Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF SORSOGON CITY

SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING 11

(WELD CARBON STEEL PLATE USING SMAW)
Grade: 11 Quarter: 2 Week: 5-6

USE OF BASIC HAND TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

I. INTRODUCTION:
A tool is a device that can be used to produce an item or accomplish a task, but that is not consumed in the
process. It can be considered as extension of the human hand thus increasing speed, power, and accuracy and
on the other hands equipment includes any machine powered by electricity.
A list of common hand tools and their uses are provided with picture illustration for your better
comprehension
II. OBJECTIVES:
1. Select hand tools.
2. Use hand tools.
3. Maintain hand tools.
III. LEARNING ACTIVITY:
Types and Uses of Hand Tools
(SMAW tools included but not limited to the following)
1. Measuring tools - A tool use for measuring physical quantity of distance.
2. Holding tools - Tools for holding firmly any material that has to be cut.
3. Cutting tools - In the context of machining, a cutting tool or cutter is any tool that is used to remove
material from the work piece by means of shear deformation.
4. Driving Tools - Driving tools include a variety of steel tools used to install, repair and maintain a variety
of constructions. Drivers are used to drill, insert and drive screws, nuts and bolts into surfaces with
mechanical and manual force. Tools defined as drivers include hammers, screwdrivers, mauls and
sledges

Measuring Tools
1. Pull-push rule. This flexible rule when extended will support itself,
but may also be used to measure curved, irregular surfaces.
Steel tape rule blade is usually ½ inch wide and 72 inches long.
The graduation is sixteenths, except for the first 6 inches which
are graduated in thirty-seconds of an inch

2. Steel tape is similar to a steel tape rule except for its flexible number of feet that are marked on the
tape. The tape is 3/8 inch wide and available in lengths from 25 to 100 feet.
3. Steel rule. This is the most common tool used in tool room. It is made of tampered steel about 1/8 inch
thick and ¾ inch wide and 6 to 12 inches long.

4. Try Square is an instrument used to measure the square of an object.

5. Combination Square. It is an instrument combined with 45°, 90° and a protractor.

6. Micrometer Caliper. Is a precision measuring instrument used to measure dimensions in thousandths

of an inch.

7. Vernier caliper is a precision measuring instrument used to measure the inside, outside diameter, as
well as depth of hole and slot.
 8. Dividers. These are used for measuring or setting of distances, and to lay out arcs and circles.

Holding Tools
1. Vise-Grips or Locking Pliers are pliers that can be locked into position, using an over-center toggle
action. One side of the handle includes a bolt that is used to adjust the spacing of the jaws, the other
side of the handle (especially in larger models) often includes a lever to push the two sides of the
handles apart to unlock the pliers. Locking pliers are available in many different configurations, such as
needle-nose locking pliers, locking wrenches, locking clamps and various shapes to fix metal parts for
welding. They also come in many sizes.

2. Bench vise (American English) or vice (British English) is a mechanical apparatus used to secure an
object to allow work to be performed on it. Vises have two parallel jaws, one fixed and the other
movable, threaded in and out by a screw and lever

3. Drill vise is a sturdy steel vise with movable jaw that easily goes back or forth by raising the handle.

4. Clamps are made of different sizes and appearance that are fitted to its purpose. These devices have
been designed to hold work securely which performing skills through grinding, bending, fitting and
cutting of metals.
A. C-clamp or G-clamp is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or metal work
piece, and often used in, but are not limited to, carpentry and welding. Often believed that
these clamps are called "C" clamps because of their C-shaped frame, or also often called C-
clamps or G-clamps because including the screw part they are shaped like an uppercase letter
g, but in fact they were originally called a carriage makers clamp, or Carriage Clam.
 B. Tool maker clamp is used for holding small parts both at the bench and at the machine. This
tool is also known as a parallel clamp

5. Tong is used to hold the metal to be forged and must be held securely while working.

6. Pliers are used for holding, cutting and twisting wires

Cutting Tools
1. Hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw, originally and mainly made for cutting metal. Most hacksaws are hand
saws with a C-shaped frame that holds a blade under tension.
Such hacksaws have a handle, usually a pistol grip,
with pins for attaching a narrow disposable blade.
The frames may also be adjustable to accommodate
blades of different sizes. A screw or other mechanism
is used to put the thin blade under tension.
On hacksaws, as with most frame saws, the blade can be mounted with the teeth facing toward or
away from the handle, resulting in cutting action on either the push or pull stroke.
2. Blade. It is made of thin, high grade steel usually 1.27 mm thick and 30.48cm long with an inclined row
of teeth serving as cutter.
The two types of blades are:
a. All hard In this type, the entire blade is hardened and tempered, making it
very brittle. Use this type in cutting steel and cast iron.
b. Flexible back. In this type, only the teeth portion is hardened and
tempered, making the blade springy and less likely to break.
The following are the recommended teeth-per-inch of blades for
different kinds of stocks to be cut:
a. 14 teeth-per-inch. It is used for brass, aluminum, cast iron
and soft iron.
b. 18 teeth-per-inch. It is used for drill rod, mild steel, tool steel
and general work
c. 24 teeth-per-inch. It is recommended for thin tubing and pipe.
3. Files are made of high grade steel which are hardened and tempered. Each file has rows of teeth that
form, shape and finish metal by removing chips and smoothing rough edges of the metal surface. They
differ in length, shape, cut and coarseness.
Kinds of files:
1. Mill file a single-cut file used for filing and finishing brass and bronze.

2. Flat file is usually rectangular in shape and tapered slightly in width and thickness. It is one of
the most commonly used files for general work.

3. Square file is intended for filing square or rectangular holes.

4. Round file is used primarily for enlarging holes.

5. Half-round file is used for filing curved or concave surfaces.

6. A triangular file is used for filing surfaces that meet at least 90º. It is exclusively used for
sharpening wood saws and for smoothening rectangular opening. It is also known as three
square file.
4. Cold chisel. A wedge-shaped tool used to shear, cut, and chip metal
Types of cold chisel and their particular functions:
1. Flat chisel is used for chipping flat surfaces; cutting off rivets or metal fasteners, thin sheets,
and small bars; and for general purposes. Its cutting edge ranges from 13 to 25mm.

2. Cape chisel has a narrow edge suited for cutting narrow grooves or slots.

3. Diamond-point chisel has a diamond-shaped cutting edge intended to cut V grooves.

4. Round-nose chisel has a round nose cutting edge for cutting round and semi-circular grooves.

Scraper is used in removing points, burrs and sharp edges from metal surface and similar parts. This tool is
made of hardened steel of various shapes that fit according to each purpose. There are bearing scrapes,
flat, sharper, three-connected scraper.

1. For the removal of the high spots on metal surface.

2. For scraping the surface of cylindrical bearing when fitting shafts into place.

3. For the removal of burrs and sharp internal edges from soft brushing and similar parts
 Punches, are used for permanent marking on the surface of metal.
Kinds of Punches:
1. Prick punch. A small center punch which is also known as a layout puncher. Its point is placed an
angle of 30 degrees.

2. Center punch has one end guard to a 90 degrees conical point.

Driving Tools
1. Hammers
A. Ball peen hammer is used for straightening bending and deforming metals. It has two faces. One is flat
in striking cold chisels and punches. The other side the “peen” is rounded for bending and shaping
metals. Ball peen hammer generally has a wood or fiberglass handle measuring 10-16 inches long. Head
weight ranges from 2-48 oz. A 20oz hammer is good for general purpose.

B. Chipping hammer is used for removing slag on weld and with two faces, the tapered from one side and
round pointed on the other side.

2. Wrench is used for loosening and tightening light and heavy nuts and bolts. There are different kinds and
sizes of wrenches designed according to uses and functions.
A. An adjustable wrench has a movable jaw which makes it adjustable to various sizes of nuts. A heavy type
of adjustable wrench is the monkey/pipe wrench.
 B. Oxy acetylene wrench- A type of wrench used for tightening hose and fitting connection on oxy-
acetylene unit.

C. An open-ended wrench is one that is made to fit one size of nut or bolt. This is the most inexpensive
type of wrench that is quite efficient in ordinary situations.

D. Closed-end wrench is similar to a single ended wrench, but as it entirely encloses a nut, there is a little
danger of the wrench slipping off the nut or the jaws spreading apart.

E. Socket wrench is a tool with a usually interchangeable socket to fit over a nut or bolt.

3. Screwdriver is hand tool that is designed to turn screws. The blade is made of steel, attached to one end of a
wooden or plastic handle. The other end is flattened to fit slots in the heads of screws on bolts. The other
kinds of screw drivers are called a Phillips screw driver and helical-ratchet screw driver.

 Electrical Equipment (Power Grinder) Grinder s a cutting tool which is driven by an electric motor
PROPER MAINTENANCE OF HAND TOOLS
Maintenance of hand tools and machines are of both primordial concerns. The term “maintenance” means
a scheduled or a planned visit of tools or equipment’s for inspection and from there, reports and
recommendation developed and the next tasks to be decided such as cleaning, application of lubricants,
dismantling and etc.
Some of the simple maintenance activities for hand tools, and the maintenance schedule should be posted
in a visible corner of the tool area where everybody can read it.
1. Lubricating. A task performed through the application of lubricant substance to the identified items
in parts.
2. Tightening/Loosening. In an assembly of structures, we have tools for fittings that need to be
tightened and loosened and in as much as they pose high risk to safety. Tightening bolts and nuts
and other fittings requires procedures should carry out compliance.
3. Tool for hand Sharpening. Some tools need to be sharpened such as blades of knife, cold chisel,
punches and many others. To do hand sharpening for hand tools requires techniques and
application. In some multi knives cutter, manufacturers produce knife sharpening system to hold or
clamp the blade for ensuring strong blade to stone contact during sharpening and also provided with
course to fine honing stones. For cold chisel and punches, the right file-size and grades are used for
repairing the defective anvil curve.
4. Simple Repair. Repair practices of hand tools are still available anytime. But, to some extent, tools
are checked yearly and many of the hand tools are eligible for condemnation and the whole items
are to be replaced by a new unit. However, there are instances that minor repair can be performed,
like replacement of wooden handle of a hammer and mushroomed head of a cold chisel.
5. Cleaning. Simple process applied to hand tools. The cleaning approach may differ from one another.
For example, cleaning of the rack corners of hand tools by using air vacuum or by a piece of clothes.
Similar process may be applied to identical cleaning situations.

The 5S system is a lean manufacturing tool that improves workplace efficiency and eliminates waste. There
are five steps in the system, each starting with the letter S
V. EVALUATION
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in a sheet of
paper.

1 A simple process applied to hand tools to extend its life span.

A. Cleaning. B. Simple repair C. Lubricating D. Overhauling
2. A bench vise is rusting. How could have been prevented?
A. Cleaning B. Simple repair C. Lubricating D. Overhauling
3. A worker handle of a ball peen hammer is broken. What is the remedy?
A. Cleaning B. Simple repair C. Lubricating D.Overhauling
4. Your cold chisel is dull? What maintenance activity should you do?
A. Cleaning B. Simple repair C. Lubricating D. Sharpening

B. Identify the following Hand tools below.

5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10.

Reference:
Shielded Metal Arc Welding – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Modified by: Jay-Ar N. Bustamante - TI Content Editor: Marilyn c. Hular, MT1, Amalia H. Domdom, Asst. School Principal I

RIZAL INTEGRATED NATIONAL SCHOOL

Rizal, West District, Sorsogon City
REACH, SHINE, and Build a LEGACY!
500466@deped.gov.ph