adflicto affligo : to injure, weaken, discourage,

A damage, break.
adhaero : to hang to, stick to, adhere.
abbas abbatis : father / abbot. adhuc : till then, till now, still, even now, besides,
abbatia : abbey, monastery. also, yet.
abduco : to lead, or take away / detach, withdraw. adicio : to direct, address, apply / to throw to.
abeo : to go away, retire / depart from life, die. adimpleo : to fulfill, perform.
abeo : to digress / change / vanish, disappear. adinventitias : (?) Herimann, cap 2.
abscido : to cut off, to separate, take away. adipiscor : to come up to, overtake, obtain.
absconditus : hidden, concealed. adiuvo : to help, aid, assist.
absens, absentis : (adj.) absent, missing, away, gone. administratio : giving of help, administration,
absorbeo : to swallow, gulp down, carry away, government.
engross. admiratio : wonder, astonishment, surprise,
absque : (+ abl.) without. admiration.
abstergo : to wipe off, clean away. admiror : to wonder at, admire, marvel at.
absum : to be absent, be away, be missing. admitto : to admit, receive.
abundans : abundant, overflowing, abounding in. admoneo : admonish, advise.
abundantia : abundance, bounty, plenty admonitio : warning, reminder (insult - Herimann, p.
abutor : to make full use of, to abuse. 282).
abutor : to use abusive language / use a word admoveo : to move to, bring up, apply.
incorrectly. adnuo : to nod assent.
ac : (atque) : and adopto : to wish for oneself, adopt, select, pick out.
accedo : to approach, come near / (things) to be adsidue assidue : continuously, without remission.
added. adstringo : (persons) bind, oblige, (+ refl.) commit
accendo : to kindle, illuminate, inflame. oneself to
acceptus : welcome, pleasant, agreeable. adstringo : to tight, compress, compact /
accipio : to consider oneself indebted, receive, learn, adstringo : to draw together, tighten, bind.
take. adsuesco assuesco : to grow accustomed to, used to,
accommodo : to adjust, adapt, accommodate oneself. make familiar.
accusator : accusor, plaintiff. adsum : to assist, be present, be near, be in
accuso : to accuse, blame, find fault with. attendance,
acer : sharp, keen, eager, severe, fierce. adsumo (assumo) : to take to oneself, claim,
acerbitas : harshness, bitterness. appropriate, call.
acerbus : bitter, gloomy, dark. adulatio : fawning, flattery, sycophancy, buttering up.
acervus : a heap, mass. adulescens : young man, youth, lad.
acidus : sharp, sour. adulescentia : youth
acies : keenness, edge, sharpness, battle-line, adultus : (adj.) grown up, mature, adult, of age.
battlefield. aduro (adustum) : to set fire to, burn, singe, kindle,
acquiro : to acquire, gain, get, obtain. light.
acsi : as if, (Herimann p. 283, 293). advenio : to come, arrive, reach.
adamo : to fall in love with, find pleasure in. adversus : (prep. + acc.) toward, against, facing
adaugeo : to make greater, add, increase. adversus : (adj.) facing, opposite, opposing.
addo : to give, bring, place, / inspire, cause, / add, adverto : to turn towards, direct one's attention to,
join. attract.
adduco : to lead, induce, persuade. advoco : to summon, call / call in an advisor.
ademptio: a taking away. aedificium edificium : building, structure.
adeo : to such a point, such an extent, so far, so long. aeger eger : sick, ill.
adeo : to approach, visit, come to, undertake. aegre egre : (adv.) hardly, scarcely, with difficulty,
adeptio : attainment, obtaining. laboriously.
adepto : to obtain, get, acquire. aegresco egresco : to fall ill, become troubled, grow
adfectus affectus : (fr. adficio) : influenced, worked worse.
upon. aegresco : to become ill, grow worse, be ill.
adfero affero : to cause, bring about, contribute. aegretudo egretudo : sickness, mental illness.
adfero affero : to bring news, report / apply, bring to aegrotatio egrotatio : sickness, illness.
bear. aegrus : ill, diseased, unwell.
adficio : to affect, afflict, weaken, sap, exhaust, drain. aeneus eneus : made of copper or bronze, brazen.
aequitas equitas : justice, fairness, equity. ambitus : border, edge, extent / going around, circuit.
aequus, equus : level, even, calm, equal, favorable, ambulo : to walk.
just. amicitia : friendship
aer, aeris : air, atmosphere, ether, weather. amiculum : cloak, cape.
aestas estas : summer. amicus : friend, comrade.
aestivus estivus : pertaining to summer. amissio / amissus : loss.
aestus estus : heat, tide. amita : father's sister, paternal aunt.
aetas : an age, stage, period of life, time, era. amitto : to dismiss, send away, lose, let slip away.
aeternus eternus : eternal, everlasting, without end. amitto : to send away, let go, let slip, lose.
Affligeniensis, Haffligeniensis : Afflighem. amo : to love, like, be fond of, cherish.
ager (agri) : farm, field, acre. amor : love, affection, infatuation, passion.
aggero : to make a mound, heap up, increase. amoveo : to move away, remove, take out, shift.
aggredior : to go to, approach, address, attack. amplexus : an embracing, surrounding, loving
agnitio : recognition, knowledge. embrace, [euphemism] amplio : to enlarge, increase,
agnosco : to know again, recognize, report, improve.
understand, admit. amplitudo : size, breadth, dignity, grandeur,
agnosco : acknowledge. greatness.
agnosco : to recognize, understand, perceive. amplus : large, spacious, ample / great important,
ago (egi actum ) : to spend time, live / manage, drive, honorable.
lead. an : (adv.) or "Are you going OR are you staying?"
ait : he says. ancilla : maidservant, also used by nuns to describe
aiunt: they say. themselves.
Aldenard : Audenarde. Andegavense : Anjou.
alienus : somebody else's, foreign, alien, strange, angelus : angel.
different. angulus : corner, niche.
alii ... alii : some ... others. angustus : narrow, limited, strait, tight, constricted.
alioqui : (adv.) otherwise. animadverto : to turn the mind to, take notice of, see,
alioquin : (adv.) otherwise, in some respects / in perceive.
general. animi : at heart.
aliqua : some. animus : courage, vivacity, bravery, will, spirit, soul.
aliquando : at any time, sometimes, occasionally, at animus : character, intellect, memory, consciousness,
last. often mind.
aliquanta : (adj.) moderate, or some size. annus : year.
aliquanto : somewhat, considerably. anser : goose.
aliquantum : (noun) a good deal. ante : (prep. + acc.) before / in front of / (adv.)
aliquantus : (adj.) of some size, moderate. before, previously.
aliqui : some. antea : (adv.) before, previously, formerly.
aliquid : someone, somebody, something. antepono : (+ dat.) put before, prefer, favor,
aliquis : someone, anyone, anything, (adv.) in any promote.
respect. antiquus : ancient, old, hoary,
aliquo : (adv.) in some direction. aperio : to uncover, lay bare, reveal, make clear.
aliquot : some, several. aperte : openly, frankly.
aliquotiens : some times. apostolus : (legal) notice sent to a higher tribunal /
alius alia aliud : other, another, someone else, ecc. Apostle.
something else. apparatus : equipment, gear, machinery / splendor,
allatus (=adfero) : having been brought. magnificence.
alo (alui altum) : nourish, cherish, support, sustain, appareo : to become visible, appear, manifest
maintain, keep. appello : to call, name, summon.
Alos : alquod: some. appono : to appoint a person, to add something.
alter : (adv.) otherwise. appono : to place near, put to, serve, put on the table.
alter altera alterum : the second, the other one. appositus : placed near, approaching, appropriate,
alter ... alter : the one ... the other. appositively.
altus : high, deep. approbo : to approve.
alveus : hollow, basket, bed (of a river). appropinquo : (+ dat.) to near, drawn near, come
amaritudo : bitterness. close, approach.
Ambianis : Amiens. apto : to fit, adapt, adjust, make ready, or fit.
aptus : fitted, connected, fastened / prepared, fitted attonbitus : frantic, inspired, thunder-struck,
out. stunned.
aptus : suitable, appropriate, fitting. auctor : author, originator.
apud : (prep. + acc.) among, in the presence of, at, at auctoritas : authority
the house of. auctus : growth, enlargement, increase.
aqua : water. audacia : boldness, dash, daring, audacity.
ara : altar audacter, audaciter : boldly, proudly, fearlessly.
aranea : spider's web. audax : bold
arbitro arbitror : to witness, bear witness / judge, audentia : boldness, courage.
arbitrate. audeo : (part. ausus ) : to dare.
arbor : tree. audio : to hear, hearken, listen to.
arbustum : a vineyard planted with trees. auditor : hearer, listener.
arbustus : planted with trees. aufero : to carry away, remove / steal, carry off,
arca archa : chest, box, money box, coffin, cell. make away with.
arceo : to shut up, enclose. aureus : golden.
arcesso, accerso : to bring, fetch, summon, call for. auris : ear.
arcus : bow (BOW and arrows), arch, bend, arc. Aurissiodorenses : Auxerre, dept. Yonne, between
argentum : silver, money. Paris and Dijon.
argumentum : proof, evidence. aurum : gold.
arguo : to show, make clear, attempt to show. aut ... aut : either ... or.
arma : arms, weapons. autem : moreover, however, but, also.
armarium : cupboard, chest, safe (for food, clothing, autus : increase, enlargement, growth.
money). Auxatia : Alsace.
armo : to provide arms, arm, equip, fit out. auxilium : aid, help, assistance, support.
aro : to plow. avaritia : avarice, greed.
ars, artis : skill method, technique, conduct, avarus : greedy, avaricious.
character. aveho : to carry away, remove (avexi avectum )
articulus : (of time) a moment, crisis. averto : to turn away, avert, avoid. turn back.
artificiose : skillfully. Avesniis : Avesnes.
artificiosus : skillful, accomplished, skillfuly made. avoco : to call away, divert.
arto : to press together, reduce, abridged.
arx , arcis : citadel, stronghold, fortress, keep,
donjon. B
ascisco : to receive, admit / adopt / take up, approve.
ascit : baiulus : porter, pall-bearer, carrier of a burden.
asper : rough, harsh, severe. balbus : stammering, stuttering, fumbling.
asperitas : roughness, severity / harshness, barba : beard, whiskers.
fierceness. bardus : stupid, slow, dull.
aspicio : to look at, behold, gaze at, see. basium : kiss.
asporto : to carry off, take away. beatus : blessed, fortunate, sometimes "saint".
assentator : flatterer, sycophant, yes-man. bellicus : martial, military, war-like.
astrum : star, constellation. bellum : war.
Asvesniis : of Avesnes. bellus : beautiful, pretty, charming, handsome.
at : (conj.) but. (more emphatic and emotional than bene : melior : optime : well, better, best
sed). beneficium : benefit, favor, service, privilege, right.
atavus : great-great-great grandfather, ancestor. benevolentia : benevolence, kindness, good will.
ater atra atrum : dark. benigne : kindly, generously.
atqui : (conj.) and yet, still. Berlinmonte : Berlaimont, near Le Quesnoy.
Atrebatum : Arras. bestia : animal, beast.
atrocitas : hashness, cruelty, frightfulness, barbarity, bibo : to drink, quaff.
horror. bis : twice.
atrox : terrible, cruel, horror. blandior : to flatter, caress, (+ dat.) coax.
attero : destroy, waste, weaken, impair. blanditia : blandishments, attractions, allurement,
attero : to weaken, ruin, rub against, rub away, charm.
erode. Blesense : Blois.
attollo : to raise, lift up, elevate / excite, exalt. Boloniense : Bouillon.
bonus melior optimus : good, better, best. casus : accident, chance, fortune.
bos (bovis ) : cow, ox, bull. catena : chain, fetters.
Brabatensium : Brabant. caterva : crowd, troop, flock.
Brachants : Brabant. catervatim : in troops, in masses.
brevis : short, small, brief. Cathalaunenses : Chalons.
brevitas : shortness, brevity. cattus : cat.
breviter : briefly. cauda : the tail of an animal.
Brocherota : Broqueroi. causa : (in the abl.) on account of, for the sake of.
causa : cause / reason, motive, pretext / interest.
causa : case at law, case, law-suit / situation,
C condition.
caute cautim : cautiously, with security.
cado : to fall, drop, plummet, topple. cautela : caution, precaution, security.
caecus : blind, sightless. caveo cavi cautum : beware, avoid, look out for.
caelestis : heavenly, celestial / noun, a god, dweller in cavus : hole, pit.
heaven. cedo : to go, proceed / turn out, happen / go away,
caelum : sky, heaven. withdraw.
calamitas : calamity, misfortune, disaster. cedo cessi cessum : to grant, yield.
calamus : anything made or reed -- pen, arrow, pipe, cedo : (+ dat.) give ground to, submit to, be inferior
etc. to.
calcar, -is : spur. celebrer : famous, renowned.
calco : to tread, trample upon. celebrus : abounding in, rich in, much frequented,
calculus : pebble, stone. respected.
callide : skillfully, cleverly / cunningly, slyly, subtly. celer : quick, swift, rapid, speedy, fast.
callidus : clever, dextrous, experienced, skilful / celeritas : speed, swiftness, rapidity, quickness.
cunning, sly. celeriter : rapidly, quickly, swiftly, speedily.
Cameracum : Cambrai. celo : to hide, conceal, keep secret.
campana : bell. cena : dinner, meal.
candidus : bright, shining, white. cenaculum : garret, attic.
canis : dog. ceno : to dine.
canonicus : canonical, according to the canons, censura : judgement.
legal, lawful, right. centum : (indecl.) one hundred, 100.
canonus : canon, member of a cathedral chapter or cerno : to separate, sift, distinguish / decide, resolve,
canonry, Augustinian. determine.
canto : to sing. cernuus : falling headlong.
capillus : hair. certe certo : (adv) certainly, assuredly.
capio : to seize, take, choose / attack, injure / certo : to contend, settle, dispute, to settle by combat.
comprehend. certus : undoubted, certain, sure.
capitulus : chapter, chapter meeting, chapter house. certus : settled, resolved, decided / definite, certain,
capto : to grab, try to get, grab at. sure.
caput capitis : head / top, summit / chief cervus : stag, deer
carbo carbonis : carbon, coal, charcoal. cetera : for the rest, otherwise
carcer : prison, cell, jail, dungeon. ceteri : the remaining, the rest, the others
careo : (+ abl. of sep.) be without, be deprived of, ceterum : (adv.) otherwise, moreover, but.
lack, want. ceterus : the other, the rest.
caries : rottenness, corruption, decay. charisma carisma : gift, present.
cariosus : rotten, decayed. chirographum : autograph, person's own
caritas : dearness, affection / charity. handwriting / written charter.
carmen : song, poem. cibo : food for animals
Carnotense : Chartres. cibus : food for men and animals.
Carnutum Carnotum : Chartres. cicuta : hemlock.
carpo : to pluck, seize, grab, lay hold of, hold on to. cilicium : (? Herimann, p. 311)
carus : dear, beloved / costly, high-priced, expensive. cimentarius : mason?
casso : to bring to naught, destroy, annul, make void. ciminatio : accusation, calumny, charge.
caste : purely, spotlessly, purely, uprightly, chastely. ciminosus : reproachful, slanderous.
Castellandum : Chateaudun. cinis cineris : ashes, embers.
circumvenio : to come around, surround, cheat, comitatus : train, retinue, following / war band.
defraud. comiter : courteously, in a kindly, friendly manner.
circumvenio : to beset, assail. comitto : to entrust, commit.
cito: quickly, rapidly, speedily. commemoro : to remind, relate, mention.
civilis : civil, civic. commeo : To go up and down, back and forth, in and
civis : citizen, townsman, bourgeois, burgess. out.
civitas : state, citizenship, city-state. commessatio, onis : eating together.
clam : secretly, in secret. comminor : to threaten.
clamo : to call, shout, cry aloud, proclaim, declare. comminuo : to scatter, weaken, damage.
clamor : loud shouting, cry. comminus : hand to hand, in close combat.
claro : to make bright or clear, make clear in the commisceo : to intermingle, join, mix.
mind. commissum : undertaking, that which is entrusted.
clarus : clear, bright / renowned, famous, illustrious commodo : (+ acc.) to furnish, lend, give.
claudeo : to limp, halt, be lame, to hobble. commodo : to make fit, adapt, please, oblige, serve.
claudo (clausus) : to confine, shut up, close, commodum : suitable time, opportunity,
blockade, besiege. convenience, use.
claudus : lame. commodum : convenience, advantage, opportunity,
claustrum : bolt, bar, prison, den, pen, enclosure / comfort.
cloister. commoneo : to remind someone forcibly of
clementia : indulgence, forbearance, humanity, something.
mercy, gentleness, etc. commoneo : to remember, recollect.
clibanus : oven, furnace / tray for bread making. commoneo : to impress upon one. to remind.
coadunatio : a gathering together, a summing up, a commoveo : to move violently, disturb, shake / excite,
uniting. upset.
coaegresco : to become sick at the same time. communis : common, general, run of the mill.
coepi : (pres. incipio ) : began, started, undertook, comparo : to compare.
initiated. compater : the godfather of a man's child.
coerceo : surround, enclose, restrain, confine. compatior : to suffer with one, feel pity, have
cogito : to think, ruminate, ponder, consider, plan. compassion.
cognatus : (adj.) related by blood (noun) a relative, compello : to drive together, collect, force, compel.
kinsman. comperio : to disclose wholly, lay open / learn, find
cognomen : surname, family name, nick-name. out.
cognosco : to examine, inquire, learn. comperio : to disclose fully, find out with certainty.
cogo, coegi, coactum : to compel, restrict, confine. comperte : on good authority.
cogo, coegi, coactum : to bring together, drive, draw. compes, compedis : fetters, shackles, chained.
cohaero cohero cohesi cohesum : to adhere, stick compes : fetters, shackles, chains.
together competo : to be appropriate, suitable, fit.
cohibeo : confine, restrain, hold back, repress. complectus : embrace, grasp.
cohors : a yard, enclosure / troop, 1 / 10 of a legion. compleo : to finish.
cohortor : to encourage, incite, exhort. compleo : to fill up, man, bring up to strength, fulfill.
colligo : to gather together, collect, assemble. compono : to put together, compose.
colloco : to place, put, arrange. compositio : composition, agreement, pact /
collum : neck. arrangement.
colo colui cultum : cultivate, cherish compositus : orderly, matching, made up of pieces.
color : color. comprehendo : to seize, arrest, take prisoner, catch
coloratus : colored / dark-complexioned. red-handed.
coloro : to color. comprehendo : to grasp, take together, unite /
coma : hair of the head, leaves, rays of light. comprehend.
combibo : to drink up, suck in. comprehendo : to embrace, take firmly, include,
comburo : to burn up, to ruin, consume. seize.
comedo comedi comesum : to eat up, consume / comprobo : to approve fully / to confirm, prove,
waste, squander. establish.
comes comitis : companion, friend, comrade / count. comprovincialis : born in the same province.
cometes : comet comptus : a head-dress, a hairband.
cometissa comitissa : countess. conatus : exertion, effort / undertaking / impulse,
comis : courteous, kind, friendly. inclination.
concedo : to concede, yield, allow, grant, withdraw, consisto : (+ in) to depend on, rely on.
give up. consisto : to take one's stand, stand still, stop, be
concepta : measures, capacity. posted.
concero : connect join, twine, join in conflict. consisto : (+ abl. etc.) to be formed of, consist / stop,
concido : to fall down, sink, perish / (wind) subside. stay.
concido : to be ruined, fail / cut up, cut down, consitor : sower, planter.
destroy. conspergo : to sprinkle, bestrew.
concilium : council conspicio : to catch sight of, perceive, behold,
concipio : to take or lay hold of, receive, take in. understand.
concisus : cut up, broken, brief, concise. constans : steady, firm, unchanging, constant,
concito : to move violently, stir up, excite. unwavering.
conculco : to tread under foot, despise, oppress, constanter : steadily, firmly.
suppress. constituo : to set up, place, establish, post, station.
concupiscentia : avarice, covetousness. constituo : to arrange, decide, appoint, settle, found,
concupisco : to covet, aim at, desire eagerly. set up.
concutio : to shake, disturb, agitate. consto : to be established, stand firm, stop, endure.
concutio : to shake together, agitate, alarm, disturb, constringo constrixi constrictum : to bind, confine,
shatter. restrain.
Condato : Cond . construo construxi constructum : to construct,
condico : to agree, fix, settle, make arrangements. build, arrange.
conduco : hire, employ for wages, among many other constupator : ravisher, debaucher.
meanings. constupro : to ravish, corrupt.
confero : to bring together, put together, collect / consuasor : advisor, counselor.
confero : discuss, debate, confer / betake oneself, consuefacio : to accustom, acclimate, become used
devote. to.
confestim : immediately, without delay. consuesco : to accustom, inure, habituate
confido : have confidence in, be confident of, rely consueta : customary, usual.
upon. consuetudo : custom, usage, habit / intimacy, familiar
confiteor confessus : to confess, own up, admit, acquaintance.
acknowledge. consulatio : deliberation, inquiry, full consideration.
conforto : to strengthen much. consulo : to reflect, consider, ponder, reflect.
confugo : to flee, have recourse to, take refuge. consulo : (+ dat.) look to the interests of / consult, ask
congregatio : assembly, society, union. advice.
congrego : to gather together, assemble, convene. consulo : to look to the interests of, come to a
congruus : agreeing, fit, suitable. conclusion.
conicio : to hurl, throw / put together, conjecture. consulto : to ask the advice of, consult.
coniecto : to throw together, infer, guess, conclude. consulto : to consider carefully, weigh, ponder.
conitor : to press upon, to struggle to reach consultum : decree.
coniuratio : conspiracy, plot. consummatio : completion, summing up, adding up.
coniuratus : conspirator, plotter. consummo : to add together, sum up, make perfect,
coniuro : to take an oath together, plot, conspire. complete.
conor : to undertake, try, venture, presume, attempt. consumo : to spend, employ, use up, finish, waste
conqueror : to complain loudly. away, destroy.
conscendo : to ascend, mount, go up. consuo consui consutum : to sew together, stitch.
conscientia : conscience, consciousness, knowledge consurgo : to stand up, rise up / to arise, break out.
conscindo : to tear in pieces. contabesco : to waste slowly away, decline in health.
conscius : conscious of, aware of. contactus : touching, contact / contagion.
conservo : to preserve, conserve, maintain, keep, hold contages : a touch, contact.
to. contagio contagium : contagion, infection / touching,
considero : to look at, regard carefully, contact.
consido : to set down, settle. contamino : to pollute, infect.
consilio : intentionally, on purpose, designedly. contego : to cover, shield, protect, defend.
consilium : deliberation, consultation, assembly, contemno : to think meanly of, despise, condemn,
council. hate.
consilium : advice, suggestion, wisdom, plan, contemplatio : survey, contemplation.
purpose, judgment. contemplor : to mark out, regard, consider carefully,
survey. destroyed.
contemptim : contemptuously. Corturiacum : Courtrai.
contemptio : scorn, disdain, contempt. coruscus : (a) flashing, twinkling, shaking, trembling.
contemptus : despised, despicable, contemptible. cotidie : daily, every day.
contendo : to compare, contrast / compete. Courtacum : Courtrai.
contendo : to contend, strive, struggle, hasten. crapula : wine-drinking, intoxication, drunkenness.
contendo : to assert, maintain / shoot (a missile), cras : (adv.) tomorrow, on the morrow.
cast. crastinus : of the morrow, the morrow.
contente : eagerly, earnestly. creator : creator, founder.
contentus : contented, satisfied creatura : creature, servant.
contentus : strained, stretched / eager, zealous. creber : thick, frequent, numerous.
contigo : (with dat.), to happen, befall. crebro : repeatedly, often, one after the other, time
contineo : to touch, reach, grasp, affect, infect. after time.
contineo contigi, contectum : border on / befall credo : to believe / trust, commit / trust in, rely on /
(good luck). think.
contineo : to keep in, surround, contain, confine, creo : to create, make.
include. creptio : taking by force, seizure.
contineo : hold together, keep together, connect, join. crepusculum : dusk, twilight.
contineo: to hold back, restrain. cresco : (cretum) : to grow, increase, expand.
contingo : (contactum) to touch closely, happen to, creta : chalk, fuller's earth.
befall. cribro : to sift.
continuo : (adv.) immediately, at once. cribrum : sieve.
continuus : connected together, continuous, crinis : hair.
uninterrupted. crinitus : long haired.
contra : (+ acc.) against. cruciamentum : torture, torment.
contradictio : a speaking against, contradiction. crucio : to torture, torment.
contrado : to deliver together, or wholly. crudelis : cruel.
contraho : to draw together, collect, assemble, carry cruentus : to make bloody, stain with blood.
out. cruentus : bloody, bloodthirsty, blood-red.
contristo : to make sad or gloomy crur, cruris : leg, shank, shin, also foot.
contristo : to sadden, afflict, damage (of crops). crustulum : pastry, cookie.
conturbo : to confuse, scatter, throw into confusion, crux crucis : cross.
distress. cubicularis : pertaining to a bedroom
conventus : coming together, assembly, union, cubicularius : bed-chamber servant, chamberlain.
congress. cubiculum : bedroom, sleeping chamber.
conversatio : way, manner of life / monastic life. cubitum ire : to go to bed, retire
converto : to turn around, cause to turn / to adopt the cubitum : the elbow / a cubit.
monastic life. cubo : to lie down, recline.
convoco : to call together, convene. cui : (masc. sing. dat.) TO WHOM did you give it?
copia : abundance, supply. cui : (fem. sing. dat.) IN WHICH (province) did you
copiae copie : supplies, troops, forces. live?
copiose : fully, at length, copiously. cui : (neut. sing. dat.) (the monster), TO WHOM the
Corbeiam : Corbie. cattle belonged.
cornu : horn. cuius : (neut. sing. gen) (the building) the size OF
corona : crown, diadem. WHICH was great.
corpus corporis : body, corpse. cuius : (masc. sing. gen.) (the saint) WHOSE virtues
correptius : more shortly. were many.
corrigo : (correctum) : to make correct, make right. cuius : (fem. sing. gen.) (the queen), the vices OF
corripio : to seize, snatch up, steal, (of a disease) WHOM were many.
attack cuiusmodi : of what kind.
corroboro : to strengthen. culpa : fault, blame, (esp. against chastity).
corrumpo : to break up, destroy, annihilate / spoil, culpo : to blame, censure, accuse.
weaken. cultellus : a little knife.
corrumpo : (documents) to falsify / (character) to cultura : cultivation
corrupt. cum : (prep + abl.) with.
corruo : to fall to the ground, sink down / be ruined, cum : (with indicative) when.
cum : (with subjunctive) when, as, while, since, de : (prep. + abl.) down from, from, concerning,
although. about.
cunabula : cradle. debeo : to owe, to be morally bound to, to be bound
cunae : nest for young birds. by.
cunctatio : delay. debilito : to weaken, enervate, sap, exhaust.
cunctator : delayer, procrastinator, decens, decenter : properly, fittingly, suitably.
cunctor : to delay, impede, hold up. decerno : to decide, determine, settle.
cunctus : all, all collectively, the whole. decerto : to contend, fight to the finish.
cupiditas : ambition, avarice, party spirit, eager decet : it is seemly, comely, suitable, proper.
desire. decimus : tenth.
cupido : passion, desire, wanting, yearning, longing. decipio : (deceptus) ensnare, trap, beguile, deceive,
cupio : to desire, wish, long for, desire. cheat.
cuppedia : delicacies, candies, sweetmeats. decor : beauty, grace.
cupressus : cypress, cypress wood, a cypress-wood decoro : beautify, embellish, adorn.
casket. decorus : beautiful, graceful, charming, proper, fit,
cur : why, wherefore. becoming.
cura : management, administration, care, concern, decretum : decree, judgment, edict, order.
charge. decumbo : to fall, fall into, lie down.
curatio : attention / medical attention, healing, dedecor : unseemly, shameful, disgraceful,
curing. dishonorable.
curator : guardian, overseer dedecus : shame, dishonor, disgrace, crime,
curia : court dishonorable act.
curiositas : curiosity, inquisitiveness, nosiness. dedico : to dedicate.
curiosus : careful, attentive / curious, inquisitive / deduco : to lad out colonists, found a colony.
worn out by cares. defaeco : to cleanse, purify, purge.
curis quris : a spear. defendo : to defend, ward off, protect, shelter.
curo : to care for, trouble about, pay attention to. defero : to hand over, carry down, communicate,
curo : manage, administer / provide money. offer, refer.
curo : (+gerundive) to see to a thing being done / defessus : weary, tired.
cure, rest. defetiscor (defessus) : to grow tired, weary.,
curriculum : a running, race, lap around the track, deficio : (defectum) : to fail, to weaken, to be in
course. want.
currus : cart / a plow with wheels. defigo : fasten down, secure, fix firmly / concentrate,
cursim : hastily, quickly, rapidly. fix upon.
cursito : to run up and down. defleo : to weep for, bewail.
curso : to run back and forth. defleo : to bewail, weep for.
cursor : runner, carrier, messenger. defluo : to flow down, waste, disappear.
cursus : a race, a running, race course, race track, defluo : to flow away, disappear, be lost.
course. defungo : to discharge one's duties, quit, retire, die,
curto : to shorten, abbreviate. finish
Curtracus : Courtrai. degenero : to cause to degenerate, disgrace by
curtus : shortened / mutilated, defective / gelded. degeneracy.
curvo : to bend, arch, curve / influence. degenero : to be unlike one's kind, fall off,
curvus : arched, bent, bowed, curved, crooked, wrong degenerate.
(morally crooked). degero : to pass time, live.
custodia : protection, custody. degusto : to taste.
custodiae custodie : guards, wardens. deinde : next, then, thereafter, from that place.
custos : (custodis) : guardian, keeper, watchman, delectatio : delight, pleasure, enjoyment.
attendant, guard / spy. delecto : to attract, delight / (pass + abl) take delight
in.
delego : to transfer, commit, assign, impute, attribute,
D ascribe.
deleo : (deletum ) to destroy, wipe out, erase.
damnatio : condemnation. delibero : to consider, deliberate.
damno : to condemn, damn. delicate : luxuriously, delicately, slowly.
dapifer : seneschal. delicate : (adv.) luxuriously.
deliciae : allurements, charms, delights, fancies / give up.
sweetheart despiciens : contemptuous.
delinquo : to fail, be wanting / fail in duty, commit a despicio : to look down, regard from above, despise.
crime. desposco : to demand.
deludo : to mock, cheat. destinatus : resolute, firm, determined, with one's
demens : (dementis ) : insane, mad, out of one's mind made up.
mind, foolish. destituo : to set down, place / abandon, leave in the
demergo : to sink, plunge into, dip under, go into lurch.
debt. detego detectum : to uncover, lay bare, disclose.
demitto : set down, let fall (to offer payment to the determino : to fix the limits of, set boundaries to,
church), lower. delimit.
demo : to take away, subtract. detineo : hold off, hold back, detain.
demonstro : to indicate, show, describe, explain. detrimentum : damage, loss, detriment.
demoror : to loiter, linger, tarry, belay. deus : god.
demulceo : to stroke down, caress by stroking. devenio : to come to, arrive at, reach.
demum : at length at last, finally. devito : to avoid.
denego : to refuse, deny, reject. devoco : to call away, call down, call aside.
denique : at last, finally, again, in short. devotio : (Christian) piety, devotion, zeal.
dens : (dentis ) : tooth. devoveo : to consecrate, sacrifice, devote / curse,
denuncio : declare, give notice, announce. execrate.
denuntio : to announce officially, pronounce, dexter : right, on the right.
declare. dextera : the right hand.
denuo : anew, again, a second time, afresh. diabolus : devil, Satan.
deorsum : downwards. dico : (dictum ) to say, tell, speak, name, call,
depereo : to perish, be utterly ruined. pronounce.
depono : to put down, lay aside. dictata : things dictated, lessons, presents.
depopulo depopulor : to lay waste, ravage, dictator : dictator.
devastate. dictito : to say often, reiterate.
deporto : to carry off, to take away. dicto : to say often, dictate, get written down.
depraedor depredor : to plunder, lay waste, pillage, didicerat : (?) Herimann, p. 281.
ravage. didico : to be told (Herimann cap. 39, 44).
deprecator : intercessor, one who pleads on behalf. dido dididi didtum : to separate, divide, distribute.
deprecor : to entreat for, beg for / intercede / curse. dies diei : day
deprecor : to beg by entreaty, to excuse oneself / diffama -tus : spread around, made known.
curse. differo : to spread news / delay, defer, postpone.
deprehensio : detection. differo : to spread about, spread news / harrass,
deprimo (depressus) : to press down, depress, low- disturb.
lying. differo : to delay, postpone / to differ, be different.
depromo : to take down, produce, fetch out. differtus : stuffed full, crammed, jammed.
depulso : push aside, thrust away. difficilis : difficult, hard, troublesome.
deputo : to count, estimate / prune, cut off. difficultas : difficulty, need, trouble, distress.
derelinquo : to forsake, desert, abandon. digestor : arranger, composer, one who makes a
derideo : to laugh at, mock, deride. pattern.
deripio : to tear down, snatch away. dignitas : merit, worth, prestige, dignity.
desidero : to long for, wish for greatly, to miss. dignosco dignosco : to distinguish, recognize as
desidiosus : lazy, unmotivated. different.
desino (desiit) : to leave off, give over, cease, stop, dignus : (+ abl.) worthy, worthy of, meritorious.
desist. digredior digredi digressus : to depart, deviate,
desino : cease, stop, end, desist. digress.
desipio : to act foolishly, play the fool, make an ass of digressio : separation, departure, digression.
one's self. digressus : separation, departure, digression.
desolo : to leave desolate, abandoned, to forsake. dilabor : to break up, scatter, dissolve, slip away, fall
desparatus : given up on / desperate apart.
despecto : overlook, despise, look down upon. dilato : to spread out, extend, expand, increase.
despero : to have no hope, despair, give up. dilgenter : attentively, earnestly, carefully, diligently.
despero : to be without hope, despair / despair of, diligens : diligent, careful.
diligentia : diligence, industry, perseverance, dolor : pain, grief. misery, pain, suffering.
persistence. dolose : slyly, deceitfully.
diligo : to choose out, esteem highly, prize, love. dolosus : crafty, cunning, sly, deceitful.
diluculo : dawn, daybreak. dolus : fraud, deceit, guile, treachery, a trap.
diluo : (of troubles) to remove, resolve. domesticus : domestic, civil.
dimidium : half. domina domina : lady, mistress.
dimitto : to break up, dismiss, leave, abandon. dominatus : rule, mastery, tyranny, domination.
directus : plain, simple, direct, open, straightforward. dominus domino : master, lord.
diripio : to tear in pieces, lay waste, devastate, domito : to tame, subdue, break in.
plunder. domus : house, home, residence.
diripio : to separate, tear apart / pillage, devastate, donec : up to the time when, until, as long as, while.
lay waste. donum : gift, present, donation.
dirunitas : long duration. dormio : to sleep, slumber, siesta, nap.
diruo : to demolish, destroy, ruin. dubito : to doubt, hesitate.
discedo : (discessum ) : to break up, depart, go away, dubium : doubt, hesitation, reservation.
pass away. duco : to lead on the march, marry a wife, command.
discidium : separation, division, disagreement, duco : to lead, draw, esteem, consider.
tearing apart. duco : to draw, shape, construct / (time) spend, delay.
discipulus : disciple, student, learner, pupil. duco : to charm, influence, mislead, draw in.
disco : to learn, become acquainted with. duco : to calculate, count, reckon, esteem,
discrepo : to differ, to be different, vary, disagree. considered.
dispono : to arrange, put in order, draw up (troops). dudum : for a long while, a long while ago, some
disputatio : debate, dispute, discussion. time age.
disputo : discuss. dulcedo : sweetness, pleasantness, charm.
dissero : to examine, treat of, discuss. dulcidine : sweetly, pleasantly, charmingly.
dissimilis : unlike, different, disparate, dissimilar, dulcis : sweet, pleasant, agreeable.
distinct. dulcitudo dulcitudinis : dum : while, as long as,
dissimulo : to ignore, leave unnoticed. until.
dissimulo : to conceal, disguise, keep secret. dummodo : (conj. + subj.) provided
dissolutus : lax, weak, wanting in energy, dissolute, dumtaxat : at least, not less than / at most, not more
profligate. than.
distinguo : to mark off, distinguish, divide / separate. duo : two
distribuo : to distribute, divide. duro: to harden, last, endure.
districtus (fr. distringo) : strict, severe / hesitating / durus : hard, harsh, tough, strong,enduring, / rough,
busy. rude, uncouth.
distulo :(past) to delay [MGHss 25 : 268]. Dusiol petram : Duissenpierre.
dito : to enrich, make wealthy. dux ducis : leader, guide, commander, general, duke.
diu : by day, for a long time, a long time ago.
diu : adv. a long while, long time, for a long time.
diutinus : lasting a long time, enduring, long-lived. E
diutius : longer, too long (a period of time).
diuturnus : lasting a long time, of long duration. eatenus : so far, thus far, up to then.
diversus : different, unlike, opposed, hostile. ebullio : to boil up, bubble up, to appear, produce in
dives : rich, opulent, wealthy. abundance.
divinitus : divine influence, admirably, nobly, by ecclesia : church.
inspiration. econtra : the same as contra: against, opposite, etc.
divinus : divine, sacred. ecquando : at any time? ever?
divitiae divitie : riches, wealth. edico : to announce, declare.
do dare dedi datum : to give, offer, convey, offer, editio : the publishing of a book, an announcement.
donate, furnish. edo : put forth, give out.
doceo docui doctum : to instruct, teach, tutor. edo edi essum : to eat, consume, devour, waste.
doctor : teacher. edoceo : to inform fully, instruct thoroughly.
doctrina : doctrine, teaching, instruction, learning. educo : to draw out, lead out, march out / bring up,
doctus : taught, instructed, learned, tutored. rear / sue.
dolens : painfully. effectus : doing, execution, performance, effect,
doleo : to suffer pain, to be pained, grieve. result.
effero extuli elatum : to carry out, bury, lift up, exalt. erga : (+ acc.) toward, about.
effervo : to boil up. ergo : (gen. +) on account of, because of.
efficio : to do, produce, effect, make / bring about, ergo : (adv.) accordingly, then, therefore.
cause / prove. eripio : (eripui ereptum ) : to snatch away, take
effringo effrego : break, break open. away, rescue.
effugio : (effugi effugiturus ) : flee from, escape, erogo : to pay out.
elude, run away. erogo : to pay out, expend, disburse.
effundo : to pour out, pour forth, shed, utter. erro : to wander, stray, rove / be mistaken, err, go
egenus : in want of, in need of, destitute. astray.
egeo : to need, lack, want, be without. error : error, mistake, going astray.
ego : I ; I can't live without you, baby. erubesco : to blush, grow red, be ashamed.
egredior : (egressus ) : to go out, leave, depart, exit. erubesco : (+ inf.) to blush to, (+acc.) blush for,
eicio eiectum : to throw out, eject, drive out. respect.
elatus : puff-up, proud of oneself, arrogant. erudio : to instruct, teach, educate.
electus : chosen, select. eruo : to dig up, pull out / raze, demolish.
elementum : first principle, element, basic esurio : to be hungry, to hunger.
constituent. et ... et : both ... and.
elemosina : alms etenim : for indeed.
elemosinarius : almoner, person in charge of etiam : (adv.) even, also.
providing charity. etsi : (acsi) even if, although.
eligo : to pick out, select, choose. evenio : to come to pass, happen, befall.
eloquens : eloquent, persuasive, fluent. eventus : consequence, issue, result, occurrence,
eloquentia : eloquence, readiness of speech, fluency, experience.
persuasiveness. everto : to turn out, eject, dislodge, overturn /
eluo : to wash out, rinse cleanse / squander, waste. destroy, ruin.
eluvies : a flowing over, flood, innundation. evito : to shun, avoid; also, to kill.
eluvio : inundation. evoco : to draw out, draw on, produce, recall to the
emanio : to flow out, spread / arise, emanate, colors.
originate. ex : (= e ) : (prep. + abl.) out of, from within, from /
emendo : to amend, correct on account of.
emercor : to buy up. exaequo exequo : to be like, equal / make level or
emerio : to obtain by service, earn completely, even, relate.
deserve well. excedo : (trans.) to exceed, leave, pass beyond.
emineo : to stand out, project, be remarkable, excellentia : excellence, merit, worth.
conspicuous. excessum : departure, death, digression.
eminor : to threaten, menace. excipio : (excepi exceptum ) : to take out, except /
eminus : at a distance, from a distance. take, capture.
emiror : to wonder at exceedingly. excito : call forth, bring about, wake, raise up.
emo emi emptum : to buy, purchase. exclamo : to shout, cry aloud, exclaim, call someone
emoveo : to move away, remove, take away. by name.
emptio : a buying, a purchase. excludo : to shut out, exclude.
enim : for, in fact, truly (may often be omitted) excolo : to honor (a deity), polish, adorn, refine,
enumero : to count, count up, enumerate. serve.
eo ire itum : to go, advance, proceed, travel, move excrucio : to torment, torture, cause great pain.
along, progress. excusatio : excuse.
episcopalis : episcopal excuso : to exempt from blame, excuse, make excuses,
episcopus : bishop plead.
epistula : letter, epistle, missive, message. exemplar : model, pattern, original, prototype, book
epulo : sumptuous food, banquet, feast. to copy.
epulor : to feast, feast on. exemplum : pattern, model, example .
eques equitis : horseman, cavalry man rider exerceo : to train, cultivate, keep at work, exercise,
(classical). practice.
equidem : (adv) indeed, truly, for my part. exercitus : army.
equitatus : cavalry, horsemen (classical). exertus : tested, tried, approved, experienced.
equus : horse, steed, mount. exesto : extra esto.
erepo : to creep out, creep over, creep up. exheredo : to disinherit.
exheres : disinherited. exsequor exequor : to follow to the grave, follow to
exhibeo exibeo : to produce, show, display, offer, the end.
allow, cause. exsequor : to maintain, keep up, carry out, fulfill,
exhibeo : to show, present, allow, display, present, accomplish.
offer. exsequor : to execute, avenge, punish / relate,
exhilaro : to make cheerful. describe, explain.
exhorresco : to be horrified, to shake, shudder / exsertus exertus : project, thrust forward.
dread, tremble at. exsilium : exile, banishment.
exigo : drive out, force out, exact, demand, sell. exspecto : to look for, expect, await, wait for.
exigo : complete, finish, determine, decide, settle. exstinguo, exstingui, exstinctum : to extinguish, put
exilis : thin, slender, meager. out.
eximietate : uncommonness, excellence. exsto : to stand out, be extant, appear, project, show
eximius : extraordinary, excellent, fine, superb. itself.
eximo : to free, release, take out, remove, waste. externus : outer, foreign, outside, external.
exinde : thence, next / thereupon, after that, then / extollo : to praise exaggerate / decorate, adorn.
accordingly. extollo : to lift up, raise up, erect / elevate, exalt.
exitiabilis exitialis exitosus : fatal deadly, extorqueo : to twist, wrench, dislocate / extort by
destructive, lethal. force.
exitium : destruction, ruin. extra : (prep. + acc.) beyond, outside.
exitus : going out, going forth, exit, end, finish. extremus : outermost, last, extreme.
exordium : the beginning (especially of a speech). exturbo : to drive away, thrust out.
exorior : to rise, spring up, issue, appear, come exulto : to exult, be joyful.
forward. exuro, exussum : burn down, burn, set on fire.
exoro : to prevail upon a person, entreat successfully. exustio : burning up, conflagration.
exorsus : begun.
expedio : to release, set free, clear, set straight.
expedio : to free from a snare, disentangle, set free, F
ready.
expello (expuli expulsum ) : to drive out, expel, force fabula : fable, story, tale, play.
out, banish. facile : easily.
experior (experiri, expertus ) : to try, test, facilis : easy, agreeable, affable, pleasant.
experience, prove. facillimus : easiest, most agreeable, pleasantest
expers : wanting, destitute of, not sharing in. facina -oris : bad deed, crime, villainy / deed, action.
expetens : desirous, eager. facio : to sacrifice, suit, help, be of service.
expeto : to fall upon. facio : to give permission / to experience, suffer
expeto : to demand, require / desire, strive after, (troubles).
make for. facio : (trans.) to make, do, act, perform, cause, bring
expilatio : plundering, taking booty. about.
expiscor : to fish out, find out, discover. factum : deed, accomplishment, work, act,
expleo : to make losses good / fulfil, discharge achievement.
(duties). facultas : power, means, opportunity, capacity,
expleo explevi expletum : to fill, fill up, complete, ability, stock.
finish. facundia : facultas : feasibility, opportunity,
expletio : satisfying. resources, abundance.
expletus : (part.) perfect, complete. facunditas : fertility, quickness or readiness of
explicatus: explanation, exposition. speech.
explico : to unfold, unroll, disentangle / explain, faenum fenum : hay.
expound. falsus : false, deceptive.
expono (exposui expositum ) : to set forth, explain, fama : talk, report, rumor, tradition.
expose. familia : family, household.
expositus : open, accessible, exposed. familiaris : belonging to a household / friendly,
expostulo : to demand earnestly / to make a claim. intimate.
expugno : to capture, overcome, subdue, take by famulatus : servitude, slavery, service.
storm, gain. famulus : servant.
exquisitus : sought after, exquisite, excellent, fine, fas est : it is right, it is fitting, it is lawful.
delicate. fas : divine law or command / fate, destiny / lawful,
allowed. fore, forem : future infinitive of sum.
fateor : to confess, admit, allow, reveal, make known. forensis, e : legal.
fatigo : worry, fatigue, vex, harass, tease. forma: form, shape, beauty.
fatum : fate, destiny, doom, lot, weird. formica : ant.
fautor : favorer, promoter, patron, partisan, formo : to shape, form, fashion.
supporter. fors fortis : chance, luck, fortune.
faveo : (+ inf.) To be inclined to do. forsit forsan forsitan : perhaps, probably.
faveo : (+ dat.) be favorable to, aid, support, help. fortasse : perhaps.
fawning like that of a dog, cringing flattery. forte : by chance, by luck, accidentally.
feculentia : dregs, lees, impurities, filth. fortis : strong, brave.
fefello : to be failed by, disappointed by something. fortiter : strongly, bravely.
Herimann, p. 278. fortitudo : physical strength, courage, moral bravery.
feliciter : happily. fortuna : fortune, luck, fate, chance.
felix felicis : lucky, fortunate, happy. fortunate : fortunately.
femina : woman fortunatus : fortunate, lucky, happy.
fenestra : window. forum : market place, town square.
fere : almost, nearly, not quite, generally. foveo fovi fotum : to cherish.
feretrum : bier, litter. frango (fracta) : to break in pieces, shatter.
feritas : wildness, savageness. frater : brother.
ferme, fere : almost, about. frendo : to gnash one's teeth, bruise, crush, grind.
fero tuli latum : to carry, bring, tell, relate, and frendo : gnash the teeth, crush, bruise, grind.
much else. frequentatio : frequency, crowding.
ferrum : iron, sword. frequentia : a large concourse, population, numerous
ferus : fierce, wild, savage, untamed. assembly.
festinatio : speed, haste. frequento : to crowd, collect in large number, visit.
festino : to hasten, hurry, speed. frigus : cold, coolness, cold of winter / dullness,
festinus : hastening, hasty. indolence.
feteo : to have a bad odor, stink. frons : forehead, brow, front.
ficus : fig tree. fructuarius : fruitful, fertile.
fidelis : faithful, loyal, true fructus fructus : fruit, profit, enjoyment, produce.
fidelitas : fidelity, loyalty, homage. frugalitas : frugality, economy, pinching pennies.
fidens : confident, without fear, courageous. frumentum : grain.
fides : trust, confidence, reliance, belief, faith. fruor : to have the benefit of, to enjoy.
fides : promise, assurance, word of honor, frustra esse : to be deceived, to be mistaken.
engagement. frustra : in vain, mistakenly, wantonly, without
fiducia : confidence, trust, assurance. reason.
filia : daughter frux, frugi : fruits of the earth.
filius : son fuga : flight, escape,
fimus : dung, dirt, filth, manure. fugio : to flee, escape, run away / avoid, shun.
fines finium : boundaries, limits, / territory. fugitivus : fugitive : deserter, runaway slave.
finis : end, limit, boundary, purpose. fugo : to put to flight, chase away, drive into exile,
finitimus finitumus : neighboring, adjacent, related pursue.
to, similar. fulcio : to support, strengthen, uphold / to besiege,
fio, fieri, factus : be made, be done, become. oppress.
firmo : to assert, maintain / strengthen, make firm / fulgeo (fulsi ): to flash, shine, beam.
encourage. fultus : supporter.
firmus : firm, strong, reliable, solid. fundo : to pour, pour out (like molten metal), melt,
flamma : flame, fire. cast.
flatus : blowing, blast, breathing, arrogance, fundo : (milit.) to rout, scatter, defeat, put to flight.
haughtiness. fungor, fungi, functus : to occupy oneself, perform,
flax, falcis : sickle, bill-hook, pruning hook. do, execute.
fleo : to weep, cry, shed tears, sob. funis -is : rope, cord, line.
fluctus : billow, wave. furibundus : raging, furious / inspired.
flumen : river. furor : madness, rage, frenzy.
fluo : to flow, pour, stream. furs : thief.
fodio : to prick, sting, jab. furtificus : thievish.
furtim : by stealth, stealthily. fine.
furtum : theft, robbery / furta : stolen property / haec hec : (fem. sing. nom.) THIS (sword) is more
trick, deceit. expensive.
fusus : (from fundo) : spread out, extended, wide, haec hec : (neut. pl. nom.) THESE (kisses) are
copious. sweeter than wine.
haec hec : (neut. pl. acc.) Deborah always won
THESE (wars).
G hanc : (fem. sing. acc.) She wasted THIS (her youth).
harum : (fem. pl. gen.) The city wall had four OF
galea : helmet. THESE (gates).
Gandavum : Ghent. has : (fem. pl. acc.) They gave THESE (their lives) for
gaudium : joy, delight, happiness. the Faith.
Gemblacensis : Gembloux. Hasnonium : Hasnon.
gemo : to sigh, groan, wail. haud : no, not at all, by no means.
gens : clan, race, nation, people, tribe. Helcim : Helchin on the left bank of the Scheldt.
genus : kind, sort, class, category. Helnonensis : Elnon. Herimann, p. 279.
gero : to carry, bear, wear / bear, give birth to / to Heniis Harniis : Hames.
carry about. hereditas : inheritance, often simply "property."
gesto : to carry, bear about. hesito (haesito) : to be unsure, uncertain, wavering.
gestum (gero) : carrying about, conduct (oneself). hi : (masc. pl. nom.) THESE (men) are loyal to the
gestum (gero) : carriage, bearing / having borne. king.
gigno (genuit) : to bring forth, bear, beget, father. hic : (adv.) here.
glacialis : icy, frozen, full of ice. hic haec (hec ) hoc : this, the latter / he, she, it.
gladius : sword. hic : (masc. nom. sing.) THIS (house) is filthy.
gloria : fame, renown, glory. hilaris : cheerful, merry, gay.
glorior : to glory, boast, pride oneself. hinc : from this place, hence.
grando, onis : hailstorm. his : (masc. pl. abl.) They passed BY THESE (roads).
grassor : go about, go ahead, proceed, attack. his : (masc. pl. dat.) Tell it TO THESE (policemen).
gratia agere : (+ dat.) to thank. his : (fem. pl. dat.) She gave her property TO THESE
gratia : gratitude, favor. (churches).
gratia : in order to, for the sake of, to. his : (fem. pl. abl) A life is enriched BY THESE
gratia : (in the abl.) on account of. (friendships).
gratulor : to wish a person joy, congratulate his : (neut. pl. dat.) Listen TO THESE (orders).
(+dat.),give thanks his : (neut. pl. abl.) She earned it BY THESE (her
gratus : pleasing, agreeable / grateful. deeds).
gravatus : sick, oppressed, ill. hoc : (masc. sing. abl.) He gave plenty FOR THIS
gravis : heavy, weighty, serious, important / severe, (field).
grievous. hoc : (neut. sing. nom.) THIS (monastery) is well-
gravitas : weight, seriousness, dignity, importance. built.
graviter : heavily, seriously. hoc : (neut. sing. abl.) Do not hesitate BECAUSE OF
gravo : to oppress, burden, make suffer. THIS! (doubt)
gregatim : in troops, or crowds. hoc : (neut. sing. acc.) Break THIS! (fetter)
gregatim : adv., In flocks, herds, troops, crowds. hodie : today.
gusto : to taste. hodiernus : of today.
Hoienses : Huy, Belgium, between Liege and Namur.
homo hominis : human being, man.
H honor : honor, esteem, public office.
honorabilis : respectful.
habeo habui habitum : to have, hold, possess / hora : hour, time.
consider, regard. hordeum, ordeum : barley.
habitus : disposed, in a certain condition. horrendus : horrible, dreadful.
hac : this side, this way, here. hortor : exhort, incite, encourage.
hac : (fem. sing. abl.) He who lives BY THIS (the hortus ortus : garden / pl. grounds, park.
sword), ... horum : (masc. pl. gen.) The horses OF THESE
hactenus : hitherto, up to this point, so far. (soldiers) are spent.
hae he : (fem. pl. nom) THESE (speeches) were very horum : (neut. pl. gen) The cattle OF THESE
(monsters) were fat. illa : (fem. sing. nom.) THAT (sword) is more
hos : (masc. pl. acc.) They burned THESE (houses) to expensive.
the ground. illa : (neut. pl. acc.) Deborah always won THESE
hospes : guest, host, stranger. (wars).
hostes hostium : the enemy. illa : (fem. sing. abl.) He who lives BY THAT (the
hostis : an enemy of the state. sword), ...
huic : (neut sing. dat.) I'd give my right arm FOR illa : (neut. pl. nom.) THOSE (arms) belong to the
THIS (cooky). victor.
huic : (masc. sing. dat.) He sent FOR THIS (doctor). illacrimo : (+ dat.) to weep over.
huic : (fem sing. dat.) There is a statue IN THIS illae ille : (fem. pl. nom.) THOSE (women) must die!
(abbey). illarum : (fem. pl. gen.) The city wall had four OF
huius : (masc. fem. neut. gen. sing.) Go ahead, eat THOSE (gates).
some OF THIS. illas : (fem. pl. acc.) They gave THOSE (their lives)
huius : (neut. sing. gen.) She paid half OF THIS (the for the Faith.
cost). illata : from infero : to cause, occasion, etc.
huius : (fem. sing. gen.) They are fond OF THIS illaturos : from infero "they would cause."
(change). ille illa illud : that, the former, the famous / he, she,
humanitas : kindness, culture, refinement. it.
humanus : pertaining to man, humane, humane, ille : (masc. nom. sing.) THAT (house) is filthy.
cultured, refined. illi : (fem sing. dat.) There is a statue IN THAT
humilis : lowly, humble. (abbey).
humo : cover with earth, bury, illi : (masc. sing. dat.) He sent FOR THAT (doctor).
humus : ground, earth, soil / land, country. illi : (masc. pl. nom.) THOSE (men) are loyal to the
hunc : (masc. sing. acc.) He ate THIS (fruit). king.
Hunnam : Bunna. illi : (neut sing. dat.) i'd give my right arm FOR
hypocrita : hypocrite. THOSE (cookies).
illiam : (fem. sing. acc.) She wasted THAT (her
youth).
I illic : there, at that place, therein, in that matter.
illis : (masc. pl. dat.) Tell it TO THOSE (Marines).
iaceo : to lie, lie prostrate, lie dead. illis : (fem. pl. dat.) She gave her property TO THOSE
iacio : to throw, cast, hurl, lay, scatter, diffuse. (churches).
iaculator : : a thrower, javelin man, spear thrower. illis : (neut. pl. abl.) She earned it BY THESE (her
iaculum : dart, javelin, short spear. deeds).
iam : now, by now, already / presently, immediately, illis : (fem. pl. abl) A life is enriched BY THESE
soon. (friendships).
iam : moreover, henceforth, indeed, just, further. illis : (masc. pl. abl.) They passed BY THOSE (roads).
ianua : door. illis : (neut. pl. dat.) Listen TO THESE (orders).
ibi : there illius : (fem. sing. gen.) They are fond OF THAT
ictus : blow, bite, stroke, bolt, thrust. (change).
idcirco : on that account, for that reason, for that illius : (neut. sing. gen.) She paid half OF THAT (the
purpose. cost).
idem eadem idem : the same. illius : (masc. fem. neut. gen. sing.) Go ahead, eat
identidem : again and again, repeatedly. some OF THAT.
ideo : for that reason, on that account, therefore. illo : (neut. sing. abl.) Do not hesitate BECAUSE OF
idoneus : proper, worthy, fitting, deserving, capable. THAT! (doubt)
igitur : therefore, consequently, for this reason. illo : (masc. sing. abl.) He gave plenty FOR THAT
ignarus : ignorant, not knowing. (field).
ignavus : lazy, listless, inert, sluggish cowardly, a illorum : (masc. pl. gen.) The horses OF THOSE
coward. (soldiers) are spent.
ignis : fire. illorum : (neut. pl. gen) The cattle OF THESE
ignoro : to be ignorant of, not know / rarely: (monsters) were fat.
neglect, overlook. illos : (masc. pl. acc.) They burned THOSE (houses)
ignosco: (+ dat.) to overlook, forgive, pardon. to the ground.
ignotus : unknown, obscure, ignorant, ignoble. illuc : thither, to that place, to that matter, to that
ilico : on the spot, immediately. person.
illud : (neut. sing. nom.) THAT (monastery) is well- circumstances.
built. imprimis : especially, particularly, specifically.
illud : (neut. sing. acc.) Break THOSE (fetters)! improbus : inferior, bad, wicked, persistent,
illudo illusi illusum : to mock, make fun of, ridicule perverse, bold.
illum : (masc. sing. acc.) He ate THAT (fruit). improvidus : improvident, negligent, thoughtless,
imago : image, likeness. feckless.
imber ymber : rain shower, rain storm, pelting rain. improviso : unexpected
imbrium : of rain. ex improviso : suddenly.
imcomposite : adv from incompositus : impudens : impudent, shameless, insolent,
incompositione in Herimann. presumptuous.
imitabilis : that can be imitated, impudenter : impudently, insolently, presumptuously.
imitor : to imitate. impunitus : unpunished, unrestrained, safe.
immanitas : savagery, frightfulness. imputo : to lay to a charge, enter in an account,
immerito : adv. undeservingly, without merit, impute to.
unjustifiably. in praesentia : for the present.
immineo : to hang over, be imminent, threaten. in : (+ acc.) into, toward, against.
immo : by all means, by no means, on the contrary. in : (+ abl.) in.
immodicus : immoderate, excessive, beyond measure. inanis : empty, vain, inane.
immortalis : immortal. incassum : in vain.
immotus : unmoved. inceptor : beginner.
immunda : unclean, impure, dirty, foul. inceptum : beginning, attempt, enterprise.
immundus : foul, impure. incertus : uncertain, doubtful, unsure, hesitant.
impedimentum : hindrance, impediment, obstacle, incido in mentionem : to happen to mention.
difficulty. incido : to fall in or on, fall in with / happen, occur.
impedio : entangle, ensnare, obstruct, surround, incipio : to take in hand, begin, commence.
hinder, prevent. incito : to excite, spur, inspire, increase / hasten, urge
impedito : a hinderance. on.
impedo : to entangle, ensnare, hinder, prevent, inclino : to bend, incline, turn, change / fall back,
obstruct. waver.
impello : to drive against, strike upon. includo : to shut in, enclose, establish a siege,
impello impuli impulsum : to set in mortion, impel, surround.
urge on. inclutus / inclitus : celebrated, famous, renowned.
impendeo : to hang over, threaten, menace, be incola, ae : resident, inhabitant of a place.
imminent. incompositus : disorder, lack of regularity.
impendium : expenditures, outlay, interest on a loan. inconsulte : indiscreetly.
impendo : to lay out, expand, weigh out. incontinencia : lack of restrain, incontinence.
impenetrabiilis : impenetrable. incorruptus : uncorrupted, genuine, pure.
impensa : expense, outlay. incredibilis : incredible, unbelievable.
imperator : commander in chief, general, emperor. increpare : to rebuke, chide, scold.
imperceptus : unperceived / unknown, increpo : (of persons) to chide, rebuke.
imperiosus : imperious, domineering, powerful. incubo : to hang over, dwell in, lie heavily upon.
imperium : power to command, authority, command, incurro : to run into, assail, attack, raid into, come
rule, control. upon.
impero : to give orders, command / to rule, hold Inda : Cornelism / Anster.
sway. indagatio : investigation.
impetro : to get, accomplish, effect, obtain (by inde : thence, from there, for that reason, thereafter,
asking). then.
impetus : attack, onset, rapid motion / impulse, indebitus : not owed, not due.
passion, force. indico : to proclaim, make publicly known, announce,
impleo : to fill in (or up), satisfy, content, fulfil, disclose.
perform. indigeo : to require, need, stand in need of.
importo : to bring in, introduce, import / bring upon, indignatio : indignation.
cause. indignus : unworthy, lacking in merit, unfit.
importunus : unsuitable, unfavorable, troublesome / indo (past indidi) : to establish, cause, occasion.
inconsiderate. indomitus : untamed, wild.
impraesentiarum : for the present, in present induco : cover, put on clothing, erase writing, revoke,
annul. ill.
induco : bring in, introduce, induce, persuade / infit : he, she, or it begins, begins to speak.
decide. infitialis : negative, containing a no, rejection.
induco indux inductum : to lead in, introduce, infitias ire : to deny.
induce, influence. infitior : to deny / deny a debt, refuse to return
industria : industry, diligence. something.
industrius : industrious, diligent, assiduous, hard- inflammatio : setting afire / (people) inflaming /
working. (souls) inspiring.
indutiae : truce, armistice, suspension of hostilities. inflammo : to set on fire, inflame, to torch, kindle.
inedicabilis : unexplainable, inexplicable. inflatio : inflation, flatulence.
ineptio : to play the fool, to trifle. inflatius : too pompous / on a grander scale.
inexpugnabilis : impregnable, unconquerable, not to inflatus : pompous, swollen, puffed up, inflated.
be taken by force. inflatus : blowing into, blast, inspiration.
infamo : to put to shame, disgrace. inflecto : to warp / change, sway, affect.
infantia : infancy, babyhood. inflecto inflexi inflectum : to bend, bow, curve.
infector : dyer. infletus : unwept, unmourned, unlamented.
infectum reddere : to revoke, render impossible, inflexio : a bendings, swaying.
make void, annul. inflexus : bending, curving.
infectus : unworked / not done, unfinished, infligo inflixi inflictum : to strike, hit, knock / cause
incomplete. damage.
infecunditas : barrenness, sterility. inflo : to blow into / to inspire, puff up, elate.
infecundus : barren, sterile. influo influi influxum : to flow in / to rush in, steal
infelicitas : bad luck, misfortune, in.
infeliciter : unhappily. infodio infodi infossum : to dig in, bury.
infelix : arbor infelix : the gallows. informatio : concept, idea.
infelix : unfruitful, barren, unproductive, infertile. informis : formless, shapeless / deformed, hideous.
infenso : to attack, avenge. infortunatus : unfortunate, unhappy, unlucky.
infensus : hostile, aggressive / (arms) aimed, ready / infortunium : misfortune, bad luck / punishment.
(spirit) dangerous. infra inferius infimus : low down.
inferi : those down below, the dead. infra : (adv.) below, underneath / to the south, in the
inferne : on the lower side, below. underworld.
infero : To carry in, put or place on. infra : (+ acc.) below, under / (time) later than
infero : (in logic) to infer, conclude. infula : insignia of office.
infero : (abstract things) : bring on, occasion, cause. ingemuo = dat. : to groan, sigh over.
inferus : below, under, southern. ingenium : innate character, talent, nature.
infervesco : to come to a boil, become hot. ingens : of immoderate size, vast, huge, monstrous,
infeste : in a hostile manner, belligerently. remarkable.
infesto : to attack, disquiet. ingero : to go off to, betake oneself to, pour forth,
infestus : aggressive, hostile, dangerous. inflict.
inficio infeci infectum : to poison, taint, corrupt. ingratus : ungrateful, unpleasant, disagreeable.
inficio infeci infectum : to tinge, dye, stain, imbue. ingravesco : to become heavy, become a burden.
infidelis : unfaithful, disloyal, untrue. inicio inieci iniectum : to throw on, put on, don /
infidelitas : faithlessness, disloyalty. inspire.
infideliter : faithlessly, disloyally. inimicus : personal enemy, foe, opponent.
infidus : untrue, disloyal. iniquus : unequal, unjust, unfair.
infigo : to fix, fasten / to imprint, impress. initium : beginning, start, commencement, origin.
infindo infidi infissum : to cut into. iniuria : injury, damage, hurt / injustice, wrong.
infinitas infinitio : eternity, infinity, endlessness. iniustus : unjust, inequitable, unfair.
infinitus : unlimited, infinite, without bounds, innotesco, innotui : to become known.
boundless, limitless. innotesco : to become know, noted.
infirmatio : weakening / refusing / invalidating. innuo : to give a nod to, give a sign to.
infirme : weakly, faintly. inolesco : to grow in or on.
infirmitas : weakness, feebleness / instability, inops : poor, helpless, in need
fickleness. inquam : I say.
infirmo : to weaken / shake / invalidate, annull inquis : you say.
infirmus : not strong, weak, feeble / (sometimes) sick, inquit : he, she, it says.
inrideo : to laugh at, mock, ridicule. interrogatio : interrogation, inquiry.
inritus irritus : void, invalid, in vain, useless, intro : to walk into, enter, make one's way into.
ineffectual. introduco : to lead in, introduce.
inruo irruo : to rush in, fling in. intueor : to look at attentively, gaze at, consider.
insania : insanity, irrationality, madness, folly. intumesco : to swell up, increase, swell with anger.
insciens : unknowing, unaware, ignorant. intumesco : to sell, sell up, sell with anger.
inscribo : inscribe, entitle, enlist. intus : within.
insensatus : irrational. inultus : unavenged, unpunished.
insequor : to follow, pursue, assail, reproach, rebuke, invado : to undertake, go in, enter, get in.
attack. invado : to assail, usurp, seize, attack, fall upon.
inservio : to be a slave, serve, be devoted to. invalesco : to gather strength, become stronger.
insideo : sit upon something, be firmly placed. invenio : to come upon, find, discover.
insidiae : (pl.) treachery, ambush, plot, conspiracy. inventor : inventor, discoverer.
insinuo : to insinuate, work one's way in, intimate. investigo : to track down, investigate.
insisto : to enter upon [a journey] tread; (with d.) inveteratus : hardened by age, of long-standing.
follow. invetero : to give duration, to render old
insolita : unaccustomed, unusual. invicem : one after the other, by turns, mutually, each
insolitus : unaccustomed / unusual, strange, other.
uncommon. invictus : unconquer, unconquerable, undefeated.
insons insontis : guiltless, innocent. invideo : to envy, be jealous of, look upon with envy.
insperatus : unexpected, unlooked for, unanticipated. invidia : envy, jealousy, hatred.
instanter : urgently. inviso : to go to see, visit, inspect, look at.
instar : a form, figure, after the fashion of, like. invisus : hated, hateful.
instigo : to goad, incite, stimulate, urge. invito : to invite, summon.
instituo : to establish, found, institute. invitus : unwilling, against one's will.
insto : to pursue eagerly, devote oneself to. ioco iocor : to joke, jest, make merry.
instructus (from instruo) : equipped, trained, iocus : joke, jest, jape, gag.
supplied. ipse ipsa ipsum : himself, herself, itself.
instructus : trained, taught. ipsemet : his own very self.
instruo : to built in, set up, construct, furnish / train. ira : anger, wrath.
instruo : prepare, provide / draw up an order of irascor iratus : to be angry, to be wrathful.
battle. iratus : angry, wrathful.
Insula : Lille. irrito : to irritate, exasperate, excite.
Insula : island. irritum : nothingness, worthlessness, vanity.
insurgo insurgi insurrectum : to rise up, rebel, irritus : vain, useless, ineffectual, of not effect.
revolt. irritus : undecided, void, unfixed, of no effect.
integer : whole, untouched, unhurt, undamaged / is ea id : this, that / he, she, it.
complete, entire. iste ista istud : that / sometimes pejorative.
intellego intellexi intellectum : to understand, ita ut : (with subj.) in such a way that,
comprehend, see. ita : so, thus.
intempestivus: unseasonable, untimely, immoderate. ita : (in narration) and so; (with adj. or adv.) so, so
intendo : to stretch, strain, try to prove. very.
intendo : to extend, aim, direct, direct one's course, itaque : (adv.) and, so, therefore.
aim at. iter itineris : road, route, journey.
intentio : effort, exertion, attention, intent / attack, itero : to repeat, say again, iterate.
accusation. iterum : again, a second time, once more.
intentus : thorough, tense, anxious, strict. iubeo iussi iussum : to order, command.
inter : (+ acc.) between, among. iucunditas : pleasure, charm.
intercipio intercepi interceptum : to intercept iucundus : agreeable, pleasant, gratifying.
interdico : to forbid, prohibit, outlaw, gain an iudex : judge, juror.
injunction. iudicium : judgment, decision, opinion, trial
interdico : to forbid, prohibit, interdict. iudico : to judge, consider
interdum : sometimes, now and then, at times. iugis, e : perpetual, continuous.
intereo : to perish, die. iugis iuge : perpetual, continuous.
interficio interfeci interfectum : to kill, murder, iumentum : beast of burden.
slay. iungo iunxi iunctum : to join
iuro : to swear, to make an oath. slander someone.
ius iurandum iuris iurandi etc. : oath. lacerta : lizard.
ius iuris : justice, law, right. lacertosus : muscular, powerful.
iussu : (abl.) at the command of, by order of. lacertus : the upper arm / strength.
iustus : just, right, equitable. lacesso : to harass, attack.
iuvo : to help, aid, assist / to please. lacrima Heliandum : amber.
iuxta : just short of. lacrima : tears / exudations from some plants.
iuxta : close by, near / in like manner, equally. lacrimabilis : lamentable, deplorable, woeful.
iuxta : (+ acc.) close to, near to / (time) just before. lacrimo : to weep, shed tears / exude, drip.
lacrimosus : tearful, mournful, shedding tears,
lactans : giving milk.
J lactatio : enticement, come-on.
lacteus : milky, of milk, milk-white.
jaculum : dart, javelin. lacteus : of milk, milky, milk-white.
judicium : trial, legal investigation, judgement, lacto : to allure, entice, wheedle.
decision. lactuca : lettuce.
jugis : adj. continual, ceaseless, perennial, constant. lacuna : missing letters, words, or phrases in a
jugiter : continually, perpetually, constantly / manuscript.
instantly. lacuna : a hole, empty space / pond, pool / deficiency,
jumentum : draft animal. loss.
juvenis : young man, youth. lacunar : panelled ceiling.
juventus : the age of youth (20-40 years) lacus : a hollow / lake, pool, pond, trough, tank, tub.
laedo ledo : strike, hit, hurt, damage, offend, annoy,

K– violate.
laesio lesio : rhetorical attack / wounding.
laetabilis letabilis : joyous, glad.
laetans : rejoicing, joyous.
L laetatio letatio : rejoicing, joy.
laetifico letifico : to fertilize / cheer, gladden, delight.
labefacio labefeci labefactum : to shake, loosen / laetificus letificus : gladdening, joyous, spreading
impair. happiness.
labefacto : to weaken, disturb / shake violently. laetitia letitia : fertility / richness, grace / joy, delight.
labellum : a little lip / a small washing vessel. laeto leto : to cheer, gladden, make joyful.
labes labis : stain, blemish, disgrace, infamy / laetor letor : to rejoice, be joyful.
misfortune. laeve leve : left-handedly, awkwardly.
labia labium :lip (labiae : lips). laevus levus : foolish, silly / unlucky, unpropitious.
labiosus : having large lips. laevus levus : the left hand, left side, left-handed.
labo : to totter, sink, begin to fall. laganum : a cake.
labor : hardship, fatigue, distress. lama : bog, slough.
labor laboris : labor, work, toil lambo : to lick / (of rivers) to wash.
labor lapsus : to slip, glide, slide. lamenta (neut. pl) : weeping, wailing.
labores solis : eclipse of the sun. lamentabilis : lamentable, mournful.
laboriose : laboriously, with great effort lamentatio : weeping, wailing, lamenting.
laboriosus : toilsome, laborious / (persons) lamentor : to weep, wail, lament / (trans.) to bewail.
industrious, toiling. lamia : witch, vampire.
laboro : (intrans.) to work, toil, suffer, be afflicted, be lamnia lammina lamna : sheet of metal, coin, knife
troubled. blade, nutshell.
laboro : (trans.) work out, prepare, arrange, form, lapsus : fall, fault, error, sliding, graduate
elaborate. movement.
labrum : lip, edge, rim / bathing tub. laqueum : noose, halter, snare, trap.
labrusca : wild grape vine. laqueus : snare, trap, noose.
labruscum : the wild grape. largior : lavish, bestow, grant, give abundantly.
lac lactis : milk. lascivio : to run riot, play, be wanton.
lacer : torn, mangled, cut to pieces. lasesco : to become tired, grow weary.
laceratio : a tearing, mangling. latus -eris : sides, flank / lungs /
lacero : to tear to pieces, mangle / squander money / laudator : praiser.
laudo : to praise, extoll, commend / name, mention, levis : light, slight, trivial / beardless, bald / light-
cite, quote. armed.
Laudunum : Laon. levitas : lightness, levity / fickleness, inconstancy /
laus : praise, glory, fame. groundlessness.
lebes : copper kettle, basin, cauldron. leviter : lightly, softly, slightly.
lectica : litter, bier. levo : to smooth, polish.
lector : reader. levo : to raise, lift up / relieve, ease / diminish,
lectus : bed. weaken, impair.
legatarius : legatee. lex legis : law, statute / covenant, agreement
legatus : deputy, ambassador, envoy, libatio : libation.
legens legentis : a reader. libellus : little book.
legio : legion libenter : willingly, with pleasure.
lego : to gather, choose, collect, pass through, read, liber : child, offspring.
lemiscus : a ribbon. liber libri : book.
lemma : theme, title, epigram. liber libera, liberum : free, independent, unrestricted.
lemures : (pl. only) ghosts, phantoms. liberalis : courteous, generous, gentlemanly.
lenimentus : alleviation, improvement, mitigation. liberalitas : courtesy, kindness, generousity / a grant.
lenio : to mitigate, relieve, make better. liberaliter : courteously, generously, honorably.
lenis : smooth / gentle, kind, mild. liberatio : release, liberation, acquittal, setting free.
lenitas lenitudo : smoothness, gentleness, mildness. libere : freely, openly, frankly.
leno : procurer, go-between. libero : to liberate, set free.
lenocinium : enticement, allurement. libero : to lift (an obstacle), raise.
lenocinor : to pander, flatter, make up to / to libero : to set free, deliver, liberate, release / exempt
promote, advance. libertas : freedom, liberty, independence / frankness,
lens lentis : lentil. candor.
lente : slowly, calmly, cooly, deliberately. libido : whim, caprice, violent desire, passionate
lentesco : to become soft, flexible, sticky / to weaken, longing.
slacken. licet : granted that, although / it is allowed, one may
lentitudo : slowness, apathy, sluggishness. or can.
lento : to bend. licet : (as conj.) granted that, although.
lentulus : rather slow, a little slow. ligo : to bind, tie.
lentus : lethargic, inactive / slow, lingering. lima : file, polishing, revision.
lentus : tough, resistant, tenacious / supple, pliant / limen, limina : threshold.
Leo : lion. lingua : language, tongue, speech.
Leodie : Liege. lino : to smear, befoul, dirty.
lepide : charmingly, wittily, elegantly, pleasantly. linteum : linen, napkin.
lepidus : charming, witty, pleasant, elegant. liquidus : fluid, flowing, liquid / clear, evident,
lepor lepos : charm, wit, elegance. certain.
lepus : hare, rabbit. litigo : to quarrel, dispute.
Lesciense, monastery of : Liessies. littera : letter (of the alphabet).
letalis : mortal, deadly, fatal. litterae : (pl.) letter, epistle, missive, note / literature.
letaliter : mortally, fatally. loci : (pl.) passages in literary works.
letanie : litany loco : to place, put, position.
lethargus : drowsiness, apathy, sleepiness, coma. locupleto : to enrich, make wealthy.
letifer : deadly, mortal. locus : place, location, situation, spot.
leto : to kill, slay. loginquitas : distance, remoteness, isolation.
letum : death, ruin, annihilation. longe lateque : far and wide.
levamen : alleviation, mitigation, solace, longe : far.
refreshment. longus : long
levamentum : comfort, easing, alleviation, loquax loquacis : talkative, loquacious, garrulous.
consolation. loquor locutus : to say, speak, tell.
levatio : alleviation, mitigation, solace. loricatus : wearing armor, armored.
leviculus : empty-headed, vain, silly. lubricus : oily, slippery, slick.
levidensis : thin, slight, poor. lucerna : lamp.
levis : rapid, swift / unimportant / fickle, inconstant / lucror : to gain, profit, win.
unstable. lucrosus : profitable, gainful.
lucrum : gain, profit. mancipo : to sell formally, give up.
luctisonus : sad-sounding, mournful, baleful. mandatum : order, decree, mandate, instruction.
luctus : lamentation, mourning, grief. mando : to commit, entrust, order, command.
ludio ludius : actor, player mane : morning, early in the morning, early.
ludo lusi lusum : to play, sport / imitate, banter / manentia : permanency.
delude, deceive. maneo : to remain, stay, stay the night, last, endure,
ludus : game, sport, school. abide by.
lues : plague, pestilence, calamity. mansuetus : mild, soft, gentle.
lugeo : to mourn, be in mourning, grieve / (tans,) to manus manus : hand, band, handwriting.
lament, bewail. Marceniense : Marchiennes,
luna : moon. Marcieniensis : Marchiennes.
lupus : wolf. mare maris : sea.
Lutosensis : Leuze. maritus : husband.
lux lucis : light. mater matris : mother.
luxuria : luxury, extravagance, opulence. matera, mairia : ?vat, for the fermentation of beer.
materia : material, substance, matter.
matertera : maternal aunt.
M matrimonium : marriage.
maxime : greatly, exceedingly, to the highest degree,
macellarius : butcher, slaughter-house. very.
macer : thin, lean. maxime : especially, particularly, principally.
macero : to soften, weaken, reduce, torment. me : (acc.) me / that old black magic has ME in its
macies : thiness, gauntness / poverty barrenness spell.
macresco : to become lean, skinny, thin. me : (abl.) me / you'll do fine with ME, baby.
mactabilis : deadly, lethal. medicus : doctor, physician.
macto : to magnify, glorify, honor / slay, fight, mediocris : ordinary, average, fair, moderate,
punish, afflict. mediocre.
macula : stain, mark, spot / blemish, fault, flaw. meditor meditatus : to reflect upon, consider, ponder
maculo : to stain, blemish, defile, pollute. / practice.
maculosus : spotted, speckled, polluted. medius : middle, the middle of.
madesco : to get wet. mei : my, mine / MY heart belongs to daddy. that old
madide : drunkenly. gang of MINE.
madidus : wet, moist, soaked, boiled, soft, drunk, mel mellis : honey.
dyed, steeped. melior : better.
mador : wetness, moisture. mellitus : honeyed, sweet as honey.
maero : to grieve, sorrow. membrana : thin skin, film, parchment, membrane,
maeror meror : mourning, grief, sorrow. prepared skin.
magis : more, to a greater extent, rather, for memini meminisse : to remember.
preference memor : mindful, remembering, grateful, thoughful,
magister : master, canon / master of a school, prudent.
professor. memoratus : mentioned.
magnopere magnus opere : very, very much. memoria : memory, remembrance, recall,
magnus maior maximus : large, great, important. recollection.
magus : magical. Menapiorum :
maiestas : majesty, dignity, greatness. mendosus : faulty, full of faults.
maiores : (pl.) ancestors. mens mentis : mind, thought, intention, intellect.
Malbodiensis : Maubeuge. mensa : table.
male peius pessime : badly, ill, wrongly. mensis mensis : month.
malens : preferring. merces mercedis : pay, reward, recompense,
Malmundarium : Malmedy. compensation.
malo mallui malus : to choose, prefer. mereo, mereor : deserve, earn, be entitled to, merit.
malum : evil, misfortune, misdeed, crime, injury, mereo : deserve, gain, obtain, serve as a soldier.
damage. meretrix meretricis : prostitute, whore, harlot.
malus peior pessimus : bad, wicked, evil. meridianus : midday, afternoon, south.
mancipo mancepo : to sell formally, turn over, give mestitia : misfortune?
into charge. Metim : Metz.
metuo : to fear, dread, be frightened. monitio : admonition, warning.
metus : fear, dread, anxiety. mons montis : mountain, mount.
meus : my. monstro : to show, appoint, point out, ordain.
mica : crumb, morsel, grain. monstrum : portent, omen, monster.
mihi : (dat.) me / give ME land, lots of land. Montensem : Mons.
miles militis : soldier, warrior, knight. mora : delay
milia : (pl.) thousands. moratlis : mortal.
militaris -e : of a soldier, military, martial. morbus : sickness, disease, illness.
mille : a thousand. mores, morium : ways, conduct, character, morals.
millies milies : a thousand times. morior : to die, wither away, decay.
minime : in the least degree, very little / not at all, by mors mortis : death.
no means morsus : a biting, bite, also, sting, pain.
minimus : least, smallest, slightest. mortifera : deadly things
ministro : to serve, wait upon, provide, supply. mortuus : dead, deceased, passed away, gone West,
ministro : to attend, wait upon, assist. departed.
minor : smaller, less, slighter. mos moris : will, inclination / custom, wont, usage,
minuo minui minutum : To less, diminish, decrease, rule.
grow smaller. moveo moti motum : to move, arouse, affect,
mire : wonderfully, marvellously, uncommonly. influence.
miro : to wonder. mox : soon, presently, then, thereupon.
miror : to marvel at, admire, wonder. mucro : a sharp point, edge, dagger point.
mirus : wonderful, astonishing, extraordinary. mugio : to groan, bellow, roar, low.
misceo miscui mixtum : to mix, mingle, blend. mulier : woman.
miser : wretched, unfortunate, miserable. multi : many, numerous / the common herd.
misere : wretchedly, miserably. multo : by much, by far, by a great deal, by a lot.
misereo, misereor : to pity. multum : much, greatly.
misericordia : pity, mercy. multus : ne multus : briefly, in brief.
missa : holy mass multus : much, great
mitesco : to grow mild, ameliorate. multus plus plurimum : much, a lot.
mitigo : to make mild or ripe, make smooth, pacify, mundo : to clean.
appease. mundus : world, universe.
mitis : mild, gentle / ripe, mature. mundus : clean, neat, elegant.
mitto misi missum : to send, dispatch. munero / munerior : to give, present.
modestus : orderly, within bounds, moderate, munimentum : fortification, protection, defenses.
restrained. munio : to fortify, defend, protect / build a road.
modica : moderate, within bounds, limited, munitio : fortifying, defense works, bridging,
undistinguished. fortification.
modicus : ordinary, undistinguished, within bounds. munus muneris : service, office, function, duty / gift.
modio : a grain measure, a bushel basket. mus muris : mouse.
modo : now, just now, only. mussito : to grumble, mutter.
modus : measure, bound, limit / manner, method, mutatio : change, alteration, transformation.
mode, way. muto : to change, alter / exchange.
Moguntienses : Mainz. muto : punish, fine, mulct.
moleste : take annoyance mutuo : borrowed, lend,
moleste fero : I take annoyance. mutuus : interchanged, mutually, reciprocal /
molestia : annoyance, troublesomeness / stiffness, reciprocity.
affectation. mutuus : a loan. dare mutuum : to make a loan.
molestus : troublesome, disagreeable, annoying.
molior : to build, erect, construct, contrive, toil,
struggle. N
mollio : to soften, make pliant.
mollis : adj. soft, pliant, flexible, easily moved, gentle. nam : namque : (conj.) for.
monachus : monk. Namucense : Namur.
Monasteriense : Munster. narro : to make known, say, speak, narrate.
monasterium : monastery, abbey, convent. nascor nasci natus : to be born, spring forth.
moneo : to warn, admonish, remind, advise, instruct. natalis natalis : birthday.
natio : nation, people. noceo : (+ dat.) to do harm to, inflict injury, hurt.
natura : nature nolo, nolle, nolui : to be unwilling, wish not to,
nauta : sailor. refuse.
navigatio : voyage, navigation. nomen : name / nomen Romanorum: Roman power.
navigo : to sail, navigate. nominatim : by name, expressly.
navis navis : ship, vessel, boat. nomine tenus : nominally, in name.
ne ... quidem : not ... even. nomine tenus nominetenus : as far as the meaning
ne : (conj.) that ... not, in order that ... not, in order of the word extends.
not to. non : not.
necdum (neque dum) : and not yet. nondum : not yet
necessarius : necessary, needed, essential. nonnisi : not? not unless? Herimann, cap. 34.
necesse : (adj.) necessary, unavoidable, nonnullus : some / pl. several.
indispensable. nonnumquam : sometimes.
necne : or not. nonus : ninth.
neco : to kill, slay, put to death. nos : we / WE live and die by that creed.
nefas : wrong, sin. nos : us / they tried to tell US we're too young.
nego : to deny. nosco : to become acquainted with, get to know.
negotium : employment, business, task, occupation, noster nostra nostrum : our, ours.
pains. noster nostri : our ours / OUR hearts beat as one.
nemo : no one, nobody. noster nostri : our ours / that old dream of OURS
neo : to spin, interweave. (to spin thread and yarn). nota : mark, token, note, sign.
nepos nepotis : grandson. notarius : stenographer (class.), notary, legal scribe.
nequam : worthless, good for nothing, bad. novem : nine.
nequaquam : by no means, not at all. novitas : newness, novelty, strangeness.
neque ... neque : neither ... nor. novo : to make anew, refresh, revive, change, alter,
neque nec : and not, nor. invent.
nequeo : not to be able, to be impossible. novus : novel, unusual, extraordinary / news, novelty,
nequitia nequities : worthlessness, badness, a new thing
wickedness. novus : new, fresh, young, inexperienced, revived,
nescio : to be ignorant, be unaware, not know, be refreshed.
unknowing. nox noctis : night.
nichilominus : nevertheless. nullus : not any, no, none.
nidor : vapor, smell, reek, odor. numerus : total, category, class, number.
niger : black. numquam : adv. at no time, never.
nihil : (undeclinable) nothing nunc quidem : at one time ... then.
nihilum : nothing. nunc : now, at the present time.
nimirum : of course, undoubtedly, certainly nunquam : never.
(sometimes ironical). nuntio : to announce, report, relate.
nimis : (adv.) too much, overmuch, excessively nuntius : messenger, message.
nimium : (adv.) too much, overmuch, excessively. nuper : newly, recently, not long ago.
nisi : if not, unless, except. nusquam esse : not to exist.
niteo : to shine, glitter, be bright, glow, be sleek, nusquam : nowhere, in no place, nothing, for
flourish. nothing, never.
nitesco : to begin to shine, grow sleek. nutrimens : food, nourishment.
nitor : to strive, exert oneself, make an effort, nutrimentus : nourishment.
persevere. nutrio : to suckle, nourish, bring up, rear.
nitor : to rest, lean, support oneself / trust in, depend nutus : a nodding, nod, command, will.
upon. nutus : a nod, command, will / gravitation, movement
nitor : brilliance, brightness, glow, elegance, down.
splendor.
Nivellensem : Nivelles, city and monastery.
niveus : white, snowy. O
no: (nare, navi) : to swim, float, fly, sail.
nobis : (abl.) us / there'll be no one as happy as US. obdormio : to fall asleep.
nobis : (dat.) us / the world belongs to US. obduro : to be hard, persist, endure, last, hold out.
nocens : bad, wicked, injurious, culpable, evil. obicio obieci obiectum : to offer, throw in someone's
teeth. oportet : it is proper, one should, one ought.
obligatus : bound, under an obligation. oportunitas : convenience, fitness, advantage,
obliquo : to turn sideways, turn aside. opportunity.
oblittero : to cancel, blot out. oppono opposui oppositum : to set against, oppose,
oblivio : forgetfulness, oblivion. be opposite.
obruo : to overwhelm, destroy. opportune : (adv) opportunely, conveniently.
obsequium : indulgence, pliancy, submission. opportunitas : fitness, suitability, convenience,
obstinatus : firm, resolved, staunch. advantage.
obtestor : to implore, entreat, beg, call as a witness. opportunitatus : Herimann, cap. 42.
obtineo : to hold, keep, possess, maintain / to opportunus : opportune, fit, convenient, suitable.
continue. opportunus : fit, suitable / (time) favorable / (+dat.)
obviam ire : (+ dat.) to go to meet, oppose / help, liable to.
remedy. opprimo oppressi oppressum : to suppress,
obviam : on the way, in the way / (+ dat.) towards, overwhelm, overpower, check.
against. opprobrium : reproach, disgrace.
obvius : on the way, in the way / (in dat.) open, oppugno : to fight against, attack, assault, assail.
accessible. ops : singular: power, power to aid, power to help.
occasio : favorable moment, opportunity. optimates : the aristocratic party.
occido occidi occasum : to fall, fall down, (for the optimus: one of the best, aristocrat, noble.
sun) to set. opto : to desire, wish for, want.
occulto : secretly. opus operis : work, labor, work done, completed
occupo : to take possession, grasp, seize, enjoy, get a work, building.
start on. oratio : speech, address, oration.
occurro : to fall upon, attack, work against, orator : orator, speaker.
counteract. orbis terrarum : the world, the Earth.
occursus : meeting, falling in, running into each orbis : circle, orb.
other. ordinatio : rule, government, order, arrangment,
ocius : quick. fleet, sooner, faster. regulation.
oculus : eye. ordine, ordinem : regularly, appropriately, properly.
odio : to hate, despite, hold in contempt, dislike ordo : rank, class, order.
strongly. orior oriri ortus : rise, become visible, appear.
odium : hatred. ornatus : dress, attire, equipment, ornament,
offensio : striking, knocking, hitting against, blow. embellishment.
offero : to bring forward, place before, present, offer, orno : to equip, furnish, supply / decorate, adorn.
expose. oro : to speak, argue, plead, orate, beg, entreat.
officina : workshop, factor. os, oris : mouth, face, countenance.
officium : duty, service, job. ostendo : show, reveal, present, make plain, declare.
olim : at that time, formerly, once, for a long time ostium : entrance, door.
now. otium : free time, leisure, ease, peace, repose.
omitto : to omit, leave out / let go. otium : ease, leisure, inactivity.
omnigenus : of all kinds. ovis ovis : sheep.
omnino : altogether, entirely, wholly, certainly,
completely.
omnipotens : all-powerful, almighty, omnipotent P
omnis : all, every.
onero : to load, burden, oppress, fill up. paciscor : to make an agreement, covenant, pact.
onus : load, burden, weight, trouble / charge, public paciscor : to make a bargain or agreement, covenant,
road tax. deal.
opera : work, pains, labor. pactum : treaty, pact, contract.
operor : to work, labor, toil, take pains. pactum : agreement, contract, covenant, pact.
opes : (pl.) means, wealth, abundance, riches, pactus : agreed-upon, stipulated, betrothed.
resources. paene, pene : nearly, almost.
opinio : opinion, report, rumor, conjecture, report. paganus : countryman, peasant, pagan.
opisthotonos : A disease where the body is curved pala : spade, peel for putting bread in the oven.
backward. palam : openly, publicly, (+abl.) in the presence of.
oporotheca : place for keeping fruit. palea : chaff.
pallium : coverlet, mantle, cloak. pello pepulli pulsum : to hit, beat / exile, drive away,
palma : palm. banish.
pando : to stretch out, spread out, extent. pendeo : to hang, depend, be suspended / be
panis panis : bread. uncertain, undecided.
par : equal, like. pendo : to weigh, value, consider, judge, esteem.
paratus : prepared, ready, provided, equipped. penitus : inward, inner, interior.
paratus : prepared, ready, equipped; (of persons) penitus : (adv.) inside, widely, through and through,
skilled. completely.
paratus : preparation, fitting out, equipment. penus, us : provender, supplies, victuals.
parco : (with dative) to spare, refrain from injuring. pepulo : ? Herimann, cap. 3.
parco : (+inf.: to forbear to), avoid, spare, keep per : (+ acc.) (cause) because of, on account of.
oneself from. per : (+ acc.) (means / instrument) through, with, by,
parens parentis : parent. by means of.
pareo : (+ dat.) to be obedient to, obey. per : (+ acc.) (of time) throughout, during, in the
paries parietis : wall course of.
parilis : similar, like, equal. per : (+ acc.) (of space) through, along, over / in the
pario : to bear, bring forth, produce / create, make, presence of.
get. peracto : to carry through, complete, accomplish.
pariter : equally, in like manner, as well. peragro : to wander through, travel through.
paro : to prepare, get ready / set, put / furnish, supply percipio percepi perceptum : to gain, learn,
/ buy. perceive, understand.
pars partis : part, share / direction. percontor percunctor : inquire, interrogate,
partim : partly / some. investigate.
parum minus minime : (adv.) little, too little, not perculsus : a shock.
enough. percutio (percussum) : to strike hard, pierce,
parvus minor minimus : small, little transfix / shock.
pasco : to graze, forage, browse. perdignus : very worthy.
passer : sparrow. perdo : to destroy, ruin, waste, scatter, squander.
passim : adv. far and wide, everywhere, scattered perduco : to lead through, conduct, carry through.
about. peregrinus : wanderer, foreigner, stranger / pilgrim,
patefacio : to disclose, expose, open, make open. crusader.
pateo : to be revealed, to stand open, to be clear, pereo : to pass away, be destroyed, perish.
plain. perfectus : complete, finished, done / perfect, without
pater patris : father. flaw.
paternus : of a father, paternal, native. perfero : to bear, suffer, endure.
patiens : patient / (+ gen.) capable of enduring. perficio perfeci perfectum: to do thoroughly,
patientia : patience, suffering, endurance. accomplish, bring about.
patior : to suffer, endure, permit. perfruor : to execute completely, enjoy to the full.
patria : fatherland, one's native country, homeland. perfusus : steeped, soaked, drenched.
patrocinor : to protect, defend, support, patronize. pergo : to continue, proceed, go on with.
patronus : patron, protector. periclitatus : put in peril, endangered.
patruus : paternal uncle. periclitor : to test make a trial, put in peril, endanger.
pauci : few, a few, some. periculosus : hazardous, dangerous.
paulatim : gradually, little by little. periculum : danger, risk.
pauper : beggar, person without means. perimo peremi peremptum : to destroy
pauper : poor, with few means, poverty-stricken. peritus : skilled, expert.
paupertas : beggardry, poverty, humble periurium : perjury, oath-breaking, forswearing an
circumstances. oath.
pax pacis : peace perlustro : to pass through, survey, look, examine.
peccatus : sin. permitto permissi permissum : to allow, permit, let.
pecco : to do wrong, err, sin, go astray. permoveo : to excite, agitate, stir up, move.
pecto : to comb, card, thrash (to card wool). perniciosus : pernicious, destructive.
pectus pectoris : heart, breast. perperam : wrongly, falsely.
pecunia : money. perpetro : to complete, accomplish, perform.
pecus : a single head of cattle, especially a sheep. perpetuus : perpetual, lasting, continuous,
peior : worse (see malus). uninterrupted.
perscitus : very clever, exceedingly sharp. pictoratus : painted / of cloth, embroidered.
perscribo : to write out, write down, place on record. piger pigra pigrum : lazy, slow, dull.
perseco : to cut through, dissect, cut away. pignus : pawn, pledge, token, (in pl.) persons in
persequor persequi persecutus : to follow, pursue, pledges of
take revenge. piper, piperis : pepper.
perseverantia : perseverance, persistence. pipio : to chirp, tweet, pipe.
persevero : to persist, persevere, continue. pirum : pear.
persisto : to persist, persevere. pirus : pear tree.
persolvo : to unloose, explain, expound / pay off a piscator : fisherman.
debt, pay. piscis piscis : fish.
personam gero : to act a part. pius: dutiful, godly, holy, upright, kind, honest,
perspicuus : transparent, bright, clear, evident. affectionate.
persuadeo persuasi persuasum : (+ dat.) to placeo : (+ dat.) to please, be agreeable to
persuade. placet : it is agreed, it is resolved, it seems good.
perterreo : to terrify. placide : quitely, gently.
pertimesco : to become very much afraid. placidus : quiet, still, gentle.
pertinacia : firmness, obstinacy, stubbornness. placitum : judgment, case / plea, litigation / defense.
pertinaciter : stubbornly, obstinately. placitum : accord, agreement, pact / assembly for
pertinax : persistent, firm, mean, stubborn, obstinate judgment.
pertineo : to pertain to, relate to, concern. placo : to placate, appease.
pertingo : to stretch out, extend. plaga : district, zone, region.
pertorqueo : to twist, distort. plagiarius : kid-napper, plagiarist
pertraho : to drag, forcibly conduct, entice, allure. plane : plainly, clearly.
perturbo : to disturb, trouble, perturb, disrupt. plango planxi plactum : to strike, beat / bewail,
perturpis : very disgraceful. mourn.
peruro perussi perustum : to burn up, consume / platea : street, courtyard.
inflame, gall, chafe. plaustrum : wagon, cart, charles Wain.
pervalidus : very strong. plebs plebis : the common people, the masses, the
pervenio : (+ acc.) to reach, attain, reach, be passed crowd.
to. plecto : to punish.
perverto perverti perversum : to turn upside down, plector : to be punished.
overturn, overthrow. plene : (adv.) completely, wholly, fully.
pervideo pervidi pervisum : to look over, survey, plenus : full, complete, full, satisfied, rich, mature,
inspect, discern. plump.
pes pedis : foot. plerumque : for the most part, generally, commonly,
pessimus : worst (see malus) mostly.
pessum do: to destroy, ruin, wreck plerusque : very many, a great number, a large part,
pessum ire: to sink, be ruined, destroyed, be put to an the greater part.
end. plico : to fold.
pessum : to the ground, to the bottom, downward. plorabilis : deplorable.
pestifer : pestilential, injurious, damaging, plaguey, plorator : a lamenter.
pestifere : destructively, injuriously. ploratus : weeping, lamenting.
pestis pestis : plague, epidemic, pestilence / ploro : to lament, weep, weep over.
destruction, curse. pluit pluvit : it is raining, a shower is falling.
petitus : inclining toward pluma : feather / featherbed / pen.
peto : to make for, go to, seek, strive after. plumbeus : leaden, made of lead / dull, stupid, heavy,
peto : to ask for, beg, request, demand / to sue for. oppressive, bad.
Pevela : Pevle, near Cisoing. plumbum album : tin.
pharetra : a quiver. plumbum : lead, a bullet, lead pipe.
phasma phasmatis : ghost, spirit, specter. pluo : to rain, shower, sprinkle.
phitonicum : Herimann p. 275. plura : more numerous, several, many.
pia pium : honest, godly, holy, pious, dutiful, plures : more numerous, several, many.
patriotic. plurimi : at the highest price, of the highest worth.
pica : jay, magpie. plurimus : most, very many.
picea : the spruce tree pluris : (gen.) at a higher price, of a great value
pictor : painter plus : more.
plusculus : somewhat more, rather more. praecedo precedo : to precede, go before / surpass,
pluvia : rain, shower. excel.
pluvialis : pertaining to rain, of rain. praecelsus precelsus : exceedingly high.
pocius potius : rather, preferably. praecepio precepio : precept, preconception.
poema poematis : poem, verse, rhyme. praeceptum preceptum : precept.
poena : pain, punishment, penalty / poena dare : to praecido : to cut short, lop, mutilate.
pay the penalty. praecipio, precipio : to instruct, advise, warn,
poeta : (masc.) poet. anticipate.
polenta : pearl barley, barley groats. praecipuus precipuus: excellent, distinguished,
pollen : (also pollis ): fine flour, fine meal. extraordinary.
polleo : to be strong, powerful, able. praeclarus preclarus : excellent, famous, beautiful,
pollex : thumb, big toe. striking.
polliceor : to promise, offer. praeconor preconor : to be a public crier, to herald,
pollicitus : promised, a promise. proclaim.
pomum : fruit, apple. praecox precox : ripe beforehand, premature.
pono posui positum : to lay, place, put, set / (milit.) praeda preda : plunder, booty, spoils of war, loot,
post, station. gain, prey.
pons pontis : bridge. praedico predico : to warn, admonish, instruct,
poposco : see posco : Herimann, cap. 28, 69. foretell.
populus : people, the people, nation, crowd, praeeo preeo : to go before, precede / to say in
multitude, host. advance / to order.
porro : forward, further, next, in turn, (of time) long praefero prefero : to carry in front, display, prefer.
ago. praefero prefero : anticipate, carry by, ride by.
porta : gate, entrance. praeficio preficio / prefeci prefectum : to put in
posco : to call upon, ask earnestly, request. charge of
positus : position, place, arrangment. praefinio prefinio : to appoint ahead of time
possessio : possession, property. praefoco prefoco : to choke, suffocate.
possum posse potum : to be able, avail, have praegravo pregravo : to press heavily upon, weigh
influence. down, oppress.
post : (+ acc.) after, behind. praemitto : to send forward, dispatch, send in
postea : afterwards. advance.
posteri : posterity. praemium premium : reward, prize.
posterus, postremo : subsequent, following, next, praemo premo : to press down, strike down.
future. praenuntio, prenuntio : to foretell, announce before
posthabeo : [posthabito] : to put after, consider of hand.
less account. praenuntius prenuncius : foretelling, harbinger,
postpono : to put after, consider secondary. omen, token.
postquam : (conj.) after. praepono prepono : to set over, prefer.
postulo : to ask. praepositus prepositus : (monastic) prior.
potens : able, mighty, powerful, strong. praeproperus, preproperus: over-hasty, precipitate.
potestas : power, ability, authority / opportunity. praesentia presentia : presence, presence of mind,
potior : (+ gen. or dat.) to possess, hold, get effect, power.
possession of. praesentia presencia : power, effect.
potissimum : (adv.) chiefly, most of all. praesidium presidium : guard, garrison, detachment
potissimus : best of all, chief, principal. / protection.
potius : rather, preferably praestans prestans : excellent, distinguished,
prae dulcis / pre dulcis : exceedingly sweet. imminent.
prae se ferre / pre se ferre : to show, exhibit, on praestantia prestantia: superiority, excellence.
account of. praesto : to stand before, be outstanding, excell,
prae quam / pre quam : in comparison with. surpass, show.
prae pre : (prep. with abl.) before, praesto presto : to answer for, be responsible for.
prae pre : (adv.) before, in front. praesto presto : to do, perform, display, fulfill, offer,
praebeo prebeo : to offer, hold out, supply, provide, present.
allow. praesul presul : dancer / presider, protector,
praebeo prebeo : (+ refl.) to show oneself, present director.
oneself. praesum presum : to be at the head of, be in charge
of. procedo : to go ahead, proceed, advance, continue.
praesumo presumo : to anticipate, take for granted. procella : storm, tempest, gale; (milit) charge, onset,
praeter : adj., except; prep. + acc., besides, beyond, wave.
more than. procella : storm, tempest, gale.
praeterea preterea : besides, further, hereafter. procer : chief noble, prince.
praetereo pretereo : to pass over, pass by, omit. procinctu : prepared or ready for battle.
praeteritus preteritus : past. procul : far, at, to, from a distance.
praetermissio pretermissio : neglect, passing over, procurator : manager, bailiff, agent.
omission. prodigiosus : unnatural, wonderful, miraculous,
praetorgredior pretergredior : to pass beyond, go amazing.
beyond. proditor : traitor, betrayer.
praevenio, prevenio : to come before, anticipate. proelium : battle.
praevenio : get the start of. profecto : truly, really, indeed.
pravitas : crookedness, depravity, deformity, profero : to carry out, bring forth.
perversity. proficio : to make progress, advance.
preastolatio prestolatio : the waiting for, proficio : advance, assist, help, aid, be of use.
expectation. proficiscor : to depart, set out, to start forward, to
precipio : to anticipate, instruct, advise, warn. arise.
precipue : chiefly, especially, particularly. proficuus : proficiscor : to start forward, set out,
precor : to pray, beg, entreat, invoke. depart, arise.
prehendo : to seize, snatch, grasp, detain, arrest. profiteor: to make a public statement / to declare
premo pressi pressum : to squeeze, press down, oneself.
strike down. profiteor: to acknowledge, confess / offer, promise.
prenda : booty, loot, stolen goods. profor profari profatus : to speak out.
pretereo : to go by, pass by, escape. profugus : fleeing, fugitive, banished, migratory.
pretium : price, value, reward. profundo frofui profusum : to pour forth, gush,
prevenire : to come to, go before hand, attend. stream.
prex precis : request, entreaty, prayer. profundum : a depth, abyss, chasm / the sea.
primitus : first, for the first time. profundus : deep, profound, high, thick, dense,
primo : first, at first, at the beginning, at the start. boundless.
primoris : first, foremost / most distinguished, first. progener : husband of a grand-daughter.
primum : quam primum : as soon as possible. progenero : to produce, engender.
primum : at first, for the first time, in the first place. progenies : descent, lineage, progeny, offspring,
princeps : chief, prince. descendants.
principatus : rule, dominion, pre-eminence, first progenitor : founder of a family, ancestor.
place. progigno progenui progenitum : to engender, bring
principium : beginning. forth.
prior prius : former, prior. prognatus : born, sprung from / son.
priores, um : forefathers, ancestors. progredior : to go forth, advance, proceed, go out.
priscus : ancient, antique, former, old days, progressio : advance, progress, increase.
venerable. progressus : advance, going forward, increase, a
pristinus : former, venerable, ancient. royal circuit.
prius : before, formerly. prohibeo : to prevent, hinder, restrain, prohibit,
priusquam : (conj.) before. forbid.
privatus : private, unofficial, a private person. prohibitio : prohibition, restrain, forbidding.
privigna : step-daughter. proicio : to throw forth, fling, abandon.
privo : to deprive proinde ut: proinde quam: just as.
privus : (with gen.) deprived of. proinde quasi proinde ac si : just as if.
pro eo : because of the fact, because, for this reason.. proinde : consequently, therefore, as a result.
pro : (+ abl.) in return for, instead of / for, as. prolabor : to slide forward, slip forward, fall
pro : (+ abl.) in front of, before / on behalf of, for. forward, fall down.
probitas : probity, uprightness, honesty. prolapsio : a slipping or sliding.
probo : to show, prove, demonstrate, approve, find prolatio : a bringing forward, mentioning / extension
good, judge. / deferring.
procedo : to go out, come out / result, prosper / turn prolato : to enlarge, lengthen, extend / put off, defer.
out well. prolecto : to entice, allure.
proles : offspring, descendants, posterity, (plants : propositum : a design, purpose, scheme, theme of
fruit). discourse.
proletarius : a citizen of the lowest rank. proprie : exclusively, particularly, peculiarly.
prolicio prolixi : to lure forth, entice. properly.
prolix : long, stretching. proprius : one's own, special, characteristic,
prolixus : wide, broad, long / willing, obliging, particular.
favorable. proprius : one's own, permanent, special, peculiar.
proloquor : to speak out, declare openly. propter : (+ acc.) near, close, on account of, because
proluo prolu prolutum : to wash away, wash clean. of.
prolusio : preliminary exercise, prelude. propugnaculum : fortification, rampart, defense.
proluvier : inundation / scouring / discharge. prorsus : forward, straight ahead, to sum up, utterly,
promereo promereor : to deserve, merit wholly.
promeritum : desserts, merit, credit.promissio : a prosequor (prosecutus) : to attack, go with, pursue,
promise. attend.
prominens : jutting out, standing out / a projection. prosper : favorable, fortunate, lucky, prosperous.
promineo : to stand out, jut, extend. prosperitas : prosperity, good fortune.
promisce promiscue : indiscriminately. prosum (profuturus) : to be useful, of benefit, do
promiscus promiscuus : mixed, indiscriminate / good.
commonplace, usual. prosum : to be useful, do good, benefit (+ dative).
promissio : a promise prosum : (with dat.) to be useful, do good, benefit.
promissor : a promiser, suretor, guarantor. protestor, protesto : to declare in public, affirm,
promitto : to let go, send forth, undertake, promise. bear witness.
promitto : to let go forward, send forth, promise, protinus : forward, further on, continuously,
undertake. immediately.
promo prompsi promptum : to produce, disclose, protraho (protractus): to draw out, protract, defer,
bring forth. make known.
promontorium : peak, mountain crest, ridge, prout : just as, according to.
promontory. provectus : advanced, advanced in age.
promoveo promovi promotum : push forward, move proveho : to carry on, carry forward, advance,
ahead, advance. promote,
prompte : promptly, resolutely, readily. proventus : a growing up, increase, crop, yield, or
promptu : in promptu habere : to have read, issue.
display, have on show. provideo : to foresee, provide, make provision for.
promptu : in promptu ponere : to make clear, provisor : one who provides for, or against.
reveal, disclose. provolvere se : to throw oneself down, abase oneself.
promptu : in promptu esse : to be ready, to be easy, proximus : nearest, closest, next.
to be clear. prudens : prudent, wise.
promptus : (persons) prepared, resolute, prompt. prudenter : wisely, discreetly.
promptus : ready at hand, visible, apparent. prudentia : foresight, wisdom, discretion.
promulgatio : publication, promulgation (of a law). Pruma : Prums.
promus : steward, butler. publicus : of the people, public, open to all.
promutuus : (cash) advanced, prepaid, arraigned puchre : beautifully, finely, handsomely.
beforehand. pudendus : shameful, disgraceful.
pronepos proneptos : great-grandson pudeo : to be ashamed,
pronuntio : to proclaim, announce, declaim. pudicus : modest. chaste.
prope : near, nearly, not far from, just now, closely. pudor : modesty, bashfulness.
prope : near, near to, not far, not long from now. puella : girl.
propello : to drive before one, drive away. puer : boy.
propero : to hasten, speed, move rapidly, come puerilis : childish, boyish, foolish.
quickly. pueriliter : boyishly, childishly, foolishly.
propero : to hasten / accelerate, speed up. puga pyga : buttocks.
propinquo : (intrans) to come near, draw near, pugna : fight, battle, conflict, set-to.
approach. pugnacitas : the desire to fight, pugnacity.
propinquus : near, close, similar, nearly related. pugnaculum : fortress.
propono : display, publish, relate, tell, propose, pugnax : fond of fighting, combative, stubborn,
promise. contentious.
pugno : to fight.
pugnus : the fist. Q
pulchellus : pretty.
pulcher pulchra pulchrum : beautiful, handsome, qua : (adv.) by which route, where.
fine. qua : (fem. sing. abl.) (the abbess) BY WHOM she
pulchritudo pulchritudinis : beauty, fineness. was advised.
pulex : the flea. quadraginta : forty (indecl.)
pullulo : shoot up, sprout, burgeon. quadratus : square, a square.
pullus : dark-colored, blackish / sad, gloomy / a dark quadrigae : four-horse team.
garment. quadrivium : second stage of the medieval
pullus : young animal / chicken, chick. curriculum
pulmentum : anything eaten with bread, sauce or quadrivium : crossroads, place where four roads
relish. meet.
pulmo : the lung. quadrum : a square
pulpa : flesh. quadruplator : an exaggerator, informer
pulpitum : platform, stage. quadruplor : to be an informant.
pulso : to strike (the hours) quae : (neut. pl. nom.) WHAT cannot be avoided must
pulsus : beating, blow, push, influence. be endured.
pulsus : beating, blow, push, impulse, influence. quae que : (fem. sing. nom.) (the milkmaid), WHO
pulvis : dust, powder / arena, scene of action. loved a prince.
pumilius pumilio : a dwarf. quae : (neut. pl. acc.) those things WHICH we must
punctum : a prick, little hole, puncture / a point, spot, have
place. quae : (fem. pl. nom.) Let THOSE (women) WHO
pungo pupugi punctum : to penetrate / sting, annoy, have ears to hear ..
harass. quaero quero : to seek, search for / ask, enquire,
pungo pupugi punctum : to prick, puncture, stab / search for
touch, move. quaero quero : to miss, want / seek to know / obtain,
puniceus : purple, red. get.
punio : to punish, avenge, gave vengeance. quaesitio quesitio : investigation, interrogation.
punitor : punisher, avenger. quaeso queso : to seek for, ask for.
pupa : doll / little girl. quaestio questio : seeking, searching / inquiry,
pupillus pupilla : orphan, ward. investigation.
puppis : stern of a ship, the poop. quaestuosus questuosus : profitable, fond of gain,
pupula : pupil of the eye. rich.
purgamentum : rubbish, trash, filth, sweepings. quaestus questus : profit, a source of profit, gaining,
purgatio: cleaning out, cleansing / excsuing, getting.
justification. qualis : of what kind? of the kind that.
purgo : to clean, cleanse, purify / clear away, wash qualiscumque : of any kind whatever, any whatever.
off / justify. qualislibet : of what sort you will.
purpura : purple dye, purple cloth / high rank, qualitas : quality, property.
emperorship. qualiter : as, just as.
purus : pure, free from. quam plures : as many as possible.
pusillus : tiny, puny / petty, mean. quam : (adv. and conj.) how, than, as ... as possible.
putator : pruner. quam : (fem. sing. acc.) (the church), WHICH the
puteo : to stink, be redolent, smell bad. Lord loved.
puter : rotten, decayed, putrid / loose, crumbling / quamdiu : such a long time.
flabby. quamobrem, quam ob rem : wherefore? why? for
putesco : to putrefy, day, rot. which reason.
puteus : well, pit. quamquam : nevertheless, and yet (beginning a
puto : to clear, settle up, consider, think, believe, sentence) / though.
suppose, judge. quamtotius : ? completely.
putus : pure, unmixed, unadulterated. quamvis : (conj) however much, although / as much
pyropus : bronze. as you like.
pyus pyxidis : a little box, casket. quando : (interr.) when si quando : if ever.
quandoquidem : since, because.
quanti : for how much, at what price.
quanto : by how much (+ comp. adj. or adv.) quibus : (masc. pl. dat.) the monastery IN WHICH he
quantocius quantotius : the soon the better. was interred.
quantocius quantotius : as quickly as possible. quibus : (masc. pl. abl.) his sons, BY WHOM he was
quantum in me est : as much as in me lies. attacked when old
quantum : (+ gen.) as much of ... as. quibus : (fem. pl. abl.) the beards, BY WHICH the
quantum : how much?, how much!, as much as. pirates were known.
quantus ... quantus : as great as, as much as. quicquid : whoever, whatever, whatsoever, anything
quantus : how great?, how great!, how much, as at all.
great as. quid : (neut. of quis ) : what
quantuscumque quantacumque quantumcumque : quidam quaedam quedam quidam : a certain
however great person or thing, / kind of.
quantuslibet : as much as you will, as great as you quidem : indeed, certainly, at least / ne ... quidem :
will. not ... even.
quantuvis : as great as you please, however great. quies quietis : quiet, rest, peace.
quapropter : wherefore. quilibet : anyone, anything.
quare : wherefore, why, because of which thing. quin etiam : why even, in fact, moreover.
quartus : fourth. quin : but come now, rather, indeed,
quarum : (fem. pl. gen.) their envy and jealousy, OF quinam quaenam quenam quodnam : which?
WHICH we know. what?
quas : (fem. pl. acc.) the fates, against whom he quingenti : five hundred.
struggled quinquennis : five years old.
quasi : as if, just as, just as if, as it were / a sort of quippe : certainly, to be sure, indeed, of course.
quassatio : a shaking. quisnam, quidnam : who, what.
quasso : to shake violently, shake to pieces, break, quisquam : anyone, anything.
shatter.. quisque : each one, each person.
quatenus / quatinus : since, as, in order that, that. quisquis : whoever, whatever, whatsoever, anything
quatenus / quatinus : how far, to what extent, where, at all.
seeing that. quo : to which place, to what place, whither, where.
quater : four times / again and again. quo : (masc. sing. abl.) (the money) BY means of
quattuor : four (indecl.) WHICH he lived.
quem : (masc. sing. acc.) (the man), WHOM the king quo : (neut. sing. abl.) (the eagerness) THROUGH
struck. WHICH he died.
quemadmodum : how, in what manner. quod : because, whereas, the point that, the fact that.
queo : to be able. quod : (with time) since, as far as, to the extent that.
quercetum : an oak grove, and oak forest. quod : (beginning sentence) and, but, now.
quercus : oak tree. quod : (neut. sing. acc.) (the sea), WHICH you
quereia querella : complaint, complaining. cannot drink dry.
queribundus : complaining, plaintive, whining. quod : (neut. sing. nom.) (the war), WHICH killed so
querimonia : complaint, a charge in court. many.
queritor : to complain excessively, whine, gripe. quodammodo : in a certain way, in a certain
quernus : oaken. measure.
queror : to complain, lament, bewail (dogs) whine, quomodo : in what manner, how / in whatever way,
whimper. somehow.
querulus : complaining, whining, lamenting. quondam : formerly, once, at one time, erstwhile.
qui quae que quod : which, what, that. quoniam : since, whereas, because.
qui : (masc. pl. nom.) Let THOSE (men) WHO have quoque : also, too.
eyes to see ... quorum : (neut. pl. gen.) dangers, OF WHICH there
qui : (masc. neut. nom.) (the prince) WHO loved a were not a few.
milkmaid quorum : (masc. pl. gen.) the army, half OF WHICH
quia : because. was ill.
quibus : (neut. pl. abl.) the arms WITH WHICH he quos : (masc. pl. acc.) those WHOM he accused of
won Rome. treachery.
quibus : (fem. pl. dat.) the good fortune, TO WHICH quot : how many, as many (indecl.).
he owed his crown. quotiens : often.
quibus : (neut. pl. dat.) the crimes FOR WHICH he quotienscumque : however often.
was executed. quovis : to whatever place you will.
 regius : royal, regal.
R regnum : rule, authority, kingdom, realm.
rego rexi rectum : to guide, direct, to rule.
radicitus : by the roots, utterly. regula : rule / monastic rule.
rapio rapui ratum : to seize, snatch, carry away. relaxo : to loosen, enlarge, relax, ease, lighten.
rarus : rare, uncommon. relego relegi relectum : to read again, re-read.
ratio : system, manner, method, procedure, manner. relevo : to lift again, lighten, alleviate, relieve.
ratio : reckoning, account / reason, judgment, relictus : (fr. relinquo) having inherited, been
consideration. bequeathed.
re vera : in truth. relinquo : to leave behind, bequeath / abandon,
recedo : to go back, retreat, retire, disappear. forsake.
recipio recepi receptum : to go back, retire, recede, reliquum : remainder, what is left, leavings.
retreat. relucesco : to become bright again.
recito : to read aloud, recite. reluctor : to struggle against, resist.
recognosco : to recognize, recollect, recall. remando : to send back word.
recolo : to recall, reflect upon, rework, resume, remaneo : to stay behind, remain, continue.
rehabilitate. remaneo : to remain behind, stay, continue.
recolo : to cultivate, work again, resume, rehabilitate rememdium : cure, remedy, nostrum, medicine.
recolo : reflect upon, consider, recall. removeo : to draw back, set aside, take away.
reconcilio : to restore, repair / (of persons) unite, remuneror : to repay, reward.
reconcile. renuntio : to declare, announce, report, give notice.
recondo : lay up, store, hoard. renuo : to deny, refuse, reject.
recordatio : recollection, memory, recall. rependo : to ransom, pay back, requite.
recordor : to remember, think of, recollect, ponder repens : sudden, unexpected, fresh, recent.
over. repente : suddenly, unexpectedly.
recro : to recreate, restore, revive. repere : to crawl.
rectum : virtue, right reperio : to get again, find, ascertain, discover,
rectus : right, correct, proper, upright, natural, plain. invent.
recuperatio : recovery, recuperation. repetitio : repetition.
recupero : to regain, recoup, recover. repeto : to seek again, ask back.
recuso : to refuse. repeto : to return to, begin again, deduce, recall,
redarguo : refute, disprove, contradict. recollect.
redarguo : disprove, refute. With gen. prove guilty, repleo : to replenish, fill up, fill up again, fill, satisfy.
convict. repletus : filled, full.
reddo : to repeat, recite, represent, imitate, pay up, repo repsi reptum : to creep, crawl.
deliver. repono : to deposit, lay up, store / requite.
reddo : to give back, restore, return, answer, reprehendo : to blame, reprove, refute, hold back,
translate, render. check, catch.
redemptio : ransoming, redemption, buying back, repugno : to fight against, oppose, resist / be
farming taxes. incompatible with.
redemptor : redeemer (Christ). requiesco requievi requietum : to rest.
redeo : to go back, come back, return / (revenue) to requiro : to ask for, look for, demand, desire, miss.
come in. res rei : thing, matter, business, affair.
redeo : to fall back upon, be reduced to, be brought res publica : commonwealth, state, republic, public
to. business.
redigo (redactum) : to bring or reduce to a resisto : to resist, make a stand, oppose.
condition, lessen. respicio : to look back, provide for, respect, have
redono : to give back, give up. regard for.
reduco : to lead back, bring back, return. respondeo respondi responsum : to answer, reply,
redundantia : overflowing, redundancy. respond.
redundo : to overflow, stream over, overflow, excess, restituo : restore, put back, replace, reinstate, repair.
flood. resumo (resumpsi, resumptum) : to renew, repeat,
refectorium : refectory, monastic mess hall. resume.
refero : to bring back a message, refer. retineo : to hold back, restrain, detain, keep,
reformo : to form again, mould anew. maintain.
regina : queen. retraho retraxi retractum : to draw back, pull back.
retribuo : to give again, give as due. Sanctus Eleutherius : St. Eligius.
reus : defendant, accused, answerable, bound. Sanctus Egidius : St. Gilles.
revenio : to come back, return. sanctus : holy, sacred, / saint.
reverto : to go back, return, revert. Sanctus Rodoenus : St. Ouen.
revertor reverti reversus : to return, come back. sane : rationally, sensibly, really, indeed, to be sure.
revoco : to call back, recover, refer, revoke. sanitas : health, soundness of mend, sanity.
revolvo : to unroll a book, go over again, repeat. sano : to heal.
rex rgis : king. Santiago : St. James.
rhetor : rhetorician, teacher of rhetoric. sanus : sound, healthy, sane.
rhetoricus : rhetorical. sapiens : (subs.) a wise man, philosopher.
rideo risi risum : to laugh at, laugh. sapiens : wise, judicious.
rigor : stiffness, hardness, sternness. sapienter : wisely, judiciously.
ritus : usage, ceremony, rite. sapientia : wisdom.
rogo eum ut +subjunctive : to ask someone to do sarcina : bundle, pack, burden, load.
something. satago : to pay a creditor, satisfy a creditor.
rogo : to ask, ask for. satago : have one's hands full, have enough to do.
rostrum : bill of a bird, beak. satio : to satisfy, sate.
rota : wheel. satis : enough, sufficient / sufficiently.
Rotomagense : Rouen. sato : to sow, plant.
rotundus : wheel-shaped, round. satura : satire.
rubor : redness, blush, modesty, shame, disgrace. saturo : to fill, satisfy.
rudimentum : trial, attempt, essay. scaber : scabby, rough.
rumor : rumor, gossip. scabies : the itch, mange, a rash.
ruo rui rutum : to rush, fall, be ruined. Scaldus : Scheldt.
rursus : on the other hand, in return, back, again. scamnum : bench, stool.
rus ruris : the country, countryside, rural area. scaphium (sciphus : Herimann, cap. 24) pot, bowl,
rusticus : rustic, rural / peasant. drinking vessel
sceleratus : wicked, accursed, infamous, criminal.
scelero : to pollute with guilt, with blood, etc.
S scelestus : wicked, accursed, infamous, criminal.
scelus sceleris : crime, sin, evil deed, wickedness.
sabbatum : sabbath. schola : school / elite troop of soldiers.
sacculus : purse, little bag, little sack. scientia : knowledge, science, skill.
sacrificum : sacrifice. scilicet : evidently, certainly, of course, no doubt,
sacrilegus : sacrilegious, impious. assuredly.
saepe sepe : hedge, fence, enclosure, haye. scindo : to cut, rend, split, divide, separate.
saepe sepe : often, frequently, repeatedly. scio scivi scitum : to know.
saepenumero : repeated, again and again. scio : to know, understand.
saepius sepius : often, frequently, repeatedly. scio : to know, understand.
saeta : hair. scisco : investigate, ask, inquire / vote, ordain,
saeta equina : horse-hair. resolve.
saevio : to rage, be furious, take violent action. scribo, scripsi scriptum : to write, compose.
sal salis : salt, wit. scrinium : bookcase, case for papers.
salsus : salty, witty. scriptor : writer, author, scribe.
saltem : at least, at all events. se habere : to keep oneself.
salus : health, safety, well-being, salvation / se gero : to conduct oneself, conduct, carry on.
salutation. se astringo : to commit oneself to.
saluto : to wish well, greet, visit, reverence, pay secedo : to go apart, withdraw.
respect to. secerno secrevi secretum : to separate.
salutor : visitor, caller. secundum : (adv.) after, behind.
salveo : to be well, be in good health. secundum : (+ inf.), following, after, during,
salvus : safe, sound. according to.
sanctifico : to sanctify, make holy. secundus : second.
sanctimonia : purity, charity, virtue, sanctity, securus : safe, secure, free from care, unworried,
sacredness. unconcerned.
sanctimonialis : nun. secus : non secus, haud secus: just so.
secus : otherwise, not so. siligo -inis : wheat, wheat flour.
secus + atque or quam : differently from, otherwise silva : woods, forest.
than. similis : similar, like, resembling.
secus : wrongly, badly, not as one would wish. similitudo : likeness, resemblance / uniformity.
secuutus : follower, pursuer. simplex : simple, unaffected.
sed : but / and indeed, what is more. simul atque : as soon as.
sedeo sedi sessum : to sit. simul : at once, at the same time, together.
seditio : dissension, quarrel, insurrection, mutiny, simulatio : pretense,
rising. sine : (+ abl.) without.
sedo : to settle, smooth, calm, allay. singularis : alone, unique, extraordinary, individual,
seductor : seducer. singular.
semel : a single time, for the first time, even once, singuli : one each, one apiece, single, separate.
once, ever. singultim : stammeringly.
semper : always, ever. singultus : sobbing, gasping.
senectus : old age, dotage. singultus : sobbing, death rattle.
senex senis : old, aged, old man. singulus : single, separate, one at a time, one each.
sensus : feeling, sense. sino : allow, suffer, permit, let.
sententia : opinion, thought, way of thinking, siquidem : since, indeed
meaning, purpose. sitio : to be thirsty.
sentio : to judge, suppose, vote. sitis : thirst, dryness, drought, eager desire.
sentio : feel, perceive, experience, hold an opinion, sive seu : or if.
seorsum : apart, separately. socer : father in law.
sepelio : to ruin, destroy, bury. socius : sharing, associated, allied.
septem : seven. socius : partner, comrade, associate, ally, fellow.
sepulchrum : grave, tomb, sepulcher. sodalitas : fellowship, companionship, secret society.
seputus : buried, sunk, immersed. sol solis : sun.
sequax : following, attending, pursuing. soleo : to be accustomed, be used to.
sequor sequi secutus : to follow, trail. solio : ? Herimann, cap. 28.
serio : seriously. solitudo solitudinis : loneliness, solitude.
serius : serious, grave, solemn. solium : chair of state, throne / bath-tub.
sermo : talk, common talk, rumor, report, discussion. sollers : clever, skillful.
sermo : discussion, talk, common talk, conversation, sollicito : to stir up, incite, arouse.
rumor. sollicitudo : uneasiness, anxiety, disquiet,
sero : to sow, plant. also, late, at a late hour. apprehension.
servio : (+ dat.) to be a slave to, serve. sollicitudo : concern, anxiety, solicitude, worry.
servitus : servitude, slavery. sollicitus : uneasy, worried, anxious, restless,
servo : to watch over, keep, protect, observe, save, agitated.
reserve. sollicitus : troubled, anxious, concerned, worried.
servus : slave, serf. solum : land, country, soil, ground / bottom, floor,
sese : =se : himself, herself, itself. foundation.
severitas : severity, rigor, sternness, strictness. solum : non solum ... sed etiam : not only ... but
si : if. also.
sibimet : to them themselves. solum : (adv) alone, only.
sic : so, thus / yes, that is so, that is right. solus : alone, only, the only.
siccus : dry, thirsty / sober, temperate. solutio : loosening / payment / solution / explanation.
Siclinium : Seclin. solvo : to loosen, untie, release, free, dissolve, break
Siclinium : Seclin in Melanchois. up.
sicut : as, just as, as it were, (+verb in subj.) just as somniculosus : sleepy, drowsy
if. somniculouse : sleepily, drowsily.
sidus : constellation, star. somnio : to dream / (+ acc.) to dream of, imagine
signum : sign, seal, indication, sign. foolishly.
silens : silent, still somnium : dream, fancy, day-dream / foolishness,
silenti etc : the dead. nonsense.
silentium : silence, stillness, quiet, repose, obscurity. somnus : sleep.
silentium : (religion) faultlessness, perfection. sonitus : noise, sound.
sileo : to be still, silent / (+ acc.) be silent about / rest. sono : to make a noise / sing / celebrate / (of words)
to mean. sublime : on high, aloft.
sophismata : false conclusions, logical fallacies. subnecto : to bind on beneath, to tie.
sopor : deep sleep. subseco : to cut away, pare
sordeo : to be dirty, appear vile. subsequor : to follow after
sordes : filth, meanness, stinginess. substantia : substance, essence, means of
sordesco : to become dirty. subsistence, property.
sortitus : casting lots, deciding by lot. subvenio : to come up to aid, relieve.
spargo sparsi sparsum : scatter, strew, spread. subvenio : to come to the aid, succor, relieve, help,
speciosus : beautiful, handsome, imposing / specious assist.
plausible. succedo : to approach, submit, etc. etc.
spectaculum : spectacle, show. succendo : to kindle, set afire from below.
specto : to look at, watch, see. successio : succeeding, succession, descent,
speculum : mirror. descendant.
specus : cave, cavern, grotto, den. succurro : to run up under / aid, assist, help.
sperno sprevi spretum : to scorn, despise, spurn. sufficio : to be sufficient, suffice, be enough.
spero : to hope for, hope. suffoco : to strangle, choke, suffocate.
spes : hope. suffragium : vote, franchise / approval support, aid,
spiculum : sharp point, sting, spear, dart. assistance.
spiritus : breath, breathing / life / spirit. suggero : to bring up, supply, provide, add, attach.
spoliatio : plundering, looting, stripping, robbing. place next.
spolio : to strip, plunder, despoil, rob, loot sui : himself, herself, itself.
spolium : spoils, plunder, booty. sulum : each, every.
sponte : willingly, of one's own accord, unaided. sum fui futurus : to be, exist.
St. Richarius : St. Riquier. summa : the highest part / whole, sum.
stabilis : firm, stable, steadfast. summisse : humbly, softly, calmly, modestly.
stabilitas : firmness, stability, durability. summissus (from summitto) : let down, lowered,
Stabulaus : Stavelot. gentle, mild.
statim : firmly, steadfastly, on the spot, at once, summopere : very much, exceedingly.
immediately. sumo : to take, choose, obtain, buy. / take for granted,
statua : statue. assume.
statuo : to give a ruling, make an arrangement, sumptus : expense, cost.
decide. supellex supellectilis : furniture, apparatus, gear.
statuo : to cause to stand, establish, place, set up. super : (prep.) (+ abl.) over, above / concerning,
stella : star. about, besides.
stillicidium : dripping moisture, rainwater from the super : (adv.) over, above, besides, beyond,
eaves. moreover, remaining.
stipes, itis : log, tree-trunk, branch, post, club, superbia : pride, arrogance.
blockhead. superbus : overbearing, arrogant, haughty, proud.
stipes : log, stump, tree trunk, branch, post, club. superficies : surface, top.
stips, stipis : small coin, gift. superfluo : flow over, overflow, be superfluous.
sto, steti, statum : to stand, stand still, stand firm. superna : northeast by north wind.
strenuus : brisk, active, vigorous / turbulent, restive. superne : from above, above.
strues : piles, heaps, masses. supernus : above, superior.
studio : (+ dat.) to study, pursue eagerly, be eager supero : to be above, have the upper hand, surpass,
for. conquer, overcome.
studiose : eagerly. supersum : to be superfluous, to remain.
studium : eagerness, zeal. superus superior supremus or summus : above,
stultus : foolish / a fool. upper, high.
suadeo : to recommend, advise (a person) supervacuus : superfluous, unnecessary, extra :
suasoria : persuasive discourse. supervenio : to arrive, come up, arrive unexpectedly.
sub : (+ acc. or dat.) under, up under, close to, suppellex suppellectilus : ornaments.
beneath, below. suppellex suppellectilus : household articles,
subito : adv. suddenly, unexpectedly. furniture, goods.
subitus : sudden, unexpected. supplanto : to trip up.
subiungo : to yoke beneath, join, attach, subdue, supplex : kneeling, entreating, suppliant.
subjugate. supplicium : punishment.
suppono subpono : to put under, subject / put next to, tempero : (+abl. or with ab) to keep from, refrain
add. from.
suppono subpono : to put in place of, substitute, tempero : (+ dat.) to control, use with moderation,
forge. spare,
supra : (+ acc.) above. tempestas : storm, weather.
surculus : shoot, sprout. Templovium : Templeuve, villa near Cisoing.
surgo surrexi surrectum : to get up arise. templum : sacred precinct, temple, sometimes
sursum : upwards, sursum deorsum : up and down. church.
suscipio : to raise up, maintain, support, accept, temptatio : trial, temptation.
receive, undertake. tempus temporis : time.
suscito : to stir up, arouse, excite. tenax : grasping, stingy, clinging, frugal, obstinate.
suspendo suspendi suspensum : to suspend, hang. tendo : to direct, try, attempt, stretch, extend, present,
sustineo : to hold up, sustain, endure. give.
suus sua suum : (refl. poss. adj.) his, her, its, their tendo : to direct one's course, tend, make or head for.
own. teneo : to keep on, persist, persevere, endure.
synagoga : synagogue. teneo : to hold, keep, possess, maintain.
teneo : to grasp, know, understand.
tener tenera tenerum : tender, delicate, soft, young.
T tenuis : thin, slight, feeble, slim, slender.
tenus : prep. With abl. as far as, up to, to, down to.
tabella : writing tablet. tenus : (after a name in abl. or gen.) up to, down to as
tabellae : letter, document. far as.
tabernus : booth, hut, cottage, hove, small shop, inn, tepesco : to cool, grow lukewarm, decrease.
tavern. tepidus : warm, luke-warm, tepid
tabesco : to melt, waste away, pine, be spoiled. ter : three times, thrice.
tabgo tetigi tactum : to touch. terebro : to bore through, perforate.
tabula : board, plank, gaming board, painted panel. teres : rounded, polished, smooth, fine, elegant.
taceo tacuitacitum : to be silent, leave unmentioned. terga dare : to flee, retreat, run away.
tactus : sense of feeling, touch. tergeo tergo tersi tersum : to wipe, scour, clean
taedium, tedium : disgust, weariness, boredom. tergiversatio : backwardness, reluctance, evasion.
talio, -onis : retribution. tergo (a tergo ) : in the rear, from behind
talis : of such a kind, such. tergum : skin, hide
talus : the ankle, ankle bone,. tergum : back, rear.
tam ... quam : as ... as possible. tergus : the back / skin, hide, leather.
tam : to such a degree, so, so far. termes : a tree branch (especially olive).
tamdiu : for such a long time. terminatio : termination, determination, setting of
tamen : notwithstanding, nevertheless, yet, still, for boundaries.
all that. termino : restrict, define, close, set a limit to.
tametsi : even if, although. terminus : a boundary mark, limit, end, border.
tamisium : sieve, sifter (Herimann, p. 308). tero trivi tritum : to rub, wear out.
tamquam tanquam : as, just as, like as, just as if. terra : earth, ground, land, country, soil.
tandem : adv. at last, finally. terreo : to frighten, terrify, scare away, deter.
tantillus : so little, so small. territo : to scare, frighten, intimidate.
tantum : only. terror : fright, fear, terror.
tantummodo : only just, just so long as. tersus : clean, neat, correct.
tantus : so large, so great, of such a size. tertius : third.
tardus : slow, late, tardy. testimonium : proof, evidence, witness, indication.
Taruennam : The Rouanne. testis : one who gives evidence, witness, spectator /
te : (abl.) you / no one's sweeter than YOU. testicle.
te : (acc.) you / I got YOU, babe. texo : to weave, twine together, plait, construct, build.
tego texi tectum : to cover, bury, conceal, hide, texo : the main verb for weaving of cloth.
protect, shield. textilis : woven fabric, piece of cloth.
temeritas : rashness, temerity. textor textrix : weaver.
temperantia : moderation, self-control, temperance. textus : woven cloth, web.
tempero : to mix properly, temper, regulate, mitigate. thalassinus : sea-green.
tempero : be moderate, control oneself. theatrum : theater.
theca : case, envelope, covering. triginta : (inedl.) thirty.
thema thematis : theme. tripudio : to leap, jump, dance (as in a religious
thema : subject, topic, theme. procession).
theologus : theologian. tristis : sad, gloomy, downcast.
thermae : warm springs, warm baths. Trium Fontium : Trois-Fontaines, Marne, Vitry-le-
thesaurus : treasure, horde / store-room, treasury. Francais.
thesis : proposition, thesis. triumphus : triumphal procession, triumph.
thorax : breastplate trucido : to kill cruelly, slay, butcher, massacre,
thymbra : the herb savory. slaughter.
thymum : the herb thyme. truculenter : (adv.) wildly, savagely, fiercely, cruelly,
tibi: (dat.) you / I can't give YOU anything but love, roughly
baby. tu : you / Old Heidelberg, you are the finest.
timeo : to fear, be afraid, dread. tubineus : cone shaped
timidus : fearful, timid. tui : your yours / I read YOUR letter that said, dear
timor : fear, dread, object causing fear. John.
titulus : label, title, placard. tum : at that time, then / thereupon, in the next place.
tolero : to tolerate, bear, endure, sustain. tumultus : uprising, disturbance, riot, tumult.
tollo sustuli sublatum : to lift up, raise, elevate, tumulus : mound, grave, heap of earth.
carry away. tunc : then, at that time.
tondeo totondi tonsum : shave, shear, clip, mow, Tungris : Tongres.
reap, browse. turba : uproar, disturbance / mob, crowd, multitude.
tonsor : barbar. turbatio : disturbance, confusion.
Tornacense : Tournai. turbatus : angered, exasperated / disturbed, restless,
torqueo : to twist, curl, rack, torture, torment, distort, troubled.
test. turbo, onis : hurricane. tornado, that which spins
torrens : rushing, seething, burning, parched / a turbo : to disturb, upset, throw into disorder, confuse,
torrent. unsettle.
tot : (indecl.) so many. turpe : a disgrace.
totidem : just as many. turpis : foul, ugly, disgraceful, morally corrupt.
toties, toties : so often, so many times. tutamen tutaminis : defense, protection
toties, totiens : so many times, so often. tutis : protected, safe, secure.
toties : often, so many times. tyrannus : tyrant, absolute ruler.
totus : whole, entire, complete, all.
tracto : to drag, handle / treat, discuss, deal with.
trado tradidi traditum : surrender / hand over / U
transmit, teach.
traho traxi tractum : to drag, pull / derive, get. uberrime : most luxuriantly, most abundantly, most
Traiectensium : Utrecht. fruitfully.
Traiectum : Maastricht. ubi : when, as soon as / wherein, whereby, whereas.
trans : (+ acc.) across. ulciscor : to take vengeance for, avenge / take
transeo : to go over, pass over, cross over, go past. vengeance on.
transfero transtuli translatum : carry across, ullus : any.
transfer, convey. ulterius : farther, more advanced, more remote.
transmitto : to send, carry, or convey across. ultio ultionis : avenging, punishment, revenge.
tredecim : (indecl.) thirteen ultra : (+ acc.) : farther (than), more (than).
Trellum : Tre Blon, castle in Hannonia. ultra : (+ acc.) beyond, on the far side of.
tremo : to tremble, shake, shudder. umbra : shade, shadow.
trepide : with trepidation, in confusion, umerus humerus : shoulder, upper arm.
tres tria : three. umquam : ever, at any time.
Treverim : Triers. una : (adv.) in one, together.
tribuo : to give out, divide, allot, assign, grant, give, unde : whence, from where / how, from whom.
allow. undique : from all sides, everywhere, on all sides,
tricesimus : thirtieth. altogether.
triduana : lasting three days. universe : generally, in general.
triduanus : three days' duration, lasting three days. universi : all together.
triduum : a period of three days. universitas : the whole, total, universe, world /
university. velociter: quickly, rapidly, swiftly.
universum : universe, the world. velox : quick, rapid, swift, fast.
universus : combined in one, whole, entire. velum : sail, covering, awning, curtain.
unus : one, only one, at the same time / single, alone. velut : adv. just as, like, even as.
urbanus : urban, urbane, pertaining to the city. Vendolius : Vendeuil.
urbs urbis : city. venia : grace, indulgence, favor, pardon, forgiveness.
uredo : a plant blight. venio veni ventum : to come.
us : foreign, acquired. ventito : to come often, to visit frequently.
usitas : customary, usual. ventosus : full of wind, windy, breezy.
usque : all the way, up (to), even (to). ventus : wind, rumor, favor.
ustilo : to burn (Herimannn, p. 308). ventus : wind.
ustulo : to burn, scorch, singe. venustas : loveliness, charm, attractiveness, beauty.
usus : use, experience, skill, advantage. ver, veris : spring, the production of spring.
ut : (+ subj.) (result) so that, that. verbera : (in pl.) blows, a beating, thrashing.
ut : (+ subj.) (purpose) in order that, to, that. verbum : word.
ut : (+ indic.) when, as. vere : truly, really, actually, rightly.
ut : (+ subj.) (command) to, that. verecundia : feeling of shame, shame, bashfulness.
uter utrius : either of the two vereor : to respect, fear, be in dread of, to be afraid.
uterque : (gen. utriusque) both, each side, each party. vergo : to bend, incline, verge, to draw to an end.
Uticensium : Evroul. veritas : truth.
utilis : useful, advantageous, helpful. Vernandense : Vermandois.
utilitas : utility, usefulness. vero : in truth, indeed, to be sure / however.
utique : at any rate, certainly, at least. versus : line, verse.
utor uti usus : to use, employ, possess, enjoy / verto : to turn, turn around, turn up / to put to flight,
associate with, find. rout.
utpote : seeing that, inasmuch as. verto : to flee / interpret, understand / upset,
utpote : adv. namely, seeing that, inasmuch as, since. overthrow.
utrimque : from both sides, on both sides. verumtamen verumptamen : notwithstanding,
utroque : to both sides, in both directions / at each nevertheless.
point. verus : true, real, proper, right.
utrum : whether. vesco, vescor : to feed, to eat.
utrum ... an : whether ... or. vesica : bladder, bladder-like tumor.
uxor : wife, spouse. vesper : evening star, evening.
vespera : evening prayer, vespers.
vespillo : undertaker.
V vester vestra vestrum : (pl.) your, yours.
vestigium : footstep, trace, mark.
vaco : to be free from work, of a master, of property. vestio vestivi vestitum : to clothe.
vacuus : empty, devoid of, free from. vestis : clothing, garment, covering, blanket, carpet,
vado : go, hasten, rush. tapestry.
vae : (interj.), woe, alas, woe to. vestrum vestri : your yours / you make sing about
valde : intensely, very much, extremely, greatly YOUR pretty gals.
valens : strong, powerful, healthy / able, worthwhile. vetus : old.
valeo valui valiturus : to be strong, have power, be via : road, way, street.
well. vicinus : neighbor / (med.) resident.
valetudo : health. good health, bad health. vicissitudo: change, alteration.
validus : strong, mighty, powerful, exceeding. victor : victor, winner.
vallum : palisade, earthen wall, entrenchment, victoria : victory.
rampart. victus : living, manner of life / nourishment, food.
vapulus : flogged, beaten, knocked about. videlicet : it is clear / (adv.) clearly, plainly, namely.
varietas : variety, differences, diversity. videlicet : (adv.) (ironically) of course, to be sure.
varius : various, varied. video vidi visum : to see, observe, understand,
vehemens : violent, furious, impetuous. comprehend.
vehementer : violently, forcefully, strongly, videor : to be seen, seem, appear.
exceedingly. viduata : deprived, widowed, bereft.
vel : or, (adv.) even, actually, for example. viduo : to deprive
vigilo : to be awake, watch, be vigilant / to keep vigil. volubiliter : fluently.
vigor : vigor, liveliness. voluntarius : voluntary.
vilicus, villicus : pertaining to an estate, overseer, voluntas : wish, will, inclination / good will.
steward. voluntas : last will, testament / meaning, sense.
vilis : cheap, worth little. volup : agreeably, pleasantly.
vilitas : cheapness, low-price, worthlessness. voluptarius : pleasant, one devoted to pleasure.
villa : country house, country estate / (med.) manor, voluptas : pleasure.
village. voluptuosus : delightful, pleasurable.
vinco vici victum : conquer, overcome, master, win, volutabrum : pigsty, slough.
surpass, excel. volva vulva : womb (particularly that of a sow).
vinculum : bond, fetter, tie. vomer : plowshare.
vindico (vindicatum) : claim, arrogate, assume, vomica : ulcer, sore, boil / plague, curse.
appropriate. vomito : to vomit, vomit forth, throw up.
vindico : to liberate, deliver / punish, avenge / claim, vorago : chasm, pit, abyss.
assume. vorax : gluttonous, voracious.
vindico : to avenge, punish, liberate, deliver, protect. voro : to eat greedily, swallow up, consume, gorge
vinitor : vine-dresser (a man who prunes grape oneself.
vines). vos : (acc.) you / I'll fight YOU all, then ... bring me
vinum : wine. giants!
vir : man, hero, man of courage. vos : you (pl) / YOU can't catch me, i'm the
virga : a green twig, rod, stick, wand, broom, streak, gingerbread man.
stripe. votum : prayer, wish, desire / promise to God.
virgo : maiden, virgin, young girl. voveo vovi votum : to promise to God, vow, pray for.
viridis : green. vox vocis : voice, word / (med.) power, right,
viriliter : manfully. authority.
virtus : manliness, excellence, character, worth, vulariter : in the common way, ordinary manner.
courage. vulgaris : common, ordinary, usual.
vis : (sing.) violence / a large number, quantity, a vulgivagus : wandering, vagrant, itinerant.
force / nature vulgo : to spread, publish, impart, make accessible.
vis vires : (pl.) force, power, strength, might, vulgus : the common people, mob, rabble.
influence. vulnero : to wound, injure, hurt, harm.
viscus : flesh, internal organs, bowels, entrails, heart. vulnus : wound.
vita : life, way of life. vulpes volpes : fox.
vitiosus : vicious, full of vice, corrupt. vulticulus : look, aspect, appearance.
vitium : fault, vice, crime. vultuosus : grimacing, affected.
vito : to avoid, shun. vultur voltur vulturius volturius : vulture.
vivo vixi victum : to live, be alive. vultus : the face.
vix : scarcely, hardly, with difficulty, barely. vultus : expression of the face, countenance, look,
vobis : (abl.) you / who knows more than YOU? I do! aspect.
vobis : (dat.) you / I'm talkin' to YOU, yeah, talkin'
'bout Cindy.
vociferor : to cry aloud, shout. W
voco in dubium: to call into question.
voco : to call, summon, name invite. Werumensium : Wittewierum.
volaticus : winged, flying / inconstant, unreliable /
flighty.
volatilis: winged, flying / swift, rapid / fleeting, X
transitory.
volens : willing, favorable. xiphias : sword-fish.
volo (sibi velle) : to mean, signify, denote.
volo : to fly, speed, move rapidly.
volo : to wish, want, will, ordain, suppose, maintain
that, be willing.
volubilis : (of speech) rapid, fluent, voluble.
volubilis : rolling, revolving, turning around /
changeable, inconstant.