La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile

2014

LA TRINIDAD
SOCIO-ECONOMIC & PHYSICAL PROFILE
20141

I. BRIEF HISTORY

Pre-Spanish Era2

La Trinidad was well-cultivated with rice, sweet potatoes, gabi, and sugar cane by its original settlers.

The natives of La Trinidad were generally Ibaloys who trace their ancestry to the
Kalanguya Tribe (forest people) of Tinek, Ifugao, who, due to the need to survive in a
less hostile environment in different waves and paths of migration, followed mountain
ranges or the course of rivers and then finding a suitable environment, usually along
the river, or an open clearing, settled in Kabayan, Itogon, Tuba, Atok, Kafagway
(Baguio) and La Trinidad. Finding earlier settlers in those areas these travellers then
mingled with the former and through intermarriage, settled among them.
They maintained swidden farms along the hillsides, carved rice terraces along the mountain slopes along
rivers, creeks and streams and rice fields in the marshy valley. The villagers’ pasturelands or estancia
were located in the hillsides where herds of cattle and horses grazed. In their backyards, the natives
domesticated animals such as pigs, chicken and dogs.
As the Cordilleras was mainly left undiscovered by the Spanish colonizers, small settlements in the area
were found by the Spaniards.
Highest in the social strata are the wealthy or bacnang and the mambunong (local priest). Wealth was
measured by ownership of land and cattle where redistribution of wealth was done by holding
prestigious feasts or peshit.
Religion was based on the belief in a supreme being called the Kabunian. Prayers were done during
rituals and festivities. Rituals were based largely on agriculture. Cañaos or festivities were accompanied
by chants (ba-dew) and dance with the gongs (gansa) and drums (solibao) as the basic musical
instruments.

Spanish Period

The name “Benguet” was once limited to the area of what is now the La Trinidad Valley. Benguet is a
native term which refers to a lake where water does not drain, referring to the former swamp area
where no natural drain existed. The first account of La Trinidad was when Don Q.M. Quirante saw its
beautiful valley in 1624. More than a century later, in search for gold, Spanish explorers led by Galvey
discovered the valley in 1829.

But the Ibalois did not receive the Spaniards gladly, they threw their spears and stood up for a battle,
but they were outnumbered. It took some time, in 1846, when La Trinidad was considered pacified,
as Galvey passed through the area more than 10 times, burning the natives’ houses every time there
was resistance. By the time, they established a Spanish government; the people had already left the
valley to the outskirts of La Trinidad where they could more or less enjoy their much wanted
freedom.

1
Prepared by the Research & Evaluation Section, Municipal Planning & Development Office, 2015. All data are based on 2014
data unless otherwise stated.
2
Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development Protection Plan Draft. May 2006.

1
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

La Trinidad is so named after her discoverer, Lt. Col. Guillermo Galvey’s beautiful wife, in April 21,
1874 when Commandant Manuel Scheidnagel arrives in Benguet and names the capital in the so-
called Benguet Valley, La Trinidad. (Scott, 1975).

Relatively the most developed settlement in the Benguet area, La Trinidad served as the gateway
from the southern lowlands into the mountain region and the center of administration to the
Spaniards. The principal vegetable produced by the people then consisted of kamoteng kahoy,
camote, gabi, beans and tomatoes. Rice was grown only to make “tapey” or rice wine which was
used for ceremonial purposes in the cañao. The Spaniards brought in corn, coffee and good tobacco.
Much of its people’s cultural activities were curtailed during this time even as their efforts to convert
the Igorots to Christianity were futile. The general picture during the Spanish rule was of forced
labor, beatings, cruelties and exorbitant taxation.

1624 : Don M. Quirante, a Spanish explorer found a large and prosperous community
thriving around a lake inhabited by Ibalois. La Trinidad Valley was originally called
“Benguet”

1829 : Lt. Col. Guillermo Galvey and his men during his first expedition to Benguet were
attacked by brave and armed Igorots from a population of 500 houses; their
number was reduced to 100 due to resistance and a white pox epidemic.

1846 : The District of Benguet is established, paving for the actual occupation of Benguet
Valley (La Trinidad).

1852 : Trinidad served as the capital of the administrative territory of Benguet during the
Spanish Era, Galvey established the Commandancia Politico–Militares de Benguet
composed of 31 Commandancia. Its headquarters was located at present-day,
Puguis. Galvey notes that the “Igorot attitude towards the European is one of
reluctance such that only a few Christian Converts lived near the five Spaniards & 20
lowlanders in La Trinidad” & many migrated into the interior.

April 21, 1874 : Commandant Manuel Scheidnagel names the capital in the so-called Benguet
Valley, La Trinidad, in honor of Galvey’s wife;

Revolutionary Period (1899 – 1900)

The Philippine insurrection of 1896 against the Spaniards reached Benguet by the midyear of 1899.
The Katipunan came to Benguet, united the Ibalois, looted and burned Spanish buildings at the
Commandancia and established the Benguet Province under the Government Republic of the
Philippines.

1892 : Total population was 887 dispersed in 18 barangays of La Trinidad

Late 1899’s : Through the leadership of Juan “Ora” Cariño, Mateo Carantes and Piraso, the
Ibalois rose at 500 strong men. With 500 other Katipuneros, they looted and
burned the Commandancia. The last Commandante fled for Bontoc.

1900 : La Trinidad continued to be the seat of government. Military Government was

established by virtue of Gen. Order # 43.

American Period (1900 – 1941)

Several social changes occurred during the American period. Freedom of religion was granted to the
indigenous Ibaloi people of La Trinidad. This enabled them to enjoy their old customs and traditions
without any inhibitions.

2
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

They were also granted suffrage and slavery was abolished. Education was introduced. The Americans
introduced both iron tools and vegetables. Private property was introduced. Political organizations
among the residents began to be organized. Labor began to be paid and money became an important
feature in the economic lives of the people.

Nov. 22, 1900 : Benguet became the first Phil. Civil Government set up by virtue of Phil. Comm. Act
No. 48 which provided for the Organization of the townships of Benguet making
Baguio its capital. H.P. Whitmarsh was appointed Civil Governor of Benguet;

1903 : Population is 267 persons;

1903- 1927 : A series of Executive Proclamations Reserving Parcels of Land for the Trinidad Farm
School. This led to the displacement of ancestral lands.

1905 : The Americans built a school at Poblacion made out of cogon;

1910 : An experimental farm school (now the Benguet State University) was established,
experimenting on the susceptibility of American vegetables such as cabbage,
lettuce, & strawberry;

1916 : An elementary school is established for grades 1 to 4;

1918 : The Dangwa Family builds a small transportation enterprise. From its original
Baguio – La Trinidad line, it extended to Acop, Kapangan, Bontoc, Ifugao and Tabuk
by the 1930’s. The population of La Trinidad is now 3,013;

1920’s : Pres. Manuel L. Quezon proclaimed public lands as school reservations;

Sept. 16, 1922 : The Communal Forests of La Trinidad are proclaimed by William Crosby;

1924 : The first school truck is available in La Trinidad with the improvement of the roads
around the valley;

1930 : Population of La Trinidad is 6,554;

Japanese Occupation (1941 – 1945)

Almost immediately upon occupation, the Japanese started their atrocious “Kempetai” where many
loyal Filipinos were imprisoned and pitilessly tortured. As Japanese atrocities increased through the
years, guerrilla activities intensified. After the war, La Trinidad was devastated. Roads had craterized
holes, houses and forests were burned, and farms became massive burial grounds.

Dec. 8, 1941 : Chaos breaks in La Trinidad as Camp John Hay was bombed;

Dec.27, 1941 : La Trinidad is declared an open city;

Oct. 6, 1942 : The merciless execution of Igorots triggered the guerrilla movement named ‘Bolo”
men so named because of their only weapons;

Oct. 15, 1942 : Through the leadership of Dennis Molintas and Bado Dangwa, they joined forces
with the US resistance troops and placed under the 66 th infantry, USAFEE-NL with
the motto, “Everywhere But Nowhere” and “Never Shall Invaders”;

May 4, 1945 : The liberation of La Trinidad occurred as the joint forces of the Americans and the
66th Infantry, USAFFE entered the valley after the brief battle.

3
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Contemporary Period (Post World War II to Present Day)

Reconstruction efforts immediately started after the war. La Trinidad started from a vegetable producer
to a producer of high-value crops, strawberry and cut flowers. From a sleepy town, it has emerged as
first class, urban municipality and the center for education, marketing and trading for the province of
Benguet.

1948 : Population is now 7,994;

June 16, 1950 : La Trinidad is a regular municipality by virtue of RA #531. The seat of the Municipal
Government is the present-day Justice Hill at Poblacion;

1960 : Population is now 12,415. Large- scale vegetable farming became evident. La
Trinidad became one of the leading vegetable-producing municipalities in the entire
country. Community Development efforts started;

June 18, 1966 : La Trinidad is made Provincial Capital of Benguet (RA # 4695, s .2, HB # 1526);

July 1, 1966 : La Trinidad ranked as a fourth class municipality as per Finance Dept. Order # 140.
The average annual income for 1963 to 1966 was P64,876.97;

April 1969 : The construction of the La Trinidad Municipal Hall started and inaugurated in
October 10, 1970;

1970’s : La Trinidad became known as the “Salad Bowl of the Philippines”;

1980 : Population is 28,713;

1980’s : Diversification from vegetable production to strawberry and cut flower production
started; Health, Population, and Rural Development Programs are initiated;

1981 : La Trinidad became a third class municipality;

March 18, 1981 : The first joint La Trinidad Patronal Town Fiesta and Strawberry Festival are
celebrated;

1982 : A one-storey public market is constructed, replacing the dilapidated one;

July 13, 1984 : La Trinidad Vegetable Trading Post construction is completed;

1986 – 1987 : The EDSA Revolution shakes the La Trinidad political scene with several Officers-in-
Charge placed in key political positions. Several development projects lined up
were scrapped;

July 1, 1986 : La Trinidad becomes a first class-C Municipality;

July 1, 1987 : Reclassification of La Trinidad to fifth class municipality as per Finance Department
Order 51 - 88. The average annual income from 1983-1986 was P2, 180,174.86;

1989 : Pres. Corazon Aquino proclaims June 16, 1989 as the “Municipality of La Trinidad
Day” under Proclamation No. 394;

1991 : The JICA-funded Highland Integrated Rural Development Project is completed. The
project consisted of irrigation facilities, rural roads, post-harvest facilities, domestic
water supply and village sewage facilities.

4
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

July 16, 1990 : La Trinidad Valley is devastated by an earthquake;

1990’s : La Trinidad is tagged as the “Strawberry Fields of the Philippines” and “Rose Capital
of the Philippines”, La Trinidad serves as the Trading Center for Benguet, Education
Center for Benguet and Seat of several Regional Offices,

July 1, 1991 : La Trinidad is reclassified as a fourth class municipality. Average income from 1983
to 1986 was P4,558,389.46;

Sept. 6, 1991 : Construction starts for the 2–storey new public market building and is completed in
1993 as part of the earthquake rehabilitation fund;

April 1993 : La Trinidad Panaspulan tan Pandansahan Summer Festival is launched. This continued
until 1997;

July 1, 1993 : La Trinidad is classified to a third class municipality as per Finance Department Order
35-93. Average Annual Income from 1989-1992 was P8, 036,000.00;

July 26, 1993 : RA 7672 declares June 16 as a special non-working holiday in La Trinidad;

May 13, 1997 : Reclassification of La Trinidad to a second class municipality as per Finance
Department MC-97-3 (13). Average annual income from 1992 – 1995 was P18,
805,161.61;

1998 : The JICA-funded new Benguet General Hospital is completed.

July 1998 : “Dugad Mo, Shalosim” starts a drive to clean Balili River and La Trinidad’s burgeoning
garbage problem. Development programs focuses on the efficient and effective
delivery of economic and social services;

March 18, 1999 : The La Trinidad Patronal Town Fiesta and Strawberry Festival are revived;

2000’s : Population reaches 67,963 with a very high average growth rate of 4.4%. The
vegetable industry feels the ill-effects of the opening up of the country’s economy
to open trade. Efforts are focused on exposing farmers to technologies to gain
competency in the local market.

2001 : A new two–storey market starts construction; Annual Budget is now P 70,375,000.

Jan.28, 2002 : The Municipality of La Trinidad becomes a first class municipality by virtue of DOF
MC1- M13 based on its average income of P36M from CY 1996-1999;

March 18, 2002 : La Trinidad gets country-wide praises for baking a 5ft high, 6ft wide & 7ft long Giant
Strawberry Cake;

August 2002 : Smuggling of imported vegetable threatens the Benguet Vegetable Industry;
Farmers are protected as they are unable to compete with open trade agreements
by the World Trade Organization.

March 18, 2003 : The Strawberry Festival marks the agri-tourism event with a Twin Giant Strawberry
Cake.

March 18, 2004 : La Trinidad enters a larger Giant Strawberry Cake into the Guinness Book of World
Records. A year later, the record is confirmed with the title ”Largest Fruit
Shortcake”. It weighed 9,622.29 Kg, served 42,082 slices, with a height of 8.42 ft.,
length of 12.32 ft. and width of 8.68 ft. A month afterwards, this was also entered
in Ripley’s “Believe it or Not!”

5
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

August 23, 2004: Environmental Management Bureau-DENR issues permit to start the construction of
a Controlled Disposal Facility at Alno. La Trinidad is the first local government unit
in the Cordilleras to comply with the Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.

May 28, 2005 : Judge F. Cabato cancels and reverts back to public domain, a nine-hectare title
located within the Puguis Communal Forest to the government;
June 16, 2005 : Marking its 55th Foundation Day, the 3-storey public market building is inaugurated.
A year later, the one-storey market was demolished to give way to a future plaza.

2005 : Average income of the municipal government from 2000 to 2005 drastically
increased to P 85.95 M.

May 2006 : The metes and bounds of the Puguis Communal Forest are final after conduct of a
joint survey with DENR. The other communal forests and Busol watershed are
expected to shall follow suit.

2007 : Census population is 97,810, with a growth rate of 5.1%. The municipal revenue
generated is P110 M. The Municipal Gymnasium is constructed.

2009 : Continuous rains of typhoon Ondoy and Pepeng brought about the worst disaster
ever since the 1991 earthquake. Both typhoons caused two major landslides in the
valley and brought about the highest number of damage and death: 115 deaths
were reported, 21 from Western Buyagan and 77 from Little Kibungan, Puguis were
buried alive.

2010 : The municipal annual budget is Php 155 M. Census population is 107,188 at a
growth rate of 3.09%. Plans for cityhood are laid.

2011 : The regulation of garbage segregation is placed in the hands of the barangay
government and the Ecological Solid Waste Management Landfill Facility is finally in
use. But the landfill will not last long, so a P58 M “black hole” waste management
Japanese technology is being put in place through a Public-Private Partnership
scheme.

Several studies are prepared for a new Trading Post at the Strawberry Fields road,
and an Adventure-Eco Park at Shilan Communal Forest. Funding for the Trading Post
will be made possible through national agricultural funds.

Ease of traffic is experienced through a number-coding scheme.

2012 : The courts decide in favour of mediaman, Jimmy Laking, suspending the whole
Sanggunian Bayan for using government funds in a paid newspaper advertisement
declaring him persona non grata for his comments on the proposed mall at the
public market area.

2013 : Hon. Edna C. Tabanda makes a comeback as mayor, emphasizing on the principles of
good governance: transparency, accountability, and honesty. She pledged to give
focus on the peace and order situation, traffic problem, and school dropouts.

Table 1: Municipal District Presidents / Mayors of La Trinidad from 1899 to Present

Year Name of Leader Origin Position
1899-1900 Hon. Miguel Picart Poblacion Municipal District President
1900-1901 Hon. Clemente Laoyan Pico Municipal District President
1901-1902 Hon. Clemente Valdez Poblacion Municipal District President
1902-1903 Hon. Clemente Laoyan Pico Municipal District President
1903-1904 Hon. Clemente Laoyan Pico Municipal District President

6
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

1904-1905 Hon. Alivio Opicena Pico Municipal District President

1905-1906 Hon. Vicente Sales Poblacion Municipal District President
1906-1907 Hon. Baniwas (one name) Shilan Municipal District President
1907-1908 Hon. Baniwas (one name) Shilan Municipal District President
1908-1909 Hon. Clemente Laoyan Pico Municipal District President
1909-1910 Hon. Clemente Laoyan Pico Municipal District President
1910-1911 Hon. Palacsa (one name) Pico Municipal District President
1912-1913 Hon. Pil-o Yatyatan Alno Municipal District President
1913-1914 Hon. Pil-o Yatyatan Alno Municipal District President
1914-1915 Hon. Juan P. Leygo Poblacion Municipal District President
1915-1916 Hon. Juan P. Leygo Poblacion Municipal District President
1916-1917 Hon. Anno Morales Shilan Municipal District President
1917-1918 Hon. Anno Morales Shilan Municipal District President
1918-1919 Hon. Baldomero Namoso Bineng Municipal District President
1919-1920 Hon. Baldomero Namoso Bineng Municipal District President
1920-1921 Hon. Clemente Laoyan Pico Municipal District President
1921-1924 Hon. Clemente Laoyan Pico Municipal District Mayor
1924-1926 Hon. Adriano Balancio Pico Municipal District Mayor
1926-1929 Hon. Dalmacio Lubos Pico Municipal District President
1929-1931 Hon. Abela Binayan Shilan Municipal District President
1931-1934 Hon. Herman Chamus Pico Municipal District President
1934-1935 Hon. Duna Nabus Pico Municipal District President
1935-1937 Hon. Duna Nabus Pico Municipal District President
1937-1941 Hon. Antero Alumit Alapang Municipal District President
1941-1944 Hon. Herman Chamus Pico Municipal District President
1945-1946 Hon. Antero Alumit Alapang Municipal District President
1946-1949 Hon. Cipriano Abalos Alapang Municipal District Mayor
1949-1952 Hon. Ezra Nabus Pico Municipal District Mayor
1952-1955 Hon. Larry Ogas Pico Municipal Mayor
1956-1959 Hon. Larry Ogas Pico Municipal Mayor
1959-1963 Hon. Larry Ogas Pico Municipal Mayor
1964-1967 Hon. Cipriano Abalos Alapang Municipal Mayor
1968-1971 Hon. Cipriano Abalos Alapang Municipal Mayor
1972-1979 Hon. Cipriano Abalos Alapang Municipal Mayor
1980-1986 Hon. Hilarion A. L. Pawid Betag Municipal Mayor
1986-12/1/87 Hon. Cecil Digman Shilan OIC, Municipal Mayor
12/2/87-12/21/87 Hon. Filomena Balingoay OIC, Office of the Mayor
12/22/87-1/31/88 Hon. Teodoro Oway Balili OIC, Office of the Mayor
2/3/88-1998 Hon. Edna C. Tabanda Alapang Municipal Mayor
Mar 1998-Jun 1998 Hon. James S. Chanfing Betag Municipal Mayor
July 1998-June 2007 Hon. Nestor B. Fongwan Puguis Municipal Mayor
July 2007-June 2010 Hon. Artemio A. Galwan Bineng Municipal Mayor
July 10 - June 2013 Hon. Gregorio T. Abalos, Jr. Betag Municipal Mayor
July 2013-June 2016 Hon. Edna C. Tabanda Balili Municipal mayor

7
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

II. PHYSICAL PROFILE

General Location

The capital town of Benguet Province, the Municipality of La Trinidad is located 256 kilometers north of
Metro Manila. It is bounded on the north by the Municipality of Tublay, on the south by the city of
Baguio, on the west by the Municipalities of Sablan and Tuba. Its geographical coordinates are 16
degrees, 21 minutes north latitude and 120 degrees and 35 minutes east longitude.

The municipality is relatively the most developed settlement in the province of Benguet because of its
proximity to the City of Baguio. It is the gateway of the southern lowlands into the Cordillera Region.
Due to its advanced development, La Trinidad is considered as one of the Central Business Districts of
Benguet.

Philippines Cordillera Administrative Region

Benguet Province

Accessibility

The municipality is accessible by land transport via the following entry points: from the Mt. Province
through the Baguio-Bontoc Road; from La Union, through the Marcos Highway via the Pico-Lamtang;
from Nueva Viscaya through the Benguet-Nueva Vizcaya Road; from Pangasinan, through Kennon road.
All these roads converge at the City of Baguio. The nearest airport is located in nearby Baguio City,
Loakan airport. Baguio- Manila travels take about 45 minutes flight or a 7-hour ride via land.

Total road kilometerage for the whole municipality is 135.2 kilometers. The road network in the
municipality exhibits a strong linear type of settlement characterized by a circumferential road that
services the valley floor. Accessibility in the rural areas is still relatively inadequate, with generally very
narrow roads.

Heavy road traffic is concentrated in its main road, the Baguio-Bontoc National Road which traverses
the valley proper and to which all other roads originate. This road is the center of socio-economic
activities for the municipality. The municipality has several radial-circumferential roads that branch out
to provide access to interior barangays and sitios most of which are tire-path roads, generally not
feasible for commercial traffic.

8
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Several public utility vehicles ply around the urban core, majority of which, are public utility jeeps (PUJs).
A few taxicabs ply the areas less served by the jeeps while neither buses nor mini-buses ply in the area,
except for those buses that pass through the Baguio-Bontoc national road leading to the northern towns
of Benguet.

Municipality of La Trinidad General Map

Land Area and Political Subdivisions

Table 2: Comparative Urbanization of Barangays, 1990-2010

YEAR Area % to URBAN-RURAL CLASSIFICATION 2010 Density* CLUP (2000)
BRGY (sq. km.) Total 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010 (persons/sq. km.) Classification
Alapang 2.0122 2.49 Rural Urban Urban Urban Urban 2,073 Minor urban
Alno 9.5835 11.86 Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural 213 Rural
Ambiong 3.4203 4.23 Rural Rural Rural Urban Urban 1,878 Rural
Bahong 6.5756 8.14 Rural Rural Rural Rural Urban 734 Rural
Balili 1.1902 1.47 Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban 13,515 Major urban
Beckel 9.513 11.77 Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural 363 Rural
Betag 1.5692 1.94 Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban 4,374 Major urban
Bineng 8.2543 10.22 Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural 180 Rural
Cruz 0.5669 0.70 Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban 6,207 Minor urban
Lubas 2.4059 2.98 Rural Urban Urban Urban Urban 2,324 Urban
Pico 3.2936 4.08 Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban 5,547 Major urban
Poblacion 1.0466 1.30 Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban 10,122 Major urban
Puguis 10.2182 12.65 Rural Rural Rural Rural Urban 701 Rural
Shilan 7.5099 9.30 Rural Rural Rural Rural Urban 577 Minor urban
Tawang 2.476 3.06 Rural Urban Urban Urban Urban 3,011 Minor urban
Wangal 11.1596 13.81 Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural 440 Rural
Municipal 80.795 100 Rural Rural Rural Urban Urban 1,327
Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2000-2010, *MPDO Computations

9
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

La Trinidad has a total land area of 80.795125 square kilometers representing 2.7% of the total province
area. It has sixteen (16) barangays namely: Alapang, Alno, Ambiong, Balili, Bahong, Beckel, Betag,
Bineng, Cruz, Lubas, Pico, Poblacion, Puguis, Shilan, Tawang and Wangal.

Wangal is the largest barangay with an area of 11.159642 sq. km. constituting 13.81% of the
municipality. Puguis is the second largest area with 10.2182 sq. km. or 12.65% of the municipal land
area. The third largest barangay is Alno and the smallest barangay is Cruz with an area of 0.5659 sq. km.
constituting 0.70% of the municipality.

In the process of Updating the Municipality’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan for the next ten years, a
new criteria for classifying barangays into an urban or rural was approved by the National Statistical
Coordination Board, resolution no. 9 series of 2003. Following the criteria set forth, there is a slight
change in the classification of the barangays in La Trinidad.

Table 3: New Barangay Classification, 2014

Population
Barangay Population Area (has) New Classification
Density
Ambiong 6,423 342.03 19 Urban
Balili 16,086 119.02 135 Urban
Betag 6,863 156.92 44 Urban
Lubas 5,591 240.59 23 Urban
Pico 18,271 329.36 55 Urban
Poblacion 10,594 104.66 101 Urban
Puguis 7,163 1021.82 7 Urban
Tawang 7,456 247.6 30 Urban
Wangal 4,907 1115.96 4 Urban
Alapang 4,171 201.22 21 Rural
Alno 2,046 958.35 2 Rural
Bahong 4,828 657.56 7 Rural
Beckel 3,453 951.3 4 Rural
Bineng 1,487 825.43 2 Rural
Cruz 3,519 56.69 62 Rural
Shilan 4,330 750.99 6 Rural
Total 107,188 8,079.50 13
Source: CLUP Draft 2014-2023, based on NSCB Res. No. 9 s. 2003

Table 4: Urban-Rural Area

Municipal Area (hectares) 8,079.50 100.00%

Total Urban Area 3,677.96 45.52%

Total Rural Area 4,401.54 54.48%

Source: CLUP Draft 2015-2025

Topography

Characterized by steep mountains and high terrain, amidst the mountain peaks, is an approximately
350-hectare valley. Across the valley runs the major water body, the Balili River running from Baguio
towards the eastern edge of the valley flowing to the north. The Wangal River, Bayabas, Pico and
Puguis Creeks flowing from the mountainsides form the Bolo Creek which runs across the valley and
converges with the Balili River at Poblacion. Draining from the Busol Watershed are Ambiong Creek,
Lubas Creek, and Tawang Creek joining the Balili River from the south.

Creeks in the northeast areas are separated into the east and west by the mountainous and northern
part of Alno. Peril Creek has its basin at Bagto Mountain. It runs through the Alno Valley and reaches

10
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

the Balili River. Moreover, waters from Alapang Creek come from Balili River flowing from Bahong Cave.
The Gayasi River from Wangal also drains itself into the Balili River at Bineng.

Prominent mountains are “Marlboro” mountain located at Beckel, Mount Mongo and Mount Mungao
located at Bineng, Mount Yangbeo, Mount Kalugong and Tawang Mountains all located at Tawang and
Mount Peripin Bato at Pico. In the center of the municipality is the valley located within the barangays
of Betag, Pico, Balili and Poblacion surrounded by cliffs and huge mountains of limestone.

Slope

La Trinidad valley is on plains with rising and falling slopes. It is bounded on the north and northwest by
steep slopes. Comparatively gentle slopes are found from Cruz, Alapang, Bahong and Alno. The
municipal mean slope is 40%. Steep (above the mean) slope areas include sitios Banengbeng, Oring,
Amsalsal and Dilad in barangay Bineng.

Relief is high with elevation ranging from 500 to 1,700 meters. The highest elevation is at 1,700 meters
on the south-eastern portion near the Ambuklao Road at Beckel. The valley floor has an elevation of
1,300 meters above sea level. Bineng is the lowest barangay, with an elevation of 500 meters above sea
level at the lowest point of Balili River.

Table 5: Slope Distribution by Area and Percentage

Description Slope Percentage Area ( in hectares) Percentage
Level to nearly level 0.0 – 9.9 422 6.04
Gentle 10.0 – 19.9 880 12.60
Undulating 20.0 – 29.9 594 8.51
Moderately steep 30.0 – 39.9 2,102 30.11
Steep 40.0 – 49.9 866 12.40
Very Steep 50.0 – above 2,118 30.34
Total 6,982 Mean Slope 40.00
Source: Engineering Geological Hazard Studies of Earthquake- Affected Areas in Baguio and Benguet, Mines
& Geo-Sciences Bureau, DENR-CAR, 1992.

Climate

Seasonal changes in the municipality are typical of the first type of climate under the Coronas
Classification System, with rainy days from May to October followed by the dry spells from November to
April.

Table 6: Climatologically Normals (1971-2000)

Mean Days
RAINFALL # of TEMPERATURE ºC Vapor Relative Sea Wind Cloud w/ Days w/
Rain Dry Level Speed Thunde
y Ma Mea Bul Wet Dew Pressure Humidity Pressu Directio mp Cover r
Month (mm) Days x Min n b Bulb Pt. % re n s (octal) storm Lightning
Jan 12.1 3 23 13 18 17 15.1 14 15.9 83 1012 SE 2 5 0 0
Feb 11.7 2 24 13 18.6 18 15.5 14.3 16.3 81 1011 SE 2 4 1 0
Mar 29.3 4 25 14 19.7 19 16.5 15.2 17.3 80 1011 SE 2 5 2 1
Apr 92.3 9 26 16 20.7 20 17.8 16.7 19 82 1009 SE 2 5 9 4
May 355.4 19 25 16 20.7 20 18.2 17.4 19.9 87 1008 SE 2 6 18 12
Jun 436.6 21 24 17 20.5 20 18.2 17.5 20 88 1007 SE 2 7 16 11
Jul 838.4 26 23 16 19.8 19 17.9 17.3 19.8 91 1006 SE 2 7 15 9
Aug 911.8 27 23 16 19.3 19 7.7 17.2 19.7 93 1006 NW 2 7 12 6
Sept 581.2 24 24 16 19.7 19 17.7 17.1 19.5 90 1007 SE 2 7 15 8
Oct 461.8 17 24 16 19.8 19 17.6 16.8 19.2 87 1008 SE 2 6 8 6
Nov 124.6 8 24 15 19.5 19 16.9 15.9 18.1 84 1009 SE 2 5 3 2
Dec 23.7 5 23 14 18.6 18 15.7 14.6 16.5 82 1010 SE 2 5 1 0
ANNUAL 3,879 165 24 15 19.6 19 17.1 16.2 18.4 86 1009 SE 2 6 100 59

11
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Source : PAGASA, Station :328 Baguio-Benguet ; Latitude : 16 25’N ; Longitude : 120 36’E ; Elevation 1500m

Rainfall

Data from the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
shows that due to the La Niña and El Niño Phenomena, we experienced lower annual rainfall compared
to the 30-year average from 1971 to 2000 and the previous years to the rainfall in 2012, with 111 mm of
annual rainfall. In 2014, there were 198 rainy days wherein August and September were the rainiest
months. July was the most humid month at 92%. And the month of December was the least humid at
84%. The average wind speed is at 11 mps. There were 103 days with thunderstorm and 63 days with
drizzle in 2014.

Temperature

Generally, La Trinidad has a perpetually cool and invigorating temperature. The relatively cool
temperature, at a mean average of 15◦C is due to local wind circulation and mountain breeze, where the
months of January, February, and March being the coldest months; and March, April, May and
November, the warmest months.

In year 2014, the average minimum temperature was at 15◦C and the average maximum temperature
was at 23◦C. The average minimum temperature for the last 5 years is at 14.68oC and the maximum
temperature averaged to 23.6oC.

Table 7: Climatological Data 2010-2014

TEMPERATURE ºC Vapor Relative Wind Cloud Days Days
RAINFALL # of
w/ w/
MONTH
Rain
/YEAR Humidity Speed Cover
(mm) y Max Min Mean Dry Wet Dew Pressure Direction Thunder Drizzle
% (mps) (octas)
Days Bulb Bulb Pt. storm
2010 3232 182 25.4 14 17.9 19 18 16 20 86 1008 SE 11 7 128
2011 4033 190 23.6 14.4 19.0 19 18 17 19 88 995 NW 17 6 74
2012 111 26 22 15 19 21 18 19 20 85 20 5 5 3 10
2013 3428 194 24 15 20 20 18 18 20 88 152 15 6 108 75
2014
Jan 0 0 20.9 10.6 15.7 15.5 14.0 13.1 14.97 86 0 0 4 0 0
Feb 0 5 22.4 12.5 12.5 17.3 15.9 15.2 17.03 88 140 10 5 0 0
Mar 5.9 8 24.1 13.9 13.9 18.9 17.4 16.6 19.37 87 140 12 4 2 0
Apr 126.3 19 24.4 15.9 15.9 20.1 18.9 18.3 20.62 90 0 0 5 13 4
May 213 20 25.0 16.6 16.6 20.9 19.5 18.9 21.95 88 0 0 5 22 15
Jun 401.7 27 23.5 16.5 16.5 20.0 19.1 18.6 21.95 92 180 14 7 13 12
Jul 449.2 27 22.8 16.1 16.1 19.6 18.8 18.5 20.62 93 110 17 7 16 7
Aug 527.9 23 22.5 16.0 16.0 19.2 18.3 17.8 20.62 92 250 15 7 11 6
Sep 980.4 26 23.2 16.1 16.1 19.5 18.5 18.1 20.62 92 140 30 7 13 9
Oct 107.1 23 23.6 15.8 15.8 19.7 18.4 17.8 20.62 89 90 10 6 10 8
Nov 39.20 13 24.1 15.1 15.1 19.4 17.6 16.8 19.37 85 110 13 5 3 1
Dec 9.5 7 23.5 14.6 14.6 18.5 16.6 15.6 18.17 84 140 15 5 0 1
Annual /
2860 198 23 15 15 19 18 17 20 89 108 11 6 103 63
Ave.

Table 8: Monthly Rainfall (2006-2014)

Rainfall (mm) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
January 160.6 -0.1 24.0 8.0 trace 94 1.4 11.4 0
February 8.8 0.6 97.0 64.5 trace 13.8 2.5 268 0
March 38.4 31.8 78.7 82.9 15.3 88.9 2.6 63.6 5.9
April 29.6 25.4 149.8 407.3 148.6 11.9 1.7 70.3 126.3
May 266.5 308.6 839.8 398.5 242.6 462.5 11.2 338.7 213

12
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

June 188.2 358.4 19.0 810.0 254 529.1 15.6 232.8 401.7
July 1,770 219 681.2 758.4 543.7 435.9 18.8 368.2 449.2
August 735.8 1,202 999.5 1087.7 536.6 1096.3 44.8 1220.4 527.9
September 207.6 408.4 761.0 516.9 296.8 819.2 9.2 590.1 980.4
October 316 410.3 178.1 1981.8 920.1 332.4 2.1 240 107.1
November 72.4 444.8 82.6 22.2 226.4 81.6 1.33 ND 39.20
December 43.2 21.6 trace 0 57.4 67.4 0.1 23.6 9.5

Table 9: Comparative Monthly Minimum Temperature (°C), 2006-2014

Month 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Jan 11.2 9.0 14.1 12.9 12.2 12.3 13.1 12.4 10.6
Feb 11.0 9.6 13.4 14.8 12.6 12.6 13.6 13.4 12.5
March 13.0 13 14.3 16.0 12.4 13.5 15.2 15.0 13.9
April 14.4 14.2 15.9 16.0 14.6 14.1 15.6 16.2 15.9
May 15.2 15.4 15.7 16.3 15.0 15.5 16.2 16.4 16.6
June 15.0 16.0 16.4 16.6 15.6 15.5 17.3 16.6 16.5
July 15.2 15.4 16.2 16.4 15.2 15.2 17.0 15.9 16.1
Aug 15.4 15.0 16.0 16.8 15.2 15.3 17.0 15.7 16.0
Sept 15.2 14.8 16.2 16.9 14.8 15.1 17.5 15.8 16.1
Oct 13.8 14.4 16.3 15.3 13.4 14.8 15.1 14.7 15.8
Nov 13.0 10.4 15.9 15.2 14.2 14.8 13.1 ND 15.1
Dec 12.8 11.8 14.0 12.9 12.2 14.3 13.2 14.4 14.6
Average 13.8 13.3 15.4 15.5 14.0 14.4 15.3 15.1 15

Table 10: Comparative Monthly Maximum Temperature (°C) (2006-2014)

Month 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Jan 26 25.4 23.4 22.8 24.8 22.8 22.4 23.7 20.9
Feb 27.2 26.8 22.4 24.3 26.4 23.7 22 25.5 22.4
March 26.4 27.8 23.7 24.7 28.2 24.4 22.7 25.5 24.1
April 27.6 28 24.4 23.7 22.8 25.7 22 26.8 24.4
May 27.4 26.6 22.9 23.5 27.6 25 22.9 25.1 25.0
June 26 27.2 23.9 22.1 27.8 23.6 22.8 24.4 23.5
July 26.2 26.4 22.3 22.4 26.4 22.3 22 24.1 22.8
Aug 25.4 26 22.1 22.9 25.8 22.6 20.4 22.3 22.5
Sept 26 25.6 22.8 22.3 26.4 22.3 22.4 23.2 23.2
Oct 25.2 27.2 23.9 21.8 26 22.8 22.2 22.4 23.6
Nov 25.8 25.2 23.7 24.4 25 24 19.9 ND 24.1
Dec 25.4 25.6 23.5 23.3 27.2 23.8 20.6 23 23.5
Average 26.2 26.5 23.3 23.2 26.2 23.58 21.9 24.9 23
Source: PAGASA Station 11

Climate projections in 2020 and 2050 in Benguet

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) projection
under the medium range-range emission scenario show that expectedly, temperature and rainfall will
change. Heavy daily rainfall will continue to become more frequent, extreme rainfall is projected to
increase in Luzon and Visayas only, but number of dry days is expected to increase in all parts of the
country in 2020 and 2050.Table below show the trend of change in temperature and rainfall in 2020 and
2050 in Benguet Province.

Table II: Seasonal Temperature Increases (in oC) in 2020 and 2050
OBSERVED Baseline (1971-2000) CHANGE in 2020 (2006-2035) CHANGE in 2050 (2036-2065)
DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON
Benguet 19.4 21.9 22.0 21.20 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.0 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.9

13
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Table 12: Seasonal Rainfall change (in %) in 2020 and 2050

OBSERVED Baseline (1971-2000) CHANGE in 2020 (2006-2035) CHANGE in 2050 (2036-2065)
DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON
Benguet 47.7 422.3 1734.9 931.8 8.0 0.2 31.6 21.7 -6.0 -26.7 63.1 21.8
Source: PAGASA

Balili River

Balili River failed. Balili River has its headwaters at Sagudin River located within barangay Trancoville in
Baguio City. Tributary creeks coming from the barangays of Pacdal, Cabinet Hill, New Lucban,
Honeymoon, Guisad, and Sto. Niño (formerly Slaughter) nourish Sagudin River. All the aforementioned
tributary creeks converges and flows downstream converging with the waters from La Trinidad,
Benguet, in what is known as Balili River, passing through Sablan and drains into Upper Naguilian River
as one of the major tributaries.

Balili River as per assessment in 1975 is still classified as a “Class A” river. But technically it has “failed to
meet the water quality criteria as per assessment as a ‘Class A’ river. Class A is intended for public water
supply, which means that with a little treatment, the water could be used for drinking. Through the
years, this condition continuously deteriorated. (EMB, 2010)

From 2004 to 2014, water quality monitoring reports of Balili River in the past ten years show that the
condition of the Balili River along the Baguio side exceeded the acceptable benchmark levels in terms of
acidity, dissolved oxygen, Total Suspended Solids and Biological Oxygen Demand. This means that the
river waters are already polluted as it enters the boundaries of La Trinidad.

In 2014, much more suspended solids were observed from Trancoville Bridge at 42 mg/l. However,
suspended solids from Bell Church Bridge and Capitol Bridge has decreased to 38 mg/l and 17 mg/l
respectively as compared to the previous years. The pollution parameters has also decreased where it
was expected to worsen as it flows through Balili River at the Capitol Bridge. Total suspended solids in
Pinespark Bridge has also slightly decreased to 74 mg/l from 92.5 mg/l in 2013.

The same parameters exceed benchmark figures along the La Trinidad area especially during the dry
season. Findings on Total Dissolved Solids and the Biological oxygen Demand are below the standard. In
summary, water quality assessment show the Dissolved Oxygen, the Total Suspended Solids, except for
the Dissolved Solids failed to meet the water quality criteria as a “Class A” river. Continuous advocacy,
protection, regulation in sanitation, and rehabilitation programs for the Balili River are desired for its
headwaters in nearby Baguio City and likewise within the municipality itself.

Table 13: Balili River Quality, 2006-2014

Water Quality Indicator Total Suspended Solids (standard value: 50mg/l)
Sampling Station/yr. 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Trancoville Bridge, Baguio 13 55 33.5 33.67 27.5 39.25 17.13 39.00 42

Bell Church, La Trinidad 38 33.7 38 57.32 - 28 110.8 0 38
Capitol Bridge, La Trinidad 28 8.33 30 51.33 34.75 20.75 7.37 133.25 17
Pinespark Bridge - - - - - - - 92.5 74
Total Dissolved Solids (standard value: 1,000 mg/l)
Trancoville Bridge 207 374.7 307 259.33 293.5 295.8 265.3 318.75 303
Bell Church, La Trinidad 191 387 312 - - 319.3 321.3 0 301
Capitol Bridge, La Trinidad 198 325.7 258.8 318.33 325 227.8 270.8 271.75 290
Pinespark Bridge - - - - - - -- 256.50 298
Biological Oxygen Demand (standard value: 5 mg/l)
Trancoville Bridge 28 85 16.3 7 41.33 45.50 106 47.25 56
Bell Church, La Trinidad 30 26.7 49 - - 34 60 0 26
Capitol Bridge, La Trinidad 12 24 47 12 42 14.67 0 21.75 10

14
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Pinespark Bridge - - - - - - - 62.25 42

Source: EMB-CAR
Air Quality

Except for the valley floor area, air quality in the municipality is characterized as generally fair, below the
Total Suspended Particle (TSP) standard of 230 µg/Ncm. In the urban area, sand, dust and smoke
emissions are the primary pollutants. The heavy volume of traffic contributes to heavy amounts of
carbon monoxide and particulates. In the rural areas, unpaved roads are the main source of dust and
sand particles.

Air quality monitoring in 2014, stationed at the Municipal Park and at the Capitol grounds, it shows that
on the average, the air quality seem to have improved from unhealthy in 2013 to fair. Though there was
an improvement, there is still a risk for sensitive people with asthma and similar lung problems. Heavy
traffic conditions causing smoke emissions at the Public Market, and the dust, due to the dry weather,
make the air quality unhealthy to sensitive groups.

Table 14: Air Quality (2012 - 2014)

Year 2012 2013 2014

Total Total Sampling

Air Air Air Quality
Suspended Suspended Station Results
Station Quality Quality Index
Particulates Particulates (ug/m3)
(µg/Ncm) Index (µg/Ncm) Index
Ave: 77.75 Good Ave: 50 Good Ave.: 79 Fair
Market km5 Mun. Park
at Police Min: 48 Good Min: 36 Good Km. 5 Pico, Min.: 64 Fair
Station Max: 155 Fair Max: 64 Fair La Trinidad Max.: 94 Fair
Ave: 55.75 Good Ave: 99.75 Good Ave.: 113 Fair
Foot of Prov’l Min: 37 Good Min: 74 Good Capitol Min.: 81 Fair
Capitol Grounds, Unhealthy
Waiting Shed Max: 77 Good Max: 123 Fair Poblacion Max.: 156 for sensitive
groups
Source: EMB-CAR * For Sensitive Persons

Geology & Seismicity

The municipality is vulnerable to geologic hazards, as indicated in Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau -
DENR survey maps. This is attributed to the presence of active fault lines along the branches of the
northern segment of the Philippine fault line zone. These active fault lines triggers seismic movements
of the fault splays within the municipality.

Due to the active fault line and extreme rainfall, La Trinidad is classified as highly vulnerable to geologic
hazards such as landslides and erosions. With the Philippine Fault Zone traversing the municipality, it is
probable that it can experience movement due to sudden slips along the fault lines influencing the area.
In addition, the municipality’s rugged terrain, geologic composition makes it susceptible to ground
movements.

Major tectonic faults identified in the Cordillera Region include the Mirador Fault and systems of
faulting are found to the east and west of the municipality. The Mirador Fault is theoretically capable of
producing an earthquake of a magnitude of about 6.5 which is equivalent to the energy release of an
atomic bomb. The fault line in La Trinidad comes from the southeast passing through Poblacion
following the Bolo Creek towards the northwest.

Several fault lines have been observed within the area. They are generally oriented in the north-
northwest directions, trending essentially parallel to the Luzon Central Cordillera (Diegor, 1979). The
two most notable splays of the Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ) affecting the area are the Digdig Fault that is
located east of Benguet and extends to Nueva Viscaya and the Tuba River Fault that passes through

15
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Camp 1, Tuba, Benguet and extends towards La Union Province. The other splays of importance are the
Tebbo Fault located south of Benguet and the Pugo Fault passing through west central La Union.

The July 16, 1990 earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8 in the Ritcher scale shook Luzon, wrecking havoc
from Nueva Ecija to Benguet. This was caused by a sudden slip along the Digdig Fault in north Central
Luzon. A 125-km stretch length of the fault ruptured, with displacement averaging 4 meters. The
Phivolcs reported two earthquakes lately. In April 14, 2015, 07:55 a.m., an earthquake measured 16.53o
North, 120.700 East with a depth of 011 kms., magnitude 3.5 located 018 km N 41° E of Baguio City.
Another was on April 16, 2015 at around 6:05 p.m. which measured 16.54o North, 120.65o East, Depth
of 022 kms. magnitude 3.8 located 016 km N 20° E of Baguio City. There were no reported damages
after the earthquake.

Drainage and Flooding

The natural drainage of the La Trinidad valley area is the Balili River. During strong rains, the Balili River
and its tributaries are filled up with silt coming from the erosion of slopes from the mountainsides,
which causes the water bodies to swell and flood the valley area and along the banks of the Balili River
and its tributaries downstream.

Drainage facilities along the highway in the urban area consist of manhole drop inlets with interceptors
that cross the roadway. Existing underground drainage system, curbs and gutters are also found along
the national road, inefficient in conveying run-offs from the adjoining residential and commercial areas
towards the Balili River during periods of small rainfall.

During periods of heavy rainfall, the valley floor, most especially in the strawberry farms of Betag, Pico,
and Poblacion experience flooding. Downstream, in the outskirts of the valley, swelling of the
tributaries of the Balili River cause flooding in farmlands, and destruction of properties.

Landslide Hazards

16
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Latest studies conducted by the Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau shows that the municipality is
susceptible to landslides especially in areas where slopes are steep and residential build-up is occurring.
These highly susceptible and critical areas are found in Pico, Balili, Ambiong, Tawang, Bineng, Puguis,
and Wangal.

In the 2009 experience of continuous rainfall brought about by typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng, massive
landslides occurred in barangays Puguis and Poblacion, claiming many precious lives, and destroying
homes. In areas along the waterways, many farm lots were destroyed and carried off by the
floodwaters. Considering the hazardous characteristic of the municipality, much care must be taken in
considering future developments in order to protect lives, property, and the livelihood of the farmers.

Land Use

Residential land use accounts for the largest share in urban land use. However, commercial land use is
expected to have the highest demand in urban areas given the municipality’s growing roles as a
commercial, educational and agro-tourism center in the province. Interspersed within residential areas,
the commercial area is concentrated along the Baguio-Bontoc national highway. It is expected that
most of the residential buildings along this road shall be used for commercial space in the near future.
The urban built up has spread at Poblacion, Puguis, Shilan and Alapang, putting pressure for the
population to seek housing sites in their less populated areas.

Special use for irrigation, power and relay stations, sewerage and waste management facilities is
likewise expected to increase, as population grows even more rapidly.

Institutional use is principally for schools, welfare homes, orphanages, home for the aged, rehabilitation
and training centers, military camp, day care centers. Schools are largely concentrated in urban loop
road. While de-concentration efforts have made to site new high schools in the outskirts of the built-up
area. And several day care centers are found in all barangays. More populous and larger barangays find
the need to site their day care center nearer to the homes of the populace. While private schools now
are mushrooming, most, with very little space for their students to move around.

If the protection of communal and forested areas in Alapang, Puguis, Wangal, Ambiong, Shilan, Bineng
and Alno will continue, squatting in these areas may still be abated. Relief is felt at the Puguis
Communal Forest as the municipal government won its case versus individual claimants along the paved
Longlong-Tam-awan road. The establishment of the actual metes and bounds of the forest in the
ground level shall also assist the government in abating professional squatters from entering into the
protected area.

Special Agricultural & Fisheries Development Zones especially the strawberry and cut flower gardens in
Betag, Ambiong, and Bahong has to be continually protected to ensure sustainable agricultural
development in the municipality. With the advent of the new Trading Post, it is expected that
commercial establishment will mushroom into the existing souvenir shops in the area.

Special land uses for future cemeteries and the garbage disposal facility have to be carefully cited and
regulated. As of this writing, an area has been purchased by the municipal government for a public
cemetery in Shilan. In terms of the Solid Waste Management Facilities at Alno, residential houses have
mushroomed near the site and are exposed to geological and health hazards posed from the disposal
facility.

The move to develop parks and recreation facilities, without undue sacrifice to the green environment
will provide additional economic opportunities to the municipality.

17
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Municipality of La Trinidad
Existing Land Use Map

18
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

General Land Use

Table 15: Existing General Land Use 2014

Percentage to
LAND USE Area (Sq. Km.) Area (hectares)
Total
Agricultural 35.2408 3,524.08 43.62%
Agro-tourism 2.9603 296.03 3.66%
Institutional 6.7262 672.62 8.33%
Residential 7.6924 769.24 9.52%
Industrial 0.0008 0.08 0.00%
Commercial 0.8665 86.65 1.07%
Tourism 0.0229 2.29 0.03%
Utilities &
Transportation Services 0.1063 10.63 0.13%
Road Network 1.0512 105.12 1.30%
Forest 20.0198 2,001.98 24.78%
Communal Forest 1.6309 163.09 2.02%
Watershed 2.7237 272.37 3.37%
Parks & Recreational
Spaces 0.6697 66.97 0.83%
Bodies of Water 0.8864 88.64 1.10%
Special Use
Cemeteries 0.0983 9.83 0.12%
Sanitary Landfill 0.0985 9.85 0.12%
TOTAL 80.79 8,079.5
Source: GIS computed via Google, Actual GPS readings, Cadastral Survey,
LMS-DENR-CAR, NAMRIA

Built-up Area

The built-up areas are the area of the residential (9.52%) and commercial (1.07%) or a total of 10.59% of
the total land area of the Municipality. With urbanization, it is expected to increase during the next ten
years.

Agricultural Land

Approximately 3,524.08 hectares or 44% of the total land area of the municipality is classified as
agricultural lands. The total cultivated area is 2,993.33 hectares wherein 1,855.75 hectares are
estimated as irrigated. With commercial land use putting pressure on agricultural land use, it is also
expected that agricultural land will decrease. Those areas cultivated with strawberries and cut flowers
shall remain as the Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZ) at 259.80 hectares as
promulgated in RA 9435 or the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act 1997.

Tourism Areas

The Strawberry Fields and Cut flower gardens are considered areas of significant value for tourism. The
municipality has become one of the major tourist destinations not only in the Province of Benguet, but
also in the country with its vast cut flower gardens and sprawling strawberry fields. Known as the
former “Salad Bowl of the Philippines”, it is now known as the “Strawberry Fields of the Philippines” and
barangay Bahong as the “Rose Garden of the Philippines”. Accomplishments have placed La Trinidad in
the Guinness Book of Records as the maker of the largest strawberry cake.

19
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Forest Land

Forestland occupies a considerable area of 2,437.44 hectares, comprising of approximately 30.17 % of

the total Municipal land area. It is classified into timberlands, grassland, communal forests and
watersheds as identified by the LMS-DENR-CAR and the NAMRIA. La Trinidad boasts of four (4)
Communal Forests at Alapang, Alno, Puguis and Shilan, occupying a total are of 163.09 hectares. The
Watershed areas are found in Busol, Ambiong and the Shelpi Watershed in Wangal with a total land
area of 272.37 hectares.

Other land uses

Special uses such as cemeteries and sanitary landfill comprise 19.68 hectares. Water bodies comprise
88.64 hectares. Parks and Recreational spaces comprise 66.97 hectares.

Urban Land Use

Table 16: Existing Urban Land Use, 2014
Land Use Category Area (has) %
Agricultural 1,427.08 39%
Institutional 613.67 17%
Forest 561.34 15%
Residential 520.48 14%
Watershed 183.34 5%
Parks and Recreational Space 66.91 2%
Bodies of Water 38.97 1%
Agro-tourism 51.52 1%
Commercial 69.8 2%
Communal Forest 49.58 1%
Cemeteries 9.12 0%
Road Network 69.74 2%
Tourism 23.7 1%
Utilities, Transportation &
2.71 0.001
Services
Total 3,677.96 100%
Source: GIS computed via google, cadastral survey, actual GPS reading

20
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

The existing total urban area of the municipality is 3.677.96 has. Agricultural land area covers 1,427.08
hectares or 39% of the total Urban Land Area. Institutional is at 613.67 hectares or 17%. Forest
(timberland) covers a total area of 561.34 hectares or 15% of the total urban land area.

Residential Use occupies an area of 520.48 hectares of the urban area and is expected to increase for
the next ten years.

Commercial use is concentrated alongside the Baguio-Bontoc National Highway, occupying an area of
69.80 hectares. Institutional areas occupy 613.67 hectares of the urban area. These include all lands
occupied by Government Buildings, schools, hospitals and the Benguet State University.

The Infrastructure category which includes road network in the urban area occupies 69.74 hectares and
is expected also to expand due to new road openings and construction of new infrastructures. Rivers
and Creeks or Bodies of Water in the urban area occupy 38.97 hectares.

Land Acquisition and Distribution, and Land Use Conversion

In terms of land acquisition and distribution, there was a total area of 223 hectares, from 2002 to 2010,
which were submitted for Voluntary Land Transfer. And another conglomerate area of 31.74 hectares
were submitted and recommended for Certificate of Land Ownership Award generation/distribution,
under the Agrarian Reform Program. This program ended in 2010.

In terms of land use conversion, a conglomerate area of 61.36 hectares, from 2003 to 2013, were
recommended for approval. Records in 2003 show the highest area for land use conversion at 16.85
hectares, while in 2013, only 0.36 hectares of land were recommended for land conversion. In 2014,
there are 4.07 hectares of land conversions recorded by the Provincial Agrarian Reform Office.

Table 17: Land Acquisition (in hectares) under Agrarian Reform Program (2005-2014)
YEAR/
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 TOTAL
PROGRAM
Land Acquisition & Distribution (LAD)
1.
Voluntary
6.43 12.96 3.37 - 2.60 186.43 - - - - 186.43
Land
Transfer
2. CLOA 6.58 12.96 - 2.20 - 4.24 - - - - 25.98
Non-LAD

21
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

1. Land
Use 7.59 7.62 9.10 0.15 10.50 0.25 5.10 0.96 0.36 4.07 65.43
Conversion
Source: MARO Accomplishment Reports, 2005-2014

Land Classification

The Land Management Section of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources reports that
only Barangay Cruz has an approved Cadastral Map. The fifteen other barangays needs corrections and
refinements. But up to this date, no follow-up project is underway.

The Community Environment & Natural Resources Office reports that 1,737 hectares are Alienable and
Disposal Lands, while the total timberland area consists of 4,403 hectares.

Real Property Assessment

In 2002, a total of 6,675.45 hectares was recorded for real property assessment and taxation. This
increased to 8,176.83 hectares in 2012 which has decreased to 8,071.21 hectares in 2013. It was noticed
that there is a slight increase of 39.67 due to reversion from other uses to agricultural and other land
conversions. Revisions or corrections of tax declarations, wherein 70.00% are classified as agricultural,
7.00% as residential, 1% as commercial, 0.0% as industrial, 15.00% is government which decreased from
16% in 2013, and other uses at 7%.

In 2005, 27,153 parcels of land and 5,167 buildings were declared for taxation purposes. This increased
to 39,441 parcels of land and 10,511 buildings in 2013. In 2014, there was a decrease of 3,943 for land
and 201 for buildings. According to the Municipal Assessor’s Office, the decrease was due to the result
of the implementation of Section 219 of R.A. 7160 or the 2010 General Revision Act.

Table 18: Land Area by Classification as to Real Property Assessment

Year
2011 2012 2013 2014
Land area (has) Area % Area %
Agricultural 5,556.69 5,747.97 5,666.63 75 5,698.24 70
Residential 545.47 552.47 551.17 7 550.37 7
Commercial 74.44 74.46 1 74.38 1
Industrial 10.55 10.55 10.55 0 10.55 0
Government 1,224.61 1,216.17 1,201.05 16 1,199.00 15
Other Land Uses 633.52 575.27 567.35 1 578.35 7
Total 7,970.84 8,176.83 8,071.21 100 8,110.88 100
Source: Municipal Assessor’s Office

Table 19: Declared Real Properties

Real Property Units 2005 2011 2012 2013 2014
Land 27,153 37,154 38,878 39,441 35,498
Buildings 5,167 9,631 10,333 10,511 10,310
Source: Municipal Assessor’s Office

Ancestral Land

According to the ancestral land claims of the native people of La Trinidad, the whole of La Trinidad is
owned by the Ibalois and “can be subject to application for ancestral land ownership”. The balance
between the reality of the different land uses in the municipality and the claims of the heirs of our
ancestors has to be weighed wisely. Several issues have to be addressed by the proper government
agencies to give what is due to the indigenous peoples and to consider the development needs of the
municipality.

III. DEMOGRAPHY

22
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Population Growth, 1903-2010

Over the past century, the population growth rate in the municipality has always been very high
compared to the whole country. This is due to the high rate of in-migration into the municipality. This
attraction to stay in La Trinidad is due to comparatively higher socio-economic opportunities than its
neighboring municipalities, and because of Baguio City’s spill over population.

In the last May 2010 Census, the population of La Trinidad was 107,188 persons, growing at 3.09%. In
the previous census of 2007, the population was 97,810 or 24,636 households with a growth rate of
oddly, 5.34%. The previous growth rate from 1995-2000, was at only 1.51%, while the past growth rates
of the municipality shows a growth rate of more than 4% since the 1970’s. Taking a more realistic
growth rate by averaging the four growth rates of the past four census years, we derive an average
growth rate of 3.83% as basis for projected populations.

Adopting the 3.83% growth rate, a projected population for year 2013 is 119,989 persons with 29,997
households. While the expected time for the population to double will be in 2028, after 18.3 years.
Efforts have to be addressed to abate the growth that is most probably due to high in-migration rates
that will put more pressure for the government in the provision of goods and services.

120000
107,188
97,810
P 100000
O
P 80000
U 67,963
63,089
L
60000
A 48,523
T
40000
I 28,713
O 22,732
18,551
N 20000 12,415
6,554 7,994
267 3,013
0
Census Yr. 1903 1918 1930 1948 1960 1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010
Growth Rate 17.5 6.5 1.1 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.8 5.39 5.39 1.51 5.34 3.09

The barangays of Pico, Balili, and Poblacion are the most populated barangays. Tawang is the fourth
most populated followed by Puguis and Betag. Bineng, Alno, Beckel, are the least populated barangays.
The expansion of economic activities in the more populated barangays of Pico, Betag, Balili, Puguis, and
Poblacion is pushing the people of La Trinidad to situate themselves in the less urbanized areas. In fact,
in terms of population growth rates, Wangal exhibits the highest population growth rate, at 7.02,
followed by Lubas, Tawang and Ambiong. Barangays Wangal, Ambiong, Lubas, and Tawang have in
recent years, also become new residential areas. Surprisingly, the dense barangays of Balili and
Poblacion exhibit negative growth rates in Census years 2007 to 2010. Even Beckel also registered
negative growth.

Table 20: Population Growth Rate by Barangay and Municipal (1990-2010)

INTERCENSAL GROWTH RATE AVERAGE
BRGY/yr.
1990-1995 1995-2000 2000-2007 2007-2010 GROWTH RATES
Alapang 6.8 0.69 4.023 4.77 4.07
Alno 3.4 4.47 0.760 3.96 3.15
Ambiong 2.5 4.61 7.718 6.74 5.39
Bahong 2 0.22 4.184 6.50 3.23
Balili 8.6 0.79 8.484 -1.31 4.14
Beckel 3.7 1.01 2.561 -0.86 1.60

23
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Betag 2.8 -0.74 1.570 3.25 1.72

Bineng 5.9 3.92 0.387 4.26 3.62
Cruz 10.3 -0.92 1.835 5.82 4.26
Lubas 10.3 4.03 5.782 6.70 6.70
Pico 3.7 1.02 6.027 3.30 3.51
Poblacion 4.2 2.42 5.789 -0.10 3.08
Puguis 4 0.21 6.309 3.02 3.39
Shilan 2.7 0.45 2.645 8.19 3.50
Tawang 7.8 6.87 3.907 5.81 6.10
Wangal 10.2 3.11 9.582 5.17 7.02
Municipal 5.39 1.5/r 5.34/r 3.09 3.83
Source: NSO, MPDO computations, /r: revised from previous computations

Due to its distance from the center, Bineng and Alno, have been slow growing barangays. While Bahong,
is growing faster, converting its gardens to residential lots as experienced by Ambiong in the recent
years. Shilan, likewise growing faster, and being the gateway to the north, is the next expansion area for
commercial and residential activities.

Computed at a growth rate of 3.83%, population projections show that the municipality will reach the
150,000 mark by year 2019. Pico (using its own growth rate) is also expected to reach almost 25,000 in
that same year.

Table 21: Population: Census years 1975-2010

BARANGAY/ CENSUS YR 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010
Alapang 938 1,058 1,887 2,665 2,752 3,627 4,171
Alno 954 886 1,177 1,408 1,727/c 1,821 2,046
Ambiong 708 894 2,245 2,543 3,139 5,282 6,423
Bahong 1,490 1,514 2,660 2,969 3,000 3,997 4,828
Balili 2,099 3,031 5,856 9,122 9,463 16,734 16,086
Beckel 1,514 1,725 2,338 2,833 2,969 3,544 3,453
Betag 2,026 2,296 4,992 5,789 5,591 6,235 6,863
Bineng 590 669 810 1,067 1,277 1,312 1,487
Cruz 927 1,140 1,617 2,730 2,615 2,970 3,519
Lubas 629 842 1,509 2,582 3,105 4,602 5,591
Pico 4,097 5,342 8,661 10,497 11,005 16,577 18,271
Poblacion 2,563 3,427 5,213 6,411 7,167 10,627 10,594
Puguis 1,366 2,061 3,424 4,228 4,269 6,551 7,163
Shilan 1,520 1,817 2,422 2,789 2,848 3,419 4,330
Tawang 638 1,202 2,361 3,529 4,813 6,294 7,456
Wangal 673 809 1,144 1,927 2,223 4,218 4,907
Municipal 22,732 28,713 48,326 63,089 67,963/c 97,810 107,188
/c: corrected; Source: NSO

Table 22: Estimated Population by Barangay (2012-2020)

BRGY/ Census Projected Population (2011-2020)
YEAR 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 2020
Alapang 4,171 4,517 4,701 4,893 5,092 5,299 5,515 5,973 6,216
Alno 2,046 2,177 2,245 2,316 2,389 2,464 2,542 2,704 2,789
Ambiong 6,423 7,134 7,519 7,924 8,351 8,802 9,276 10,303 10,859
Bahong 4,828 5,144 5,310 5,482 5,659 5,841 6,030 6,425 6,632
Balili 16,086 17,446 18,169 18,921 19,705 20,521 21,371 23,177 24,137
Beckel 3,453 3,565 3,622 3,680 3,739 3,798 3,859 3,984 4,048
Betag 6,863 7,101 7,223 7,348 7,474 7,602 7,733 8,002 8,139

24
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Bineng 1,487 1,597 1,654 1,714 1,776 1,840 1,907 2,047 2,121
Cruz 3,519 3,825 3,988 4,158 4,335 4,519 4,712 5,122 5,340
Lubas 5,591 6,366 6,793 7,248 7,734 8,252 8,806 10,026 10,698
Pico 18,271 19,576 20,264 20,975 21,712 22,474 23,263 24,925 25,800
Poblacion 10,594 11,256 11,602 11,959 12,327 12,706 13,097 13,915 14,343
Puguis 7,163 7,656 7,915 8,183 8,460 8,747 9,043 9,665 9,993
Shilan 4,330 4,638 4,800 4,968 5,142 5,322 5,508 5,900 6,106
Tawang 7,456 8,393 8,905 9,447 10,023 10,635 11,283 12,701 13,475
Wangal 4,907 5,620 6,014 6,436 6,888 7,371 7,888 9,034 9,667
Municipal 107,188 115,561 119,989 124,588 129,362 134,320 139,467 150,361 156,124
Source of basic data: NSO, Census 2010

Households per Barangay

At an average of four members per household, it is estimated that there are about 29,997 households
for 2013. Bineng has the least number of households at 414, and Pico, the highest number at 5,066.
Estimates up to year 2020 are shown in the following table.
Table 23: Estimated Number of Households by Barangay (2011-2020)
BRGY/YEAR 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Alapang 1,085 1,129 1,175 1,223 1,273 1,325 1,379 1,435 1,493 1,554
Alno 528 544 561 579 597 616 635 655 676 697
Ambiong 1,692 1,784 1,880 1,981 2,088 2,200 2,319 2,444 2,576 2,715
Bahong 1,246 1,286 1,328 1,370 1,415 1,460 1,507 1,556 1,606 1,658
Balili 4,188 4,362 4,542 4,730 4,926 5,130 5,343 5,564 5,794 6,034
Beckel 877 891 905 920 935 950 965 980 996 1,012
Betag 1,745 1,775 1,806 1,837 1,868 1,901 1,933 1,967 2,000 2,035
Bineng 385 399 414 429 444 460 477 494 512 530
Cruz 917 956 997 1,039 1,084 1,130 1,178 1,228 1,280 1,335
Lubas 1,491 1,591 1,698 1,812 1,933 2,063 2,201 2,349 2,506 2,674
Pico 4,728 4,894 5,066 5,244 5,428 5,618 5,816 6,020 6,231 6,450
Poblacion 2,730 2,814 2,901 2,990 3,082 3,177 3,274 3,375 3,479 3,586
Puguis 1,851 1,914 1,979 2,046 2,115 2,187 2,261 2,337 2,416 2,498
Shilan 1,120 1,160 1,200 1,242 1,285 1,330 1,377 1,425 1,475 1,527
Tawang 1,978 2,098 2,226 2,362 2,506 2,659 2,821 2,993 3,175 3,369

Wangal 1,313 1,405 1,504 1,609 1,722 1,843 1,972 2,110 2,258 2,417

Municipal 27,824 28,890 29,997 31,147 32,341 33,580 34,867 36,203 37,590 39,031
Source: MPDO Estimates

Barangay Density & Population

The municipal population density in 2000 was 8 persons per hectare and this increased to 13 persons
per hectare in 2010. Still from Census 2007 data, the average household size is (3.94 rounded off to) 4
persons, one member slightly lower than during Census 2000. The densest barangays are Balili and
Poblacion. The least dense barangays are Alno, Bineng, and Wangal.

Table 24: Comparative Population Density (1990 -2010, Census Years)

YEAR POPULATION DENSITY (persons per square km)
BARANGAY 1990/c 1995/c 2000/c 2007/c 2010
Alapang 9.38 13.24 13.68 18.03 21
Alno 1.23 1.47 1.80 1.90 2

25
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Ambiong 6.56 7.44 9.18 15.44 19

Bahong 4.05 4.52 4.56 6.08 7
Balili 49.20 76.64 79.51 140.60 135
Beckel 2.46 2.98 3.12 3.73 4
Betag 31.81 36.89 35.63 39.73 44
Bineng 0.98 1.29 1.55 1.59 2
Cruz 28.70 48.16 46.13 52.39 62
Lubas 6.27 10.73 12.91 19.13 23
Pico 26.30 31.87 33.41 50.33 55
Poblacion 49.81 61.26 68.48 101.54 101
Puguis 3.35 4.14 4.18 6.41 7
Shilan 3.23 3.71 3.79 4.55 6
Tawang 9.54 14.25 19.44 25.42 30
Wangal 1.03 1.73 1.99 3.78 4
MUNICIPAL 5.98 7.81 8.41 12.11 13
*MPDO Computations ; /c: corrected

Population by Sex and Age, Year 2000, 2007, and 2010

Comparing the age-sex pyramid in year 2000 and year 2007, it is observed that the young dependent
group (0 to 14) is shrinking. This means that there is comparatively less young dependent population in
year 2007 than in year 2000. In 2010, those between the ages of 0-4 years old, became even lesser as
compared to 2007.

2000 2007

From Census 2007, the general sex ratio was 96.36%. This means that for every 100 females, there are
96 males. In the CBMS census 2010, the ratio was 99.17, this means that there are 99 males for every
100 females.

Table 22 shows the sex ratios by age group for NSO Census 2007. A ratio higher than 100 indicates that
there is predominance of the male population in that group while less than 100 indicates a
predominance of female population.

26
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Thus, for the young age groups, 0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years old, there are more males than females.
Compared to the age groups of 15 -19, 20-24, 25-29, where there are more females than males. For ages
30 to 44, there are again more males than females. The same is true for the age group, 55- 59. For the
rest of the older age groups, there are more females than males.

In 2010 NSO Census, there are more age groups where one finds a predominance of males as compared
to 2007. These consist of age groups 0-4, 5-9, 30-34, 35-39 and age groups between 40-44 years old.
Comparing the result of the CBMS Survey result from that of the NSO Census in 2010, the sex ratio of
the CBMS is at 99.17 which means a nearly equal number of males to that of the females. NSO survey
result show that there were 97 males for every 100 females.

Table 25: Population by Sex & Age Group, Census 2007

2007 Census Population (NS0) % to total
Sex ratio
Age Group Both Sexes Male Female Male Female
0-4 10,498 5,436 5,062 5.60% 5.21% 107.39
5-9 9,202 4,815 4,387 4.96% 4.52% 109.76
10-14 8,394 4,224 4,170 4.35% 4.29% 101.29
15-19 14,136 6,211 7,925 6.40% 8.16% 78.37
20-24 13,187 6,067 7,120 6.25% 7.33% 85.21
25-29 10,152 5,017 5,135 5.17% 5.29% 97.70
30-34 7,158 3,721 3,437 3.83% 3.54% 108.26
35-39 6,169 3,176 2,993 3.27% 3.08% 106.11
40-44 5,018 2,522 2,496 2.60% 2.57% 101.04
45-49 4,000 1,987 2,013 2.05% 2.07% 98.71
50-54 3,196 1,582 1,614 1.63% 1.66% 98.02
55-59 2,110 1,088 1,022 1.12% 1.05% 106.46
60-64 1,438 696 742 0.72% 0.76% 93.80
65-69 1,038 516 522 0.53% 0.54% 98.85
70-74 669 298 371 0.31% 0.38% 80.32
75-79 335 155 200 0.16% 0.21% 77.50
80+ 413 154 259 0.16% 0.27% 59.46
Total 97,113 47,665 49,468 49% 51% 96.36
Source: Census 2007

Table 26: Population by Age and Sex CBMS 2010

Age Group 2010 CBMS Census Population % to total Sex ratio
Both Sexes Male Female Male Female
0-4 8732 4501 4231 5.06% 4.75% 106.38
5-9 9323 4762 4561 5.35% 5.13% 104.41
10-14 8410 4244 4166 4.77% 4.68% 101.87
15-19 10506 4820 5686 5.42% 6.39% 84.77
20-24 10909 5026 5883 5.65% 6.61% 85.43
25-29 8614 4333 4281 4.87% 4.81% 101.21
30-34 7089 3679 3410 4.13% 3.83% 107.89
35-39 5538 2958 2580 3.32% 2.90% 114.65
40-44 4946 2587 2359 2.91% 2.65% 109.67

27
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

45-49 4242 2175 2067 2.44% 2.32% 105.22

50-54 3502 1758 1744 1.98% 1.96% 100.80
55-59 2534 1267 1267 1.42% 1.42% 100.00
60-64 1795 895 900 1.01% 1.01% 99.44
65-69 1139 568 571 0.64% 0.64% 99.47
70-74 798 362 436 0.41% 0.49% 83.03
75-79 459 201 258 0.23% 0.29% 77.91
80+ 454 173 281 0.19% 0.32% 61.57
Total 88990 44,309 44,681 0.50 0.50 99.17
Source: CBMS 2010

Table 27: Population by Age & Sex Group, Census 2010

2010 Census Population % to Total % to Total Sex
Age Group
Both Sexes Male Female Male Female Ratio
Under 1 2,197 1,168 1,029 1% 1.0% 113.51
1-4 8,899 4,569 4,330 4% 4.0% 105.52
5-9 10,542 5,514 5,028 5% 5.0% 109.67
10-14 9,728 4,858 4,870 5% 5.0% 99.75
15-19 12,387 5,724 6,663 5% 6.0% 85.91
20-24 13,017 6,042 6,975 6% 7.0% 86.62
25-29 10,833 5,322 5,511 5% 5.0% 96.57
30-34 8,776 4,442 4,334 4% 4.0% 102.49
35-39 7,124 3,662 3,462 3% 3.0% 105.78
40-44 6,298 3,215 3,083 3% 3.0% 104.28
45-49 5,112 2,524 2,588 2% 2.0% 97.53
50-54 4,028 1,987 2,041 2% 2.0% 97.35
55-59 2,855 1,425 1,430 1% 1.0% 99.65
60-64 1,969 952 1,017 1% 1.0% 93.61
65-69 1,229 563 666 1% 1.0% 84.53
70-74 854 394 460 0% 0.40% 85.65
75-79 476 207 269 0% 0.30% 76.95
80 years old
and above 494 174 320 0% 0.30% 54.38
Total 106,818 52,742 54,076 49% 51% 97.53
Source: NSO 2010

Estimated Population by Age-Sex, 2013-2014

The largest age group is those who belong to ages 20-24 years old, followed by those who are 15-19
years old, and consecutively those who are 5-9 years old and the 0-4 years old.

Table 28: Estimated Population by Age and Sex, 2013-2014

Age 2013 2014

28
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

group Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female

0-4 11,774 6,069 5,705 12,225 6,302 5,923
5-9 12,571 6,421 6,150 13,052 6,667 6,386
10-14 11,340 5,722 5,617 11,774 5,942 5,832
15-19 14,166 6,499 7,667 14,709 6,748 7,961
20-24 14,709 6,777 7,932 15,273 7,037 8,236
25-29 11,615 5,842 5,772 12,060 6,066 5,993
30-34 9,558 4,961 4,598 9,925 5,151 4,774
35-39 7,467 3,988 3,479 7,753 4,141 3,612
40-44 6,669 3,488 3,181 6,925 3,622 3,303
45-49 5,720 2,933 2,787 5,939 3,045 2,894
50-54 4,722 2,370 2,352 4,903 2,461 2,442
55-59 3,417 1,708 1,708 3,548 1,774 1,774
60-64 2,420 1,207 1,214 2,513 1,253 1,260
65-69 1,536 766 770 1,595 795 799
70-74 1,076 488 588 1,117 507 610
75-79 619 271 348 643 281 361
80+ 612 233 379 636 242 393
MPDO Pop’n Estimates from Census 2010; assumption: disaggregation is the same as CBMS 2010

Age Dependency

In census 2000, the age dependency ratio is computed at 60.9. This means that for every 100 persons in
the working age group, 61 persons are dependent on them. Potentially, 39.1% of the population can
(between the ages 15 years old to less than 65 years old) contribute to the production of goods and
services.

This situation changed in 2007, where the age dependency ratio decreased to 31.49, meaning that for
every 100 persons, 32 persons are dependent, lesser than half of the figure in year 2000. Potentially,
there are more people in 2007, 69 out of 100 persons who can contribute economically to the
production of goods and services.

For 2010, the estimated age dependency ratio is 49, meaning, there are 49 persons dependent on every
100 persons. The young-age dependency ratio is 44.35, more than the figure in 2007, but less than the
figure in 2000. 2014 projected dependency ratio show that there is an increase in the labor force of
about 16% from that of the 2010 figure.

Table 29: Dependency Ratios, 2000- 2014

Dependency Ratios Census 2000 Census 2007 CBMS 2010 Est. Popn 2014*
Young-age dependency ratio (0-14) 56.7 28.93 44.3 44.35
Old-age dependency ratio (65+) 4.1 2.56 4.80 4.77
Age dependency ratio 60.9 31.49 49.1 49.12
Working Age group (15-64) 39.1 68.54 50.9 67.06
*MPDO Estimates; Assumption: Disaggregation is based on CBMS 2010.

Median Age : 24.50 years old

The population has a median age of 24.50 years old. This means that half of the population belongs to
the young population (below 24 years old).

Population by Religious Affiliation

29
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Census 2000 shows that the majority of the population are Roman Catholic at 67%. This is followed by
the Philippine Episcopal Church at 12% and Evangelicals at 6%. In 2010, the percentage of Roman
Catholics decreased to 64 %. Those who belong to the Philippine Episcopal Church decreased also to 4%
and the Baptists at 2%.

Table 30: Population by Religious Affiliation, 2000, 2010

Yr. Year 2000/a Year 2010/b
Religious Affiliation # % # %
Aglipayan 20 0.03 100 0.11%
Association of Baptist Churches 14 0.02 - -
Association of Fundamental Baptist Church 426 0.63 - -
Assembly of God - - 1,029 1.16%
Born Again Christian - - 2,150 2.42%
Bible Baptist 441 0.66 1,972 2.22%
Buddhist 21 0.03 - -
Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints 186 0.28 311 0.0035
Convention of the Philippine Baptist Church 457 0.68 - -
Evangelicals 3,753 5.58 156 0.18%
Iglesia Evangelista Methodista en Las Filipinas 136 0.2 - -
Iglesia ni Cristo 1,140 1.7 1,895 2.13%
Islam 113 0.17 324 0.36%
Jehovah's Witnesses 987 1.47 951 1.07%
KKMI 234 0.26% 234 0.26%
Lutheran Church in the Philippines 668 0.99 421 0.47%
Nazarene - - 149 0.17%
Other Baptist 282 0.42 - -
Other Methodist 138 0.21 - -
Other Protestant 1,044 1.55 913 1.03%
Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association 284 0.42 - -
Philippine Episcopal Church 8,217 12.22 15,772 4.34%
Roman Catholic 45,314 67.4 57,016 64.07%
Salvation Army, Philippines 9 0.01 - -
Seventh Day Adventist 434 0.65 161 0.18%
Southern Baptist 233 0.35 177 0.20%
Tribal Religions 129 0.19 - -
United Church of Christ in the Philippines 1,349 2.01 785 0.88%
United Methodist Church 43 0.06 - -
Unknown 197 0.29 2,485 2.79%
Wesleyan 207 0.23%
None 95 0.14 647 0.73%
Other Religions 1,101 1.64 1,235 1.39%
Total 67,231 89,090
: /a /b
Source Census 2000, CBMS 2010

Population by Ethnicity

The original settlers of La Trinidad during the earliest part of its history are the Ibalois. During the census
of year 2000, almost a third of the population or 30% are Kankanaey, 27% are Ilocanos and 23% are
Ibaloi. The remaining 20% consists of 81 different ethnic groups found all over the country. In 2010,
CBMS survey shows that the Kankanaey now comprise 43% of the population. The Ibalois consists of
26% of the population. The rest of the population are of several ethno-linguistic groups from Luzon to
Mindanao, a melting pot of highland and lowland cultures.

30
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Table 31: Population by Ethnicity, Census 2000

Ethnicity Both Sexes % Ethnicity Both Sexes %
Aggay 14 0.02 Itneg 22 0.03
Akeanon/Aklanon 33 0.05 Kalinga 271 0.40
Apayao/Yapayao 27 0.04 Kankanai/Kankanaey 20,780 30.91
Applai 476 0.71 Kapampangan 129 0.19
Ayangan 59 0.09 Karao 12 0.02
Balangao/Baliwon 14 0.02 Kinalinga 10 0.01
Bikol/Bicol 58 0.09 Kiniray-a 13 0.02
Bisaya/Binisaya 127 0.19 Maranao 46 0.07
Bontok/Binontok 244 0.36 Masbateño/Masbatenon 11 0.02
Cebuano 44 0.07 Pangasinan/Panggalato 441 0.66
Hamtikanon 17 0.03 Surigaonon 412 0.61
Hiligaynon, Ilonggo 63 0.09 Tagalog 4,106 6.11
Ibaloi/Inibaloi 16,383 24.37 Tausug 18 0.03
Ibanag 18 0.03 Waray 13 0.02
Ibontoc 2,118 3.15 Other Local Ethnicity 185 0.28
Ifugao 747 1.11 Chinese 35 0.05
Ikalahan/Kalanguya 1,044 1.55 American/English 136 0.20
Ilocano 18,847 28.03 Other Foreign Ethnicity 19 0.03
Iranon 18 0.03 Not Reported 221 0.33

Table 32: Population by Ethnicity, CBMS 2010

Indigenous Tribe Both Sexes % Indigenous Tribe Both Sexes %
Aberling 8 0.01% Itawes 16 0.02%
Aeta 77 0.09% Kabihug 6 0.01%
Agta 7 0.01% Kalanguya 1,126 1.27%
Applai 805 0.90% Kalinga 670 0.75%
Aromanen 11 0.01% Kankanaey 38,450 43.21%
Ati 10 0.01% Kapampangan 111 0.12%
Ayangan 5 0.01% Karao 39 0.04%
Badjao 9 0.01% Ifugao 34 0.04%
Bago 985 1.11% Mandaya 14 0.02%
Balangao 55 0.06% Mangyan 60 0.07%
Batangeṅo 6 0.01% Manobo 11 0.01%
Bicolano 94 0.11% Maranao 5 0.01%
Bisaya 208 0.23% Moro 61 0.07%
B'laan 11 0.01% Palawano 8 0.01%
Boholano 13 0.01% Pangasinense 380 0.43%
Bontoc 1,243 1.40% Samal 6 0.01%
Bukidnon 15 0.02% Tagakaolo 5 0.01%
Bulakeṅo 14 0.02% Tagalog 685 0.77%
Cebuano 66 0.07% Tagbanua 25 0.03%
Zamboangueño 6 0.01% Tarlakeṅo 5 0.01%
Cimaron 5 0.01% Tausug 5 0.01%
Gaddang 23 0.03% Teduray 8 0.01%
Ibaloi 23,719 26.65% Tinguian 34 0.04%
Ibanag 297 0.33% Ifugao-Tuwali 95 0.11%
Ifugao 1,167 1.31% Waray 26 0.03%
Igorot 747 0.84% Zambal 15 0.02%
Ikalahan 47 0.05% Others 78 0.09%
Ilocano 2,723 3.06% American 8 0.01%
Ilonggo/ Bugkalot 69 0.08% Not Stated 1,098 1.23%

31
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Isinai 7 0.01% None 13,300 14.95%

Isneg/ Itneg 154 0.17% Total 32,606
Source: CBMS 2010

In- Migration

CBMS survey results show that in 2010, there was a total of 33,299 in-migrants in La Trinidad. More than
one third of them or 35% are found in Pico, 19% are in Balili, and 7% are found in Poblacion. The in-
migration rate of La Trinidad is very high at 292.67%.

Table 33: Number of Migrants by Barangay, 2010

Barangay Male Female Both Sexes %
Alapang 620 638 1258 4%
Alno 166 177 343 1%
Ambiong 1028 1063 2091 6%
Bahong 418 443 861 3%
Balili 2922 3491 6413 19%
Beckel 272 278 550 2%
Betag 591 738 1329 4%
Bineng 62 56 118 0%
Cruz 475 533 1008 3%
Lubas 679 766 1445 4%
Pico 5628 5979 11607 35%
Poblacion 1021 1241 2262 7%
Puguis 843 981 1824 5%
Shilan 197 212 409 1%
Tawang 698 742 1440 4%
Wangal 151 190 341 1%
La Trinidad 15,771 17,528 33,299 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Length of Residency

More than one third of the population, at 37%, have been residents of La Trinidad since birth. But
almost one third also, at 30% has been residing in La Trinidad for 5 years and less. And 13% have been in
La Trinidad for 6 to 10 years. This confirms the very high in-migration rate of the municipality.

Table 34: Length of Residency in the Barangay, 2010

Length of Residency Both Sexes % Length of Residency Both Sexes %
0 - 5 Years 26,455 29.73%
6 - 10 Years 11,257 12.65% 46 - 50 Years 426 0.48%
11 - 15 Years 5,784 6.50% 51 - 55 Years 243 0.27%
16 - 20 Years 4,512 5.07% 56 - 60 Years 197 0.22%
21 - 25 Years 2,571 2.89% 61 - 65 Years 114 0.13%
26 - 30 Years 2,183 2.45% 66 Years and Above 158 0.18%
31 - 35 Years 1,020 1.15% Since Birth 32,650 36.69%

32
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

36 - 40 Years 866 0.97% Not Stated 124 0.14%

41 - 45 Years 430 0.48% Total 88,990
Source: CBMS 2010

Household Population 5 yrs. old and over by Place of Residence, 5 years ago

Table 35: Household Population, 5 years old and over by Place of Residence 5 years ago, Census 2000
Place of Residence, 5 years ago Male % Female % Both Sexes %
La Trinidad 27,262 46.23 27,221 46.16 54,483 92.38
Other Municipality/Same Province 891 1.51 972 1.65 1,863 3.16
Other Province 627 1.06 735 1.25 1,362 2.31
Foreign Country 101 0.17 178 0.30 279 0.47
Unknown 492 0.83 496 0.84 988 1.68
Source: NSO, Census 2000

In year 2000, 92% of those living in La Trinidad had resided in La Trinidad for at least 5 years. About 3%
are from the province of Benguet. Another 2.31% are from other provinces and about 0.47% are from
foreign countries.

Table 36: Household Population, 5 years old and over by Place of Residence 5 years ago, Census 2010
Place of Residence, 5 years ago Male % Female % Both Sexes %
La Trinidad 43,405 49.31 44,613 50.69 88,018 92.00
Other Municipality/Same Province 1,948 2.21 2,252 2.56 4,200 4.00
Other Province 1,552 1.76 1,726 0.02 3,278 4.00
Foreign Country 100 0.11 125 0.14 225 0.24
Unknown 0 1 1 0.00
Source: NSO, Census 2010

NSO Census result in 2010 revealed that 92% of those living in La Trinidad had resided in La Trinidad for
at least 5 years. About 4% are from the province of Benguet, 4% from other provinces and about 0.24%
are from foreign countries.

Voting Population

More than half of the population, at 63% or 61,247 persons were in the voting age group during the
conduct of Census 2007. But out of this, there are only 35,618 registered voters, or 56% of the potential
voting population. This means that the almost half of the existing adult population in La Trinidad, do not
cast their votes here. During the conduct of the May 10, 2010 elections 27,977, or 82% of the registered
voters actually casted their vote. Registered voters increased to 37,295 in May of 2013. As of April 30,
2015, the COMELEC reported a total of 36,169 registered voters which is expected to increase as the
voters’ registration is still on-going and to end by October of 2015.

Table 37: Voting Population, 2012-2014

Year 2010 Nov 2012 May 2013 April 2015
Registered Voters 34,315 35,883 37,295 36,169
Voters deactivated for not voting for 2 consecutive - - - 4,672
elections
Voters who transferred - 364 96 73
Cancelled Registered Voters by reason of Death - 14 - 29
Established Precincts - 54 54 224
Clustered Precincts 48 54 109 109
Voting Centers - 26 26 26
Source: COMELEC-La Trinidad

33
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

IV. EDUCATION

As the capital town of the province, the municipality has served as an educational center for its
neighboring municipalities. Second to Baguio City, the municipality is touted as one of the prime
education centers in the province. And the Benguet State University is recognized as one the Centers of
Education Excellence in the country. Aside from being the center of agricultural education, it has
branched out to offer services in undergraduate and graduate studies in the arts, sciences humanities,
natural sciences, humanities and other technical courses.

Literacy

The simple literacy rate has increased since 1995 to 2006 from 94.77% to 97.98%. This slightly increased
to 97.99% during Census 2007. In the CBMS 2010, it slightly decreased to 97.68.

Table 38: Literacy Rates: 1995, 2000, 2006, 2007, 2010

/a /a /b /a /c
Year 1995 2000 2006 2007 2010
Simple Literacy Rate 94.77% 96.19% 97.98% 97.99 97.68
Sources: /a Census , /b MPDO computations from the Education Monitoring Survey, 2006, Mun. Social Welfare &
Development Office- People’s Initiative for Learning and Community Development- Action for Economic Reform
(MSWDO-PILCD-AER), /c CBMS

At the barangay level, Cruz has the highest literacy rate at 98.85, followed by Betag, at 98.66%, and Pico
at 98.48%. Poblacion has the highest illiteracy rate at 4.38%, followed by Beckel at 3.85, and Bahong at
3.78%.

Table 39: Literacy By Barangay and Sex, 10 years old and above, 2010
Literacy Literate Illiterate Not Total
Barangay M F Total Rate M F Total Rate Stated

Alapang 1,469 1,480 2,949 97.88% 37 27 64 2.12% - 3,013

Alno 903 857 1,760 97.72% 22 19 41 2.28% - 1,801
Ambiong 2,098 2,089 4,187 98.15% 37 42 79 1.85% - 4,266
Bahong 1,623 1,556 3,179 96.22% 61 64 125 3.78% - 3,304
Balili 6,008 6,549 12,557 98.12% 100 140 240 1.88% - 12,797
Beckel 1,247 1,178 2,425 96.15% 43 54 97 3.85% - 2,522
Betag 1,432 1,666 3,098 98.66% 20 21 41 1.31% 1 3,140
Bineng 572 467 1,039 96.03% 21 16 37 3.42% 6 1,082
Cruz 1,160 1,254 2,414 98.85% 11 16 27 1.11% 1 2,442
Lubas 1,652 1,737 3,389 98.15% 22 42 64 1.85% - 3,453
Pico 5,037 5,129 10,166 98.48% 69 88 157 1.52% - 10,323
Poblacion 3,005 3,215 6,220 95.60% 136 149 285 4.38% 1 6,506
Puguis 2,525 2,494 5,019 97.59% 55 67 122 2.37% 2 5,143
Shilan 1,534 1,318 2,852 96.65% 44 53 97 3.29% 2 2,951
Tawang 2,386 2,350 4,736 98.11% 34 57 91 1.89% - 4,827
Wangal 1,646 1,642 3,288 98.09% 25 39 64 1.91% - 3,352
Municipal 34,297 34,981 69,278 97.68% 737 894 1,631 2.30% 13 70,922
Source: CBMS 2010

In Census year 2000, those who have reached at least elementary level was at 30% of the household
population 5 years old and over. In a local study in 2006, it was at 35% of the household population 6
years old and over. This was reduced to 22.4% in 2007 Census.

34
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

In year 2000, 14% of the household population 5 years and over, graduated high school. This increased
to 16% in 2006 and 22% in 2007. The same trend is true for college graduates: only 8% in year 2000,
increasing to 13% in 2006, and further increasing to 18% in 2007.

Table 40: Highest Educational Attainment (2000, 2006, 2007)

/a /b /c
Highest 2000 Census 2006 Literacy Survey 2007 Census
Educational hh pop’n 6 yrs old hh pop’n
Attainment 5 Yrs + % & over % 6 Yrs + %
No Grade Completed 2,203 3.74% 1,531 2.02% 1,705 2.01%
Pre-School 1,462 2.48% 1,564 2.07% 1,903 2.25%
Elementary 17,695 30.00% 26,826 35.43% 18,977 22.40%
(1st - 4th Grade) (9,091) (15.42%) (12799) (16.91%) (9,081) (10.72%)
(5th - 7th Grade) (8,604) (14.59%) (7530) (9.95%) (2,362) (2.79%)
(Graduate) (6498) (8.58%) (7,534) (8.89%)
High School 16,760 28.42% 25,046 33.08% 27,256 32.18%
(Undergraduate) (8,603) (14.59%) (12967) (17.13%) (8,920) (10.53%)
(Graduate) (8,157) (13.83%) (12079) (15.95%) (18,336) (21.65%)
Post-Secondary 3,416 5.79% 1,896 2.50% 3,446 4.07%
(Undergraduate) (672) (1.14%) (138) (0.16%)
(Graduate) (2,744) (4.65%) (3,308) (3.91%)
College 15,853 26.88% 18,428 24.34% 30,040 35.47%
(College Undergrad) (11,318) (19.19%) (8365) (11.05%) (14,532) (17.16%)
(Degree Holder) (4,535) (7.69%) (10063) (13.29%) (15,508) (18.31%)
Post-Baccalaureate 385 0.65% 317 0.42% 487 0.57%
Not Stated 1,201 2.04% 101 0.13% 894 1.06%
TOTAL 58,975 75,708 84,708
Sources: /a Census , /b /c
MPDO computations from the Education Monitoring Survey, 2006), CBMS

NSO Survey results in 2010 show that 22,591 or 24% of the total population in school age have reached
Elementary Level. 28,526 or 30% of the population were in high school, where 14,926 are males and
13,600 were females. There were 18,772 Academic Degree Holders, wherein 7,431 are males and
11,341 are females. Noticeably, there are a lot more female degree holders than males. There is a
continuing increase in college graduates where 18,772 or 20% of the total population were able to
graduate.

Table 41: Highest Grade/Year Completed of 5 years Old and Over, 2010

35
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

HH Popn
Highest Grade/Year % to total % to total % to total
5 years Male Female
Completed by Sex Population Population Population
Old and
No Grade Completed 2,009 2% 894 1% 1,115 1%
Preschool 2,952 3% 1,552 2% 1,400 1%
Elementary 22,591 24% 12,482 13% 10,109 11%
Ist to 4th Grade 11,016 12% 6,046 6% 4,970 5%
5th to 6th Grade 4,051 4% 2,232 2% 1,819 2%
Graduate 7,524 8% 4,204 4% 3,320 3%
High School 28,526 30% 14,926 16% 13,600 14%
Undergraduate 10,859 11% 5,746 6% 5,113 5%
Graduate 17,667 18% 9,180 10% 8,487 9%
Post Secondary 3,071 3% 1,602 2% 1,469 2%
Undergraduate 544 1% 284 0% 260 0%
Graduate 2,527 3% 1,318 1% 1,209 1%
College Undergraduate 16,363 17% 7,457 8% 8,906 9%
Academic Degree Holder 18,772 20% 7,431 8% 11,341 12%
Post Baccalaureate 1,015 1% 468 0% 547 1%
Not Stated 423 0% 193 0% 230 0%
Total 95,722 47,005 49% 48,717 51%
Source: NSO Census 2010

Highest Educational Attainment, 3 years old and above (2010)

In 2010, the household population, 3 years old and over, 7.31% was an elementary graduate, while
16.38% were high school graduates. Another 2.55% were post-secondary graduates, 16.35% were
college graduates, and 0.48% had a Master’s Degree.

Table 42: Educational Attainment, Household population 3 years old and above
Sex Male Female Both Sexes
Educational Attainment # % # % # %
No Grade 3381 4.01% 3368 4.00% 6749 8.01%
Day Care 959 1.14% 857 1.02% 1816 2.16%
Nursery/Kindergarten/Preparatory 887 1.05% 854 1.01% 1741 2.07%
Grade 1 1306 1.55% 1185 1.41% 2491 2.96%
Grade 2 1309 1.55% 1074 1.28% 2383 2.83%
Grade 3 1395 1.66% 1073 1.27% 2468 2.93%
Grade 4 1292 1.53% 1082 1.28% 2374 2.82%
Grade 5 1314 1.56% 1056 1.25% 2370 2.81%
Grade 6/7 494 0.59% 411 0.49% 905 1.07%
Elementary Graduate 3398 4.03% 2756 3.27% 6154 7.31%
1st Year High School 1684 2.00% 1388 1.65% 3072 3.65%
2nd Year High School 1778 2.11% 1516 1.80% 3294 3.91%
3rd Year High School 1427 1.69% 1479 1.76% 2906 3.45%
4th/5th Year High School 496 0.59% 454 0.54% 950 1.13%
High School graduate 7059 8.38% 6734 7.99% 13793 16.38%
1st year Post Secondary 266 0.32% 181 0.21% 447 0.53%
2nd year Post Secondary 360 0.43% 324 0.38% 684 0.81%
3rd year Post Secondary 90 0.11% 73 0.09% 163 0.19%
Post-Secondary graduate 1195 1.42% 957 1.14% 2152 2.55%
1st year College 1806 2.14% 2092 2.48% 3898 4.63%
2nd year College 1922 2.28% 2381 2.83% 4303 5.11%

36
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

3rd year College 1501 1.78% 1776 2.11% 3277 3.89%

4th year College or higher 676 0.80% 715 0.85% 1391 1.65%
College graduate 5552 6.59% 8223 9.76% 13775 16.35%
With units Masters/Doctors 97 0.12% 119 0.14% 216 0.26%
Doctors/Master’s degree 162 0.19% 239 0.28% 401 0.48%
Not Stated 27 0.03% 29 0.03% 56 0.07%
Total 41833 49.67% 42396 50.33% 84229 100.00%
Source: CBMS 2010

Household Population, 5 to 24 years old Attending School, 2007

Seventy percent of those between the ages of 5 to 24 years old were attending school in SY 2007-2008.
Of the 70%, 33% were males, and 36 % were females. For the thirty percent who were not attending,
14% were males and 16% were females. Of the total household population 5 to 24 yrs. old not attending
school, 21% belonged to the age group 20 to 24 years old. And 7% belonged to the 15-19 years old
group.

Table 43: Household Population, aged 5 to 24 years old who are Attending School, 2007
HH Popn 5 to 24 Age Group
y/o Attending % to Popn 5-9 % 10- 14 % 15 - 19 % 20 - 24 %
Total 31316 70% 8629 19% 8089 18% 10782 24% 3816 8%
Male 14979 33% 4497 10% 4042 9% 4630 10% 1810 4%
Female 16337 36% 4132 9% 4047 9% 6152 14% 2006 4%
HH Pop 5 to 24 y/o Age Group
Not Attending % to Popn 5-9 % 10- 14 % 15 - 19 % 20 - 24 %
Total 13,603 30% 573 1% 305 1% 3,354 8% 9,371 21%
Male 6,338 14% 318 1% 182 0% 1,581 4% 4,257 9%
Female 7,265 16% 255 1% 123 0% 1,773 4% 5,114 11%
Source: Census 2007

Highest Educational Attainment of those attending school, 3 years old and above, 2010

In 2010, there was a total of 29,083 who were attending school, where 5.87% were enrolled in the Day
Care service, 6.22% were in pre-school, 49.37 were in elementary, 21.35% were in high school, 1.33%
were in post-secondary school, 27.61% were in college, and 0.34% were taking their Masteral Degree.

Table 44: Highest Educational Attainment of those Attending School

Sex Male Female Both sexes
Grade/Year Level # % # % # %
Day Care 855 2.94% 851 2.93% 1706 5.87%
Nursery/Kindergarten/Preparatory 939 3.23% 870 2.99% 1809 6.22%
Grade 1 1058 3.64% 990 3.40% 2048 7.04%
Grade 2 1001 3.44% 922 3.17% 1923 6.61%
Grade 3 964 3.31% 883 3.04% 1847 6.35%
Grade 4 916 3.15% 869 2.99% 1785 6.14%
Grade 5 883 3.04% 828 2.85% 1711 5.88%
Grade 6/7 748 2.57% 781 2.69% 1529 5.26%
Total in Elementary 7364 25.32% 6994 24.05% 14358 49.37%
1st Year HS 875 3.01% 851 2.93% 1728 5.94%
2nd Year HS 724 2.49% 810 2.79% 1534 5.27%
3rd Year HS 655 2.25% 767 2.64% 1422 4.89%
4th/5th Year HS 677 2.33% 847 2.91% 1524 5.24%

37
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Total in High School 2931 10.08% 3275 11.26% 6208 21.35%

1st year PS 128 0.44% 100 0.34% 228 0.78%
2nd year PS 48 0.17% 52 0.18% 100 0.34%
3rd year PS 28 0.10% 31 0.11% 59 0.20%
Total in Post-Secondary 204 0.70% 183 0.63% 387 1.33%
1st year College 1020 3.51% 1366 4.70% 2386 8.20%
2nd year College 965 3.32% 1193 4.10% 2158 7.42%
3rd year College 786 2.70% 1031 3.55% 1817 6.25%
4th year College or higher 720 2.48% 949 3.26% 1669 5.74%
Total in College 3491 12.00% 4539 15.61% 8030 27.61%
Post Graduate School 40 0.14% 58 0.20% 98 0.34%
Not Stated 3 0.01% 1 0.00% 4 0.01%
Total 14033 48.25% 15050 51.75% 29083 100.00%
Source: CBMS 2010

Children, aged 6 to 16 years old, Not Attending Elementary and High School, 2010

In 2010, a total of 327 children between the ages of 6 to 12 years old were recorded to be not attending
elementary. Barangay Poblacion had the most number of children not in elementary, and Bineng has the
least number. While a total of 590 children between the ages of 13 to 16 years old were not attending
high school. Of the barangays, Puguis recorded the most number while Bineng had the least number of
children not attending high school.

Table 45: No. of Children not attending Elementary and High School
Children 6 to 12 years old Children 13-16 years old
Barangay Not attending Elementary Not attending High School
Alapang 19 21
Alno 2 15
Ambiong 23 23
Bahong 17 36
Balili 32 52
Beckel 7 12
Betag 1 6
Bineng 26 22
Cruz 14 16
Lubas 18 48
Pico 43 89
Poblacion 49 51
Puguis 28 91
Shilan 30 43
Tawang 5 40
Wangal 15 25
Total 327 590
Source: CBMS 2010
Educational Facilities
There are a growing number of pre-schools in La Trinidad today with a total of 33 schools. There
are 24 Public elementary schools in the municipality and one school for special children. In terms of
secondary schools, there are 8 public and 7 private schools. The Benguet State University is the lone
state university in the municipality and there are 8 private colleges. Moreover, there are a growing
number of vocational/ technical schools. This may be due to the increased demand for skilled workers
abroad. To date, there are 3 public schools and 23 registered private schools. Among the private
technical vocational schools, there are 8 schools with language programs.

38
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Pre- School & Elementary

Table 46: Private Pre-Schools and Elementary Schools by Location, SY 2013-2014

Name of School Category Location
Advocates Academic College, Inc. Pre-school Balili
Benguet Learning Center, Inc. Pre- School& Elementary Wangal
Benguet Lilly Educational Center, Inc. Kinder I & II Shilan
Brilliant Child Christian Academy Pre-School & Elementary Km. 6, Betag
Central Balili Wesleyan Academy, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Balili
Cordillera Career Development College Pre-School & Elementary Poblacion
Epiphany Learning Center Inc. Pre- School, Grades I-V Km. 5, Betag
Full Bright Preparatory School, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Betag
Globalight Vision Center Pre-School, Grade I-IV Cruz
God’s Lamb Academy Pre-School & Elementary Poblacion
Holy Chapel Educational Center, Inc. Pre-School, Grade I-IV Poblacion
HOPE Christian Academy Pre-School & Elementary Km. 5, Balili
Immaculate Heart of Mary School of La Trinidad, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Pico
Immanuel Family Learning Institute of The Phils. Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Ambiong
Keys of the Kingdom Ministries Learning Center Pre- School, Grades I-V Pico
La Trinidad Nazarene Learners Center Pre-School & Elementary Pico
Lifeway Preschool Pre-school Wangal
Little Flower Children’s Home Foundation, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Km. 4, Balili
Molders of Dreams Educational Center Pre-School & Elementary Puguis
Orientian School, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Betag
Our Lady of Nativity School of Ambiong, Inc. Pre-School Ambiong
Philippine Asia Bible College Foundation, Inc. Pre-school & Elementary Pico
Rainbow Mission Int’l Academy, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Poblacion
Royal Educational Achievers School, Inc.- REACH Pre-School & Elementary Pico
San Jose School of La Trinidad, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Poblacion
Shekinah Educational Center of Benguet, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Pico
Star Educational Christian Foundation Pre-School & Elementary Pico
St. Therese School of Tomay, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Bahong
Sunbeam Learning Center Pre-School & Elementary Pico
Super Kids Learning Center Pre-School & Elementary Puguis
The Montessori Academy of La Trinidad, Beng., Inc Pre-School & Elementary Km. 4, Balili
UCCP Integrated School Pre-School & Elementary Cabanao Balili
VETEC Foundation, Inc. Pre-School & Elementary Shilan
Source: DedEd, LT Div. Office, 2013-2014, MPDO Survey

Table 47: List of Public Elementary Schools

1. Alapang Camp Dangwa E/S 13. Lamtang E/S
2. Alno Kadoorie E/S 14. Longlong E/S
3. Ambiong E/S 15. Lubas E/S
4. Bahong E/S 16. Pagal E/S
5. Balili E/S 17. Pico Bayabas E/S
6. Balukas E/S 18. Puguis E/S
7. Beckel E/S 19. Tacdian E/S
8 Bineng E/S 20. Tawang E/S
9. Bodiweng E/S 21. Talinguroy E/S
10. Buyagan E/S 22. Wangal E/S
11. Lamut E/S 23. Benguet Special Education Center
12. La Trinidad Central School 24. BSU Elementary Department

39
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

High School

Table 48: List of High Schools by Location

Private San Jose High School Department Poblacion
CCDC High School Department Poblacion
Star Education Christian Foundation Pico
HOPE Christian Academy, Inc. Wangal
La Trinidad Nazarene Learners Center Pico
Rainbow Mission International Academy, Inc. Poblacion
Sunbeam Learning Center Pico
Kings College of the Philippines Pico
Philippine Asia Bible College Foundation, Inc. Pico
Public 1.Benguet National High School – Main Wangal
2. Benguet National High School – Alno Extension Alno
3. Benguet National High School – Bineng Extension Bineng
4. Benguet National High School Annex Puguis
5. La Trinidad National High School Lubas
6. Cordillera Regional Science High School Wangal
7 Benguet State University – Voag High School Balili
8. Benguet State University – Science High School Balili
9. Eastern La Trinidad National High School Beckel
Source: DepED-LT, SY2013-14

Tertiary Level
Table 49: List of Colleges and Universities by Location
Public 1. Benguet State University Balili

Private 1. Cordillera Career Development College Poblacion

2. King’s Colleges of the Philippines-Benguet Pico
3. Luzon Nazarene Bible College Pico
4. Benguet Vocational School Colleges, Inc. Pico
5. HML International College Km. 4, Pico
6. Triniville Central College Km. 3, Balili
7. Culinary Arts Hotel Entrepreneurial & Travel Services Academy Inc. Km. 4, Balili
8. Philippine College of Ministry of Baguio City, Inc. Puguis
Source: CHED

Technical Vocational
Table 50: List of Technical- Vocational Schools by Location
Private with Advocates Academic College, Inc. Km. 4, Pico
Regular Northskills Polytechnic College, Inc.(Formerly BOLTC)
Programs Benguet Vocational School Colleges, Inc. Pico
Cordillera Career Development College Poblacion
Cordillera Quest Betag
King’s College of the Philippines-Benguet Pico
Jekkara Overseas Training. Center, Inc. Betag
JPC Heavy Equipment Training Center
Maxim Clark Academy, Inc.
Montañosa College Km. 6, Betag
La Trinidad Valley Institute of Technology Betag
Private Triniville Central College Km. 3, Balili

40
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

with Top Class Language Academy, Inc.

Language Dream English Learning Center Philippines, Inc. Km. 4, Pico
Programs The Units English Tutorial Institute, Inc.
Help English Language Program Inc. Puguis
Aim High English Academy Inc.
Talaria Academy for Learning English Inc. Beckel
Cordillera Speech Management & Rhetoric Training Services
Other Transcription Learning Center, Inc.
Private Lifetrend Academy, Inc. Pico
Flex Impact Security Training Services, Inc.
Immanuel Family Learning Institute of the Philippines, Inc.
Public Benguet Livelihood Productivity Center Wangal
Benguet State University Balili
Source: TESDA, Licensing Section-Mayor’s Office

Enrolment by Level of Education

With the growing population, there is an increasing trend in enrolment at all levels of education.

Table 51: Enrolment by Pre-School, Elementary, Secondary, and Tertiary (SY 2009-2014)
School SY SY SY SY SY SY
Level 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15
M F M F
/c
Pre-School 1432 1333 3,035 2,709 1,315 1,315
/c /c
Public 57 446 1,319 1,428 807 807 753 751
Private 1375 1293 1,372 1,281 508 508 ND ND
/c
Elementary 11993 12390 13,226 13,110 7,049 7,049 8,194 7,550
Public 8682 8931 9,111 9,391 4,960 4,960 5,766 5,348
Private 3311 3459 3,602 3,719 2,089 2,089 2,428 2,202
Secondary 6040 6228 6,288 6,687 3,333 3,333 3,472 3,728
Public 3523 3653 3,710 3,821 1,864 1,864 1,980 2,150
Private 2517 2575 2,578 2,796 1,469 1,469 1,492 1,578
/c /c
Tertiary 9,800 10,957 11,580 11,921 5413 5413
/c /c
Public 6,680 7,230 7,229 8144 3107 3107 ND ND
/c /c
Private 3,120 3,727 4,351 3777 2306 2306 ND ND
/c
Total 29,307 30,908 34,129 34,427 17,110 17,110
/c
Source: DepEd- La Trinidad District, DepEd-CAR, CHED, : corrected from new data

A decrease is seen in the enrolment in technical/ vocational schools, despite TESDA’s efforts to convince
the young adults to enrol in technical and vocational schools, as there are more employment
opportunities abroad for them.

Table 52: Enrolment in Technical & Vocational Schools, 2008-2014

TYPE OF TECHNICAL 2014
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
SCHOOL Male Female
Public - 951 312 786 960 80 98
4067
Private 1286 3250 6518 2750 3200 1,796 1,736
Total 1286 4201 6830 3530 4160 4,067 1,876 1,834
Source: TESDA

Of the total school enrolment in 2010 at 37,738, 29, 083 students or 77% of all students were currently
residing in La Trinidad, and 8,655 or 23% of the total student population were from nearby areas.

41
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Performance Indicators

Elementary Level

In terms of performance indicators, the cohort survival rate, which shows the proportion of enrolees in
the beginning of the grade or school-year who reached grade 6, has decreased from 84% in SY 2012-
2013, 83.35% in SY 2013-2014 and further decreased to a low rate of 73.92 in the last SY 2014-2015.

The retention rate, the proportion of the enrolment in the school year that continues to be in school in
the following year, is placed at a high 98% for SY 2012-2013 , but decreased to 96.52 in SY 2013-2014.

The transition rate, the percentage of pupils who graduate from one level of education and move on to
the next higher level (from primary to intermediate or from intermediate to secondary), is at 100% for
school year 2012-13 which has decreased to 96.90% in 2014.

The repetition rate, the proportion of pupils who enrolled in the same grade/year more than once to the
total number of pupils in that grade/year during the previous year, is at .88%.

The completion rate, the percentage of first year entrants in a cycle of education surviving to the end of
the cycle, is at a low 73.23% during school year 2014-15.

The Dropout rate, the proportion of pupils/students who leave school during the school year as well as
those who complete the grade/year level but fail to enrol in the next grade/year level the following
school year to the total number of pupils/students enrolled during the previous school year, is generally
nil in the past school-years. In SY 2014-2015, it has increased to a rate of .93%.

The failure rate also shows a very low percentage for the past school years at 0.79%.

The Graduation rate, (the proportion of pupils/students who finished grade 6 in the present year
compared to the number of pupils/students who enrolled in grade 6 in the present year), has been
generally high in the past years, and even higher during the last school year with 98.11% rate for male
graduates and 99.56% for female graduates or an average of 98.85%. It has further increased to a high
99.76% in SY 2014-2015.

Table 53: Performance Indicators, Elementary Level, SY 2008-2009 to SY ’14-‘15

PERFORMANCE SY SY SY SY SY SY 13-14 SY 14-15
INDICATORS (%) 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 M F Ave.
Cohort Survival rate 83 86 87 93 84 78.43 88.27 83.35 73.92
Retention rate 96 96 98 84 98 97.25 95.78 96.52 ND
Transition rate 97 96 100 99 100 96.13 97.67 96.90 ND
Repetition rate 3 3 2 3 3 2.29 0.87 1.58 0.88
Completion rate 82 86 ND 85 84 82.57 88.57 85.57 73.23
Drop-out rate 0 .04 ND 0.6 0.44 0.36 0.13 0.25 0.93
Failure rate 3 4 ND 4 6 1.07 0.52 0.80 ND
Graduation rate 99 99 ND 99 97 98.11 99.56 98.84 99.76
Source: DepEd- La Trinidad District, ND- No data available
High School Level: Performance Indicators

The performance indicators in the high school level are generally lower compared to those in the
elementary level. The completion rate is at a low 72.63% male and 89.73% female, and the cohort
survival rate is also at a low 75.62% male and 93.34% female as of SY ’13-’14.In SY ’14-’15, the cohort
survival rate is at 85.23% and the retention rate is at 96.62%.

Table 54: Performance Indicators, High School Level, SY 2012 – 2013,2013-’14, and 2014 –‘15
SY SY SY
PERFORMANCE
’12- ‘13 ’13-‘14 ’14 –‘15
INDICATORS
M F Ave. M F Ave. M F Ave.

42
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Rate Rate Rate

Cohort Survival rate 70.57/c 91.84/c 81.50 75.62/c 93.34/c 84.07 76.60/c 92.99/c 85.23
Retention rate 97.09/c 100/c 99.44 96.90/c 99.11/c 98.06 94.51/c 98.54/c 96.62
Transition rate 100/c 100/c 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Repetition rate 5.65/c 0.84/c 3.05 3.49/c 0.75/c 2.02 0.88/c 0.06/c 0.45
Completion rate 65.89/c 87.76/c 77.13 72.63 89.73 80.79 ND ND ND
Drop-out rate 3.42/c 1.59/c 2.44 3.90 1.71 2.75 ND ND ND
Failure rate 3.76/c 1.13/c 2.34 3.87 1.41 2.58 ND ND ND
Graduation rate 95.71/c 98.05/c 97.06 95.92 97.31 96.65 ND ND ND
Source: DepEd-Benguet Division, ND- No data available; /c: corrected from New Data

Sports & Recreation Facilities

All public elementary schools have open school playgrounds, but the move nowadays is to at least to
have a covered court, such as in Puguis and Buyagan Elementary School. This provides a venue for the
pupils to play and for other community purposes.
Moreover, as the capital town of the province, the municipality normally hosts provincial sports meets
annually. Most games are hosted by the Benguet State University, the provincial Stockfarm area, and
other public closed gyms.

Table 55: Sports and Recreation Facilities

Location Sports Facility Area Served
1. Benguet State University 2 Gymnasiums Municipal wide
1 Open Basketball Court
1 Track Oval
2 Volleyball Courts
1 Sepak Takraw Court
1 Open Court
2. Municipal Hall 1 Closed Gymnasium Municipal wide
3. Cordillera College 1 Open Basketball Court Poblacion
4. San Jose High School 1 Closed Gymnasium Poblacion
5. Benguet Capitol 1 Open Gymnasium Provincial wide
6. All Public Elementary Schools 24 Open Playgrounds Respective Brgys
7. DPWH, Stock farm, Wangal 1 Open Basketball Court Wangal
8. Stock farm, Wangal 1 Track Oval Municipal Wide
9. Commission on Audit 1 Open Basketball Court Betag
1 Closed Gym
10. Pico 1 Bowling Lane Municipal Wide
11. Betag, Poblacion, Pico 9 Physical Fitness Gyms Municipal Wide
12. Pico 1 Music Studio Municipal Wide
13. Pico 3 Amusement Centers Municipal Wide
14. Puguis Elementary School 1 Open Gymnasium Barangay Wide
15. Buyagan Elementary School 1 Open Gymnasium Barangay Wide

V. HEALTH

Health Facilities

The 200-bed capacity Benguet General Hospital, one Municipal health Clinic and 22 Barangay Health
Stations are the public health facilities available in the municipality. There are moreover, an increasing
number of private clinics in the municipality and health services also abound in nearby Baguio City.

Table 56: Medical Facilities, 2014

Name of Facility Number Category No. of Beds
Benguet General Hospital 1 Tertiary/ Public 200

43
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Rural Health Unit 1 Mun. Unit -

Barangay Health Stations 22 Mun./Brgy units -
Medical Clinic 10 Private
Dental Clinic 18 Private
Laboratory & Medical 8 Private
Optical 6 Private -
Skin Care 10 Private
Rehabilitation 1 Private
Renal Center 1 Private
Diabetic Clinic 1 Private
79
Source: Licensing Section, Mayor’s Office

Vital Health Indices

The Crude Birth Rate has increased to 26% in 2014 from the figure of the previous year. The Crude
Death Rate however has decreased from 4.85% to 3.40%. The Infant Mortality rate has also decreased
from 18.80% to 10%. The Maternal Mortality rate has increased from 0.31% to 1.20%.

Table 57: Vital Health Indices 2007-2014

Indices (%) 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Crude Birth Rate 17.45 18.28 16.49 18.37 15.67 18.64 20.31 26.00/a
Crude Death Rate 3.42 3.07 4.31 3.12 3.23 3.99 4.85 3.40/a
Infant Mortality Rate 10.00 8.71 12.31 8.90 9.74 9.14 18.8 10.0/b
Maternal Mortality Rate 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 1.72/d 0.33 0.31 1.20
/a /b /d
Rate per 1,000 population Rate per 1,000 live births not from La Trinidad (2011)
Source: Municipal Health Office (MHO)

Leading Causes of Morbidity

The top leading causes of morbidity are primarily due to upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia,
Non-infective Gastroenteritis and Colitis and hypertension in 2013. In 2014, the same diseases were
found to be the top leading causes of morbidity.

Table 58: Leading Causes of Morbidity, 2013 & 2014

2013 2014
Cause Rate Cause Rate
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 44 Upper Respiratory Tract 44.00
Infection
Pneumonia 5.21 Hypertension 9.13
Non-infective Gastroenteritis and 4.67 Pneumonia 8.47
Colitis
Hypertension 4.13 Acute Gastroenteritis 5.70
Disorders of Urinary System, all Lower Respiratory Tract 5.67
forms 3.48 Infections
Influenza 2.48 Influenza 4.46
Acute Bronchitis 2.48 Dental Carries 4.30
Acute Tonsillitis 1.81 Urinary Tract Infection 3.72
Asthma 1.81 Wound/Injuries 3.61
Fever 1.64 Skin Diseases 2.86
Disorder of Skin and Subcutaneous 1.59 Skin Allergy 2.77
Tissue, all forms
Internal Derangement of Knee 1.45 Fever 1.63
Headache Syndromes 1.43 Headache Symptoms 1.60

44
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Musculo-skeletal Strain 0.83 Asthma 1.21

Skin Diseases, all forms 0.81 Anemia 0.46
Source: MHO

Leading Causes of Mortality

The top leading causes of death are due to heart diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases and metabolic
diseases in all forms in 2013. These leading causes of mortality remained during the last year 2014.
Healthy lifestyle measures should be considered by the general public.

Table 59: Leading Causes of Mortality, 2007-2012

CAUSE/ RATE 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Acute Myocardial Infraction 0.26 0.23 0.41 0.24 - 0.28
Cerebro Vascular Disease 0.82 5.0 0.86 0.86 0.28
Hypertension 0.10 0.14 0.19 0.07
Prematurity 0.11 0.16 0.08 0.05
Diabetes Mellitus Type II 0.22 0.19 0.32 0.44 0.09 0.13
Sepsis 0.04 0.26 0.20 0.04 0.06
Coronary Artery Disease 0.17
Chronic Renal Failure 0.11 0.02
Congestive Heart Failure 0.04 0.07
Asphyxia 0.06 0.04
Cancer, all types 0.44 0.41 0.68 0.51 0.48 0.64
Liver Cirrhosis 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.01
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.01
Chronic Glomerulonephritis 0.06 0.02
Renal Disease 0.15 0.05 0.18 0.12 0.02
Respiratory Distress syndrome 0.08 0.02
Rheumatic Heart Disease 0.05
Multiple Physical Injuries 2˚ to Landslide 1.37
Pneumonia 0.11
Heart Diseases 0.07 1.22 0.4
Gunshot Wounds 0.06
Stab Wound 0.05
Congenital Heart Disease 0.04 0.01
Vehicular Accident 0.04 0.05
Intestinal Obstruction 2.94
Thyroid Disorders 1.49
Trauma-Injury, not classified 1.20
Source: MHO

Table 60: Leading Causes of Mortality, 2013-2014

2013 2014
Cause Rate Cause Rate
Heart Diseases, all forms 3.83 Hypertension 2.05
Cancer, all types 2.13 Pneumonia 1.80
Respiratory Diseases, all forms 1.67 Cancer, of all forms 1.60
Metabolic Diseases, all forms 0.83 Cerebrovascular Disease 1.30
Perinatal Diseases, all forms 0.54 Heart Disease, all forms 0.78
Infectious Diseases, all forms 0.37 Diabetes Mellitus 0.66
Diseases of Digestive System, Renal Disease, all forms 0.57
all forms 0.27

45
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Undetermined Sepsis 0.52

Intents(poisoning, hanging,
vehicular accidents) 0.24
Kidney Diseases (Renal), all Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases 0.40
forms 0.21
Congenital Malformations, all Congenital Malformations, all forms 0.28
forms 0.18
Symptoms, Signs and
Abnormal Clinical and
Laboratory Findings 0.16
Injuries, all forms 0.16
Diseases of the Nervous
System, all forms 0.13
Diseases of the Skin and
Subcutaneous Tissue 0.05
Hypertension 0
Pneumonia 0
Cerebrovascular Disease 0
Sepsis 0
Chronic Obstructive
0
Pulmonary Disease
Diabetes Mellitus 0
Source: MHO

Leading Causes of Infant Mortality

The top leading causes of fetal death in 2013 are sepsis, Preterm/ Extremely Low Birth Weight,
Congenital Malformation of Heart, and Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Prematurity, Sepsis, and
Pneumonia are the leading causes of infant mortality in 2014.

Table 61: Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, 2006-2012

CAUSE/ RATE 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Pre-maturity 0.04 2.68 0.10 4.45 2.87 -
Asphyxia Neo-natorum 0.03 1.34 1.15 -
Congenital Heart Disease 2.87 0.01
Hyaline Membrane Disease 0.03 0.67 1.15
Sepsis, Pneumonia 0.03 3.35 0.07 1.27 0.57 0.06
Meningococcemia
Acute Gastroenteritis 0.01 0.01
Respiratory Disease Syndrome 0.09 0.57 0.05
Chronic Placental Insufficiency 0.03
Pulmonary haemorrhage, 0.67
Physical Injuries 2⁰ Landslide 0.04
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 1.27 0.05
Cerebral Palsy 0.05
Intestine Obstruction 0.05
Source: MHO

Table 62: Leading Causes of Infant Mortality, 2013-2014

Cause/Rate 2013 Cause/Rate 2014
Sepsis 16.83 Pre-maturity 28.21
Preterm/ Extremely Low Birth 16.83 Sepsis 25.64
Weight

46
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Congenital Malformation of Heart, 9.9 Pneumonia 17.95

unspecified
Respiratory Distress Syndrome 7.92 Asphyxia Neo-natorum 7.69
Severe Asphyxia 4.95 Respiratory Disease 5.13
Syndrome
Intestinal Obstruction of Newborn 3.96 Pulmonary hemorrhage, 5.13
Cardiopulmonary Arrest
Infantile Cerebral Palsy 2.97 Congenital Heart Disease 2.56
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome 2.97 Anencephaly 2.56
Multiple Congenital Malfunction 2.97 Cord Prolapse 2.56
Pneumonia 2.97 Very low birth weight 2.56
Situs Inversus 1.98
Oligohydramnios 1.98
Source: MHO

Morbidity and Treatment among Households, 2010

In year 2010, 1,015 households, or 4% of the total number of households, had members who did not get
sick. Out of those who did get sick, 71% did not seek treatment for the illness and 24% of household
members sought cure. Almost 43% received treatment from the Benguet Provincial General Hospital,
29% from private hospitals/Clinics, and 15% from the Baguio City General Hospital.

Table 63: Households who Sought Treatment during Sickness, 2010

Availed of Treatment for Sickness hhs %
Yes 5,539 24%
No 16,066 71%
Did Not Get Sick 1,015 4%
Not Stated 7 0%
Total 22,627 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Table 64: Place of Treatment

Place of Treatment # of hh %
Public hospital (provincial) 2,360 43%
Public hospital (city) 852 15%
Public hospital (district) 17 0%
Public hospital (national) 131 2%
Private hospital/clinic 1,606 29%
Rural health units 332 6%
Brgy. health station/center 189 3%
Non-medical/ Non-trained Hilot 34 1%
Others 18 0%
Total 5,539 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Life Expectancy

The Projected Life Expectancy as set at regional levels has been increasing since 1990 from 59.7 years
old to 67.6 years old for males and 65.6 years old to 73 years old for females for 2010-2015.

Table 65: Life Expectancy, 1990-2015

Year Male Female
1990-1995 59.7 65.6

47
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

1995-2000 62.2 67.9

2001-2005 64.5 69.9
2010-2015 67.6 73
Source: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/statwatch.asp

Nutritional Status of Children

The ratio of children (0 to 6 years old) with normal weight decreased from 98.25% in 2012 to 97.12% in
2013 which even decreased slightly to 97% in 2014. For those in primary school under the new
category, 94.44% are of normal weight in 2013 which seem to have slightly decreased from 2012 data of
94.57%. It also increased to 95% for 2014. Much of the government interventions to improve the
nutritional status of the children include increasing nutrition awareness among parents, supplemental
feeding in Day Care Centers, and focus on livelihood projects for families especially for those children
belonging to the low income group.

Table 66: Nutritional Status of Pre-School Children (0-71 months, 0- 6 years old), 2011-2014
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014
Category # % # % # % Male Female Total %
Normal Weight 13,828 98.34 13,732 98.25 10773 97.12 6,380 6,009 12,389 97.0
Severely 14 0.10 28 98.25 174 1.57 39 33 72 0.6
Underweight
Underweight 128 0.91 149 0.20 37 0.33 91 90 181 1.4
Overweight 92 0.65 67 1.07 109 0.28 105 85 190 1.5
Total 14,062 100 13,676 0.48 11,093 100 6,615 6,217 12,832

Table 67: Nutritional Status of Primary School Children, 2012-2014

Year 2012 2013 2014
New Category* # % # % # %
Severely Wasted 79 0.73 56 0.59 35 0.29
Wasted 201 1.87 127 1.35 71 0.58
Normal 10,167 84.57 8,916 94.44 11,560 95.00
Overweight 248 2.31 292 3.09 341 2.80
Obese 56 0.52 50 1.53 162 1.33
Total 10,751 100 9,441 100 12,169 100
Source: MHO, *prescribed under World Health Organization

Family Planning Methods Usage

The use of contraceptives among married women of child-bearing age (from 15-49 years old), exhibits a
decreasing trend. In 2009, the contraceptive prevalence rate was at 41%, but in 2014, this decreased to
34% of married women who use contraceptives. But this can be actually higher, since records of the
Municipal Health Office only show those who avail of the contraceptives from the midwives. Records
from those who get from private clinics/pharmacies are not available. Nevertheless, modern family
planning methods which are the pill and injection, are the more preferred methods among new
acceptors and current users of contraceptives. In 2013, the MHO reported that there were 3,415 users
of contraceptives which increased to 5,318 in 2014.
Table 68: Contraceptive Prevalence Rate, 2009-2014
Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (%) 41 40 34.3 33.6 33.5 34
Current User at the end of the
year 2,348 2,307 2,822 2,477 3,415 5,318
Source: MHO
Table 69: New Family Planning Acceptors by Method, 2010-2014

48
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

NEW
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
ACCEPTORS
Modern FP Users % Users % Users % Users % Users %
Method
Pills 793 37.4 214 11.33 199 9.39 319 3.11 415 10.11
Injection 324 15.3 408 21.6 378 17.83 490 20.13 585 14.25
IUD 23 1.1 36 1.91 36 1.04 38 1.56 103 2.51
BTL 78 1.90
NSV 0 0.00
Natural FP Method
LAM 877 41.4 1,162 61.51 1,458 68.77 1,530 62.86 2,799 68.20
Condom 51 2.4 64 3.39 57 2.69 46 1.89 109 2.66
SDM 51 2.4 5 0.26 6 0.28 11 0.45 8 0.19
CMM 7 0.17
Total 2119 100 1889 100 2,134 100 2434 100 4104 100
Source: MHO

Table 70: Current Family Planning Users by Method, 2009-2014

CURRENT USERS 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014
Modern FP Method Users % Users % Users % Users % Users %
Pills 738 31 836 30 699 28.22 319 3.11 1,112 20.99
Injection 648 28 844 30 835 33.71 490 20.13 1,525 28.78
IUD 241 10 261 9 217 8.76 38 1.56 335 6.32
BTL 102 1.92
NSV 4 0.08
Natural FP Method
LAM 56 2 617 22 454 18.33 1,530 62.86 1,903 35.91
Condom 46 1.89 279 5.27
SDM 424 18 49 2 38 1.53 11 0.45 32 0.60
CMM 7 0.13
TOTAL 2348 100 2822 100 100 100 2434 100 5299 100
Source: MHO; (No data for 2010)

Environmental Sanitation

Solid Waste Management

Data from the 1998 Feasibility Study for the Integrated Waste Management and Development (FS-
IWMD) in the BLISTT shows that about 53% of garbage is biodegradable: organics comprise 28% while
25% are yard wastes. About 26% of wastes are recoverable materials: paper at 14%, glass at 2%, metals
at 4% and plastics at 6%. Other un-reusable wastes are other combustible wastes and other dry waste
for a total of 21%.

WASTE
COMPOSITION
1998

49
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

As to garbage disposal in year 2000, about 73% of the garbage was disposed for collection by the
Municipal Garbage trucks, about 18% practiced burning, and about 6% dumped their garbage in
individual pits. Only 1.4% practiced composting of biodegradable wastes and 1.3% buried their garbage.

Table 71: Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal, 2000

USUAL MANNER OF GARBAGE DISPOSAL
Total Picked up Dumping in Composting Feeding
HH by Garbage Individual Pit Burning (Later Used Burying to Others
Truck (Not Burned) as Fertilizer) Animals
13,658 9,961 798 2,425 193 182 89 10
percent 72.93 5.84 17.76 1.41 1.33 0.65 0.07
Source: Census 2000, NSO

A study conducted by the TWG for SWM, in August 2007, shows a great change in the waste
classification done in 1998. Residuals comprise an average of 55%. Biodegradable comprise 37% and
recyclables comprise 8.7%.

Table 72: Type of Garbage Brought out for Collection, 2007

Type of Garbage brought out for
collection Urban (%) Rural (%) Ave.
Biodegradable 35.68 37.68 36.68
Residual 52.07 57.14 54.605
Recyclable 12.25 5.18 8.715
Source: TWG-SWM, 2007

Data from the 2014 Solid Waste Management Sector Project, Project Preparatory Technical Assistance
of ADB (PPTA-8115 PHI) for La Trinidad show that about 49% of garbage is biodegradable: organics
comprise 33% while 16% are yard wastes. About 23% of wastes are recoverable materials: paper at
11%, glass at 4%, metals at 2% and plastics at 6%. Other un-reusable wastes are other combustible
wastes and other dry waste for a total of 28%.

WASTE
COMPOSITION
2013

Table 73: Waste Composition from Various Wastes Sources, 2013

50
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Commercial
Waste Types Institutional Residential Market
/Industrial
Food Waste 5.23 7.90 1.04 16.63
Vegetable/Organic/Food trimmings 22.45 15.89 34.62 28.68
Fish entrails/Chicken Feathers 0.13 0.72
Dead Animals 0.09
Coconuts (husks, trimmings, whole) 2.89 0.73 4.71 1.11
wet and soiled paper 8.93 17.51 7.24 12.61
Garden trimmings, leaves 0.19 3.82
Wood (lumber) 1.01 0.84 0.43 0.13
Glass Bottles (whole, unbroken) 3.46 3.19 8.08 1.80
Metals 0.12 0.48 0.36
Tin can, aluminum cans, bottle caps 1.91 1.32 1.71 0.49
white paper, cardboard, carton 19.40 7.13 1.33 2.96
newspapers, magazines, other papers 4.10 5.01 1.86 0.44
Plastic bottles, PET 2.77 3.35 3.05 1.72
pe Plastics 2.09 0.30 0.37 1.24
Other Plastics, hard plastics 1.68 3.24 3.94 2.24
Plastic bags and wrappers 11.29 17.94 9.76 13.98
Marine shells (oysters, clams, mussels) 0.23 0.46
Textiles, clothes 2.43 2.06 2.23 5.39
Styro 0.82 1.24 0.59 1.03
Leather, rubber 0.89 0.29 2.59 0.84
E-WASTES (CD's, USB's, e-parts, c.phones) 0.13 0.32 0.04
Diapers 3.46 11.45
Hair 0.28 0.02
6.86
Other residuals (cigarette butts, broken
glass, ceramics) 1.23 1.98 1.44
Hazardous wastes (battery, ligh bulbs,
aerosols, pesticides, paint cans, brushes) 0.21 0.18 0.22 0.02
Fines (<10mm) 2.59 5.29 2.48 1.12
TOTAL 100 100 100 100
Source: SWMSP, LT SPAR 2014

Table 74: SW Generation in La Trinidad, 2013

Generation
SW Sources %
(in metric tons/day)
Residential 52.80 56.45%
Commercial/Industrial 11.62 12.42%
Institutional 3.60 3.85%
Markets 25.52 27.28%
Total 93.54 100.00%
Composite generation rate in kg/capita/day* 0.78
Residential generation rate in kg/capita/day * 0.44
Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

The composite generation rate for La Trinidad, that is the generation rate considering all
possible sources of wastes included in this WACS, is 0.78 kg/capita/day. However, since the wastes from
the vegetable trading posts are not directly affected by the population of the municipality but by market
demand, these wastes will not be used in deriving the SW generation rate that shall be used for the
projections for waste generation as illustrated in the following table. Moreover, management of the
vegetable wastes from the trading posts is different from those of the other sources.

Total waste generation without the wastes from the trading posts, is 72.57 metric tons per day
(Please refer to Table 32 for the breakdown of wastes from the markets.). The trading post residuals was

51
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

included in this total, since this includes wastes from the establishments near the trading posts. The
generation rate is 0.60 kg per capita per day.

Table 75: SW Generation (without trading posts wastes), 2013

Generation
Solid Waste Sources %
(in metric tons/day)
Residential 52.80 72.76%
Commercial/Industrial 11.62 16.01%
Institutional 3.60 4.96%
Markets (1993 & 2002) 4.55 6.27%
Total 72.57 100.00%
SW Generation rate (less wastes from the vegetable trading posts)
in kg/capita/day* 0.60
Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

Without the wastes from the trading posts, the residential wastes comprise more than 70% of
the solid waste stream. The remaining more than 20% is shared by the other sources.

Table 76: Solid Waste Generation from Local Markets, 2013

Market Waste Source Daily generation (in metric tons)
Trading post residuals 1.903
Public Market 2.649
Trading posts Biodegradables 20.969
Total 25.521
Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

Considering the households alone, the generation rate is only 0.44 kg per capita per day. The
ensuing table shows that the middle income households have the lowest generation rate at 0.39
kg/capita/day while the high income households have the highest generation rate at 0.62 kg/capita/day.

Among the major waste sources, market wastes have the highest percentage of biodegradable
wastes at nearly 60% and the lowest in recyclables, special wastes and fines.

Table 77: Residential SW Generation Rate per Income Bracket, 2013

SW Generate Rate
Income Brackets
(in kg/capita/day)
Low Income 0.42
Middle Income 0.39
High Income 0.62
Residential Generation Rate 0.44
Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

Commercial wastes have the highest percentage of recyclables at more than 35%, while
residential wastes is highest in residuals at more than 28%. Among these waste sources, biodegradable
wastes are mostly, vegetable/food trimmings, and wet or soiled paper. Recyclables are mainly glass
bottles, white paper, cartons, and other papers; while residuals are mostly plastic bags and wrappers
and disposable diapers.

The loose density varies among the waste sources. The market wastes have the highest loose
density at 182 kg per cu.m., which may be attributed to the weight of the biodegradable materials. The
institutions have the lowest, at 77%, which may be attributed to its recyclables which are mainly paper,
and to its residuals which are mostly plastic food wrappers, and to its biodegradables that are more of
soiled paper.

Table 78: Waste Type Composition (in %) and Loose SW Density in Major Waste Sources

52
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Waste Type Commercial/Industrial Institutions Residential Markets*

Biodegradables 40.92 46.69 48.03 59.87
Recyclables 35.53 24.02 20.70 10.89
Residuals 20.75 23.82 28.57 28.10
Special Wastes 0.21 0.18 0.22 0.02
Fines 2.59 5.29 2.48 1.12
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Loose Density
107.28 77.49 105.64 182.03
(in kg/m3)
Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

For commercial & industrial establishments, those in the semi-urban and rural areas generate
more biodegradable wastes than those in the urban areas. But the latter generate more recyclables than
the former. Although this result may have been affected by the type of generators sampled, it may also
be attributed to the types of establishments located in these areas.

Table 79: Waste Type Composition (%) of Commercial/Industrial Wastes

Commercial / Industrial
Waste Type
Semi-urban/Rural Urban LGU-wide
Biodegradables 53.44 39.04 40.92
Recyclables 22.33 37.51 35.53
Residuals 21.17 20.69 20.75
Special Wastes 0.05 0.23 0.21
Fines 3.01 2.53 2.59
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

Among the three (3) HH income classifications, the low-income households generate the least
percentage of biodegradable wastes at 41%, but the highest percentage of residuals at 32% and
recyclables at 24%. The middle-income households generate the highest percentage of biodegradables
at 55% and the lowest percentage of recyclables.

Table 80: Waste Composition of Residential Wastes (in %)

Middle- High-Income Residential LGU-
Waste Type Low-Income HH
Income HH HH Wide
Biodegradables 41.71 55.49 53.16 48.03
Recyclables 24.23 14.75 21.59 20.69
Residuals 32.09 25.89 22.60 28.57
Special Wastes 0.21 0.30 0.11 0.22
Fines 1.77 3.57 2.54 2.48
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

For the wastes from the trading posts and the public markets, majority of the wastes generated
are biodegradable and only more than a quarter are residuals.

Table 81: Composition of Wastes from Markets, 2013

Waste Type Trading Post Public Markets Markets*
Biodegradables 64.81 58.95 59.87
Recyclables 5.61 11.87 10.89

53
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Residuals 27.24 28.26 28.10

Special Wastes 0.00 0.02 0.02
Fines 2.33 0.89 1.12
Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
Source: SWMSP TA-8115 LT SPAR

For the vegetable trading posts, (both public and private), the solid wastes generated are mainly
vegetable trimmings. Both sites generate more than 10 tons each daily. The loose density of the carrot
trimmings was not measured but using the plastic sacks where they were stored, the loose density is
495kg/sack.

The main trading post generates trimmings from other vegetables as well as decaying
vegetables. From the characterization of one whole truckload of wastes from the trading post, more
than 96% are vegetable wastes and a little over 3% consists of food wastes, soiled paper used in
wrapping the vegetables, glass and PET bottles, PE plastics used in packing the vegetables, plastic bags
and food wrappers, textiles, and styrofoam food packaging. The average loose density of the vegetable
trimmings from the trading post is 230 kg/cu.m.

The table below shows the projected waste generation based on population for the next 25
years.

Table 82: Waste Volume Projection over Observation Period in 5-year Steps (m3)
Generation/
Collection 2013 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

Urban A 21,329 22,811 27,413 33,656 42,130 53,657 69,375

Urban B 45,913 49,103 59,010 72,449 90,692 115,504 149,339

Urban C 34,474 36,870 44,308 54,399 68,096 86,727 112,132

Rural 13,529 14,674 17,997 22,114 27,222 33,568 41,464

Institutional 8,061 9,429 13,951 20,641 30,539 45,185 66,853

Market 6,806 7,515 9,628 12,335 15,804 20,247 25,939

Business 22,926 27,887 45,507 74,261 121,183 197,753 322,703

Trading Post 33,904 35,413 39,483 44,022 49,082 54,724 61,014

Waste Collection 186,944 203,701 257,298 333,876 444,748 607,363 848,820

Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

The estimated 50.07 tons of wastes delivered to the sanitary landfill is composed of more than 25 tons
of biodegradable, nearly 4 tons of recyclables, and more than 21 tons of residuals, special wastes and
fines.

Table 83: Comparative SW Composition of Collected and Dumped Wastes, 2013

Dumped SW (less Estimated quantity of
Collected Solid
Waste Type segregated by Dumped Solid Wastes
Waste (%)
collectors), % (in tons)
Biodegradable 49.94 51.58 25.83
Recyclables 10.14 7.72 3.86
Residuals 38.06 38.79 19.42
Special 0.15 0.14 0.07
Fines 1.71 1.77 0.89

54
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Total 100 100 50.07

Source: SWMSP TA-8115PHI LT SPAR, 2014

WASTE
CLASSIFICATION
2013

The factors that affect this may be due to:

 The increase in the use of packaging materials, which are mostly residuals by
manufacturers;
 The increased awareness of residents to segregate recyclables to either re-use,
recycle or sell it to the junk shops;
 Lifestyle consumption pattern changes that induce consumers to buy products that
are disposable after a single use;
 The propensity of some residents to compost their garbage at home.

Solid Waste Management Practices

Waste Segregation

At least 72.89% of all households in year 2010 claim to segregate their waste. But there are different
ways of segregating. The municipal government advocates for at least three separate garbage cans for
biodegradables, recyclables, and residuals.

A separate study conducted by the TWG for SWM in early 2011 shows that, for those segregating their
garbage, 50% segregate garbage correctly: into biodegradables, residual, and recyclable garbage. At
least 41% segregate the biodegradable from the non-biodegradable, and 9% segregate only the
recyclables.

Recyclables

About 58.9% claim to practice recycling and only 47% actually sell the recyclables to junk collectors.

Composting

Almost 40% claim to practice composting, of whom 7% have a covered compost pit and 18% have an
open compost pit. But only 33% practice composting always, 24% practice composting most of the time,
12% do it once in a while, 3% say it is not applicable (due to lack of space or container for composting).

Burning & Dumping

Although ill-advised, due to the bad emissions into the air, burning is practiced by 14% of all households
and 0.14% dump their garbage in the river, mountain sides, and vacant lots.

Garbage Disposal for Collection

55
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Almost all households at 93.82% of households dispose of their garbage through garbage collection,
wherein majority is through the municipal garbage collector, almost 40% through the barangay
collector, 0.16% through private collector (most probably collecting recyclable wastes), and almost 6%
are not covered by any garbage collection. And 77% claim to follow the municipal advisory to bring out
their garbage before 8 o’clock in the morning.

As to frequency of disposal for collection, almost one third, 32% of all households dispose of their
garbage daily, 23% bring it out once a week , and 20% of all household dispose their garbage twice a
week.

SWM Information

Knowledge regarding proper solid waste management practices, most often than not, come in the
following order:
1. Television and Radio
2. Billboards, Posters, and tarpaulin
3. Flyers and brochures
4. Family members
5. School
6. Church

Table 84: SWM Practices by Household, 2010

SWM Practices # % to total # of hh
Garbage Collection 21,229 93.82%
Burning 3,271 14.46%
Composting 8,922 39.43%
Recycling 13,348 58.99%
Waste Segregation 16,492 72.89%
Compost Pit with Cover 1,680 7.42%
Compost Pit without Cover 4,135 18.27%
Others 111 0.49%
Source: CBMS 2010

Table 85: SWM Disposal by Type of Collector, 2010

Collector/ Municipal Garbage Barangay Garbage Private Garbage None Not
Barangay Collector Collector Collector Stated
Alapang 821 22 2 33 -
Alno 3 441 1 43 -
Ambiong 299 1,018 6 2 50
Bahong 93 747 1 100 -
Balili 4,697 78 1 15 -
Beckel 629 3 - 126 8
Betag 1,147 11 - 3 -
Bineng 2 156 1 190 -
Cruz 605 66 3 4 -
Lubas 302 691 1 135 -
Pico 2,302 971 8 36 -
Poblacion 29 1,867 1 41 -
Puguis 1,339 56 2 226 -
Shilan 3 711 - 94 -
Tawang 32 1,318 5 27 -
Wangal 28 697 5 273 -
Municipal 12,331 8,853 37 1,348 58
% 54.50% 39.13% 0.16% 5.96% 0.26%
Source: CBMS 2010

56
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Table 86: Frequency of Disposal, 2010

Barangay Daily 3x a Week 2x a Week Once a Week Others None
Alapang 205 35 124 481 33
Alno 2 15 - 428 - 43
Ambiong 82 32 1,085 124 - 52
Bahong 57 114 157 513 - 100
Balili 1,862 2,100 693 121 - 15
Beckel 14 6 - 620 - 126
Betag 344 341 451 22 - 3
Bineng 1 3 - - 155 190
Cruz 485 61 118 8 2 4
Lubas 74 218 100 581 21 135
Pico 1,410 179 1,561 131 - 36
Poblacion 1,792 37 9 59 - 41
Puguis 858 65 100 371 3 226
Shilan 6 146 39 450 73 94
Tawang 86 27 9 1,233 - 27
Wangal 11 595 116 7 1 273
Municipal 7,289 3,974 4,562 5,149 255 1,398
% 32% 18% 20% 23% 1% 6%
Source: CBMS 2010

Liquid Waste Management

Toilet Facilities

The Municipal Health Office reports that in 2013, 18,936 households had sanitary toilets and 1,118 had
no sanitary toilets while 67 households have no toilets. In 2014, there are 20,844 households with
sanitary toilets, 581 without sanitary toilet, and 46 without toilet.

Table 87: Toilet Facilities, 2007-2014

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Type of Toilet
HH w/ Sanitary Toilet 14,261 14,767 15,203 15,431 15674 16,906 18,936 20,844

HH w/o Sanitary Toilet No Data 656 450 440 197 1,130 1,118 581

HH w/o Toilet No Data 741 600 320 77 75 67 46

2800 2,169 - -
HH Sharing Toilet No data No data 492 1149
Source: MHO

However, actual CBMS survey results in year 2010 show that 21,184 households or 93% of all
households had sanitary (water-sealed to septic tanks) toilets. And 174 or 3.76% of all households have
unsanitary toilets (closed or open pit), and 34 households had no toilet at all.

Table 88: Toilet Facilities by Barangay, 2010

Type of Water-sealed Water-sealed Not
Toilet / Flush to Flush to Close Open Pit No Others Stated
Barangay Septic Tank- Septic Tank- Pit Toilet
own shared
Alapang 730 100 30 18 0 0 0
Alno 285 47 83 69 4 0 0
Ambiong 1,074 149 72 78 0 2 0

57
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Bahong 712 152 43 31 3 0 0

Balili 2356 2416 7 6 0 0 6
Beckel 526 108 87 42 3 0 0
Betag 606 548 7 0 0 0 0
Bineng 200 74 71 4 0 0 0
Cruz 576 90 7 4 0 0 1
Lubas 712 356 38 20 3 0 0
Pico 2,222 994 54 41 6 0 0
Poblacion 1,340 575 14 2 6 0 1
Puguis 1,245 236 49 91 0 2 0
Shilan 463 170 78 90 2 5 0
Tawang 1,161 132 57 30 1 1 0
Wangal 715 114 153 17 4 0 0
Municipal 14,923 6,261 850 543 32 10 8
% 65.95% 27.67% 3.76% 2.40% 0.14% 0.04% 0.04%
Sanitary Unsanitary No Toilet
Toilet 21,184 93.62% Toilet 174 32
Source: CBMS 2010

Sewerage Facilities

There is no sewerage system in the municipality. Most often than not, most households release
wastewaters from their household into canals. Much worse are the reports of the alleged households
that release septic wastes into the waterways.

At the strawberry fields of Betag, the La Trinidad Water District put in place a mini - sewerage
facility that will process the waters from the households of Betag before it is released for irrigation. This
is being managed by the strawberry farmers themselves in cooperation with the water district.

VI. HOUSING

House Ownership

In year 2000, about 65% of the populace or 8,597 owned a house and 22% rented a place to stay. In
2010, majority of all households owned a house at 56%. More households now rented a house or room
at 32% and 11% had rent-free houses.

Table 89: Tenurial Status, 2000 & 2010

Year 2000, NS0 2010, CBMS Year 2010, NSO
Tenurial Status # % # % Tenurial Status # %
Own house 8,597 65% 12,972 57% Owned/being amortized 14,366 56
Rent house/room 2,851 22% 7,183 32% Rented 8,401 32
Rent-free with consent
Rent-free house 1,318 10% 2,340 10% of owner 2,768 11
Rent-free without
Other tenure status 442 3% 130 1% consent of owner 231 1
Total 13,208 22,625 Total 25,766
Source: NSO, CBMS

Floor Area by Occupied Housing Units

Majority to all housing units, at 68% of all housing units, had a floor area of less than 69 sq. m. in year
2000. In 2010, 20% had a floor area of less than 49 m2 which had an equal percentage rate with that of
less than 19 m2 floor area.

58
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Table 90: Floor Area by Housing Units, 2000 & 2010

Source: NSO-Benguet, 2000, 2010

Dwelling Units by Type

Single detached houses are still the preferred type of homes for most of the homeowners at 15,038 in
year 2010. This is followed by those in multi-unit residential homes such as apartments or boarding
houses at 8,538 units.

Table 91: Comparative Type of Housing Structure, 1990, 2000 & 2010
Type of Structure 1990 2000 2010
1. Single 6,859 9,460 15,038
2. Duplex 424 1,562 2,204
3. Multi-Unit Residential 2,038 2,286 8,538
4. Commercial/ Agricultural /Industrial 77 127 179
5. Institutional Living Quarters 2 2 12
6. Not Reported 93 3
Total 9,411 13,528 25,974
Source: 1990, 2000, 2010 NSO Census

Construction Materials of Housing Units

In 2007, most occupied housing units are made of sturdy construction materials. About 60% have either
concrete/brick/stone walls and 20.77% have galvanized iron/aluminium for roofing materials. Those
houses made out of Sawali/Bamboo/Nipa materials are minimal at 0.08%.

Table 92: Occupied Housing Units by Construction materials of the Roof & Outer Walls, 2007
Construction Materials of the Roof
Construction Materials of Total Occuppied
% Galvanized Tile Concrete/Clay Half Galvanized Iron
the Outer Walls Housing Units
Iron/Aluminum Tile & Half Concrete
TOTAL 22,758 100% 20,210 (88.80%) 2,315 (10.17%) 90 (0.40%)
Concrete / Brick / Stone 13,625 60% 11,280 2,219 58
Wood 385 2% 347 11 -
Half Concrete, Half Wood 3,435 15% 3,335 70 25
Galvanized Iron/ Alum 4,727 21% 4,699 13 6
Bamboo/Sawali/Nipa 19 0% 13 - -
Glass 1 0% 1 - -
Makeshift Materials 28 0% 22 - -
Others / Not Reported 538 2% 513 2 1
Source: NSO 2007

In 2010, 63% of the total housing units were made up of concrete/brick/stone, 19% were made up of
Galvanized Iron/Aluminum, and 16% were made up of half concrete and half wood. 2% of the total
housing units were made up of wood while .39% were of other kinds of construction materials.

59
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Table 93: Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials of the Outer Walls and Roof, 2010
Construction Materials of the Roof
Total
Construction Materials Tile Half Galvanized
Occuppied % Galvanized
of the Outer Walls Concrete/Clay Iron & Half Wood
Housing Units Iron/Aluminum
Tile Concrete
TOTAL 25,974 100% 21,485 (83%) 2,861 (11%) 1,277 (4.92%) 42 (0.16%)
Concrete / Brick / Stone 16,355 63% 12,854 2,755 467.00 22.00
Wood 474 2% 438 10 5 18
Half Concrete, Half
Wood 4,186 16% 3,362 78 733 2
Galvanized Iron/
Aluminum 4,858 19% 4,766 18 72 -
Bamboo/Sawali/Nipa 43 0% 29 - - -
Asbestos 4 0% 4 - - -
Glass 1 0% 1 - - -
Makeshift Materials 41 0% 25 - - -
Others 6 0% 4 - - -
No Walls 0 0% - - - -
Not Reported 6 0% 2 - - -
Source: NSO 2010

In 2010, 87% had strong materials for both roof and walls. Those with makeshift or salvaged materials
increased to 1% of all households.

Table 94: Occupied Housing Unit by Construction Materials, 2010

Construction Materials Roofing Materials Wall Materials
# of Households # of HH % # of HH %
Strong Materials 19,721 87% 19,785 87%
Light Materials 228 1% 251 1%
Salvaged/ Makeshift Materials 297 1% 189 1%
Mixed but Predominantly Strong 1924 9% 1991 9%
Mixed but Predominantly Light 302 1% 267 1%
Mixed but Predominantly Salvage 139 1% 128 1%
Not Stated 16 0% 16 0%
Total 22,627 100% 22,627 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Mode of Acquisition of Housing Unit

In year 2000, most homeowners prefer to construct their own at 72% rather than purchasing one (12%).
Others, at 6% report having inheriting the home from relatives.

Table 95: Mode of Acquisition of Housing Unit, 2000

Mode of Acquisition No. %
Purchased 1065 12.07
Constructed 6399 72.52
Inherited 536 6.07
Others 11 0.12
Not Reported 813 9.21
Source: Census 2000, NSO

Household Conveniences

In year 2000, all households generally had at least in one household appliance. The top five household
appliances include a radio, television, a refrigerator, a video cassette and a washing machine. In 2010,
the top five appliances were LPG Gas stove/ range, mobile phone, television, radio, and a CD/VCD/DVD.

60
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Table 96: Household Conveniences, 2000

HH Conveniences Number of HH
At least 1 HH convenience 12,536
Radio/Cassette 12,263
TV 9,365
Ref/Freezer 6,196
Video Cassette 3,507
Washing machine 3,095
Tel/ Cell phone 2,725
Motorized Vehicle 1,822
Source: 2000 Census

Table 97: Household Conveniences, 2010

HH Conveniences # of HH
Radio/Radio Cassette 17,064
Television 18,762
CD/VCD/DVD 15,395
Stereo/Component 4,064
Karaoke 1,832
Refrigerator/Freezer 10,538
Electric Fan 3,173
Electric Iron 10,776
LPG Gas Stove/Range 20,710
Washing Machine 10,082
Microwave Oven 3,281
Personal Computer 6,449
Mobile Phone/Cellular Phone 19,679
LandlineTelephone 1,492
Air-conditioner 373
Sewing Machine 1,218
Car, Jeep, Motorcycle and Other Motorized Vehicles 4,176
Source: CBMS 2010

Electricity

In year 2000, at least 89% of households used electricity for lighting, about 4.6% used Liquefied
Petroleum Gas (LPG) and 3.9% used kerosene.

Table 98: Fuel used for Lighting, 2000

Fuel Used for Light ing
Total Kerosene Liquified
HH Electricity (Gas) Petroleum Oil Others
Gas (LPG)
13,658 12,193 539 628 11 287
Percent 89.27% 3.95% 4.60% 0.08% 2.10%
Source: 2000 Census

In year 2010, 97% of all households had electrical connections, where the average monthly electric bill
was P 632.59. The remaining 3% had no electricity, equal to 746 households. The following table shows
its distribution among the barangays.

61
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Table 99: Households with Electrical Connections, 2010

# of HHs Electrical Connections Not Total
Barangay With Without Stated
Alapang 844 33 1 878
Alno 415 73 - 488
Ambiong 1,328 47 - 1,375
Bahong 908 33 - 941
Balili 4,777 14 - 4,791
Beckel 723 43 - 766
Betag 1,157 3 1 1,161
Bineng 299 50 - 349
Cruz 673 5 - 678
Lubas 1,115 14 - 1,129
Pico 3,181 136 - 3,317
Poblacion 1,905 33 - 1,938
Puguis 1,565 58 - 1,623
Shilan 720 84 4 808
Tawang 1,352 30 - 1,382
Wangal 913 90 - 1,003
Total 21,875 746 6 2,627
% 97% 3% 0% 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Cooking Convenience

In terms of fuel used for cooking, 88% used LPG, 3.7% used electricity, 2.8% used kerosene, and 2.25%
used firewood.

Table 100: Kind of Fuel Used for Cooking, 2000

Kind Of Fuel Used For Cooking
Total Kerosene Liquefied
HH Electricity (Gaas) Petroleum Gas Charcoal Wood Others None
13,658 514 392 12,119 20 307 9 297
Percent 3.76% 2.87% 88.73% 0.15% 2.25% 0.07% 2.17%
Source: Census 2000, NSO

Total Number of Applications Approved for Housing Subdivisions

A total of 45 housing subdivisions have been approved since 2001. In 2010, 2 housing subdivisions
applied for revision/alteration in their subdivision plans.

Table 101: Housing Subdivisions Approved 2001-2014

Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010- Total
2014
Approved
Housing 7 8 7 7 6 3 2 1 4 1 46
Subdivisions
Source: Zoning Section, Municipal Planning & Development Office

62
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Approved Buildings for Construction

In terms of building construction, the trend has been steadily increasing over the years. In 2014, 263
building permits were issued by the Municipal Engineering Office. Out of this number, 186 were
residential, 70 were commercial, and a permit for institutional.

Table 102: Building Permits Issued, 2005-2014

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Residential 317 244 170 227 218 218 251 293 249 186
Commercial 40 45 43 59 71 77 99 75 79 70
Institutional 13 5 2 10 7 5 5 2 ND 1
Others 10 19 7 10 16 17 14 14 121 6
Total 381 313 222 306 312 317 369 384 449 263
Source: Municipal Engineering Office

Land Ownership

With regards to land ownership, at least 35% owned one lot in year 2000. In 2007, almost 50% owned or
are currently amortizing their lot, while 40% are renting.

Table 103: Land Ownership, 2000

Total HH
Agricultural Land
with at Other
Agricultural Acquired Through Other
Total HH least One Residential
Land CARP, Agrarian Land
Land Land
Reform Beneficiaries
Owned
13658 4,704 2,572 2,801 472 436
Percent 34.44 18.83 20.51 3.46 3.19
Source: NSO, Census 2000

Table 104: Tenure Status of Lot, 2010

Tenure Status of Lot 2010 %
Owned/being amortized 14,366 56%
Rented 8,401 33%
Rent-free with consent of owner 2,768 11%
Rent-free without consent of owner 231 1%
TOTAL 25,766 100%
Source: NSO Census 2010

Rent-free
Rent-free without
with consent consent of
of owner, owner, 231 ,
2,768 , 11% 1%

Rented,
Owned/being
8,401 , 32%
amortized,
14,366 , 56%
Source: Census 2010, NSO

63
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

VII. SOCIAL WELFARE

Facilities

There are at least three facilities that offer social welfare services.

Table 105: Social Welfare Facilities

Facility Clientele Services
La Trinidad Rehabilitation Center For Children with Day Care ; Physical Therapy
Special Children, (Old BeGH Bldg) Disabilities Occupational Therapy
Reception Study Center for Children, Orphans Home Care
Wangal Adoption
Foster Care
Family, Women, and Children Center Family, Women, Training for Women, Parents, Youth
Children Alternative Learning Center for OSY
Source: MSWDO

A total of 57 Day Care Centers are located all over the municipality catering to the early education needs
of children 3 to 5 years old. Although established to watch over the children especially for working
mothers, it has also instructional functions, providing pre-school services to the children. For a number
of children with disabilities, the La Trinidad Rehabilitation Center for Special Children (LTRCSC) offers
therapeutic management.

Table 106: Day Care Centers by Location

Location & Day Care Centers
# of DCC
Alapang (3) Alapang DCC (P) Samoyao DCC (P) Camp Dangwa DCC (P)
Alno (2) Alno DCC (P) Conig DCC (P)
Ambiong (3) Central Ambiong DCC (P) Parapad DCC (P)
Gulon DCC (P) `
Bahong (3) Bahong DCC (P) Bahong Christian Community DCC (C)
Sadag DCC (P)
Balili (7) Balili DCC (R) Tabangaoen DCC (P) Pines Park DCC (R)
Balili Extension DCC (R) Mamaga DCC (R) Botiwtiw DCC (P)
Upper Balili DCC (R)
Beckel (3) Beckel DCC –(P) Balangbang DCC -(P) Lamut DCC -(P)
Betag (2) Betag DCC-(P) Betag DCC Extension -(P)
Bineng (2) Bineng DCC-(P) Bodiweng DCC - (P)
Cruz (1) Cruz DCC-(P)
Lubas (2) Lubas DCC-(P) Guitley DCC-(P)
Poblacion (3) Buyagan DCC-(P) Buyagan DCC Extension Kesbeng DCC - (R)
Pico (6) Bayabas DCC -(P) POCNA DCC - (C)
Upper Cogcoga DCC- (P) Shamolog DCC- (P)
Lower Cogcoga- (P) Toyong DCC - (R)
Puguis (5) Lamtang DCC-(P) Puguis Proper DCC- (P) Longlong DCC-(P)
Puguis Extension DCC-(P) House of Prayer DCC- (C)
Shilan (6) Balukas DCC(P) Sagpawe DCC -(P) Pagal DCC-(P)
Besil-Cavanao DCC(P) Shontog DCC-(P)
Jappa DCC-(R)
Tawang (4) Central Tawang DCC-(P) Upper Banig DCC-(P)
Lower Banig DCC-(R) Boted DCC- (C)
Wangal (5) Gayasi DCC-(P) Talinguroy DCC -(P) Upper Wangal DCC-(P)
Lower Wangal DCC-(P) BTS DCC -(P)
Source: Municipal Social Welfare & Development Office (MSWDO) P = Permanent, R= Renting, C=Church

64
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Clientele Served

There is a prevalence of School Delinquency, Out-of-School youth, Elderly and people needing financial
assistance for health or livelihood purposes. As such the local Social Welfare Office provides an
assortment of services: counselling, casework, and technical assistance to the target clientele. Other
services required by the needy are coordinated with partner public and private agencies.

Table 107: Number of Clientele served by Type, 2007-2014

Type of Clientele 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Families 3,028 2,642 8,098 5913 5,437 5458 6497 6,257
Children 3,363 4,757 6,044 2304 1,902 7334 2619 2,035
Youth 392 330 5,475 1871 450 480 181 650
Persons w/ Disabilities 93 96 197 263 570 1293 1065 278
Elderly 813 1,427 1,114 5185 2,290 5417 7179 1,287
Women 273 300 2,690 356 616 254 391 457
Persons in Distress 4,273 1,868 4,924 9580 2,591 8307 6030 311
Solo Parent ND ND 102 123 101 420 169 130
Total 12,235 11,420 28,644 24,875 13,957 28,963 24,131 11,405
Source: MSWDO

Persons with Disability

In 2010, there were a total of 992 persons with disability, representing 1% of the whole
population. Of the 992, 79% were males and 21% were females. Their distribution is listed as follows.

Table 108: Type of Disability By Sex, 2010

Type of Disability by Sex M % F % Total %
Total Blindness 26 81% 6 19% 32 3%
Partial Blindness 47 76% 15 24% 62 6%
Low Vision 31 86% 5 14% 36 4%
Totally Deaf 22 79% 6 21% 28 3%
Partially Deaf 25 76% 8 24% 33 3%
Hard of Hearing 26 70% 11 30% 37 4%
Oral Defect 29 78% 8 22% 37 4%
One Hand 12 80% 3 20% 15 2%
No Hands 2 100% 0 0% 2 0%
One Leg 24 80% 6 20% 30 3%
No Legs 5 100% 0 0% 5 1%
Mild Cerebral Palsy 46 79% 12 21% 58 6%
Severe Cerebral Palsy 25 78% 7 22% 32 3%
Regularly Intellectually Impaired 37 77% 11 23% 48 5%
Severely Intellectually Impaired 20 80% 5 20% 25 3%
Regularly Impaired by Mental Illness 36 73% 13 27% 49 5%
Severely Impaired by Mental Illness 33 83% 7 18% 40 4%
Regularly Multiple Impaired 22 96% 1 4% 23 2%
Severely Multiple Impaired 10 67% 5 33% 15 2%
Others 303 79% 82 21% 385 39%
Total 781 79% 211 21% 992 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

About 44% of those with disability were due to illness, 36% were in-born, and 13% were due to
accidents.

Table 109: Causes of Disability by Sex, 2010

Cause of Disability M % F % Total %
In-born 281 80% 72 20% 353 36%

65
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Illness 345 79% 91 21% 436 44%

Accident 103 80% 26 20% 129 13%
Others 54 73% 20 27% 74 7%
Total 783 79% 209 21% 992 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Out of the 992 persons with disability, 216 are able to receive various kinds of assistance. At least 40%
are able to receive medical assistance, 29% receive financial assistance, and 26% receive other kinds of
assistance. At least 54% of the assistance came from government, 18% from non-government
organizations, and 28% from other private benefactors.

Table 110: Type of Assistance Received by Sex, 2010

Type of Assistance M % F % Total %
Financial Assistance 54 87% 8 13% 62 29%
Medical Assistance 66 76% 21 24% 87 40%
Educational Assistance 5 100% 0 0% 5 2%
Livelihood Assistance 1 100% 0 0% 1 0%
Discount on Medicine 2 40% 3 60% 5 2%
Others 42 75% 14 25% 56 26%
Total 170 79% 46 21% 216
Source: CBMS 2010

Table 111: Sources of Assistance Received by

Persons with Disabilities, 2010
Source of Assistance # %
Government 116 54%
Non-Government 39 18%
Others 61 28%
Total 216 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Solo Parents

There were a total of 1,585 solo parents in 2010, of which, 37% were widows/widowers, 24% were
unmarried parents, and 17% were abandoned by their spouses. Of the solo parents, about one third or
37% comprised of males, and two thirds, or 63% were females.

Table 112: Type of Solo Parent by Sex, 2010

Type of Solo Parent M % F % Total %
Death of Spouse 161 27% 432 73% 593 37%
Imprisonment of Spouse 6 30% 14 70% 20 1%
Mental & Physical Incapacity of Spouse 4 29% 10 71% 14 1%
Legal/De Facto Separation from Spouse 58 38% 95 62% 153 10%
Annulment of Marriage 5 23% 17 77% 22 1%
Abandonment of Spouse for At least One Year 103 39% 164 61% 267 17%
Unmarried Mother/Father 188 49% 193 51% 381 24%
Legal Foster Parent/ Guardian 1 20% 4 80% 5 0%
Assumed the Responsibility as the Hh head 23 43% 30 57% 53 3%
Other Reason 34 44% 43 56% 77 5%
Total 583 37% 1002 63% 1585 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

66
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Senior Citizens

There was a total of 3,375 senior citizens in 2010. Out of this number, 66% are members of the Senior
Citizens Association, of which they were issued identification cards. Out of the 66% only 29% are able to
use their identification cards in the availing of discounts in medicines and other services.

Table 113: Senior Citizens with ID Card by Sex, 2010

Senior Citizens M % F % Total %
Member, With ID Card 1356 61% 874 39% 2230 66%
Members who are Able To Use ID 413 30% 242 28% 655 29%
Non-Member, w/o ID Card 807 70% 338 30% 1145 34%
Total 2163 1212 3375
Source: CBMS 2010

VIII. PUBLIC SAFETY

Peace and Order

There was a decrease in the total crime incidence, from 2,132 reported crimes in 2013 to 2,252 in 2013.
Thus, the average monthly crime rate is up to 165.47%, with a crime solution efficiency rate at 32.24%.
Considering the urban nature of the municipality, more efforts should be made to reduce the incidence
of crime, in partnership with the community.

Table 114: Crime Incidence, 2013-2014

2013 2014
Indices/ Year M F M F unidentified
Index Crimes: 1136 1136 906 132 496
Non- Index Crimes: 1135 1135 815 207 94
Total No. of Offenders 2271 2271 1721 339 590
Total Crime Incidents 2,132 2,252
Ave. Monthly Crime Rate: /c156.65 165.47
Crime Solution Efficiency 34.85 32.24
Crime Clearance Efficiency 54.50 60.44
# Community Precincts 2 2
Com. Police Assistance Cen. 5 5
Source: La Trinidad Police Station, * Includes all reported crimes, /c: corrected based on new data

Fire Safety

The fire department reports that through the years, there are more structural fires than any other type.
There were 13 structural fires in 2014. Forest fires increased to 21 in the same year. But year 2010
shows the highest number of fires in the past years. Intermittent brush fires occur during the dry
season. Due to inaccessibility, these fires are abated by barangay fire brigades and private individuals.
Forest rangers have also been stationed in the communal forests, who report forest fires. From the total
of 35 fire incidence, 12 were structural, 21 were forest fires, 2 vehicular and the other were
augmentation.

Table 115: Fire Incidence, 2006-2014

Fire Incidence/ Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Structural Fire 12 3 7 14 11 12 15 8 12
Forest Fire 7 22 3 6 29 3 9 17 21
Vehicular - 1 2 3 1 1 2 4 2
Industrial - - - - - - - - -

67
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Augmentation - - 7 2 2 4 3 5 2
Fire Damages (PM) 2.5 5 0.4 3.2 0.5 3.3 2.4 0.64 1.4
Persons Injured - 12 - 2 - - 2 - -
Casualties - - 1 - - - 1 - -
Source: Bureau of Fire Protection- La Trinidad

Table 116 : Comparative Causes of Fire for the last 6 years

Origin / Frequency of Occurrence
Barangay Cause 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Alapang Accidental 1 8 1 3 4 6
Alno Accidental 1 1 1
Ambiong Accidental 1 1 3 3 8
Bahong Accidental 1 0
Balili Accidental 1 4 2 5
Beckel Accidental 2 3 1
Betag Accidental 1 1 1 2
Bineng Accidental 1 2 0
Cruz Accidental 3 2 1 1 1
Lubas Accidental 2 2 1 0
Pico Accidental 3 7 4 3 6 3
Poblacion Accidental 2 1 1 3 4
Puguis Accidental 5 5 6 3 5 1
Shilan Accidental 1 3 1 1 0
Tawang Accidental 1 1 3 1 2
Wangal Accidental 2 3 2 3 2
Total 24 40 15 27 28 35
Source: LTFS

Jail Management

Facility : Municipal Jail w/ visitation area, Kesbeng, Poblacion

There were 91 inmates in the Municipal Jail in year 2014. Out of this, one was sentenced, 46 were
detained, and 44 were eventually released. Report showed that offenders were all males.

Table 117: Total Inmate Population, 2008-2014

2013 2014
Inmate Status/Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
M F M F
Sentenced Inmates 0 3 20 0 1 0 0 1 0
Detained Inmates 182 41 75 45 6 6 0 46 0
Released Inmates 62 46 22 44 59 90 0 44 0
Total 244 80 95 89 66 96 0 91 0
Source: Bureau of Jail Management Penology- La Trinidad

Disasters and Calamity

In terms of calamities, the average number of disasters that hit the municipality is 2-3 strong typhoons
annually. Floods in the valley and the riverbank are a recurrent event which causes danger to the public.
In 2010, survey shows that 27% of all households were victims of calamities. Majority, at 78% were
victims of strong typhoons and 18% were victims of flood.

68
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Table 118: Victims of Disasters by Households,2010

Victims of Calamity # of hh %
Typhoon 4,786 78%
Flood 1,140 18%
Drought 76 1%
Earthquake 86 1%
Volcanic Eruption 0 0%
Armed Conflict 0 0%
Fire 13 0%
Others 72 1%
Total 6,173 27% of all hh
Source: CBMS 2010

IX. ECONOMY

Income

In 2010, majority of households, at 60% of all households’ source of income were salaries and wages.
While 47% were engaged in entrepreneurial activities. And some 56% had other sources of income
other than their main source. It is deemed that many households do not rely on a single source of
income.

Moreover, for those engaged in entrepreneurial activities, 16% were engaged in farming, livestock and
poultry. Another 16% were into wholesale and retail activities, and 5% were engaged in transportation,
storage and communication services.

As additional sources of income, 14% of households received remittances from abroad, another 14%
had receipts from domestic sources, and 6% made income from rentals.

Table 119: Sources of Income by Households, 2010

# of % to Annual Income
Sources of Income
HH total HH Minimum Average Maximum
Entrepreneurial Activity
Crop Farming and Gardening 3200 14% 1,663 77,012 672,700
Livestock And Poultry Raising 379 2% 3,653 34,953 226,006
Fishing Activities 8 0% 10,740 11,049 11,358
Forestry And Hunting Activities 32 0% 32,960 62,591 91,008
Wholesale And Retail Trade Activities 3614 16% 1,736 89,709
Manufacturing Activities 336 1% 9,702 95,540 540,738
Community, Social and Personal 483 2% 13,825 120,031 601,313
Transportation, Storage, and 1225 5% 7,655 130,179 1,004,369
Communication Service
Mining And Quarrying Activities 235 1% 20,225 81,567 253,728
Construction 519 2% 13,313 109,466 820,250
Other Activities 524 2% 9,625 93,238 398,188
Sub-Total 10555 47%
Salaries And Wages 13643 60% 3,499 169,894 12,073,551
Other Sources of HH Income
Net Share From Crops, Livestock And 915 4% 5,268 36,123 313,538
Poultry raised by Other HHs
Remittance From OFW 3267 14% 1,835 122,342 3,593,438

69
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Receipts From Abroad 1100 5% 948 168,305 14,392,844

Receipts From Domestic Sources 3063 14% 805 34,385 306,563
Rentals Received 1306 6% 2,825 76,086 894,875
Interest Earned 480 2% 4,827 34,896 257,313
Pension And Retirement Received 1024 5% 2,313 94,978 889,882
Dividends From Investment 431 2% 8,445 31,435 583,995
Other Sources 1181 5% 1,250 76,434 1,328,100
Sub-Total 12767 56%
Source: CBMS 2010

Annual Poverty Threshold

The annual per capita poverty threshold is the minimum annual income required to be spent by each
member of a family to satisfy their nutritional requirements and other basic needs. In 2012, for the
entire Philippines, this is estimated at Php 18,935. In the Cordillera Region, it was slightly higher at Php
19,483 and accordingly, is one of the highest per capital Poverty Threshold in the country. For the
province of Benguet, it was at Php 19,140.

In 2012, the incidence of poverty for the Philippines was lower at 19.7%. In the Cordillera, it was slightly
lower at 22.6% and in Benguet, even lower at 2.8% of families living below the poverty line. In
comparison to other provinces, Benguet province ranked the 2nd richest province in the entire country
with a low 4.3 % incidence of poverty in 2012.

Table 120: Comparative Income in the Cordilleras and Benguet, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014
Poverty Incidence Among Families (%)
Area
2009 2012 2013 2006 2009 2012 2013 2014
Philippines 16,841 18,935 20.0 21.1 20.9 19.7 ND 25.80
Cordillera 16,122 19,483 16.1 18.6 17.1 17.5 ND ND
Benguet 15,820 19,140 4.4 3.6 4.0 4.3 ND ND
Source: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/pressreleases/2015/PSA-20150306-SS2-01_poverty.aspAccessed on June 19, 2015

Recent survey results from the Community Based Monitoring System in 2010 shows that in La Trinidad,
2,230 households are with incomes below the poverty threshold, affecting a total of 11,417 household
members. There are 1,241 households with incomes below the food threshold ( P11,249), affecting
6,447 household members. Worst, there are 290 households who experienced food shortage, affecting
1,202 household members.

Table 121: Households living in Poverty, 2010

Households HH M F Total
With income below poverty threshold 2230 5763 5654 11417
With income below food threshold 1241 3269 3178 6447
Experienced food shortage 290 638 579 1202
Source: CBMS 2010

Average Annual Family Income

The average annual family income is the total average family income, which includes: the primary
income, receipts from other sources received by all family members during the year, as participants in
any economic activity, or as recipients of transfers, pensions, grants, and the like. For the cordilleras, the
average annual income was at Php 192,000 in 2006. On the other hand, the average annual family
expenditure, was Php 151,000. This is the level of average expenditures of a family during the year. For
2009, the average Family income increased to Php 219,000 and the average family expenditures is Php
174,000.

70
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

For the province of Benguet, the average annual family income is 139,918 (year 2000) while the average
annual family expenditure is P 117,354.

Table 122: Comparative Family Income and Expenditures in CAR & Benguet, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012

CAR BENGUET
Family Income and Expenditure
2003 2006 2009 2012 2009
Average Annual Family Income P152,000 P192,000 219,000 257,000 P303,525

Average Annual Family Expenditures P126,000 P151,000 174,000 188,000 P235,220

Source: NSCB Website, June 10, 2015

Recent survey results from the Community Based Monitoring System in 2010 shows that in La Trinidad,
the average annual income is Php 226,697.

Labor Force and Employment

The labor force participation rate for the region is more or less 68% on the average and 69% for the
province of Benguet. In La Trinidad, it was at a low 60%. In addition, the employment rate in the region
is an average of 95.08% between year 2010 to 2014. In the province, it is slightly lower at 90% between
2003 and 2009. In La Trinidad, the employment rate was at 95% in 2010.

Table 123: Comparative Labor Force and Employment, Benguet and CAR
CAR BENGUET
Labor Force and Employment
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ave 2003 2009 2013
Labor Force Participation Rate 68 68.5 66.9 69.3 66.8 67.9 69 69 -
Employment Rate 95 95 95.1 95.9 94.4 95.08 89.3 91 97.10
Unemployment Rate 5 5 5.9 4.1 5.6 5.12 10.7 9 2.90
Visible under employment rate 17.3 14.6 21.3 - 10.7 12.78 4.6 4.6 -
Source: NSCB Stat Watch, June 10 2015

Table 124: Labor Force , La Trinidad, 2010

Labor Force M F Total %
Potential Labor Force (population 15-64 years old) 29,493 30,175 59,668
Actual Labor Force
Employment Rate 95%
Those who are 15-64 Years Old 20,309 12,835 33,144 93%
Those who are 14 Years Old and Below 42 27 69 0%
Those who are 65 Years Old and Above 422 318 740 2%
Unemployment Rate 812 968 1,780 5%
Labor Force Participation Rate 60%
Source: CBMS 2010

Nature of Employment

Of the 33,953 employed, 67% have permanent status, where 39% are males and 28% are
females. Another 28% are employed on short-term, seasonal, or casual basis, where 18% are males and
10% are females. Only 5% work on different jobs on a day to day or week to week basis, wherein 4% are
males and 1% are females.

Table 125: Nature of Employment by Sex, 2010

Nature of Employment # % Total
Sex M F M F # %
Permanent 13,387 9,373 39% 28% 22,760 67%

71
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Short-term, seasonal, casual 6,097 3,298 18% 10% 9,395 28%

Intermittent Different jobs 1,289 506 4% 1% 1,795 5%
Not Stated 1 2 0% 0% 3 0%
Total 20,774 13,179 61% 39% 33,953 100%
Source: CBMS 2010
Local Employment by Type of Industry

The wholesale and retail trade generates most of the employment in the municipality. This is
followed by agriculture, then by transportation.

Table 126: Employment by Type of Industry and Sex, 2010

Employment by Type of Industry M F Total %
Agriculture, Mining, and Forestry 4797 2258 7055 20.78
Mining and Quarrying 659 29 688 2.03
Fishing 59 46 105 0.31
Manufacturing 483 480 963 2.84
Electricity, Gas, and Water Supply 491 108 599 1.76
Construction 2795 88 2883 8.49
Wholesale /Retail and Vehicle Repair 3419 4196 7615 22.43
Hotel and Restaurants 506 558 1064 3.13
Transportation, Storage, and Communication 2966 340 3306 9.74
Financial Intermediation 156 222 378 1.11
Real Estate, Renting, and Business Activities 394 333 727 2.14
Public Administration and Defense 1322 574 1896 5.58
Education 675 1521 2196 6.47
Health and Social Work 246 645 891 2.62
Other Community, Social/Personal Activities 1103 867 1970 5.80
Private HHs with Employed Persons 618 857 1475 4.34
Extra- territorial Organization 84 49 133 0.39
Others 2 7 9 0.03
Total 20,775 13,178 33,953 100
Source: CBMS 2010

Primary Occupation or Business

With regards to primary occupation or business, one fourth or 25% were service workers, shop, or
market sales workers, with 12% males and 13% females. Another 21% were labourers and unskilled
workers, with 16% males and 6% females. Another 16% were farmers, with 11% males and 5% females.

Table 127: Primary Occupation by Sex, 2010

Primary Occupation or Business # % Total
Sex M F M F # %
Officials of Gov't and Special-Interest
Organizations, Corporate Executives, Managers,
Managing Proprietors and Supervisors 836 590 2% 2% 1426 4%
Physical, Mathematical & Engineering Science
Professionals 1232 1976 4% 6% 3208 9%
Technician and Associate Professionals 848 488 2% 1% 1336 4%
Clerks 297 764 1% 2% 1061 3%
Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales
Workers 4026 4566 12% 13% 8592 25%
Farmers, Forestry Workers and Fishermen 3764 1713 11% 5% 5477 16%
Trades and Related Workers 2039 838 6% 2% 2877 8%
Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 1993 140 6% 0% 2133 6%

72
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Laborers and Unskilled Workers 5294 1877 16% 6% 7171 21%

Special Occupations 440 220 1% 1% 660 2%
Not Stated 5 7 0% 0% 12 0%
Total 20775 13178 61% 39% 33953 100%
Source: CBMS 2010
Class of Worker
According to classification of workers, 39% worked for a private establishment, wherein 26% were males
and 13% were females in year 2010. About 21% were self-employed without employees, of whom, 12%
were males and 10% were females. About 15% worked for a household, wherein 10% were males and
6% were females. And about 12% were government workers.

Table 128: Class of Worker by Sex, 2010

Class of Worker # % Total
Sex M F M F # %
Work for a household 3277 1898 10% 6% 5175 15%
Work for a private establishment 8728 4407 26% 13% 13135 39%
Work for Gov't or Gov't Corp 2136 1824 6% 5% 3960 12%
Self-employed without employees 3987 3287 12% 10% 7274 21%
Employer in own farm or business 1060 700 3% 2% 1760 5%
Work with pay on own farm/ business 439 247 1% 1% 686 2%
Work without pay on own farm/business 1145 814 3% 2% 1959 6%
Not Stated 2 2 0% 0% 4 0%
Total 20774 13179 61% 39% 33953 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Professionals

A total of 4,544 professionals are found in the municipality, of whom 35% are teachers, 22% are nurses,
and 11% are engineers. In totality, 78% of all the professionals are males, and 22% are females.

Table 129: Type of Professionals by Sex, 2010

Type of Profession # % Total
Sex M F M F # %
Agriculturist/ Fisheries Technologists 98 16 2% 0% 114 3%
Architect 19 7 0% 0% 26 1%
Attorney-at-Law 70 8 2% 0% 78 2%
Certified Public Accountant 99 19 2% 0% 118 3%
Chemist 3 1 0% 0% 4 0%
Chief Mate (Marine Deck Officer) 5 3 0% 0% 8 0%
Criminologist 399 47 9% 1% 446 10%
Dentist 38 6 1% 0% 44 1%
Engineer 403 85 9% 2% 488 11%
Forester 41 4 1% 0% 45 1%
Librarian 5 6 0% 0% 11 0%
Medical Doctor/Physician 44 14 1% 0% 58 1%
Medical Laboratory Technician 6 1 0% 0% 7 0%
Medical Technologist 27 7 1% 0% 34 1%
Midwife 53 18 1% 0% 71 2%
Nurse 746 269 16% 6% 1015 22%
Nutritionist Dietitian 13 6 0% 0% 19 0%
Occupational Therapist 3 0 0% 0% 3 0%
Occupational Therapy Technician 2 0 0% 0% 2 0%
Optometrist 8 1 0% 0% 9 0%

73
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Pharmacist 38 10 1% 0% 48 1%
Physical Therapist 9 4 0% 0% 13 0%
Professional Teacher 1204 397 26% 9% 1601 35%
Radiologic Technologist 4 1 0% 0% 5 0%
Social Worker 30 13 1% 0% 43 1%
Veterinarian 19 7 0% 0% 26 1%
X-Ray Technician 4 1 0% 0% 5 0%
Others 159 44 3% 1% 203 4%
Total 3549 995 78% 22% 4544 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Overseas Employment
In 2010, about 3,364 were employment overseas. About 16% were in Hong Kong, 13% were in
Saudi Arabia, and 9% in Canada. The rest are scattered almost everywhere in the world.

Table 130: Country of Work, 2010

Country of Work # %
Australia 66 2%
Canada 306 9%
China 74 2%
Cyprus 41 1%
Hongkong 544 16%
Israel 91 3%
Italy 82 2%
Japan 221 7%
Korea 143 4%
Kuwait 47 1%
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 21 1%
Macao 29 1%
Malaysia 42 1%
New Zealand 29 1%
Qatar 65 2%
Saudi Arabia 421 13%
Singapore 123 4%
South Africa 13 0%
Spain 29 1%
Switzerland 14 0%
Taiwan 128 4%
Thailand 23 1%
United Arab Emirates 152 5%
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 185 5%
United States of America 217 6%
Other Country 258 8%
Total 3,364 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Kind of Work Abroad

74
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

As to type of work abroad, 43% were service workers, shop and market sales workers. About
19% were physical, mathematical, and engineering science professionals and 8% were labourers and
unskilled workers. In totality, 68% were males, and 38% were females.

Table 131: Type of Work Abroad by Sex, 2010

Type of Work Abroad # % Total
Sex M F M F # %
Officials of Gov't and Special-Interest 238 106 7% 3% 344 10%
Organizations, Corporate Executives, Managers,
Managing Proprietors and Supervisors
Physical, Mathematical, and Engineering Science
Professionals 386 255 11% 8% 641 19%
Technician and Associate Professionals 58 47 2% 1% 105 3%
Clerks 12 21 0% 1% 33 1%
Service Workers, Shop, and Market Sales Workers 921 520 27% 15% 1441 43%
Farmers, Forestry Workers and Fishermen 76 42 2% 1% 118 4%
Trades and Related Workers 33 38 1% 1% 71 2%
Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers 30 80 1% 2% 110 3%
Laborers and Unskilled Workers 183 76 5% 2% 259 8%
Special Occupations 149 78 4% 2% 227 7%
Others 8 7 0% 0% 15 0%
Total 2094 1270 62% 38% 3364 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

There has been an increasing number of Overseas Workers. In 2011, there were only 936
overseas workers which has increased to a total of 24,801 in 2014 as reported by the Philippine
Overseas Workers Administration (POEA). This covers Baguio and Benguet.

Table 132: Comparative Employment by Overseas Workers, 2011-2014

Overseas Workers 2011 2012 2013 2014
Land-based 921 18,592 20,933 24,801
Sea-based 15 0 0 -
Total 936 18,592 20,933 24,801

Unemployment and Job Search Method

A total of 1780 were unemployed and were looking for work in 2010, of whom 46% were males and 54%
were females. In applying for a job, 26% answered private advertisements, 25% approached relatives or
friends, and 22% registered in private employment agencies. About 15% approached employers directly
and only 9% registered in a public employment agency.

Table 133: Job Search Method by Sex, 2010

Job Search Method # % Total
Sex M F M F # %
Registered in public employment agency 65 104 4% 6% 169 9%
Registered in private employment agency 175 216 10% 12% 391 22%
Approached employer directly 120 155 7% 9% 275 15%
Approached relatives/friends 231 209 13% 12% 440 25%
Answered private advertisements 209 252 12% 14% 461 26%
Others 12 30 1% 2% 42 2%
Not Stated - 2 0% 0% 2 0%
Total 812 968 46% 54% 1780 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

75
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Reasons for not searching or applying for a Job

Out of the potential labor force (population at 15 to 64 years old) at 59,675, about 24,723 were not in
search of jobs. Almost majority, at 49% of this potential labor force were still in school. About 34%
were doing housekeeping chores. But 2% were awaiting results of a previous job application, 2% were
waiting for job recall, another 2% were stricken with illness/disability, and yet another 2% believed no
work was available.

Table 134: Reasons for not applying for a Job by Sex, 2010
Reasons for Not applying for a Job # % Total
Sex M F M F # %
Believes no work is available 284 161 1% 1% 445 2%
Awaiting results of previous job application 391 402 2% 2% 793 3%
Temporary illness/disability 306 200 1% 1% 506 2%

Bad Weather 23 28 0% 0% 51 0%
Waiting for rehire/job recall 252 172 1% 1% 424 2%

Too young/old, retired, permanently disabled 814 767 3% 3% 1581 6%

Housekeeping 589 7706 2% 31% 8295 34%
In School 5431 6645 22% 27% 12076 49%
Other reasons 274 278 1% 1% 552 2%

Total 8364 16359 34% 66% 24723 100%

Source: CBMS 2010

Commerce & Industry

In 2013, there are a total number of 7,071 kinds of businesses registered in the municipality. A big
proportion is engaged in the wholesale and retail trade. Financing, real estate and insurance services
comes in second followed by Community, Social and Personal Services. A few registered manufacturing
small-scale industries are established in the municipality, most of which are auto body-building/repair
shops, woodworks and metal/ironworks shops and bakeries.

There are a total of 8,566 registered kinds of businesses in 2014. It has increased by 1,495 and is further
classified according to the Philippines Standard Industry Classification set by the NSCB. Under the new
classifications, the wholesale and retail; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles remained at the top
followed by Real Estate Activities with 1,722.

Table 135: Comparative Types of Businesses, 2005 - 2012

Type/ Number 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Agriculture, Fishery, Forestry 17 16 20 18 17 11 23 24

Electricity, Gas, Water Sector 51 55 61 25 64 28 89 88

Construction Sector 25 28 40 46 28 8 22 10

Wholesale & Retail Trade 1760 1825 1745 1875 2298 2350 3,749 4,299

Trans’n, Storage & Comm’n 54 49 46 50 62 50 42 50

Financing, Real Estate, Insurance 605 661 624 748 871 1054 1,155 1,411
Commty, Social & Personal Serv. 639 590 561 674 754 788 831 875

76
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Education 27 32 35 35 28 34 35 37
Manufacturing 134 136 98 328 200 191 238 263
Total 3,312 3,392 3,230 3,799 4,323 4,513 6,184 7,057
Source: Licensing Section Accomplishment Reports, 2005-2012

Table 136: Types of Business, 2013-2014

Type 2013 2014
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 13 17
/c
Mining and Quarrying 0 0
Manufacturing 137 126
Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning supply 117 8
Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 3 7
Construction 84 91
/c
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 3,908 4,965
Transportation and Storage 49 76
Accommodation and food service activities 352 391
Information and Communication 21 329
Financial and insurance activities 67 79
Real estate activities 1,409 1,722
Professional, scientific and technical services 59 63
Administrative and support service activities 57 72
Public administrative and defense; compulsory social security 3 3
Education 37 39
Human health and social work activities 26 90
Arts, entertainment and recreation 161 107
Other service activities 568 381
Total 7,071 8,566
Source: Licensing Section Accomplishment Report, 2014

Gross Sales of Businesses

Total Gross Sales of Businesses in the Municipality reached to a total of Php 6.954 B in 2014. Other
types of businesses had gross sales of Php 3.18 Billion. The retailing sector comes next with 1.90 billion
gross sales followed by the wholesale sector at Php 0.99 billion.

Table 137: Gross Sales of Business, 2012-2014

Type of Business Gross Sales (in Php B)
2012 2013 2014
Manufacturer .56660 .16072 .6085
Wholesaler .49252 .52598 .9915
Retailers 1.47175 1.71408 1.9043
Contractors .06969 1.06431 .0852
Financial Institutions .03793 .71254 .1789
Others 2.73232 3.12543 3.1862
Total Php 5.37081 B Php 5.70391 B Php 6.954B
Source: Municipal Treasury Office

Banking and Lending Institutions

A total of 24 banks are found in La Trinidad, showing the propensity of the people of La Trinidad to save,
borrow and invest in business endeavours.

77
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Table 138: List of Banks

1. Trinibank Pico

2. Cooperative Bank of Benguet Km. 5 Pico

3. Highland Rural Bank, Inc. Buyagan Poblacion

4. East West Banking Corporation Km. 5 Pico

5. Philippine National Bank Km. 5 Balili

6. First Provincial Bank Km. 5 Balili

7. Rural Bank of Itogon(Benguet) Inc. Km. 5 Pico

8. Bank of the Philippine Islands Km. 5 Balili

9. Card Bank, Inc. Km. 4 Balili

10. Card Bank, Inc. #2 Buyagan Poblacion

11. Card Bank, Inc. A Microfinance Oriented Rural Bank Puguis

12. Allied Banking Corporation Km. 4 Pico

13. Security Bank Corporation Km. 5 Pico

14. Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company Km. 4 Pico

15. China Banking Corporation Km. 4 Pico

16. Benguet Center Bank, Inc. Pico

17. Rang-ay Bank (A Rural Bank) Inc. Km. 5 Balili

18. Summit Bank-Rural Bank of Tublay Inc. Km. 5 Balili

19. Land Bank of the Philippines Km. 5 Betag

20. Banco de Oro- EPCI, Inc. Km. 5 Pico

21. Rural Bank of Buguias, Inc. Km. 5 Pico

22. Producers Rural Bank Corporation(Producers Bank) Km. 5 Pico

23. Banco Bakun, Inc. Puguis

24. Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation Km. 5 Balili

Source: Licensing Section, Mayor’s Office

About 25 lending institutions also abound in the municipality.

Table 139: List of Lending Institutions

1. 2nd Manila Unicapital Corporation Km. 5 Pico
2. All Arm Lending Corporation Km.6 Betag
3. BATJODA Credit Cooperative Bahong
4. Benguet Lineman MPC (BELMUCO) BENECO Cmpd. Alapang
5. Bridge Auxiliary Finance Corporation Km. 5 Pico
6. CAMFIN Lending Company, Inc. Upper Cruz

7. Dep-Ed CAR Regional Office Employees MPC Wangal

Km. 4 Pico
8.Ilocos A+ Lending Company, Inc.
9. La Trinidad Vegetable Trading Post MPC LTVTP Cpd. Pico
Km. 5 Pico
10. Highland Vegetables Suppliers MPC
11. ASA Philippines Foundation Km. 6 Betag
Km. 4 Pico
12. Buenavista Financing Corporation
Km. 5 Pico
13. Community Based Business Cooperation Foundation Inc.
14. PAGASA Philippines Lending Company, Inc. Puguis
Capitol Cpd. Poblacion
15. Benguet Government Employees MPCI

78
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

16. BPIO Employees MPCI Stockfarm Wangal

Km. 5 Pico
17. Universal Multi-purpose Cooperative
18. Tulay Sa Pag-unlad Inc. / TSPI Dev’t Corp Km. 4 Pico
Km. 4 Pico
19. Rangtay sa Pagrang-ay, Inc. (MPCEE)
Km. 4 Balili
20. S&F Finance Corporation
21. Towncall Finance and Investment Corp. Km. 4 Pico
Km. 4 Pico
22. ORIX Metro Leasing and Finance Corporation
23. Multi-purpose Cooperative of COA-CAR Employees Km. 6 Betag
Buyagan Poblacion
24. Benguet Operators and Drivers Association MPC (BODA)
Km. 4 Pico
25. Express Lending Services
Source: Licensing Section, Mayor’s Office

Agriculture

There were 3,200 farming households in 2010 among 5,477 farmers, fishermen, and foresters. The total
agricultural area is 1,350.8 hectares, wherein 907.55 hectares are irrigated lands and 443.29 are rain
fed. While vegetables had remained to be the main agricultural crops, cut flowers and strawberries,
plantation crops had gained headway as a better source of income.

Table 140: Agricultural Production, 2009-2014

Type of Crop/
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Production (mt)

Palay 140 210 240 280 140 140

Root crops 370 462 357.75 303.75 360 144.50
Vegetables 14,905 22,855.50 18,086.36 23,594.14 23,595.84 3,670,991.58
Cutflowers(dozens) 18,012,668 28,810,500 27,785.00 31,485,762.25 29,678,190 3,924,277.34
Plantation Crops 17,800 32,040 25,752.90 8,951.50 8,256.80 8,526.50
Strawberry(kg) 15,200 7318 8,476.30 22,187 21,588 924.00
Fruit Trees (kg) 203,125 2,713,500 2,389.09 25,142.10 2,816.86 16,513
Source: Office of Municipal Agriculturist (OMAG)

Tenurial Status

Among these farming households, 68% owned or have an owner-like possession of the farmland, and
another 8% do not own the farmland, but farm the land with the consent of the owner, and about 22%
pay rent for the use of the farmland.

Table 141: Tenurial Status by Farming Households, 2010

Tenurial Status # of farming hh %

Owned or Owner-like Possession 2,186 68%
Rent 696 22%
Not Owned but with Consent of Owner 270 8%
Not Owned and Without Consent of Owner 9 0%
Other 34 1%
Not Stated 5 0%

79
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Total 3,200 100%

Source: CBMS 2010

Land Area

For most of the farmers, at 87%, their farmlands are less than 1 hectare. At least 12% of the farming
households have a wider farmland area of 1 to 3 hectares, and only 1% cultivate 3.1 hectares to 5
hectares of farmland.

Table 142: Land Area by Farming Household, 2010

Land Area # of farming hh %
Less Than 1 Hectare 2771 87%
1 - 3 Hectares 382 12%
3.1 - 5 Hectares 20 1%
More Than 5 Hectares 8 0%
Not Specified 19 1%
Total 3200 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Agricultural Implements

The most common agricultural tool among farming households is the insecticide sprayer, at 76%. The
irrigation pump comes in next at 25%, then the harrow at 21%.

Table 143: Ownership of Agricultural Equipment by Farming HH, 2010

Type of Agricultural Equipment/Facilities # % to total farm hh
Beast of Burden 102 3%
Plow 511 16%
Harrow 670 21%
Mower 249 8%
Thresher or Corn Sheller 99 3%
Insecticide or Pesticide Sprayer 2428 76%
Farm Tractor 97 3%
Hand Tractor 156 5%
Turtle or Mudboat 5 0%
Planter or Transplanter or Dryers 17 1%
Mechanical Dryer 27 1%
Multipurpose Drying Pavement 41 1%
Rice Mill/Corn Mill/Feed Mill 68 2%
Harvester, Any Crop 57 2%
Warehouse Granary 191 6%
Farmshed 419 13%
Irrigation Pump 787 25%
Other Equipment/Facilities 393 12%
Source: CBMS 2010

Livestock- Raising

Livestock and Poultry has remained a backyard enterprise, with swine and poultry a popular favorite
among the growers. This is due to the small amount of capitalization, the use of a comparatively smaller

80
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

space at the backyard, and the climate conditions conducive for animal growth. About 379 households
are involved in livestock-raising. Majority, at 54% are involved in hog fattening, 28% in chicken-raising,
and 7% in sow-raising.

Table 144: Livestock raised by Households, 2010

Type of Livestock raised # of hh % to total livestock-raising hh
Hog for Fattening 204 54%
Sow 26 7%
Goat 5 1%
Carabao 2 1%
Cow 7 2%
Chicken 108 28%
Chicken for Egg Laying 10 3%
Duck 8 2%
Other Livestock/Poultry 17 4%
Source: CBMS 2010

Benguet State University likewise maintains its goat and egg farms for the production of fresh milk and
eggs. While the Benguet Provincial Veterinarian’s Office maintains its Artificial Insemination Center,
catering to swine, carabao and cattle.
Table 145: Livestock and Poultry, 2014
Livestock/Poultry Type Product Market Heads
No. of Heads
Slaughtered
Cattle Backyard Local Market
Carabao Backyard Local Market
Horse Paltingan Corral, Wangal
Backyard
Swine Backyard Local Market
Goat Backyard Local Market
Goat Farm (BSU)
Poultry Backyard Local Market
Egg Farm (BSU)
Source: Office of the Provincial Veterinarian

Fishponds

There are a few water bodies found in the municipalities with a total aggregate area of 8.23 tons. Some
fishponds and clean water bodies have been piloted by the Municipal Agriculture Office in coordination
with the Bureau of Fisheries & Aquatic Resources. To date, there are about 35 fisher farmers in the
municipality. Total Fish Catch in 2009 was 8.22 tons. This was reduced to 1.9 tons only in 2013 and 1.8
in 2014.

Table 146: Comparative Fish Catch 2009-2014

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Catch
8.22 3.5 3.5 3.5 1.9 1.8
(tons)

Table 147: Fishponds by Location & Area, 2014

Fishery/Fishpond by Location Area (hectares)
BSU Fishponds, Balili 3.00

81
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Backyard Fishponds, Municipal wide -

Communal Bodies: Tebteb Creek, Balili 0.50
Ambiong Pond, Ambiong -
Bineng-Bodiweng Creek, Bineng 3.00
Conet River, Alno 5.00
Ampasit-Gayasi river, Wangal 5.00
Guadayan Creek, Puguis 0.50
Bayabas Creek, Pico 0.50
Reservoirs (Swamp, Bahong, & Alapang) HIRDP 1.00
Total 18.58
Source: OMAG

Postharvest Facilities

Trading Post

The La Trinidad Vegetable Trading Post (LTVTP) is considered the center of economic activities in the
municipality. With its establishment in the early 1980’s, purposely to serve as a marketing arm of the
vegetable industry of Benguet, it has spurred economic growth in the municipality. Many commercial
enterprises have been established as a result of the wholesale trading in the Trading Post. The LTVTP
was constructed under funding through the Economic Support Fund. Total cost of the project was P 12.4
M, with a 30% loan component at P 3.7 M and a 70% grant component at P8.7M.

Amenities: Total Area : 1,597.5 sq. m.

Bagsakan Area : 1,125 sq. m.
Traders’ Area : 40 sq. m/ booth @10 booths
Farmers’ Area : 52.5sq. m/ booth@ 17booths
Cold Storage : 262 sq. m.
Support facilities : 380 sq. m. for Offices, Canteen, Rest rooms
Volume Traded daily : over 300 tons/day

New Agri-Pinoy Trading Post (construction on- going)

While the LTVTP has been a boost to the economic activities in La Trinidad more than thirty years ago, it
has long been over congested. A P65 M new modern Trading Post and processing plant is now under
construction in a four-hectare lot owned by the Benguet State University Compound at the Strawberry
Fields of Betag.

The state-of-the-art facility will have several warehouses, cold storage, commercial areas, processing
center and post-harvest facilities as a conduit in developing a vibrant agricultural marketing system in
Benguet.
It shall be co-managed by the Department of Agriculture, Provincial and Municipal local governments,
Benguet State University, and the Farmers’ Groups. Project funds came from the Department of
Agriculture and the Korean International Cooperation Agency. This Trading Post is in its completion
stage.

*Other Post-harvest Facilities

Table 148: Other Post harvest Facilities

Type of Facility Location Owner Type of Products
Cold Storage Stockfarm, Wangal Provincial Government Vegetables, strawberries

Bahong Bahong Multi-Purpose Coop. Roses

82
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Swamp, Betag Benguet State University Strawberries

Grain Drying Facility Bineng Bineng Rice Association Rice

83
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Tourism

Main Tourism Event March 18 – 30 Strawberry Festival

84
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Tourism Spots

85
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

X. INFRASTRUCTURE & UTILITIES

Transportation

Road Network

La Trinidad has a total of 135.28 km of registered roads, occupying an area of 159.13 hectares. Out of
these, 22.33% are administered at barangay level, 48.17% at provincial level, 27.85 % at national level
and only 1.65% at municipal level.

Table 149: Roads by Administration, 1995

Road Length % Right of Type of Area (ha.) %
*
Classification (km) Dist’n Way Surface Occupied
National Rd. 23.920 17.68 20 C/A/E 44.32 27.85
Provincial Rd. 42.655 31.53 15 C/A/E 76.65 48.17
Municipal Rd. 3.597 2.66 8 C/A/E 2.62 1.65
Barangay Rd. 65.110 48.13 6 T/E/G 35.54 22.33
Total 135.283 100 49 159.13 100
* C: Concrete A: Asphalt E: Earth T: Tire path G: Gravel
Source: 1995, PEO, DPWH, MPDO

Vehicles & Utilities

In 2005, 9,902 vehicles were registered at the Land Transportation Office. The total number of
registered vehicles doubled in 2013 at 22,256 due to the growing urbanization in the area and
registration from nearby municipalities. This has further increased to 25,049 in 2014 which is expected
to have an impact on the demand for land for road construction. Already, the heavy volume of traffic
along the municipality’s main roads is a main cause of air pollution in the area. Surprisingly, there is
now an increasing registration of motorcycles, apparently in a bid to avoid traffic and save on gasoline
expenses.

86
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Table 150: Vehicle Registration, 2005-2014

Vehicle Type 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Private 9902 10287 11350 12603 13816 15135 16281 18482 20485 23111
Vehicles
Vehicles for 1665 1640 1541 1457 1454 1410 1369 1368 1316 1,412
Hire
Government 359 266 300 338 345 377 445 415 455 526
Vehicles
Total 11926 12193 13191 14398 15615 16922 18095 20260 22256 25049
Source: Land Transportation Office- La Trinidad

Traffic

As part of the Extension Program of the Department of Engineering, St. Louis University, a traffic study
was conducted in October 2012. Findings show that, in a day, a total of 7,722 vehicles passed through
the main thoroughfare (Baguio-Bontoc highway) from the foot of the capitol going towards Baguio.
From Baguio, towards Capitol, a total of 4,287 vehicles passed through the same road. At a maximum,
895 vehicles (or 50% of all vehicles) pass through this road per hour.

From
Baguio to
La Trinidad

From La
Trinidad to
Baguio

Power

Total Households Served

The Benguet Electric Cooperative (BENECO) serves the electricity needs of the Province and Baguio City.
Its main source of power is provided form the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market, the Sual Power plant,
and the Bineng Mini- Hydro Electric Plant. In the municipality, there has been an increasing number of

87
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

power connections from a total of 20,363 consumer connections in 2007 to 25,690 connections in 2013.
Records of the BENECO in 2014 show that there was a total of 26,215 connections, most of which are
provided for residential use. All barangays are served by BENECO except for a few far flung sitios.

Table 151: Total Electric Consumers, 2008-2014

Type of Consumer/ 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Total Records
Residential 18,169 18,074 18,570 19,478 20,288 22,845 23,333
Commercial (small) 2,299 1,825 1,857 1,873 1,907 2,491 2,523
Big Commercial 1 0 - -
Military 29 34 34
Public Building 285 203 206 209 216 279 283
Industrial 24 24 6 4 4 7 7
Street Light 56 16 14 16 19 34 34
High Voltage Public 0 - 1
TOTAL 20,833 20,143 20,653 21,580 22,463 25,690 26,215
Source: BENECO

The electricity demand for the Municipality of La Trinidad is supplied by the following power sources.

Table 152: BENECO Power Sources

Facilities Installed Contracted
Power Source
TYPE LOCATION Capacity (MW) Capacity (MW)
Sual Power Coal-Fired
Sual, Pangasinan 1218 55
Plant(TEAM Energy) Thermal
Bineng 1** Mini-Hydro Bito, La Trinidad 5
Bineng 2** Mini-Hydro Bito, La Trinidad 5
Bineng 2b** Mini-Hydro Bito, La Trinidad 5
Bineng 3** Mini-Hydro Bito, La Trinidad 5
WESM*** Volatile
Source: BENECO
Note:
* Beneco has bilateral contract w/ TEAM Energy
** BENECO is billed at load centers as per Electric Power Supply Agreement(EPSA) w/ HEDCOR
*** Pursuant to EPIRA all Distribution Utilities like BENECO is required to source at least 10% of its Energy
Requirement from WESM.

Domestic Water

Main Source of Domestic Water

Level III domestic water is provided mainly by the La Trinidad Water District (LTWD) whose service area
is limited to the more dense areas. Almost all barangays are covered except, Beckel, Shilan, Alno and
Bineng. From a total of 10,898 consumers in 2008, this increased in 2014 to 13,866 which is observed to
have decreased by 26 connections from the 2013 data, monthly consumption however increased to
35,098 m3. The LTWD relies mainly on groundwater for its sources, having developed 8 deep wells and 2
springs.

Water delivery has also become a secondary source of domestic water especially during the dry season,
where 241 cu.m. is delivered per month . During the rainy season, LTWD delivered about 36 cu.m. to
different household. Another 42 private water deliveries are also available.

Table 153: LTWD Consumption and Meter connections by Type of Consumer, 2008-2014
Consumer 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Residential 9,763 10,395 10,949 11,544 11,840 12,290 12,707
Commercial 1,038 1,044 1,058 1,061 1,030 1,045 1,043

88
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Government 97 109 119 128 128 105 116

Semi- Coml (A) 198 -
Semi- Coml (B) 254 -
Total 10,898 11,548 12,126 12,733 12,998 13,892 13,866
Monthly Cons’n (m3) 187,111 192,713 194,780 218,515 216,601 196,554.52 231,653
Source: LTWD

Other Sources of Domestic Water

Aside from the LTWD there are other level III sources of domestic water such as in Bahong, Alapang,
Tawang, Beckel and Puguis under cooperative arrangements with the user-residents of these areas.
Census survey in year 2000 shows that there are a total of 7031 households or 51% are connected to
this kind of water system. About 2403 households or 17.59 % have level III water system but share this
with other households.

There are about 1,985 households that use deep wells either for their own use or shared with other
households. While 272 use shallow wells and 162 households use dug wells. There are still a large
number of 1,259 that have level 1 water sources, directly from the rain, spring or rivers. Other water
sources may include water deliveries.

Table 154: Sources of Domestic Water, 2000

Level Type Source of Water Number %
/c
Level III Own use, Water System 7031 51.48
Level III Shared, Water System 2403 17.59
Level III Own use, Piped/Tubed, Deep well 903 6.61
Level III Shared, Piped/Tubed Deep well 1082 7.92
Level III Tubed/Piped Shallow well 272 1.99
/b
Level II Dug Well 162
1.19
/a
Level I Spring, Rain, River, others 1259
9.22
- Peddler 234 1.71
- Others 312 2.28
Source: NSO 2000
/a: From point source like springs and hand pumps, /b: Use of Communal Faucet
/c: Water is piped into homes

For year 2014, the Municipal Health Office reports that 97% of all households have access to water
through a Level III system. About 3% have access to Level I water sources.

Table 155: Comparative Sources of Domestic Water, 2009-2014

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Water # of hh % # of hh % # of hh % # of hh % # of hh % # of hh %
Source
Level I 2,510 16 2510 15 2510 14 420 2.63 420 2.82 590 3
Level II 250 2 250 1 250 1 _ _ 0 - - 0
Level III 13,155 83 14352 84 14959 85 15535 97.4 14,472 97.18 20,413 97
Source: MHO (Access to Safe Drinking Water)

For 2010, the main source of drinking water is bottled/purified/distilled water (considered by authorities
as safe drinking water), with 12,441 households or 54.98% of all households.

Table 156: Main Source of Drinking water, 2010

Main Source of Drinking Water # of hh %
Community Water System 4,606 20.36%

89
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Shared Community Water System 1,588 7.02%

Own Deepwell 226 1.00%
Shared Deepwell 277 1.22%
Own Artesian well 8 0.04%
Shared Artesian well 44 0.19%
Own Shallow well 16 0.07%
Shared Shallow well 97 0.43%
River, Stream, Lake, Spring, other bodies of water 2,937 12.98%
Bottled Water / Purified / Distilled water 12,441 54.98%
Tanker/Peddler 292 1.29%
Others 87 0.38%
Not Stated 8 0.04%
Total 22,627 100.00%
Source: CBMS 2010

For those households who do not use bottled / purified / distilled water, for 6,499 households or 62% of
all households, the source of drinking water is still within the premises of their home. For 19%, their
main source of drinking water is outside their premises within 250 meters or less. And for 8%, access to
safe water is more difficult.

Table 157: Distance of home to the Main Source of Drinking water, 2010
Distance of the Source of Drinking Water from home # of hh %
Within premises 6499 62%
Outside premises but 250 meters or less 2023 19%
251 meters or more 847 8%
Don’t know 1,049 10%
Total 10,418 100.00%
Source: CBMS 2011

Communication

Telephone Services

The Philippine Long Distance Company operate landline telephone facilities in the municipality covering
the urban areas. With mobile phone repeater stations located in the municipality, the use of mobile
phones has gained headway.

Telegraphic & Postal Services

The Bureau of Telecommunications (BUTEL) operates one telegraphic station equipped with telex
machines. It shares its office with the Philippine Postal Corporation, the main postal service provider in
the municipality. With internet connections, the use of e-mails has now stepped up, diminishing the
role of postal services. But there are 3 private couriers that provide quicker deliveries.

Television and Publications

Two Cable Television operators service the urban area the Sky cable and VIACOM. There are at least 7
local newspapers based in La Trinidad, otherwise all other Baguio- based newspapers provide the
populace information regarding local community events.

Table 158: Communication Facilities

Telephone Philippine Long Distance Company
Digitel
Mobile Phone Relay Stations Globe
Smart
Sun cellular

90
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Telegraph Bureau of Telecommunications

Telex None
Postal Philippine Postal Corporation
JRS Business Corp.
LBC Express
Wide Wide World Express.

Print Media Cordillera Today

Perlas ng Pilipinas
Global Filipino New
Northern Philippine Times Weekly New and Views
The Mountain Beat News
SunStar Baguio
Baguio Chronicle Media, Inc.
Source: Mayor’s Office, Licensing Section

XI. LOCAL GOVERNANCE

Development Concerns

Our Vision

We envision a La Trinidad that is dynamic, self-sustaining, ecologically balanced and peaceful

where God-loving and healthy people live in an atmosphere of social justice and effective
governance.

Our Mission

Our mission is to provide for adequate and responsive services to enable our citizens to live in
comfort, security, and prosperity, through maximum utilization of resources, active people’s
participation, active partnership with government organization and the private sector and
dedicated public services.

Our Goals
a. Improve quality of life;
b. Accelerate economic growth;
c. Improve access to basic services and facilities &
d. Provide a sustainable green, clean and aesthetically pleasing environment.

91
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Table 159: Poverty Indicators by Barangay, 2010

POVERTY INDICATORS Alapang Alno Ambiong Bahong Balili Beckel Bineng Betag Cruz Lubas Pico Poblacion Puguis Shilan Tawang Wangal Total

HEALTH AND NUTRITION

Children 0-5 years old who died 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 4 6 4 5 0 1 2 28
Women who died due to pregnancy related-
causes 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3
Malnourished children 0-5 years old 12 0 0 1 4 4 1 2 4 1 68 4 0 0 0 1 102
HOUSING
Households living in makeshift housing 10 2 95 1 0 1 7 0 5 6 94 27 41 31 20 4 344
Households who are squatters 158 0 5 6 3 4 0 1 0 6 61 6 44 10 0 0 304
WATER AND SANITATION
Households without access to safe water 19 242 0 145 105 355 164 0 1 124 62 22 394 502 105 248 2488
Households without access to sanitary toilet
facility 3 25 77 31 3 26 4 0 5 23 45 6 93 90 32 20 483
BASIC EDUCATION
Children 6-12 years old not attending
elementary 19 2 23 17 32 7 1 26 14 18 43 49 28 30 5 13 327
Children 13-16 years old not attending high
school 21 15 23 36 52 12 6 22 16 48 89 51 91 43 40 25 590
INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD
Households with income below poverty
threshold 71 90 140 124 90 117 113 54 102 80 262 150 239 277 186 135 2230
Households with income below food
threshold 33 48 74 66 47 50 64 22 66 37 116 66 134 182 99 137 1241
Households experienced food shortage 0 0 2 0 8 0 0 2 0 0 260 3 3 0 12 0 290
Unemployed members of the labor force 90 12 101 13 208 4 8 87 33 65 376 192 198 44 76 11 1518
PEACE AND ORDER
Members who are victims of crime 14 1 4 8 4 10 3 8 1 7 753 15 8 13 24 7 880

92
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Budget

Classified as a first class municipality by the Department of Budget and Management, the municipal
government had an operating of P 246.02 M, with an Internal Revenue Allotment from the national
government of P 156.60 M. Budget for the current year increases in the local revenue of the
municipality for the past years are due to the efforts to increase tax collection efficiency and the
apparent boom in business and commerce.

300

246.02
250
217.07
Total Budget (in millions)

200 185.87
166.23 164.72
147.7 155
150

100

50

0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Table 160: Total Budget by Source, 2009-2015

SOURCES/YR. 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Local Sources 68.7 59.7 63.73 63.72 69.87 80.37 89.42

Internal Revenue Allotment 79 95.3 102.5 101 116 136.70 156.60

Total Budget 147.7 155 166.23 164.72 185.87 217.07 246.02
Source: Municipal Budget Office

Of the total budget in 2015, 37% goes for Personal Services, 42% goes to Maintenance and Operating
Services and 3% goes to Capital Outlay. About 5% goes to Disaster Risk Reduction Expense/Statutory
obligations/Non-office expenditures and 20% Development Fund. Part and parcel under Personal
Services include salaries and wages and other premiums for government personnel.

In terms of Maintenance and Other Operating Expenditures, a large chunk goes to programs and
projects implemented by each office aside from the regular operating expenses of the office. Non-Office
Expenditures include other benefits due to personnel, the Calamity Fund and the 20% Development
Fund, where most of the infrastructure projects are funded from. It is noted also that the local
government exceeds the mandated 20% allocation of the Internal Revenue Allotment.

Table 161: Total Budget by Expense, 2010-2015

Budget by Item 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
( Php in millions) P % P % P % P % P % P %
I. Personal Services 62 40 68 41 73 44 80 43 82 38 91 37
II. Maintenance & Other 53 34 37 23 56 34 68 37 92 42 103 42
Operating Expenditures
III. Capital Outlay 8 5 11 7 5 3 3 2 4 2 8 3
IV. Non Office Expenditures/
Statutory Obligations /Others/DRRM 8 5 28 17 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 5
20% Devt Fund 24 16 21 12 24 14 25 13 28 13 32 13
Total Budget 155 100 166 100 167 155 186 100 217 167 246 100
Source: Annual Budgets

93
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Revenues & Receipts

Total Income has increased from Php 141 M in 2008 to PhP 261 M in 2013. But expenses have also
doubled from Php 121 M in 2008 to Php 188 M in 2013. In terms of net income, Php 20 M was realized
in 2008, and this has increased to Php 73 M in 2013.

Table 162: Comparative Income and Expenditures, (2009 - 2014)

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Income (Php in mil) P % P % P % P % P % P %
General Income Accts.
Permits and Licenses 9 5 8 4 9 4 11 5 12 5 15 5
Service Income 9 5 12 6 14 7 15 7 16 6 18.5 6
Business Income 29 16 31 16 35 16 40 18 45 17 44.9 16
Subsidy Income 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other Income 96 53 102 52 111 51 107 47 131 50 145 50
Tax Revenues
Local Taxes 40 21 44 22 48 22 53 23 57 22 64 22
Gain/Loss Accounts
Total Income 184 198 217 226 261 287.4
Less: Expenses
Personal Services 84 66 91 65 99 65 106 47 119 46 111 57
MOOE 44 34 49 35 54 35 58 26 69 26 83 43
Total Expenses 127 69 140 71 153 71 164 73 188 72 194 68
NET INCOME 55 31 58 29 64 29 62 27 73 28 93 32
Source: Mun Accounting Office

Comparative Income and Expenditures (In P Mil)

94
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Revenue by Source, 2014

Local Taxes, Permits and Service
64, 22% Licenses, 15, Income,
5% 18.5, 6%
Out of the sources of income for
2014, 50% came from the National
coffers (other income). Of the local
sources, Business Income
accounted for 16%, Tax Revenue at
22%, Service income at 6%, and
Permits and Licenses at 5%.
Business
Income,
44.9, 16%
Other
Income, 145,
51%
Source: Mun. Accounting Office

Programs & Projects

For the current year 2015, most of the municipal budget is appropriated for General Public
Services, equivalent to 54.85% of the total budget. The rest of the budget is broken down as follows:
7.65% is appropriated for Economic Development Services, 4.96% for the required Disaster Risk
Reduction Fund, and an amount was allotted for the Aid to Barangays. Slight changes in allocation are
seen in the Social Development Services which increased slightly from 15.70% in 2014 to 19.73% in
2015. But the 20% (of the IRA) Development Fund decreased from 13.50% to 12.80%.

Table 163: Budgetary Allocation by Sectoral Service, 2013-2015

Budget Year 2013 2014 2015
Budgetary Allocation P % P % P %
Economic Development Services 15.36 8.26% 15.36 8.26% 18.83 7.65%
General Public Services 107 57.6% 107 57.6% 134.95 54.85%
Social Development Services 29.17 15.7% 29.17 15.7% 48.53 19.73%
20% Municipal Development Fund 25 13.5% 25 13.5% 31.5 12.80%
5% Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund 9.3 5% 9.3 5% 12.2 4.96%
Aid to Barangays 0.016 0% 0.016 0% 0.016 0.01%
Total 185.869 100% 185.869 100% 246.02 100.00%

160
Budget per sector (in millions)

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Economic General Public Social Dev't. 20% 5% LDRRMF Aid to
Dev't. Services Services Services Municipal Barangays
Dev't. Fund
2013 2014 2015

95
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

At least 20% of the Internal Revenue Allotment is required by law to fund development projects, known
as the 20% Municipal Development Fund, the amount in 2014 was Php 27.50M and for 2015, Php 31.5
M.

Table 164: 20% Development Fund Programs, Projects, and Activities, 2013-2015
Programs and Projects 2013 2014 2015
I. Social Development Services
A. Health Services 1.1 1.0 0.00
B. Social Welfare & Development Services 1.25 2.0 3.30
C. General Public Development Services 5.15 .30 4.30
II. Economic Development Services
A. Infrastructure Services 4.45 1.14 12.86
B. Agricultural Services - 9.26 1.50
C. Commerce, Trade, & Industry Services 0.5 5.20 5.00
D. Domestic Water Development Services 0.5 .50 12.86
III. Environment & Natural Resources Preservation Services
A. Solid Waste Management Services 10.6 6.95 4.53
B. Forest & Watershed Protection Services 0.75 .95 0.00
C. Drainage, Sewerage, & Flood Control Services 0.7 .20 0.00
TOTAL Php (mil) 25 27.50 31.50
Source: 20% Development Fund, 2013-2015

Organization & Staffing

A total of 350 personnel comprise the municipal organization among 13 different offices. Out of the 350,
206 are permanent employees, 16 are casual employees, 112 are on contractual and job order basis, 12
are elective officials, and 4 co-terminous employees. Attached offices include the Municipal Local
Government Operations Office-DILG, La Trinidad Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection,
Municipal rail Court, and the Commission on Elections, whose wages comes from the national coffers.

Table 165: Number of Employees per Office, 2014

OFFICE Male Female Total
Permanent Employees
Office of the Municipal Mayor 40 12 52
Office of the Sangguniang Bayan 5 4 9
Municipal Legal Office 1 0 1
Municipal Planning & Development Office 7 4 11
Municipal Local Civil Registrar 3 2 5
Municipal Budget Office 1 3 4
Municipal Treasury Office 12 8 20
Municipal Accounting Office 4 6 10
Municipal Assessor’s Office 4 5 9

96
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Municipal Agriculture Office 10 4 14

Municipal Health Office 5 16 21
Municipal Engineering Office 11 2 13
Mun. Social Welfare & Development Office 1 8 8
Economic Enterprise 42 10 52
SVHR 2 0 2
Sub-total 131 75 231
Casual Employees 5 2 7
Job order Employees 79 50 129
Co-Terminous Employees 2 2 4
Elective Officials 9 2 11
TOTAL 221 129 382
Source: Human Resource Management Section, Mayor’s Office

Municipal Officials

Table 166 : Newly Elected Municipal Officials (July 2013- June 2016)
Municipal Mayor Hon. Edna C. Tabanda
Municipal Vice Mayor Hon. Romeo K. Salda
Councillors Hon. John G. Botiwey
Hon. Horacio A. Ramos, Jr.
Hon. Roderick C. Awingan
Hon. Estrella B. Adeban
Hon. Joey Jovencio L. Marrero
Hon. Francis A. Lee
Hon. Henry M. Kipas
Hon. Renato B. Tereng
Ex- Officio ABC President Hon. Teddy M. Quintos

Sanggunian Bayan Standing Committees

Table 167 : Standing Committees (July 2013- June 2016)
Committee Chairperson
Finance, Budget, and Appropriations Hon. John G. Botiwey
Tourism, Special Events, and External Affairs Hon. Roderick C. Awingan
Public Utilities Hon. Joey Jovencio L. Marrero
Trade and Industry , Labor, Livelihood, & Accreditation Hon. Horacio A. Ramos, Jr.
Personnel, Good Government, Human Rights, and Justice Hon. Estrella B. Adeban
Laws, Rules, and Regulation Hon. John G. Botiwey
Health Hon. Francis A. Lee
Agriculture Hon. Renato B. Tereng
Zoning, Housing, Urban and Rural Development Hon. Henry M. Kipas
Barangay Affairs Hon. Teddy M. Quintos
Peace and Order, Public Safety, and Civil Defence Hon. Francis A. Lee
Public Market, & Local Economic Enterprise Hon. Renato B. Tereng
Social Services Hon. Estrella B. Adeban
Education Hon. Horacio A. Ramos, Jr.
Ways and Means Hon. Henry M. Kipas
Natural Resources & Environmental Protection Hon. Teddy M. Quintos
Public Works, Project Monitoring and Evaluation Hon. Joey Jovencio L. Marrero
Youth and Sports Development Hon. Francis A. Lee
Cooperative, Private Organization & Non-Government Hon. Estrella B. Adeban
Organization
Culture & Arts Hon. Francis A. Lee
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Hon. Roderick C. Awingan

97
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Solid Waste Management Hon. Teddy M. Quintos

Oversight Committee Hon. Henry M. Kipas
Source : Sangguniang Bayan
Punong Barangays

Table 168: List of Punong Barangays (October 2013-2016)

Alapang Hon. Rolando P. Leon
Alno Hon. Jonie S. Puroc
Ambiong Hon. Teddy M. Quintos
Bahong Hon. Johnny Q. Monang
Balili Hon. Ramon B. Tomin
Beckel Hon. Allan Y. Maliones
Betag Hon. Peter D. Comila
Bineng Hon. Felix M. Sito
Cruz Hon. Charles T. Canuto
Lubas Hon. Roger L. Angel
Pico Hon. Juan A. Mendoza
Poblacion Hon. Manuel A. Dulnuan
Puguis Hon. Sonny Victor D. Balanoy
Shilan Hon. Mariano T. Caluza
Tawang Hon. Denver D. Gomeyac
Wangal Hon. Valentino R. Walang

Community Participation

As to the participation of the populace into community affairs, there are 8,678 persons who are
members in community organizations. At least 24% are members of civic organizations, 17% are
members of the Senior Citizens Association, and 16% are members of a cooperative.

Table 169: Community Membership by Sex

#
Type of Community Organizations
Male Female Total %
Religious 290 350 640 7%
Youth 317 306 623 7%
Cultural 165 184 349 4%
Political 45 10 55 1%
Women's 10 723 733 8%
Agricultural 286 118 404 5%
Labor 117 53 170 2%
Civic 1,129 968 2,097 24%
Cooperative 759 663 1,422 16%
Senior Citizens 659 835 1,494 17%
Others 345 344 689 8%
Not Stated 1 1 2 0%
Total 4,123 4,555 8,678 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Access to Government Programs

Among all types of government programs, a total of 9,918 households or 44% of all households were
able to benefit from government programs. About 4,142 households are members of Philhealth for
Indigents, 2,469 households were able to receive health assistance, and 1,082 households were able to
avail of credit. Most of the households, at 85% were able to rate the programs positively.

Table 170: Access to Government Programs by Type, 2010

98
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Type of Govt Program # %

Recipient of CARP 117 1%
Philhealth for Indigents 4142 42%
Supplemental Feeding 992 10%
Health Assistance 2469 25%
Education / scholarship 557 6%
Skills or livelihood training 130 1%
Housing program 109 1%
Credit program 1082 11%
Others 320 3%
Total 9918 44% of all hh
Source: CBMS 2010

Table 171: Program Effect Rating

Rating # %
Positive 8436 85%
No Effect 1259 13%
Negative Effect 223 2%
Total 9918 100%
Source: CBMS 2010

Local Governance Performance Report, 2009-2012

The Local Governance Performance Management System, or LGPMS for brevity, is an on-line
national information system on local governments, introduced by the Department of the Interior and
Local Government. It is a self-assessment, management and development tool that enables local
governments to determine their capabilities and limitations in the delivery of essential public services. It
is a web-based system that has the ability to produce information on the state of local governance
performance, and the state of local development, using governance and development indicators.

In 2012, the state of Local Governance Performance of the municipal government report is
indicated below in 5 areas of governance. With 5 as the highest rank, the municipal government of La
Trinidad excels in its participation, transparency, financial accountability, administrative governance
particularly the Human Resource Management and Development, Social Governance, and in Forest
Ecosystems Management. In most areas of governance, although not excellent, the local government is
doing fairly well. Priority Areas that need improvement are in Entrepreneurship, Business and Industry
Promotion and Support to Agriculture Services.

Table 172: LGPMS Ratings, 2009-2012

Governance Indicators/ yr. 2009 2010 2011 2012
Fundamentals of Governance
Participation 4.00 5.00 4.83 5.00
Transparency 5.00 4.87 4.87 5.00
Financial Accountability 3.49 4.51 4.59 5.00
Administrative Governance
Local Legislation 3.97 3.36 2.54 4.75
Development Planning 4.81 4.86 4.41 4.80
Customer Service - Civil Applications 4.60 4.00 5.00 4.80
Human Resource Management and Development 3.80 4.20 4.20 5.00
Social Governance
Health Services 4.74 4.84 4.84 5.00
Support to Education Services 4.90 5.00 4.50 5.00
Support to Housing and Basic Utilities 3.40 5.00 3.40 5.00

99
 La Trinidad Socio-Economic & Physical Profile
2014

Peace, Security and Disaster Risk Management 4.79 4.97 3.71 4.78
Economic Governance
Support to Agriculture Services 4.00 4.67 4.67 3.71
Entrepreneurship, Business and Industry Promotion 3.50 4.67 4.27 3.94
Environmental Governance
Forest Ecosystems Management 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Urban Ecosystems Management 2.59 4.48 4.28 4.65
Source: State of Local Governance Performance, Electronic Report, 2009-2012 ( 5: Highest)

Local Achievements

2007 Most Child- Friendly Municipality Award, Regional Awardee

2008 Most Outstanding LGU in Literacy Program, National Finalist

2009 Presidential Award for Most Child-Friendly Municipalities, National Finalist

2010 Best “One Town, One Product” Implementer Award, National Finalist

2011 Gawad Saka Awardee

Agri-Pinoy Awardee
Seal of Good Housekeeping
Most Improved Municipal Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit

2012 Most Child- Friendly Municipality Award, Presidential Award

Best in Promotion and Enhancement of Organic Agriculture, Regional Awardee
Best Environmental Practices, Provincial Awardee
Seal of Good Housekeeping
Seal of Disaster Preparedness

2014 Outstanding Municipality Organic Achievers Award

Level II PRIME HRM Award
BPLS Compliant Award
Most Competitive Municipality in CAR, 2nd Place
Gawad Kalasag Award 2014, Regional Awardee (1st), National Awardee (3rd)

This document is prepared by the Research and Evaluation Section of the Office of Municipal Planning and
Development Coordinator. Special thanks to Sally Sacpa for the Collated CBMS Data.

Robelyn Madayag
Statistician I

100