Tex 305

Fabric Manufacturing-II
Warp knitting portion

Prepared by
Sheikh Nazmul Hoque
Assistant Professor
DTE, AUST
 Introduction to warp knitting

Warp Knitting: Warp knitting is defined as a loop forming

process in which the yarn is fed into knitting zone, parallel to the
fabric selvedge.

In warp knitting, fabric is made by forming loops from yarns

coming in parallel sheet form which run in the direction of fabric
formation (like warp in weaving). Every needle is fed by a separate
yarn for loop formation.
 Introduction to warp knitting (contd.)

Large numbers of yarns in parallel sheet form are supplied from warp
beam. Hence warping is essential in warp knitting. Warp knitting machines
are flat and comparatively more complicated than weft knitting machines.
Examples of warp knitted structures
 History of warp knitting
William Lee and Karl Mayer- the history of warp knitting is closely
associated with these two names.
In 1589 Lee applied for a patent for the first mechanical machine for
producing knitted structures and creating the technical basis for developing
warp knitting technology.
In 1947, 358 years later, the farsighted businessman and mechanic Karl
Mayer exhibited his first warp knitting machine in an international trade
fair. That very machine had only two guide bars that marked the beginning
of an era full of innovative leaps in the world of warp knitting.
As early as 1953, Karl Mayer GmbH introduced the company’s own first
Raschel machine paving the way for the “Super-Rapid” era.
 Types of warp knitting machines
Based on the features of warp knitting, the machines available
are classified into two categories, namely
i) Tricot
ii) Raschel
 Differences between Tricot and Raschel knitting machine

Tricot knitting machine Raschel knitting machine

1. Bearded or compound needles are used 1. Latch needles or compound needles are
used
2. Sinkers control the fabric throughout the 2. Sinkers only ensure that the fabric stays
knitting cycle down when the needle rise
3. Less number of guide bars (upto 8) 3. More number of guide bars (upto 78)
4. Warp beams are positioned at the back 4. Warp beams are positioned at the top

5. Gauge is defined as needles per one inch 5. Gauge is defined as needles per two
inches
 Differences between Tricot and Raschel knitting machine (contd.)

Tricot knitting machine Raschel knitting machine

6. Machines are made in finer gauges [(14 to 6. Machines are made in coarser gauges [(24
50) needles per inch] to 64) needles per two inch)]
7. The angle between incoming yarn sheet and 7. The angle between incoming yarn sheet
fabric take-down is about 90° (considerable and fabric take-down is about 170° (low
needle stress) needle stress)
8. Knitting tension is lower 8. Knitting tension is higher
9. Machines are wider 9. Machines are narrower
10. Machine speed is higher (up to 3500 10. Machine speed is lower (up to 2000
CPM) CPM)
11. Working width ranges from 130ʺ - 280ʺ. 11. Working width ranges from 130ʺ - 195ʺ.
 Differences between Tricot and Raschel knitting machine (contd.)

Tricot knitting machine Raschel knitting machine

12. Comparatively simple structures are 12. Simple to complex structures can be
produced produced
13. For guide bar movement the chain link 13. For guide bar movement the chain link
numbering are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. numbering are 0, 2, 4, 6, etc.

14. Tricot fabric possesses more resilience, 14. Raschel fabric possesses less resilience,
higher bursting strength/ tearing strength, and lower bursting strength/ tearing strength, and
better dimensional stability. worse dimensional stability.

15. Numbering of guide bars is done from the 15. Numbering of guide bars is done from the
back to front of the machine. front to back of the machine.
 Products of Tricot machines
Sportswear
Swimwear
Intimate apparel
Lingerie
Automotive seats
Tulle
Shoe fabrics
Outerwear Tulle
Mosquito nets
Coating substrates
Mattresses
Bedding
 Products of Tricot machines (contd.)
Embroidery grounds
Advertising media
Toy plush
Flags
Cleaning textiles
Vehicle interiors
Velour
Net curtains
Towels
Bath robes
 Products of Raschel machines
Shoe fabrics
Marquisette
Coating substrates
Curtains
Embroidered tulle
Patterned tulle
Patterned corsetry
Lace-like spot nets
Intimate apparel
Elastic and rigid lingerie
 Products of Raschel machines (contd.)
Swimwear
Functional sportswear
Outerwear
Knitting elements of warp knitting machine
 Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)
 Needle
 Sinker
 Guide
 Presser
 Trick plate
 Latch wire

• 1st three elements are common for all warp knitting machines.
• 1st four elements are movable thus attached to corresponding bars.
Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)

Needle
 Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)

Needle
All the three types of needles (bearded, latch & compound) are used
in warp knitting as well.

All the needles move up and down together for loop formation, i.e.,
all the loops in a course are made simultaneously.

Instead of giving motion to the individual needles, all the needles

are connected /fixed to a bar called needle bar.

 Needles are set in tricks cut in the needle bed of the machine.
Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)

Needle
 Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)

Sinker

The sinker is a thin plate of metal which is placed between every

two needles.
The sinkers are usually cast in units, 1 inch long, which in turn are
screwed into a bar called sinker bar.
The sinkers are given almost linear horizontal (forward and
backward) motion through the sinker bar.
The neb and the throat of the sinker are used to hold down the fabric
while the belly of the sinker is used as a knocking over platform.
Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)

Presser
Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)
Presser
In order to close the beard for casting-off of the old loop in
Tricot machine, some closing element (Presser bar) is must.

The elements needed in Tricot machine are set in a separate

bar across the full width of the machine which also get
motion from a cam or crank fitted on the main shaft.

The presser bar closes the beard of the bearded needle

when the same moves downward after catching of the new
yarn for loop formation.
Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)
Trick plate
• The trick plate, also known as knock over comb, is a
vertical plate extending through the width of the machine.
• It is made of thin punched metal blades cast in a unit.
• The forward end of the trick plate provides a firm surface
for the stitch to be knocked over against.
• The blades of the trick plate ensure an exact knocking over
of the stitches.
Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)
Latch guard or wire
 Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)

Latch guard or wire

 In Raschel machines, when the loops of the fabric clear the
latches, the later have sometimes the tendency to flick back and
close the hooks of the needles.

 So a steel wire stretched across the whole width of the machine is

used as latch guard to stop the flicking of latches.
Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)
Guides and guide bars

Guides are thin metal plates drilled with a hole in their

lower end through a yarn may be threaded if required.

The guides are held together at their upper end in a metal

lead of 1 inch width and are spaced in it to the same gauge
as the machine. The leads in turn are attached to a
horizontal bar to form a complete guide bar assembly bar,
so that the guides hang from it with each one occupying a
position at rest midway between two adjacent needles.
Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)
Guides and guide bars

Guide bars are generally made of carbon fiber reinforced

plastic plates. The guide bars are given a compound lapping
movement.
All guides in a conventional guide bar produce an identical
lapping movement at the same time and therefore have
requirements of same warp tension and rate of feed although
yarns may differ in colour and composition. But the two
guide bars may have different lapping movement where
requirement of warp feed and warp tension may vary also.
Knitting elements of warp knitting machine (contd.)
Needle bar and guide bar
Lapping movements of the guide bar
Lapping movements of the guide bar (contd.)
Lapping movements of the guide bar (contd.)
 Lapping movements of the guide bar (contd.)

 The guides of a guide bar are required to execute a compound

lapping movement composed of two separate motions namely-
Swinging motion, and Shogging motion.

 The swinging motion of the guides takes place either from the
front of the needles to the back or from the back of the needles
to the front. It is in arc and it occurs between adjacent needles.

 The swinging motion occurs between adjacent needles and is

a fixed, collective, and automatic action for all the guide bars as
they pivot on a common rocker shaft.
 Lapping movements of the guide bar (contd.)
 The shogging movement of the guide bar is the lateral motion
of the guides which occur parallel to the needle bar. The
shogging movement of guides may be from left to right or from
right to left. Moreover, the extent of shog may vary from cycle
to cycle or from bar to bar.

The shogging of the guide bar may occur either in the front of
the needles or at the back of the needles and accordingly
produces the overlaps or underlaps.

 A shogging movement can occur when the guides have swung

clear of the needle heads on the back or front of machine.
 Lapping movements of the guide bar (contd.)

 The front shogging motion is called Overlap and the back

shogging motion is called Underlap. A swinging motion and a
shogging motion act at right angle to each other in order to
form overlap and underlap.

 Shogging motion is operated by pattern wheel/chain.

The occurrence, timing, direction and extent of each shog is

separately controlled for each guide bar by its pattern chain
links or pattern wheel.
Pattern mechanism
Pattern mechanism (contd.)
Pattern mechanism (contd.)
 Pattern mechanism (contd.)
Swinging and shogging motions not only produce lap of the yarns
around the needles but also shift the yarns from one needle to
other.

The ultimate pattern or structure of the fabric depends on the

nature (direction, relative position and extent) of movements of
the guides.

The following pattern controlling mechanisms are generally used

in warp knitting machines for imparting the necessary motions to
the guides:
• Pattern wheel
• Pattern chain Links
• Electronic jacquard
 Pattern wheel

 A pattern wheel is a steel disc (drum) which has different

slopes on its circumference. These slopes stroke a shogging
roller or bowl as the pattern wheel revolves and the
shogging motion is transmitted to the guide bar through a
push rod.
 Pattern wheel (contd.)

 The pattern wheel is just like a cam with curves or slopes

made on its circumference according to the pattern. These
curves which are required for the overlapping and
underlapping of the needle bar are smoothly shaped and
have a well formed transition to and from each other.
 Pattern wheel (contd.)

 The heights of the slopes decide the extent of lateral

displacement of the guide bars.
A thrust is exerted on the guide bar to shog it positively
when there is a height increment of the slope of wheel. This
is called positive shogging.
 Pattern wheel (contd.)

 A decrease in height of slope will cause the guide bar to move

towards the pattern wheel due to the action of return spring.
This is called negative shogging.
 A constant height will produce no shog and the guide bar will
continue to swing through the same needle space. This is called
no shog or neutral shog.
 Pattern wheel (contd.)

 In real situation the circumference of the pattern disc is

generally divided into 48 equal parts. If 2 movements are
needed for 1 course (2 phase) i.e., phase 1 or graduation is
overlapping, and phase 2 or graduation is underlapping;
then 24 (48/2) courses can be accommodated round the
circumference of the disc.
 Pattern wheel (contd.)

 Pattern wheel provides accuracy and smooth running even

at high speed. But pattern wheel is economical for
producing longer fabrics of simple structure. A pattern
wheel has restricted utility because pattern cannot be
changed to produce some other structure and it is not
interchangeable between machines of different kinds.
Pattern chain link

Collected from https://textilestudycenter.com/fundamentals-warp-knitting/

 Pattern chain link (contd.)

 A pattern chain is constructed by connecting a large

number of individual pattern links and placed over a pattern
drum. The shogging roller moves in contact with this chain
and transfers required motion to the guide bar.
 Each pattern link is equivalent to a curve in the pattern
wheel.
 Pattern chain link (contd.)

 The links have also different heights representing the

amount of guide bar movement in terms of needle spaces,
being numbered 0,1,2,3,4 and upwards.
The chain is prepared by laying the required number of
links side by side on a flat surface and then are joined by
inserting on the holes provided for the purpose.
 Pattern chain link (contd.)

 For smoother movement of the guide bar, the links need

precision grinding at the points where they connect.
As the number and the shape of the pattern links in a
pattern chain can be changed, the pattern range is greater
and the technique is more versatile.
 Pattern chain link (contd.)

 The chain links vary in thickness by multiples of machine

gauge, i.e., on 22 gauge machine by multiples of 1/22
inches. Each link is generally stamped with the gauge and
with a number, e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 etc.
The lowest value link (size 0) will place the guide bar
nearest to the pattern drum.
 Pattern chain link (contd.)

Links of size 1 are 1/22 inch thicker than the links of size 0, and will
position the guide bar 1/22 inch, i.e. one needle space, higher.
Progressively, as the link number increases, guide bar will be
positioned further away from the pattern drum. Thus a link of height 4
will cause the guide bar to take up a position of 4/22 inch (four needle
spaces) further away from the drum than a link of height 0.
 Pattern chain link (contd.)

22 gauge link thickness 32 gauge link thickness

Let, the thickness of Let, the thickness of
size 0 = xʺ
size 0 = xʺ
1 1
So, size 1 = xʺ + ( )ʺ So, size 1 = xʺ + ( )ʺ
22 32
2 2
So, size 2 = xʺ + ( )ʺ So, size 2 = xʺ + ( )ʺ
22 32
3 3
So, size 3 = xʺ + ( )ʺ So, size 3 = xʺ + ( )ʺ
22 32
Factors that determine the structure and appearance of a
warp knitted fabric

The lateral or lapping movements of the guide bars

The number of guide bars used
The order of threading or sequence
The type and count of yarns used
The use of special mechanisms for producing additional effects
The lateral or lapping movements of the guide bars
The lateral or lapping movements of the guide bars
The lateral or lapping movements of the guide bars
 The number of guide bars used

GB1: 1 needle space positive shogging

GB 2: 2 needle space positive shogging GB 3: 3 needle space positive shogging

The number of guide bars used (contd.)
The order of threading or sequence
Type and count of yarn used

The effect or difference in appearance, produced in the fabric

will be related to the amount of twist, the color, and the luster
of the yarns used.
 The use of special mechanisms

The use of a cut presser for producing held stitch, tuck stitch or
figured fabrics.
The use of interrupted let-off mechanisms to produce raised effects.
Knitting cycle of Raschel machine with latch needle
Knitting cycle of Raschel machine with latch needle
Knitting cycle of Raschel machine with latch needle

In figure 1, the needle is at the rest position (its hook is aligned

with the top of trick plate surface). The sinker is in forward
position holding the loops. The guide is in front of both machine
and the needle plane.
In figure 2, the guide provides an underlap shog. Then the needle
reaches the highest position and the loops are cleared to stem.
Latch wire prevents the closing of latch.
Knitting cycle of Raschel machine with latch needle

In figure 3, the sinker goes back. The guide provides a swing

from front to back of the machine.
In figure 4, the guide provides an overlap shog and then a
return swing from back to front of the machine. As a result,
the yarn is wrapped around the needle
 Knitting cycle of Raschel machine with latch needle

In figure 5, the needle starts to go down having the wrapped yarn in

hook. As it goes further down, the loops (in stem) push the latch up to
be closed trapping the wrapped yarn inside the latch.
In figure 6, the needle reaches the lowest position. The loops (that was
in stem) are knocked over the trapped yarn with the help of trick plate
and a new loop is formed. The sinker moves forward again.
Knitting cycle of Raschel machine with latch needle
Knitting cycle of Raschel machine with compound needle
Knitting cycle of Raschel machine with compound needle
Knitting cycle of Raschel machine with compound needle

In figure 1, the needle is at the rest position (the lowest position).

The closer is keeping the hook closed. The sinker is in forward
position holding the loops. The guide is in front of both machine
and the needle plane.
In figure 2, the needle reaches the highest position and the closer
disappears. So, the loops are cleared to stem.
 Knitting cycle of Raschel machine with compound needle

In figure 3, the sinker goes backward. The guide provides a

swing from front to back of the machine.
In figure 4, the guide provides an overlap shog and then a
return swing from back to front of the machine. As a result,
the yarn is wrapped around the needle.
Knitting cycle of Raschel machine with compound needle

In figure 5, the needle starts to go down having the wrapped yarn

in hook. The closer re-appears and starts to close the hook
trapping the wrapped yarn inside the closer. The guide provides
an underlap shog.
In figure 6, the needle reaches the lowest position. The loops
(that was in stem) are knocked over the trapped yarn with the
help of trick plate and a new loop is formed. The sinker moves
forward again.
Knitting cycle of Tricot machine with bearded needle
Knitting cycle of Tricot machine with bearded needle
 Knitting cycle of Tricot machine with bearded needle

In figure 1, The needle is at the rest position (2/3 of its rising

height). The sinker is in forward position holding the loops with
its throat. The presser is at backward position. The guide is in
front of the machine but back of needle plane.
In figure 2, The guide provides a swing from front to back of the
machine. After that, it provides an overlap shog and then another
swing from back to front of the machine. As a result, the yarn is
wrapped around the beard.
 Knitting cycle of Tricot machine with bearded needle

In figure 3, The needle reaches the highest position and the wrapped yarn
is slipped down to stem.
In figure 4, As the needle starts to go down, the wrapped yarn enters
through the opening of the beard. Then the presser comes forward and
closes the beard trapping the wrapped yarn inside it.
 Knitting cycle of Tricot machine with bearded needle

In figure 5, The sinker moves backward, as the needle continues to go down.

Due to the shape of the sinker, the loops are released from it and landed on
the beard. Then the presser starts to go backward.
In figure 6, The needle reaches the lowest position. The loops on the beard
are knocked over the trapped yarn and a new loop is formed. The guide
provides an underlap shog and the sinker moves forward again.
 Features of modern warping machine in warp knitting
Higher productivity – warping speed up to 1200 m/min for filament yarns.
Pressure roller device- to achieve more warp length and higher beam hardness.
Yarn storage device- with 9 m back-winding capacity to allow control of the
last 9 m of warp sheet on the beam
Excellent beam quality through highest beam circumference control
Highly intelligent brake synchronization for exact stop locations. Short braking
distance and exact location of fluffs due to precise braking
Automatic yarn tension regulation.
Quality control through protocol management and beam data saving.
Optimized for ergonomic human operation.
Designed for best cost-benefit ratio.
 Pattern notation

1-0/2-3//
Numbers refer to the positions of the guide
Hyphens (-) refer to the overlaps
Forward slashes (/) refer to the underlaps
Double forward slash (//) refers to the end of
repeat
Pattern notation
Mechanical description of 1-0/2-3//
Pattern notation
Cursive diagram of 1-0/2-3//
Pattern notation
Lapping diagram / Notation diagram of
1-0/2-3//
Pattern notation
Basic overlap and/or underlap variations
 Closed lap
 Open lap
 Laying-in
 Miss-lapping
Basic overlap and/or underlap variations
 Closed lap: When an overlap is followed by an underlap
in the opposite direction.
Basic overlap and/or underlap variations
 Open lap: : When an overlap is followed by an underlap
in the same direction or when there are only overlaps.
Basic overlap and/or underlap variations

 Laying-in: When there are only underlaps.

Basic overlap and/or underlap variations

 Miss-lapping: When there is neither overlap nor

underlap.
Basic stitches in warp knitting
 Pillar stitch/chain stitch
 Tricot stitch
 Cord stitch
 Satin stitch
 Velvet stitch
 Atlas stitch
 Tricot atlas (2 course, 3 course, 4 course, 5 course etc.)
 Cord atlas
 Two needle overlap stitch
 Basic stitches in warp knitting

Pillar stitch / Pillar stitch / Tricot stitch Tricot stitch

Chain stitch Chain stitch (closed) (open)
(closed) (open)
Basic stitches in warp knitting

Cord stitch Satin stitch Velvet stitch

Basic stitches in warp knitting

2 course tricot
atlas stitch
3 course tricot atlas
stitch
5 course tricot atlas stitch
Basic stitches in warp knitting

2 needle
Cord atlas stitch overlap stitch
 Two full set guide bar tricot structures

 The use of two guide bars provides a wider patterning scope

than single bar structures.

 In two bar structures, the yarn to be displayed prominently is

controlled by the Front Guide Bar (FGB).

 The technical face of the structure consists of loops made of

yarn from FGB.

 The technical back of the structure consists of under-laps of the

FGB.
 Two full set guide bar tricot structures (contd.)

 The yarn of BGB is sandwiched in the center.

 For two bar structures, the technical back side is considered

as the “effect side”.

 The quality of the fabric depends on the movements of FGB

for under-lapping.

 The variations in two bar knitted structure can be obtained by

having different magnitudes and directions of movement of
FGB and BGB in relation to each other.
 Some two full set guide bar tricot structures
Type of structure BGB FGB
Full Tricot 1-2/1-0// 1-0/1-2//
Locknit 1-2/1-0// 1-0/2-3//
Reverse Locknit 1-0/2-3// 1-2/1-0//
Sharkskin 4-5/1-0// 1-0/1-2//
1-0/2-3// 0-1/1-0//
Queen’s Cord
1-0/3-4// 0-1/1-0//
1-0/1-2// 3-4/1-0//
Satin
1-0/1-2// 4-5/1-0//
 Full tricot structure

BGB FGB

The technical face side of fabric appears similar to that of

weft knitted single jersey fabric.
 The back side shows diagonal lines.
 The structure is more stable than single bar structure.
 Locknit structure

BGB FGB
The wales on the technical face side of the fabric have vertical loops and
prominent diagonal lines are seen from technical back side.
It is characterized by ladder resistant properties, fuller coverage, and
smoother appearance.
It is generally tightly constructed.
The fabric will have a good elasticity in widthwise direction.
 Reverse locknit structure

BGB FGB

The fabric is rigid with less elasticity than that of a Locknit structure.
It is also heavier.
Suitable for shirting, as it is more stable.
 Sharkskin structure

BGB FGB
The fabric is very rigid and has the maximum shear resistance.
It has similar properties as woven fabrics in terms of stability.
The fabric has better cover and is tight in construction.
It is less lustrous.
 Queen’s cord structure

FGB
BGB

The fabric is rigid and stable.

It has less extensibility than that in Reverse Locknit structure.
These fabrics show considerably low shrinkage in width in finishing.
Suitable for printed goods.
 Queen’s cord structure (contd.)

BGB FGB
The fabric is rigid and stable.
It has less extensibility than that in Reverse Locknit structure.
These fabrics show considerably low shrinkage in width in finishing.
Suitable for printed goods.
 Satin structure

BGB FGB

It has longer floats and these are responsible for higher luster and smoother
feel.
The fabric is elastic and stretchy.
A fleecy finish can be given to this structure by raising the long floats by
brushing.
 Satin structure (contd.)

BGB FGB
It has longer floats and these are responsible for higher luster and smoother feel.
The fabric is elastic and stretchy.
A fleecy finish can be given to this structure by raising the long floats by
brushing.
 What is rack?
 The unit of production in warp knitting is
a “Rack”.
 A rack is 480 courses of knitting.

 The weight of fabric for a particular

length or area is determined from the
weight of the fabric on the basis of a rack.
The length of cloth knitted during one
rack is measured in inches is called the
“Quality”.
 What is runner/run-in?

The length of yarn consumed

in knitting one rack is called a
“runner” or a “run-in”.
What is runner/run-in?

“Run-in” will vary according to the lapping motion

of the guide bar.
 Mathematical problem

A 24G Tricot machine is operated at 2400 courses per minute

on two guide bars. It has the total warp width of 170".
Polyester yarn of 75 D is used both in front and back guide
bar. If the back bar runner is 60", front bar runner is 82" and
each bar contains equal number of yarn, calculate the
production in Kg per shift of the machine.
 A 24G Tricot m/c operating at 2400 CPM has warp width
of 170ʺ. Yarn count is 75D. If BGB runner = 60ʺ and FGB
runner = 82ʺ, calculate production in KG/shift.

Solution:
Number of needles = Number of yarns to be fed
= 24 X 170 = 4080

No. of yarn in Front Guide Bar (FGB)

= No. of yarn in Back Guide Bar (BGB)
= (4080/2) = 2040
 A 24G Tricot m/c operating at 2400 CPM has warp width
of 170ʺ. Yarn count is 75D. If BGB runner = 60ʺ and FGB
runner = 82ʺ, calculate production in KG/shift.

Solution:
Length of yarn supplied by FGB = 2040 X 82ʺ = 167280ʺ
Length of yarn supplied by BGB = 2040 X 60ʺ = 122400ʺ

So, Total yarn length in 1 rack fabric = (167280ʺ+122400ʺ)

= 289680ʺ = 8046.67 yards
 A 24G Tricot m/c operating at 2400 CPM has warp width
of 170ʺ. Yarn count is 75D. If BGB runner = 60ʺ and FGB
runner = 82ʺ, calculate production in KG/shift.

Solution:
8046.67 × 75
So, the mass of 1 rack fabric = = 0.135 lb
840 × 5315
2400 × 60 × 8
Now, the no. of racks produced per shift = = 2400
480
0.135 × 2400
So, the production of the machine per shift =
2.2046
= 146.97 Kg
 Features of Crochet machine
The fabrics produced from crochet machine can be used in sportswear, underwear,
fashionwear, and footwear. The products from crochet machine can also be used in
technical textiles, automotive textiles, and medical textiles.
This machine produces a wide range of elastic and non-elastic simple and complex
narrow fabrics. It also produces a wide range of orthopedic and technical articles,
both elastic and rigid.

Products are:
Body belts, gauzes, rigid and elastic bandages, elastic belts, elastic knee caps, loop
fasteners.
Articles for house cleaning.
Furnishing ribbons.
Passementerie, and pom-pom.
Fringes and clothing fabrics, scarves.
Both elastic and non-elastic nets.
 Features of Crochet machine

 Crochet machines are characterized by their simple construction,

ease of pattern and width changing provision.
The weft inlay bars may either be electronically driven or
mechanically controlled in the traditional manner by chain links or
levers.
The number of weft bars commonly used are 7, 10, 16 and 20.
The working widths of the Crochet machines commonly ranges
between 580 mm and 830 mm. But there are machines with
working width upto 1620 mm.
 Features of Crochet machine
Gauges are expressed both in npi and npcm for crochet machine. Common gauges are
5 10 12 14 15 20 24 n.p.i.
Machines run at speed between 200 and 350 courses per minute or much more on
simpler structures.
Machine can process a range of filament yarns from 20 dtex to 1000 dtex.
A single horizontal needle bar is there.
Needle, used in crochet machine, may either be bearded, or compound, or latch
needle.
 Features of Crochet machine

Instead of sinker, a fixed “hold back bar” is used.

Warp and weft threads are controlled and supplied separately