NIKKI KAREN SUNGA BS CRIMINOLOGY 2A DELILAH
HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
CAMERA OBSCURA
Alhazen (or Ibn al-Haytham) is said to
have actually invented the camera obscura.
A camera obscura is a darkened room with
a small hole or lens at one side through
which an image is projected onto a wall or
table opposite the hole.
Alhazen (or Ibn al-Haytham)
It refers to analogous constructions such as a
box or tent in which an exterior image is
projected inside. It’s been used since the
second half of the 16th century and became
popular as aids for drawing and painting.
The concept was developed further into the
photographic camera in the first half of the
19th century, when camera obscura boxes
were used to expose light-sensitive materials
to the projected image.
INVENTED IN 1021
NIKKI KAREN SUNGA BS CRIMINOLOGY 2A DELILAH
FIRST PORTABLE CAMERA
In 1685, Johann Zahn designed the first
camera that was smaller and more portable
than the original camera obscuras but his
ideas didn’t come to life until the 1800s.
Johann Zahn
By Niépce's time, portable box camera
obscurae suitable for photography were
readily available.The first camera that was
small and portable enough to be practical
for photography was envisioned by Johann
Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost
150 years before such an application was
possible.
INVENTED IN 1685
NIKKI KAREN SUNGA BS CRIMINOLOGY 2A DELILAH
WORLD’S FIRST PHOTOGRAPH
Taken in 1826 or 1827 by Joseph
Nicéphore Niépce, the world's oldest
surviving photograph was captured using
a technique Niépce invented called
heliography, which produces one-of-a-
kind images on metal plates treated with
light-sensitive chemicals.
TAKEN IN 1826
NIKKI KAREN SUNGA BS CRIMINOLOGY 2A DELILAH
DAGUERREOTYPE
The daguerreotype was the first commercially
successful photographic process (1839-1860)
in the history of photography. Named after
the inventor, Louis Jacques Mandé
Daguerre, each daguerreotype is a unique
image on a silvered copper plate. The
daguerreotype is accurate, detailed and sharp.
Louis Jacques Mandé
Daguerre
The daguerreotype is a direct-positive
process, creating a highly detailed image on a
sheet of copper plated with a thin coat of
silver without the use of a negative. The
process required great care. After exposure
to light, the plate was developed over hot
mercury until an image appeared.
CREATED IN 1839
NIKKI KAREN SUNGA BS CRIMINOLOGY 2A DELILAH
WET-COLLODION
PROCESS
Wet-collodion process, also called
collodion process, early photographic
technique invented by Englishman
Frederick Scott Archer in 1851. The
process involved adding a soluble
iodide to a solution of collodion
(cellulose nitrate) and coating a glass
plate with the mixture.
Frederick Scott Archer
The collodion process, mostly
synonymous with the "collodion wet plate
process", requires the photographic
material to be coated, sensitized, exposed
and developed within the span of about
fifteen minutes, necessitating a portable
darkroom for use in the field.
INVENTED IN 1851
NIKKI KAREN SUNGA BS CRIMINOLOGY 2A DELILAH
DRY PLATE PHOTOGRAPHIC
PROCESS
The Gelatin or Dry Plate photographic process
was invented in 1871 by Dr. Richard L
Maddox. This involved the coating of glass
photographic plates with a light sensitive
gelatin emulsion and allowing them to dry
prior to use.
Dr. Richard L Maddox.
It enabled photographers to use
commercial dry plates off the shelf
instead of having to prepare their own
emulsions in a mobile darkroom. Also,
for the first time, cameras could be made
small enough to be hand-held.
INVENTED IN 1871
NIKKI KAREN SUNGA BS CRIMINOLOGY 2A DELILAH
KODAK SELLS FIRST
COMMERCIAL CAMERA
George Eastman invented flexible roll film and in
1888 introduced the Kodak camera shown to use
this film. It took 100-exposure rolls of film that
gave circular images 2 5/8" in diameter. In 1888
the original Kodak sold for $25 loaded with a roll
of film and included a leather carrying case.
George Eastman
The Original Kodak was fitted with a rotating barrel shutter unique
to this model. The shutter was set by pulling up a string on top of
the camera and operated by pushing a button on the side of the
camera. After taking a photograph, a key on top of the camera was
used to wind the film onto the next frame. There is no viewfinder
on the camera; instead two V shaped lines on the top of the camera
leather are intended to aid aiming the camera at the subject. The
barrel shutter proved to be expensive to manufacture and
unreliable in operation. The following year the shutter was replaced
by a simpler sector shutter in the No 1 Kodak.
SELLS IN 1888
NIKKI KAREN SUNGA BS CRIMINOLOGY 2A DELILAH
WWII SHAPES NEW STYLE OF PHOTOGRAPHY 1939
When the Second World War broke out in September 1939,
just one Army photographer, Geoffrey Keating, and one
cameraman, Harry Rignold, accompanied the British
Expeditionary Force to France.
On 24 October 1941, the Army agreed to form a corps of
trained photographers and cameramen. The unit was called
the Army Film and Photographic Unit (AFPU)
Geoffrey Keating
AFPU photographers and cameramen were
recruited from the ranks of the Army. Many had
been press photographers or cameramen in
peacetime. All recruits had to undergo
compulsory training in battle photography at
Pinewood Film Studios. Badges and permits were
issued after attempts to confiscate film by
overzealous British soldiers.
NIKKI KAREN SUNGA BS CRIMINOLOGY 2A DELILAH
POLAROID INTRODUCES FIRST
INSTANT CAMERA
Polaroid founder Edwin Land first demonstrated the
instant camera on February 21, 1947 at a meeting of the
Optical Society of America in New York City.
The Land camera, as it was originally known, contained
a roll of positive paper with a pod of developing
chemicals at the top of each frame. Turning a knob
forced the exposed negative and paper through rollers,
which spread the reagents evenly between the two
layers and pushed it out of the camera. A paper cutter
trimmed the paper and after a minute the layers could be
peeled apart to reveal the black-and-white photo.
Edwin Land
By 1948, the 4 lb. Polaroid Land
Camera Model 95 was on sale at the
Jordan Marsh department store in
Boston for $89.75. It made more than
$5 million in sales in the first year, and
would be the aprototype for Polaroid
cameras for the next 15 years. The 1963
introduction of Polacolor film enabled
the cameras to produce color pictures.
INTRODUCE IN 1948
NIKKI KAREN SUNGA BS CRIMINOLOGY 2A DELILAH
KONICA RELEASES THE
COMPACT CAMERA 1977
The Konica C35 AF was launched by the
Japanese camera maker in 1977, and
became iconic for being the world's first
mass-produced autofocus camera. It was
equipped with the "Visitronic" AF
system that was created and produced
by Honeywell for 35mm cameras.
FIRST PROFESSIONAL DIGITAL
CAMERA 1991
In 1991, Kodak created the first first-ever digital
SLR. The Kodak Digital Camera System (DCS) was
essentially a modified Nikon F3 whose film
chamber and winder were modified to make
room for sensors. The camera had a built-in 1.3-
megapixel Kodak CCD to capture images.
NIKKI KAREN SUNGA BS CRIMINOLOGY 2A DELILAH
FIRST CELL PHONE WITH
CAMERA
The first cell phone with a built-in camera was
manufactured by Samsung and released in South
Korea in June of 2000. The SCH-V200 flipped
open to reveal a 1.5-inch TFT-LCD, and the built-
in digital camera was capable of taking 20 photos
at 350,000-pixel resolution, which is 0.35-
megapixels, but you had to hook it up to a
computer to get your photos. The camera and the
phone components were essentially separate
devices housed in the same body.
There’s a strong argument that the first real
camera phone was produced by Sharp and
released in Japan by J-Phone (now SoftBank
Mobile) in November of 2000. The J-SH04
could take photos, like the one on the right
(from Japanese site Showcase) at 110,000-
pixel resolution or 0.11-megapixels. The
real difference between it and the Samsung
SCH-V200 was the fact that the J-SH04
allowed you to send your photos
electronically. Here’s how the BBC reported
on it back in 2001, the comments are
priceless.
INVENTED IN 2000
