Chapter 1

Introduction

Schools, colleges and universities have no worth without students. Students are most
essential asset for any educational institute. The social and economic development of the country
is directly linked with students’ performance. The students’ performance (academic
achievement) plays an important role in producing the best quality graduates who will become
great leader and manpower for the country thus responsible for the country’s economic and
social development

In the present era of globalization, growing economy and rapid development, the
improvement of quality output and retention rates in higher education are of tremendous
importance for the development of any nation. Higher education is perceived to be of enormous
importance for an individual as it is incumbent for getting good jobs, success, and opportunities
for better living. With the increasing number of educational institutes, there is a need to give
emphasis on imparting specialized knowledge and technical skills to students to increase their
productivity and opportunities for better living which leads towards the economic growth of a
country.

Significance of the Study

This study will provide knowledge to the teachers and administrators in order to assess the
different factors that affect’s each individual student in their academic performances, and the
best way to help them.

It will also provide assessment to the students/respondents on what is the most problem
they are facing right now in this new method of learning.

Lastly, this study will provide information to the Commission on Higher Education about
the needs or sufferings of the students and the areas that needs to improve in order to help them.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the Factors Affecting Academic Performance of High school
students for the school year 2021-2022.

Specifically, the study attempted to seek the answers to the following questions:

1. What is the main problem students suffer these days that affects their performance at school?
2. What is the relationship of online classes with academic performance?
3. What should individual do in order to help each student’s improve their performance?
Scope and Delimitation

This study is focused on the Factors Affecting Academic Performances of High School
Students for the school year 2021-2022.
The research instrument to be used will be a questionnaire to be given to the respondents
to assess their perceptions on the factors that affects their school performances.
The study is limited on only to the High School Students of Benito Soliven Academy
(BSA), Inc. for the School Year 2021-2022.

Theoretical Framework

Education is a key factor for sustainable development. The significance of education,

especially in developing countries, is increasing because of progressing pressure to catch up with
the developed world regarding, for example, global competitiveness. Every student should be
given the opportunity to know their progress or mistakes in their learning process. It is important
to provide feedback regularly to identify their strengths and weaknesses for the scope of
improvement. It will help students to develop skills in their learning environment.

With the advancement in technology and overall growth, there has been a constant dire
need for improving the quality of education. The quality is measured on student learning
outcomes. This is the reason why you come across such important notions like improving
learning outcomes for students. We all know that every child has unique learning experiences.
They feel comfortable learning at their own pace. And it is important for us to understand the
impact of learning outcomes for their future. In today’s world, students are equipped with vast
knowledge about advanced technology.

School education is a very important part in an individual’s life and is also a turning point
in their academic life. At this stage, the academic performance of a student plays a crucial role in
deciding the next stage of their education, which in turn shapes their career. An excess of
academic stress during this stage can result in adverse effects that are far-reaching and
prolonged. In today’s highly competitive world, students face various academic problems
including exam stress, disinterest in attending classes and the inability to understand a subject.
Academic stress involves mental distress regarding anticipated academic challenges or failure or
even the fear of the possibility of academic failure. Academic stressors show themselves in many
aspects in the students’ environment: at home, in their peer relations and even in their
neighbourhood. Excessive levels of academic stress can result in an increased prevalence of
psychological and physical problems like depression, anxiety, nervousness and stress related
disorders, which in turn can affect their academic results.

Recently, online learning has been broadened to support learners’ learning processes.

Attention has been given to academic self-efficacy (ASE) in educational psychology as an
influential factor to enhance academic performance. Student's academic performance may be
influenced by their faculty's attributes as they interact closely with their lecturers in their day-to-
day interactions. The presentation of the module content by the concerned instructor should be
made considering the interests of the students, As the attitude and motivation towards a module
may be influenced by the way in which module content is presented to student.

Mays, greatly emphasized the importance of having qualified teachers in the field of
teaching, and said that success of any program is conditioned by the ability of the teacher to
teach. If there is failure at this point, the whole structure fails. Hence, the implementation,
selection, preparation, and supervision of education will be affected. Moreover, Dayad
mentioned that good teachers are constantly on the alert for methods and instructional materials
that will make learning meaningful. With the wise selection and use of a variety of instructional
materials or audio-visual materials, experiences may be provided to develop understanding.

More so, learners will benefit because they become independent and responsible
attending to their individual tasks with minimal supervision. As teachers raise their level of trust
to their students, the value of independence among the students will manifest in their lives. Their
proficiency and competency will grow. The students’ writing skills will also be honed through
the language tasks provided in the modules. The use of the modules in the classroom will arm
them with the necessary skills to express them better.

Teaching is the most dynamic process in the life of a teacher, and learning is likewise the
most dynamic process in the life of the students. How these two processes are implemented to
produce a balanced and good result for both the teacher and the learner have been the framework
for this study.

Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
I. Personal-related factors
 Age
 Gender
 Place of residence
 Parent’s Educational
Attainment Factors Affecting Academic
II. Teacher-related factors Performance

 Highest Educational
Attainment
 Number of years in
Teaching

Operational Definition of Terms

To provide a clearer understanding of the study, the following terms were defined as they were
used in the study.

Academic Performance. The extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their
short or long-term educational goals.

Age. Is the number of years someone has been alive or existed.

Gender. Is defined as a personal conception of oneself as male or female

Place of residence. The place or abode where a person actually lives.

Parent’s Educational Attainment. The highest grade level completed by parents from elementary
to professional school.

Highest Educational Attainment. It is the highest grade or year completed in school or university.

Number of years in teaching. The average number of years in teaching.

Salary. A fixed amount of money or compensation paid to an employee by an employer in return

for work performed.

Assumptions

This study was anchored of the following assumptions:

1. The respondent perceptions on The Factors that affects each student in their Academic
Performance.

2. The Factors Affecting Academic Performance of High School students can be measured.

3. The data gathering instruments used are valid and reliable.

Hypothesis

Based on the research problem this hypothesis was formulated. There is a significant
relationship between the external factors that affect the academic performance of the SHS
students and each of the following variables.

1. Personal- Related Factors 2. Teacher- Related Factors

a. Age a. Highest Educational Attainment

b. Sex b. Number of years in Teaching

c. Parents Educational Attainment c. Salary

Methodology
This section includes research design, population of the study, instruments and data gathering
procedures.
Research Design. This study used the descriptive-survey method in gathering the needed
data. The perceptions were used to describe The Factors Affecting Academic Performance of
High school students. The survey method involved in the gathering of data through
questionnaires assessing the respondent’s profile in terms of the personal-related factors like age,
sex, place of residence and parents educational attainment. In terms of teacher-related factors
like Highest Educational Attainment, number of years in Teaching and salary a questionnaire
was also answered by the High school students on the Factors affecting academic performance.

Population. This study was conducted in Benito Soliven Academy (BSA), Inc. utilizing
30 High school students. Total enumeration was used. The population is presented in Table 1.
 Table 1

Distribution of the respondents of the Study

Respondents Students
High school students 30

Data Gathering Instruments. There are two sets of questionnaire used in this study. It
consists of two parts. Part I is the respondents personal data which includes the age, sex, place of
residence and parents educational attainment and on the independent variable are the Students
Related Factors and Teacher Related Factors. Part II measures the respondent’s perceptions on
The Factors Affecting Academic Performance of High school students.

Data Gathering Procedure. Before floating the questionnaire, the researcher made a
request letter to the subject teacher. The researcher coordinated with the teacher before the
conduct of the test.

Statistical Treatment of Data. The data were collated and organized and subjected to
statistical analysis to answer the objectives of the study. The data gathering tools used in this
study were the following:

The frequency count and percentages, to describe the respondent’s profile.