FIG

UR
ES
Group 2

(10 Sapphire)

Khrystynn Balingata Joana Mari Manahan

Kristina Colleen Macasakit Marielle Roque

Lyca Tarona Jayvee Vasquez

Lyka Halili Mickhael Angello Navarro

Daniel Reyes Jessie De Guzman

Trixcee Ballebas

Mrs. Mary Rose Mallari

Teacher
 Table
of
Content
I. Guide Card…………..
1
II. Activity
Card……..............7
III. Assessment
Card………...11
IV. Enrichment
Card………..12
V. Answer
Card…………...13
 VI. Reference
Card…………16

Guide
Figure of Speech
Card
A figure of speech is a literary device in which language is used in an unusual—or "figured"—way in
order to produce a stylistic effect.

Some additional key details about figures of speech:

 The ancient Greeks and Romans exhaustively listed, defined, and categorized figures of
speech in order to better understand how to effectively use language. The names of most
figures of speech derive from the original Greek or Latin.
 Figures of speech that play with the literal meaning of words are called tropes, while figures
of speech that play with the order or pattern of words are called schemes.
 Figures of speech can take many forms. A figure of speech can involve a single word, a
phrase, an omission of a word or phrase, a repetition of words or sounds, or specific
sentence structures.

Figures of Speech vs. Figurative Language

There's a lot of confusion about the difference between the terms "figures of speech" and
"figurative language." Most of the confusion stems from the fact that different people often use
 "figurative language" to mean slightly different things. The two most common (and most
acceptable) definitions of figurative language are:

 Figurative language refers to any language that contains figures of speech. According to
this definition, figurative language and figures of speech are not quite the same thing,
but it's pretty darn close. The only difference is that figures of speech refer to each
specific type of a figure of speech, while figurative language refers more generally to any
language that contains any kind of figures of speech.
 Figurative language refers to words or expressions that have non-literal meanings: This
definition associates figurative language only with the category of figures of speech
called tropes (which are figures of speech that play with the literal meaning of words).
So according to this definition, figurative language would be any language that contains
tropes, but not language that contains the figures of speech called schemes.

Figures of Speech, Tropes, and Schemes

The oldest and still most common way to organize figures of speech is to split them into two main
groups: tropes and schemes.

 Tropes are figures of speech that involve a deviation from the expected and literal meaning
of words.
 Schemes are figures of speech that involve a deviation from the typical mechanics of a
sentence, such as the order, pattern, or arrangement of words.

Tropes

Generally, a trope uses comparison, association, or wordplay to play with the literal meaning of
words or to layer another meaning on top of a word's literal meaning. Some of the most commonly
used tropes are Simile, Metaphor, Hyperbole, Personification and Irony.

1. Simile: A simile, like a metaphor, makes a comparison between two unrelated things. However,
instead of stating that one thing is another thing (as in metaphor), a simile states that one thing is
like another thing. To stick with cats and dogs, an example of a simile would be to say "they fought
like cats and dogs."

Some other examples of Simile are:

 You were as brave as a lion.

 They fought like cats and dogs.
 He is as funny as a barrel of monkeys.
 This house is as clean as a whistle.
 He is as strong as an ox.
 Your explanation is as clear as mud.
 Watching the show was like watching grass grow.
 That is as easy as shooting fish in a barrel.
 This contract is as solid as the ground we stand on.
  That guy is as nutty as a fruitcake.

simile uses the words "like" or "as" to draw a comparison

2. Metaphor: A metaphor is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unrelated
things by stating that one thing is another thing, even though this isn't literally true. For example, if
someone says "it's raining cats and dogs," this obviously doesn't literally mean what it says—it's a
metaphor that makes a comparison between the weight of "cats and dogs" and heavy rain.
Metaphors are tropes because their effect relies not on the mechanics of the sentence, but rather on
the association created by the use of the phrase "cats and dogs" in a non-literal manner.

Some other examples of Metaphor are:

 Fishing - It is not used to mean that the person is actually fishing.

Meaning: it is an expression which is used to signify that the person is looking for something
that is difficult to obtain.
 Success is a sense of achievement, it is not an illegitimate child!
Meaning: The saying is used to reinforce the age-old belief that everyone wants to take
credit for something that became a success, either by fluke or by conscious effort. On the
other hand, no matter how much effort or creativity may have gone into an enterprise, the
moment it is considered a failure, no one wants to take responsibility for it, much like an
abandoned infant.
 Time is a thief.

Meaning: Time isn't really stealing anything, this metaphor just indicates that time passes quickly
and our lives pass us by.

 He is the apple of my eye.

Meaning: There is, of course, no real apple in a person's eye. The "apple" is someone
beloved and held dear.
 Everyone wants to be successful, no one wants to be a failure?”
Meaning: That statement would be a failure itself, in inspiring interest in the conversation.

A metaphor simply states the comparison without using "like" or "as".

3. Hyperbole: A hyperbole is an intentional exaggeration of the truth, used to emphasize the

importance of something or to create a comic effect. An example of a hyperbole is to say that a
backpack "weighs a ton." No backpack literally weighs a ton, but to say "my backpack weighs ten
pounds" doesn't effectively communicate how burdensome a heavy backpack feels. Once again, this
is a trope because its effect comes from understanding that the words mean something different
from what they literally say.

Some other examples of Hyperbole are:

 I’m so hungry I could eat a horse.

 This example of hyperbole exaggerates the condition of hunger to emphasize that the
subject of this sentence is, in fact, very hungry. But this person has no intention of literally
eating a horse but is trying to figuratively communicate his hunger using a hyperbole for
effect
 I’m dying of laughter.
The subject is not literally dying but is using hyperbole to figuratively communicate how
hard he is laughing.
 This package weighs a ton.
The package does not literally weigh a ton. This sentence uses hyperbole to exaggerate the
weight of the very heavy package.
 I haven’t seen Jamien in ages.
Ages have not literally past since the subject has seen Jamien. The subject is figuratively
stating that he hasn’t seen Jamien in a very long time.

A hyperbole is an overstatement that exaggerates a particular condition for emphasis.

4. Personification is a type of figurative language in which non-human things are described as

having human attributes, as in the sentence, "The rain poured down on the wedding guests,
indifferent to their plans." Describing the rain as "indifferent" is an example of personification,
because rain can't be "indifferent," nor can it feel any other human emotion. However, saying that
the rain feels indifferent poetically emphasizes the cruel timing of the rain. Personification can help
writers to create more vivid descriptions, to make readers see the world in new ways, and to more
powerfully capture the human experience of the world (since people really do often interpret the
non-human entities of the world as having human traits).

Some other examples of Personification are:

 The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky.

 Opportunity was knocking at her door.
 At precisely 6:30 am my alarm clock sprang in to life.
 The tornado ran through town without a care.
 Time creeps up on you.
 The hare laughed at the tortoise.
 The tsunami raced towards the coastline.
 The sun smiled and chased away the angry clouds.
 The pencil danced across the paper.
 The moon smiled upon the river.

A personification attributes to human characteristics to something that is not human.

5. Irony is a literary device or event in which how things seem to be is in fact very different from
how they actually are. If this seems like a loose definition, don't worry—it is. Irony is a broad term
that encompasses three different types of irony, each with their own specific definition: verbal
irony, dramatic irony, and situational irony. Most of the time when people use the word irony,
they're actually referring to one of these specific types of irony.
Some examples of Irony are:

 The doctor is as kind hearted as a wolf.

 He took a much-needed vacation, backpacking in the mountains. Unfortunately, he came
back dead tired.
 His friend’s hand was as soft as a rock.
 The desert was as cool as a bed of burning coals.
 The student was given ‘excellent’ on getting zero in the exam.
 The roasted chicken was as tender as a leather boot.
 He was in such a harried state that he drove the entire way at 20 miles per hour.
 He enjoyed his job about as much as a root canal.
 My friend’s kids get along like cats and dogs.
 Their new boss was as civilized as a shark

In irony, the intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words.

C. Activity Card
A. Multiple Choice

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is not true about figure of speech?

a. A figure of speech can involve a single word.

b. A figure of speech is an omission of a word or phrase.

c. A figure of speech is a repetition of words or sounds.

d. A Figure of speech is only single in form.

2. The two main groups of a figure of speech are:

a. Strope and Schemes

b. Tropes and Schemes

c. Stripe and Schemes

d. Tripes and Schemes

3. Figures of speech that involve a deviation from the expected and literal meaning of
words.

a. Strope

b. Tropes

c. Stipe

d. SChemes

4. Figures of speech that involve a deviation from the typical mechanics of a sentence, such
as the order, pattern, or arrangement of words.

a. Strope

b. Tropes

c. Stipe

d. SChemes

5. Like a metaphor, makes a comparison between two unrelated things.

a. Simile

b. Personification

c. Irony

d. Hyperbole

6. A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unrelated things by stating that
one thing is another thing, even though this isn't literally true.

a. Simile

b. Metaphor

c. Irony

d. Hyperbole
7. It is an intentional exaggeration of the truth, used to emphasize the importance of
something or to create a comic effect.

a. Simile

b. Metaphor

c. Personification

d. Hyperbole

8. It is a type of figure of speech in which non-human things are described as having human
attributes.

a. Metaphor

b. Irony

c. Personification

d. Hyperbole

9. It is a type of figure of speech in which things seem to be is in fact very different from
how they actually are.

a. Metaphor

b. Irony

c. Personification

d. Hyperbole

10. Verbal, dramatic and situational are the example types of which figure of speech?

a. Metaphor

b. Irony

c. Personification

d. Hyperbole

B. True or False

Tell whether the statement is true or false.

1. The names of most figures of speech derive from the original Greek or Latin.

2. A Figure of speech is only single in form.

3. Figurative language and figures of speech are not quite the same thing, but it's pretty
darn close.

4. The only difference between the two is that figures of speech refer more generally to any
language that contains any kind of figures of speech. While figurative language refers to
each specific type of a figure of speech.

5. Figurative language refers to words or expressions that have literal meanings.

6. A trope uses comparison, association, or wordplay to play with the literal meaning of
words.

7. A simile states that one thing is like another thing.

8. A metaphor simply states the comparison also using "like" or "as".

9. A hyperbole is an overstatement that exaggerates a particular condition for emphasis.

10. A personification attributes to human characteristics to something that is not human.

C. Identification

Identify the correct answer.

1-2. Figures of speech that play with the literal meaning of words are called_______, while
figures of speech that play with the order or pattern of words are called________.

3. __________refers to any language that contains figures of speech.

4. "They fought like cats and dogs." is an example of ________.

5. "It's raining cats and dogs," is an example of _________.

6. "A backpack weighs a ton." is an example of _________.

7. "The rain poured down on the wedding guests, indifferent to their plans." is an example
of __________.

8. The intended meaning of a/an ________ is different from the actual meaning of the words.

9-10. Simile, metaphor, Irony, _________ and __________ are the examples of tropes.
 C. Assessment Card
Underline the subject being personified and encircle the human trait assigned to the subject.

1. The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky.

2. While making my way to my car, it smiled at me mischievously.

3. The run-down house appeared depressed.

4. The car, painted lime green, raced by screaming for attention.

5. The first rays of morning tiptoed through the meadow.

6. The butterflies in the meadow seemed to two-step with one another.

7. She did not realize that opportunity was knocking at her door.

8. The waffle jumped up out of the toaster.

9. He did not realize that his last chance was walking out the door.

10. The popcorn leapt out of the bowl.

 D. Enrichment Card
Tell whether the sentence is a simile, metaphor, personification, irony or hyperbole.

1. You were as brave as a lion.

2. Opportunity was knocking at her door.

3. The student was given ‘excellent’ on getting zero in the exam.

4. He drowned in a sea of grief.

5. I’m dying of laughter.

6. The tornado ran through town without a care.

7. This package weighs a ton.

8. He took a much-needed vacation, backpacking in the mountains. Unfortunately, he came

back dead tired.

9. That guy is as nutty as a fruitcake.

10. I am so thirsty that my throat is as dry as a bone.

Answer
I. Activity Card

A. Multiple Choice
Card
1. d

2. a

3. b

4. d

5. a

6. b

7. d

8. c

9. b

10. b
B. True or False

1. True

2. False

3. True

4. False

5. False

6. True

7. True

8. False

9. True

10. True

C. Identification

1. Tropes

2. Schemes

3. Figurative language

4. Simile

5. Metaphor

6. Hyperbole

7. Irony

8. Hyperbole

9-10. Personification and hyperbole

II. Assessment Card

The human trait assigned to the subject is in bold here. The subject being personified is
underlined.

1. The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky.

2. While making my way to my car, it smiled at me mischievously.
3. The run-down house appeared depressed.
4. The car, painted lime green, raced by screaming for attention.
5. The first rays of morning tiptoed through the meadow.
6. The butterflies in the meadow seemed to two-step with one another.
7. She did not realize that opportunity was knocking at her door.
8. The waffle jumped up out of the toaster.
9. He did not realize that his last chance was walking out the door.
10. The popcorn leapt out of the bowl.

III. Enrichment card

1. Simile

2. Personification

3. Irony

4. Metaphor

5. Hyperbole

6. Personification

7. Hyperbole

8. Irony

9. Simile

10. Simile
 Reference Card

https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/figure-of-speech

https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/irony

https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/personification

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-similes.html

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/metaphor-examples.html

https://writingexplained.org/grammar-dictionary/hyperbole