Annex A:
MODULE # _04__ GRADING PERIOD: __Midterm_ Google Classroom Code: yr67jji
SUBJECT Applications Development and Emerging Technologies
OBJECTIVES Period
At the end of this module, students should be able to: Covered/Duration:
1. Be familiarized with the background info of the Android platform. (Week #, Hours)
2. Comprehend the procedure of setting up Android Studio.
3. Write their first code in Android Studio. Week 1, 3 hours
EXPECTED OUTPUT: Measurement and
1. Analysis/question and answer. Evaluation:
TOPICS Introduction to Android, Setting Up Development Environment,
First Android App
DISCUSSION
WHAT IS ANDROID?
What is Android?
Android is an operating system and programming
platform developed by Google for mobile phones
and other mobile devices, such as tablets. It can run
on many different devices from many different
manufacturers. Android includes a software
development kit (SDK) that helps you write original
code and assemble software modules to create apps
for Android users. Android also provides a
marketplace to distribute apps. All together, Android represents an ecosystem for mobile apps. Android for
mobile phones.
Why develop apps for Android?
Developers create apps for a variety of reasons. They may need to address business requirements or build new
services or businesses, or they may want to offer games and other types of content for users. Developers choose
to develop for Android in order to reach the majority of mobile device users.
Most popular platform for mobile apps
As the world's most popular mobile platform, Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile devices in more
than 190 countries around the world. It has the largest installed base of any mobile platform and is still growing
fast. Every day another million users power up their Android-powered devices for the first time and start looking
for apps, games, and other digital content. Popular apps on Android
Best experience for app users
Android provides a touchscreen user interface (UI) for interacting with apps. Android's UI is mainly based on
direct manipulation. People use touch gestures such as swiping, tapping, and pinching to manipulate on-screen
objects. In addition to the keyboard, there's a customizable on-screen keyboard for text input. Android can also
support game controllers and full-size physical keyboards connected by Bluetooth or USB.
It's easy to develop apps
To develop apps that take advantage of the Android operating system and UI, use the Android software
development kit (SDK). The SDK includes software libraries of prewritten code, a debugger, a device emulator,
documentation, sample code, and tutorials. Use the SDK to create apps that look great and take advantage of the
hardware capabilities available on each Android-powered device.
To develop apps using the SDK, you use the Java programming language to develop the app and Extensible
Markup Language (XML) files to describe data resources. By writing the code in Java and creating a single app
binary, you create an app that can run on both phone and tablet form factors. You can declare your UI in
lightweight sets of XML resources. For example, create one set for parts of the UI that are common to all form
factors, and other sets for features specific to phones or tablets. At runtime, Android applies the correct resource
sets based on the device's screen size, screen density, locale, and
so on.
To help you develop your apps efficiently, Google offers an
integrated development environment (IDE) called Android Studio.
It offers advanced features for developing, debugging, and
packaging Android apps. Using Android Studio, you can develop
for any Android-powered device, or create virtual devices that
emulate any hardware configuration.
The diagram at the right the major components of the Android
stack—the operating system and development architecture.
In the figure from the right:
Apps: Your apps live at this level, along with core system apps for
email, SMS messaging, calendars, internet browsing, and contacts.
Java API framework: All features for Android development, such as UI components, resource management, and
lifecycle management, are available through application programming interfaces (APIs). You don't need to know
the details of how the APIs work. You only need to learn how to use them.
Libraries and Android runtime: Each app runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Android runtime.
Android includes a set of core runtime libraries that provide most of the functionality of the Java programming
language. Many core Android system components and services are built from native code that require native
libraries written in C and C++. These native libraries are available to apps through the Java API framework.
Hardware abstraction layer (HAL): This layer provides standard interfaces that expose device hardware
capabilities to the higher-level Java API framework. The HAL consists of multiple library modules, each of which
implements an interface for a specific type of hardware component, such as the camera or Bluetooth module.
Linux kernel: The foundation of the Android platform is the Linux kernel. The layers above the Linux kernel rely
on the Linux kernel for threading, low-level memory management, and other underlying functionality. Using a
Linux kernel enables Android to take advantage of Linux-based security features and allows device manufacturers
to develop hardware drivers for a well-known kernel.
BUILDING YOUR FIRST APP
First, be sure you download the latest version of Android Studio: https://developer.android.com/studio
This section describes how to build a simple Android app. First, you learn how to create a "Hello, World!" project
with Android Studio and run it. Then, you create a new interface for the app that takes user input and switches to
a new screen in the app to display it.
Apps provide multiple entry points
Android apps are built as a combination of components that can be invoked individually. For example, an activity
is a type of app component that provides a user interface (UI).
The "main" activity starts when the user taps your app's icon. You can also direct the user to an activity from
elsewhere, such as from a notification or even from a different app.
Other components, such as WorkManager, allow your app to perform background tasks without a UI.
Create an Android Project
This lesson shows you how to create a new Android project with Android Studio, and it describes some of the files
in the project.
To create your new Android project, follow these steps:
1. Install the latest version of Android Studio.
2. In the Welcome to Android Studio window, click Create New Project.
If you have a project already opened, select File > New > New Project.
3. In the Select a Project Template window, select Empty Activity and click Next.
4. In the Configure your project window, complete the following:
● Enter "My First App" in the Name field.
● Enter "com.example.myfirstapp" in the Package name field.
● If you'd like to place the project in a different folder, change its Save location.
● Select either Java or Kotlin from the Language drop-down menu.
● Select the lowest version of Android you want your app to support in the Minimum SDK field.
Note: The Help me choose link opens the Android Platform/API Version Distribution dialog. This dialog provides
information about the various versions of Android that are distributed among devices. The key tradeoff to
consider is the percentage of Android devices you want to support versus the amount of work to maintain your
app on each of the different versions that those devices run on. For example, if you choose to make your app
compatible with many different versions of Android, you increase the effort that's required to maintain
compatibility between the oldest and newest versions.
● If your app will require legacy library support, mark the Use legacy android.support libraries checkbox.
● Leave the other options as they are.
5. Click Finish.
After some processing time, the Android Studio main window appears.
Now take a moment to review the most important files.
First, be sure the Project window is open (select View > Tool Windows > Project) and the Android view is selected
from the drop-down list at the top of that window. You can then see the following files:
app > java > com.example.myfirstapp > MainActivity
This is the main activity. It's the entry point for your app. When you build and run your app, the system launches
an instance of this Activity and loads its layout.
app > res > layout > activity_main.xml
This XML file defines the layout for the activity's user interface (UI). It contains a TextView element with the text
"Hello, World!"
app > manifests > AndroidManifest.xml
The manifest file describes the fundamental characteristics of the app and defines each of its components.
Gradle Scripts > build.gradle
There are two files with this name: one for the project, "Project: My_First_App," and one for the app module,
"Module: My_First_App.app." Each module has its own build.gradle file, but this project currently has just one
module. Use each module's build.gradle file to control how the Gradle plugin builds your app.
Run Your App
Set up your device as follows:
1. Connect your device to your development machine with a USB cable. If you developed on Windows, you
might need to install the appropriate USB driver for your device.
2. Perform the following steps to enable USB debugging in the Developer options window:
a. Open the Settings app.
b. If your device uses Android v8.0 or higher, select System. Otherwise, proceed to the next step.
c. Scroll to the bottom and select About phone.
d. Scroll to the bottom and tap Build number seven times.
e. Return to the previous screen, scroll to the bottom, and tap Developer options.
f. In the Developer options window, scroll down to find and enable USB debugging.
Run the app on your device as follows:
1. In Android Studio, select your app from the run/debug configurations drop-down menu in the toolbar.
2. In the toolbar, select the device that you want to run your app on from the target device drop-down
menu.
1. Click Run .
Android Studio installs your app on your connected device and starts it. You now see "Hello, World!" displayed in
the app on your device.
Run on an emulator
Run the app on an emulator as follows:
1. In Android Studio, create an Android Virtual Device (AVD) that the emulator can use to install and run
your app.
2. In the toolbar, select your app from the run/debug configurations drop-
down menu.
3. From the target device drop-down menu, select the AVD that you want
to run your app on.
Target device drop-down menu.
Figure 2. Target device drop-down menu
4. Click Run .
Android Studio installs the app on the AVD and starts the emulator. You now see
"Hello, World!" displayed in the app.
REFERENCES/LINKS How to install android studio on windows 10:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucZpKZpp9Yk
LEARNING ACTIVITY
1. What is the Google Android SDK?
2. Describe the Android Framework.
3. What is the purpose of the Gradle Build System?
4. What happens in the Hardware Abstraction level?
5. What happens at the Linux Kernel level?
Subject Teacher Erwin S. Mapa E-mail Address: vspardason@gmail.com
Contact Number 09288448249 FB Name: Ervin Karte
Date of
School Registrar Sarah Irika B. Gardiola
Submission:
