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Lmr-Hematology: Bad Prognostic Factors For ALL

The document provides information on hematology topics including classifications of AML, prognostic factors for ALL, details on thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, DIC, and subtypes of Hodgkin's lymphoma. It also includes information on lymphomas and differences between clotting in the laboratory versus vivo.

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Yuku Baby
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137 views3 pages

Lmr-Hematology: Bad Prognostic Factors For ALL

The document provides information on hematology topics including classifications of AML, prognostic factors for ALL, details on thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, DIC, and subtypes of Hodgkin's lymphoma. It also includes information on lymphomas and differences between clotting in the laboratory versus vivo.

Uploaded by

Yuku Baby
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LMR-HEMATOLOGY

M1 AML without maturation


M2 AML with Maturation Chloroma
M3 Acute promyelocytic leukemia DIC, Auer rods
M4 Myelomonocytic leukemia
M5 Monocytic maturation Gum hypertrophy
M6 Erythroid maturation
M7 Megakaryocytic maturation Downs syndrome

Bad prognostic factors for ALL

1. Age < 2 years >10 years


2. Hypodiploidy
3. t(8;14)
4. t(9;22) Involvement of CNS, mediastinum, testicular involvement

Good prognostic factors:

1. Age 2-10 years


2. Hyperdiploidy
3. t(9;22), t(12;21)
4. CALLA positivity

Beta Thalassemia: Hb synthesis defect. Decreased production of beta globin chain and
increased unpaired production of alpha chains

Mentzner index = MCV/RBC count > 13: Iron deficiency anemia

<13: Thalassemia

Increased HbF production

HbA2 increased indicates thalassemia minor; differentiates from Iron deficiency anemia

Presence of Target cells

Sickle cell Anemia: Go Welcome (mnemonic)

©Aakash EduTech Private Limited | Visit us at pgplus.aakashdigital.com | Contact us: 011-40705055


Glutamate gone, replaced by Valine(Welcome)

DIC

• Increased PT
• Increased APTT
• Increased Fibrin degradation products
• Increased D-dimer
• Increased Bleeding time
• Decreased Fibrinogen

Causes of increased PT and APTT (both) : Heparin treatment

Vitamin k deficiency

Hodgkins lymphoma:

A. Classical Hodgkins lymphoma

1. Nodular Sclerosis : MOST COMMON worldwide

Lacunar variant RS cells and collagen bands

2. Mixed cellularity: MOST COMMON in India

Biphasic incidence

3. Lymphocyte rich

4. Lymphocyte depleted or poor :

worse prognosis

Pleomorphic RS cells and Mummified RS cells

B. Lymphocyte predominant: Popcorn RS cells

Lymphohistiocytic variant

Best prognosis

©Aakash EduTech Private Limited | Visit us at pgplus.aakashdigital.com | Contact us: 011-40705055


CLL/SLL CD5+ CD23+
Mantle cell lymphoma CD5+ CD23-Cyclin D1 positive
t(11;14)
Follicular lymphoma BCL-2
t(14;18)
Diffuse Large B cell CD20, BCL-6
Lymphoma
Burkitts Lymphoma BCL-6 Positive
BCL-2 absent
t(8;14)
Marginal zone lymphoma t(11;18) BCL-10, MALT-1

CLOTTING IN THE LABRORATORY CLOTTING IN VIVO

A B

❑ ❑ ❑

©Aakash EduTech Private Limited | Visit us at pgplus.aakashdigital.com | Contact us: 011-40705055

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