DINGLASAN, Joyce Belle S.

MT4A

Comprehensive Exam #2 Rationalization: Parasitology

1. Which of the following malarial parasites has the d. Heterophyds

longest sexual cycle? Paragonimus westermani maturity happens outside
a. Plasmodium ovale the human body or in the external environment.
b. Plasmodium malariae Eggs are only laid when adult penetration happens.
c. Plasmodium falciparum
d. Plasmodium vivax 6. An egg which is practically spherical in shape, has
Plasmodium vivax sexual cycle last for 6-8 days. two membranes, two hair-like processes and three
Plasmodium ovale sexual cycle last for 5 days. pairs of hooklets belongs to:
Plasmodium falciparum sexual cycle last for 5- 7 a. Rallietina garrisoni
days. b. Hymenolepis diminuta
c. Hymenolepis nana
2. Harada-Mori technique is for: d. Dipylidium caninum
a. Concentration of eggs in feces R. garrisoni eggs are spindle-shaped, H. diminuta
b. Staining blood smears has fried egg appearance, and D.caninum has
c. Culture of feces to obtain hookworm larvae delicate hooklets.
d. Staining of protozoal cysts
Blood smear, egg concentration and protozoal cysts 7. Which ova possess a minute lateral knob?
staining are not the principles of Harada-Mori. a. Schistosoma mekongi
b. Schistosoma japonicum
3. The formalin-ethyl sedimentation concentration c. Schistosoma haematobium
technique is recommended for routine use primarily d. Schistosoma mansoni
because it: Schistosoma mekongi has an inconspicuous spine.
I- Preserves most parasites Schistosoma haematobium has a non-operculated
II- Recovers protozoa light yellowish brown with distinct terminal spine.
III- Safer than formalin-ether Schistosoma mansoni has a prominent lateral spine.
sedimentation method
a. I and II 8. The female parasites may be larviparous
b. II and III I - Capillaria philippinensis
c. I and III II - Trichinella spiralis
d. III only III - Trichuris trichiura
e. All of the options a. III only
Formalin-ethyl sedimentation concentration b. I and II
technique Is so versatile because it can be used to c. II and III
most parasites and is safe to use. d. All of the options
e. I and III
4. Which of the following trematode egg is Trichuris trichiura is oviparous.
operculated?
a. Schistosoma haematobium 9. Eggs are thin-shelled with an internal four to eight
b. Diphyllobothrium latum cell stage
c. Schistosoma japonicum a. Giardia lamblia
d. Haplorchis taichu b. Ascaris lumbricoides
Diphyllobothrium latum egg is a cestode with c. Enterobius vermicularis
operculated egg. Schistosoma japonicum and d. Hookworm
Schistosoma haematobium are trematodes but their Ascaris lumbricoides eggs are classified into
eggs are non-operculated. fertilized and unfertilized ova. Enterobius
vermicularis eggs are asymmetric and is D-shaped.
5. The eggs of the following trematodes are fully Also, ova are elongated with thick hyaline layer and
mature when laid, EXCEPT: lipoidal layer. Giardia lamblia cysts are ovoidal with
a. Clonorchis double wall and it contains 2-4 nuclei.
b. Paragonimus
c. Schistosomes
10. Encystation of protozoa occurs in what organ of the Entamoeba gingivalis is an amoeba that can ingest
human host? WBC, Acanthamoeba species causative agent of
a. Liver GAE, and Entamoeba histolytica causes acute
b. Lymphatic symptomatic amoebiasis.
c. Small intestine
d. Large intestine 15. These two flukes; Fasciola hepatica and
Small intestine, liver, and lymphatic aren’t parts of Fasciolopsis buski share the following common
the life cycle of the ameobas. features, but not:
a. Release operculated ova
11. From the following nematodes and major b. Metacercaria is the infective stage
identifying characteristics listed, select the species c. Branched intestinal ceca
whose major characteristics are not described d. Dendritic testes
properly Fasciolopsis buski has simple but wavy intestinal
a. Trichuris trichiura, pinworm, threadlike, ceca compared to Fasciola hepatica that has
white, posterior end pointed branched or dendritic intestinal ceca.
b. Ascaris lumbricoides, giant intestinal
roundworm, has fine striations, anterior end 16. Which flagellate possesses a characteristic kite-like,
has three lips, posterior end is curved falling leaf, sucking disk and pear-shaped front
c. Toxocara canis, roundworm of dog, parasite view?
does not mature in human intestine a. Entamoeba histolytica
d. Necator americanus, new world hookworm, b. Trichomonas vaginalis
one pair semilunar cutting plate, no caudal c. Balantidium coli
spine d. Giardia lamblia
The common name of Trichuris trichiura is Balantidium coli and Entamoeba histolytica doesn’t
whipworm not pinworm. Pinworm is the common possess flagellates, and Trichomonas vaginalis have
name of Enterobius vermicularis. Trichuris trichiura jerky or tumbling motion.
is flesh colored or pinkish worms and its posterior
end is thick and fleshy which contains intestine and 17. The most important part of the tapeworm body, non-
reproductive organs. recovery of which means treatment is not successful
a. Gravid proglottids
12. Larvae of the following intestinal nematodes, b. Scolex
migrates to the lungs in their life cycle, except: c. Mature segments
a. Whipworm d. Neck
b. New world hookworm Scolex is the head of the tapeworm and it is utilized
c. Threadworm for attachment. Non-recovery of scolex could mean
d. Giant intestinal roundworm that the parasite attached to the other body parts and
T. trichiura after ingested goes to the large intestine migration of the pathogen is still active.
and lays its eggs in the rectum.
18. Microscopic examination of fresh watery stool
13. Which of the following helminths eggs maybe reveals rapidly moving protozoa with ingested red
found in urine? blood cells:
a. Paragonimus westermani a. Entamoeba histolytica
b. Necator americanus b. Entamoeba gingivalis
c. Schistosoma haematobium c. Entamoeba hatmani
d. Trichomonas vaginalis d. Entamoeba coli
Paragonimus westermani is found in sputum or Entamoeba gingivalis ingest only WBC. Entamoeba
stool. Necator americanus is found in the stool. coli ingests bacteria and food particles. Entamoeba
Trichomonas vaginalis is found in vaginal secretion hartmanni does not ingest RBC.

14. A free-living amoeba that causes primary amoebic 19. The movement of Entamoeba histolytica cyst
meningoencephalitis is: maybe defines as:
a. Naegleria fowleri a. Falling leaf
b. Acanthamoeba species b. Sluggish
c. Entamoeba gingivalis c. Directional
d. Entamoeba histolytica d. No movement observed
 E. nana and E.coli have sluggish movement, G. c. Taenia saginata
lamblia has falling leaf movement and B. coli has d. Hymenolepis nana
directional movement. Diphyllobotrium latum has rosette arrangement of
uterus. Taenia solium has only 5-14 lateral
20. Provided with embryonic sheath and two caudal branches. Hymenolepis nana has a succular uterus.
nuclei
a. Wuchereria bancrofti 25. In malaria, mosquitoes are considered as:
b. Onchocerca volvulus a. Definitive host
c. Loa loa b. Reservoir host
d. Brugia malayi c. Intermediate host
Loa loa is also sheathed but the nuclei is continuous d. Vector
with those of the trunk. Onchocerca volvulus is The vector of malaria are mosquitos specifically
unsheathed and the anterior and posterior end are Anopheles spp. Intermediate host of malaria is man.
nuclei free. Wuchereria bancrofti is sheathed but the Reservoir host is not mentioned.
nuclei were distinct and arranged in 22-3 rows.
26. Larva of which parasite maybe seen in sputum of an
21. Quadrate-shaped scolex without hooklets belongs infected individual?
to: a. Ascaris lumbricoides
a. Hymenolepis nana b. Necator americanus
b. Taenia saginata c. Trichinella spiralis
c. Taenia solium d. Paragonimus westermani
d. Dipylidium caninum T. spiralis and N. americanus are seen inside the
Dipylidium caninum has rhomboidal, 4 suckers and small intestine, and P. westermani eggs are seen in
a refractile conical rostellum, Hymenolepis nana has the sputum and not larva.
six hooklets embryo and polar filaments, and Taenia
saginata has an oval, translucent cyst filled with a 27. Thick blood smear taken at night shows microfilaria
clear fluid which contains an opaque invaginated with well-developed sheaths. Identity is:
protoscolex. a. Onchocerca volvulus
b. Loa loa
22. Hemoflagellate that produces Kala-azar c. Wuchereria bancrofti
a. Leishmania d. Mansonella perstans
b. Isospora Loa loa has caudal nuclei, Mansonella perstans and
c. Trichinella Onchocerca volvulus are unsheathed.
d. Trypanosoma
Isospora causes parasitical infection called, 28. Which of the following is not a fixative or
Trypanosoma causes Chaga’s, West African preservative used for detection of parasites in stool
sleeping sickness, and East African sleeping specimens?
diseases, and Trichinella causes infection in the a. PVA
rectum. b. MIF
c. Buffered glycerol
23. The best direct diagnosis of Echinococcus d. Formalin
granulosus infection in human is made by Formalin, PVA, MIF are fixatives or preservatives
identification of: used for parasitic detection using stool specimens.
a. Adult worm in the intestine
b. Hydatid cyst in tissues 29. Which of the following fluke eggs is small,
c. Eggs in feces embryonated, operculated, and is shape like an old-
d. Adult worms in tissue fashioned electric bulb?
Hydatid cysts grows slowly which causes symptoms a. Fasciolopsis buski
to rise. Also, hydatid cyst contains fluid that is toxic b. Paragonimus westermani
into the human body. c. Schistosoma haematobium
d. Clonorchis sinensis
24. Stool specimen contains tapeworm segment, uterus Fasciolopsis buski has operculated, immature
of which has more than 15 lateral branches. ellipsoidal and is rounded at both ends,
Diagnosis is: Paragonimus westermani has round anterior and
a. Taenia solium slightly tapers posteriorly, and Schistosoma
b. Diphyllobothrium latum
 haematobium has an elongated, non-operculated, Trypanosoma rhodesiense causes East African
light yellowish brown with distinct terminal spine. sleeping sickness, and Trypanosoma gambiense
causes West African Sleeping disease.
30. Where does the asexual life cycle of malarial
parasites usually occur? 36. Each of the following statements concerning
a. Ticks Trichomonas vaginalis is correct except:
b. Man a. Can be treated effectively with metronidazole
c. Mosquitoes b. It can be diagnosed by visualizing the
d. Flies trophozoites
Mosquitos are the definitive Host; flies and ticks c. It is transmitted sexually
aren’t related to malaria. d. Causes bloody diarrhea
Trichomonas vaginalis is transmitted sexually. This
31. Many parasites have different stages of growth can be diagnosed by visualization of trophozoites.
within different hosts. The host where the sexual Metronidazole can be used as treatment.
reproductive stage of the parasite exist is called the:
a. Paratenic host 37. With a fecal specimen, which of the following is the
b. Natural host most dependable procedure for the accurate,
c. Intermediate host specific diagnosis of an intestinal amoebic
d. Definitive host infection?
The definitive host harbors the adult or sexual stage a. Iodine saline mount
of the parasite b. Direct saline mount
c. Permanently stained smear
32. The flukes and tapeworms parasitic in man belong d. Formalin-ether concentration technique
to phylum: Permanently stained smear is the most dependable
a. Nematoda because smears with stain is used to visualized the
b. Protozoa pathogen and to identify the bacteria properly.
c. Arthropoda
d. Platyhelminthes 38. A tapeworm having a small, pumpkin-seed
Protozoa are unicellular protoplasm, Nematoda are segments with genital pore on each margin is:
roundworms, and Arthropoda are insects. a. Taenia solium
b. Taenia saginata
33. Cysticercosis is a disease in man caused by which c. Dipylidium caninum
of the following parasites? d. Hymenolepis nana
a. Taenia solium T. solium and T. saginata have longer than broad
b. Schistosoma japonicum gravid segments.
c. Echinococcus granulosus
d. Taenia saginata 39. How does Schistosoma cercariae enter the human
Echinococcus granulosus causes Hydatid disease, body?
Taenia saginata causes Taeniasis saginata or Beef a. By eating contaminated vegetables and fish
tapeworm infection and Schistosoma japonicum b. By skin penetration
causes Katayama’s disease c. By eating raw snail
d. By blood transfusion
34. The following parasites causes pathology of the By eating contaminated vegetables and fish is the
lungs, EXCEPT: possible MOT of Capillaria philippinensis. By
a. Giant intestinal roundworm eating raw snail is the MOT of Angiostrongylus
b. Hookworm cantonensis. By blood transfusion is the possible
c. Threadworm MOT of Toxoplasma gondii.
d. Whipworm
Whipworm only affects the large intestine and the 40. Which of the following forms of Toxoplasma gondii
rectum after ingestion. are produced in infected humans?
a. Oocysts
35. What is the cause of American Trypanosomiasis? b. Bradyzoites
a. Trypanosoma cruzi c. Schizonts
b. Trypanosoma gambiense d. Macrogametes
c. Trypanosoma rhodesiense Oocysts matures in the soil, and Schizonts happen
d. Trypanosoma brucei in the RBC.
41. Mature egg of an adult tapeworm usually Which of the following diseases would probably be
accumulates in what area? least affected by that kind of precaution?
a. Neck a. Filariasis
b. Mature proglottids b. Giardiasis
c. Gravid proglottids c. Amoebiasis
d. Scolex d. Ascariasis
Neck is the region of growth. Mature proglottids Giardiasis is due to consumption of contaminated
uterus does not contain eggs. Scolex is an accessory water, food or hands with infective cysts.
structure that will help in the attachment. Amoebiasis is caused by ingestion of food or water
with mature cyst.
42. Which of the following tapeworms has centrally Ascariasis is due to poor sanitation.
located rosette-shaped uterus? Filariasis is the least affected because this disease is
a. Diphyllobothrium latum caused by a vector that carries the infective stage of
b. Dipylidium caninum the parasite.
c. Spirometra mansoni
d. Hymenolepis nana 47. Which of the following amoeba has a cyst with only
Hymenolepis nana has a succular uterus that is filled one nucleus when fully mature?
with eggs. Dipylidium caninum has a pumpkin a. Endolimax nana
seed-shaped gravid segment. Spirometra mansoni b. Entamoeba gingivalis
has a piling of uterus coils. c. Iodamoeba butschlii
d. Entamoeba coli
43. Which of the following is typical in cysts of Endolimax nana contains 1-4 nuclei. Entamoeba
Iodamoeba butschlii? coli has 1-8 nuclei. Entamoeba gingivalis has no
a. Four nuclei with karyosome cystic stage.
b. Blunt chromatoidal bar
c. Many ingested bacteria 48. In malaria, the form of plasmodia that is transmitted
d. A glycogen mass from human to mosquito is the:
E. coli ingests bacteria and contains blunt a. Hypnozoite
chromatoidal bar. E. nana has 4 nuclei with b. Gametocyte
karyosome. c. Merozoite
d. Sporozoite
44. Which of the following amoeba is known in the Hypnozoite happens in the exo-exrythrocytic.
trophic stage only? Merozoite happens in the pre-erythrocytic phase.
a. Entomoeba coli Sporozoite happens in the sexual phase
b. Endolimax nana
c. Entamoeba gingivalis 49. Formerly called Oxyuria vermicularis
d. Entamoeba histolytica a. Threadworm
Entamoeba histolytica, Entomoeba coli and b. Pinworm
Endolimax nana all have both trophozoite and cystic c. Whipworm
stage. d. Hookworm
Whipworm’s is also known as Trichuris trichuria.
45. One of the differential characteristics of the Hookworm have multiple species such as Necator
microfilariae is: americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancylostoma
a. Presence or absence of a hexacanth embryo caninum, and Ancylostoma braziliense.
b. Presence or absence of dorsal curvature and Threadworm is also known as Strongyloides
posterior end stercoralis
c. Presence or absence of sheath
d. Number of somatic nuclei 50. Which of the following species does not lay eggs in
L. loa, B. malayi and W. bancrofti are sheathed. O. the intestinal canal?
volvulus, M perstants, M ozzardi and M. streptocera a. Pinworm
are unsheathed. b. Whipworm
c. Threadworm
46. Decontamination of drinking water, fruits and d. Hookworm
vegetables before consumption is necessary in Whipworm, hookworm and threadworm lay eggs in
countries without well-developed public sanitation. the intestinal canal. Pinworm lay eggs in the anal
area, outside the intestines and the body.