The Roles of a Social Worker
Enabler:
In the enabler role, a social worker helps a client become capable of coping with situations or
transitional stress. A social worker conveys hope, reducing resistance and ambivalence,
recognizing and managing feelings, identifying and supporting personal strengths and social
assets, breaking down problems into parts that can be solved more readily, and maintaining a
focus on goals and the means of achieving them (Barker, 1995).
Mediator:
The mediator role involves resolving arguments or conflicts micro, mezzo, or macro systems. At
the macro level, the mediator helps various subsystems within a community, or a community and
some other system, work out their differences. At the micro and mezzo levels, mediation is helps
in such areas as resolving divorce and child custody cases. A mediator remains neutral and does
not side with either party in the dispute (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman, 1997).
Integrator/Coordinator:
Integration is the process of bringing together various parts to form a unified whole.
Coordination involves bringing components together in some kind of organized manner. A
generalist social worker can function as an integrator/coordinator "in my ways, ranging from . . .
advocacy and identification of coordination opportunities, to provision of technical assistance, to
direct involvement in the development and implementations of service linkages" (Yessian and
Broskowski, 1983, p. 184).
Manager:
Management in social work involves having some level of administrative responsibility for a
social agency or other unit "to determine organizational goals'. . . acquire resources and allocate
them to carry out programs; coordinate activities toward the achievement of selected goals; and
monitor, assess, and make necessary changes in processes and structure to improve effectiveness
and efficiency" (Barker, 1995, p.8).
Educator:
The educator role involves giving information and teaching skills to clients and other systems. To
be an effective educator, the worker must first be knowledgeable. Additionally, the worker must
be a good communicator so that information is conveyed clearly and is understood by the client
or macro system (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman, 1997).
Analyst/Evaluator:
Social workers with a broad knowledge base of how various systems function can analyze or
evaluate how well programs and systems work. They can also evaluate the effectiveness of their
own interventions (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman, 1997).
Broker:
A broker helps link clients (individuals, groups, organizations, or communities) with community
resources and services. A broker also helps put "various segments of the community in touch
with one another "to enhance their mutual interests (Barker, 1995, p.43). In micro and mezzo
systems, this requires that the worker be familiar with community services, have general
knowledge about eligibility requirements, and be sensitive to client needs. A broker may help a
client obtain emergency food or housing, legal aid, or other needed resources. (Zastrow and
Kirst-Ashman, 1997).
Facilitator:
A facilitator is "one who serves as a leader for some group experience" (Barker, 1995, p. 129).
The group may be a family therapy group, a task group, a sensitivity group, an educational
group, a self-help group, or a group with some other focus. The facilitator role may also apply to
macro practice. In this context, a facilitator assumes "the responsibility to expedite the change
effort by bringing together people and lines of communication, channeling their activities and
resources, and providing them with access to expertise" (p. 129).
Negotiator:
A negotiator represents an organization, a group, or an individual that is trying to gain something
from another group or system. Somewhat like mediation, negotiation involves finding a middle
ground that all sides can lived with and achieving consensus whenever possible. However, unlike
mediators, who play a neutral role, negotiators clearly ally themselves with one of the sides
involved (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman, 1997).
Advocate:
Advocacy involves “the act of directly representing a course of action on behalf on one or more
individuals, groups, or communities, with the goal of securing or retaining social justice”
(Mickelson, 1995, p. 95). The advocate role involves stepping forward and speaking on behalf of
the client system. The advocate role is one of the most important roles a generalist social worker
can assume, despite its potential difficulties (Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman, 1997).
