Organization of a Practice ..................5

APPENDIX
Title of Appendix

Data Forms
Data Form Number – Data Form Title

Drawings
Drawing Number – Drawing Title

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