KIBABII UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK

DIPLOMA IN CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE

OKUMU FAITH

DCR/0575/18

REPORT ON

FIELD ATTACHMENT

WITH THE

BUNGOMA WEST PROBATION OFFICE

From 30th September to 15th November, 2019.

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DECLARATION
This attachment report is my original work and has not been presented to any University for

Examination marking purposes.

Student Name: OKUMU FAITH

Registration Number: DCR/0575/18

Signature: …………………………Date: ………………………………

DECLARATION BY THE ATTACHMENT SUPERVISOR

This attachment report has been submitted for examination with the approval of the supervisor.

Supervisor Name…………………….

Signature: ………………………Date: ……………………………………..

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DEDICATION
This attachment report is purposely dedicated to my family, my colleagues from other

universities who were also attached at the probation office for the unending support they gave

me during the course of my attachment. Not forgetting my supervisor for encouragement and

guidance.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all the people who helped and supported me

throughout.

Last but not least my grateful appreciation also goes to other probation officers for their support

whenever I encountered a challenge when executing tasks beyond my capability. The help and

cooperation extended by the staff is fully acknowledged. I thoroughly enjoyed my entire training

program and would like to thank everyone at Probation office for their guidance and support.

I would like also to extend my sincere gratitude to my parents for their immense support they

have been giving me to ensure I succeed in my high level of education.

To crown it all, my great and immense gratitude goes to our Almighty God for making it all

possible. Glory is to you Oh God.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.
Criminology and criminal justice is one of the courses that are booming up rapidly. The course

has three major fields among others where a student can be attached. This includes courts, police

and prisons and private security sectors. In my selection. I got a chance to be attached at

probation and aftercare services which is under the ministry of interior and coordination of

national government but purely performs criminal justice activities and is very close to the

judiciary, it also cooperates with police, prison and the children department. For me to get the

chance in sirisia sub county probation services, I applied through the Human resource of the sub-

county probation and aftercare services. On the official letter I attached the letter from

department of criminology in Kibabii University, my insurance cover and my certificate of good

conduct from the Directorate of criminal investigations. Conditions agreed upon during the

attachment period were working time that is arriving Probation and aftercare services were

arriving at the station 8:00 am and departing at 5:00pm from Monday to Friday. The main

responsibilities and tasks differed from attending court sessions, writing both pre-sentence and

pre-bail reports, conducting social inquiries in respect of the offenders that is petty offenders and

serious crime offenders such as murder and robberies amongst others.

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Table of Contents

DECLARATION..............................................................................................................................i

DEDICATION................................................................................................................................ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................................................................iii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................iv

CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1

1.0: Introduction..........................................................................................................................1

CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................3

2.0: Introduction To The Institution.............................................................................................3

2.1. Brief history of Probation and Aftercare Services................................................................3

2.3 Vision.....................................................................................................................................5

2.4 Mission Statement..................................................................................................................5

2.4 Organization core values........................................................................................................5

2.5 Strategic Aim.........................................................................................................................6

2.6 Organization’s employees......................................................................................................6

2.7: Special regulations governing both interns and staffs..........................................................6

2.8: Sector Of Probation And Aftercare Services........................................................................7

2.9.2 Beneficiaries of my attachment...........................................................................................8

CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................................................11

DESCRIPTION OF ATTACHMENT...........................................................................................11

3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................11

3.1Weekly Timetable.................................................................................................................11

CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................................................18

IMPACT OF INTERNSHIP..........................................................................................................18

4..1Social conditions..................................................................................................................18

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4..2 Evaluation of the assigned tasks.........................................................................................18

CHAPTER FIVE...........................................................................................................................20

CHALLENGES, SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION.......................20

5.1 Challenges encountered.......................................................................................................20

5.2 Summary..............................................................................................................................20

5.3 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................21

REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................22

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0: Introduction
The industrial attachment training is an essential component of the curriculum of the Kibabii

University for Criminology and criminal justice, Department of Criminology and Social Work.

The attachment period is usually a minimum of eight weeks and a maximum of twelve weeks,

during which the students are expected to acquire additional practical experience to supplement,

their course of study in the university. They are also exposed to the real world of professionalism

and its challenges which will prepare them towards their future careers options.

It should be supervised by a supervisor at the place of attachment and accessed by lecturers from

the faculty who visit the students during this period and at the end of the program to ascertain the

success of the program and the amount of seriousness students attached to.

I started my attachment on 30th September and the program ran till 15th November.

In this very report, it summarizes everything I did during the attachment period for a period of

eight weeks. The report starts with preliminary pages that carries with them the

acknowledgement, declaration, dedication and the executive summary. Following is the

introduction chapter. The second chapter explains all about the office probation in terms of

history, structure.

Chapter three gives the weekly timetable that illustrates all activities I performed while in

probation and aftercare services. Chapter four follows and it forms the body of my report. It

comprises of social conditions, evaluation of the assigned tasks and individual work

performance, implication of the future studies and career planning, comparison of goals

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expectations with actual experience and projected outcomes. Chapter five is the second last part

of the report. It comprises of challenges, summary, conclusion and recommendations.

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CHAPTER TWO
2.0: Introduction To The Institution
Kenya has a population of about 40 million and a prison population of over 54,000 which may be

construed that the justice system is skewed to favor custodial punishment. Measures to address

this scenario include various community corrections sentences. The practice of ‘probation’ as a

sentencing and or correctional disposition is a response to classical and medieval management of

crime and deviance which put more emphasis on Punitive sanctions as opposed to rehabilitative

and reformative measures. It is also responsive to human right acclaim to the methods best suited

to the management of errant population. The main attributes of community corrections methods

are the humane features, rehabilitative attributes and penal decongestion outcomes. Probation has

continued to be core in the criminal justice system in Kenya for over six decades.

2.1. Brief history of Probation and Aftercare Services.

The history of probation services in Kenya dates back to 1943 when a series of commissions

appointed by the colonial government recommended its establishment. Notable among these was

the Peterson Commission. Probation services in Kenya today owes its origins from Britain when

the probation ordinance was passed in 1943. Its actual commencement in Kenya was in 1946. In

its formative stages, it was confined to Nairobi and predominantly dealt with juveniles and

women offender; administratively, the department has over the years been under different

ministries. Now it is in the Ministry of Interior and coordination of National Government. The

services of the department have grown and expanded tremendously over the years to the initial

coverage of the capital Nairobi. The department has a presence all over the country at all court

stations owing to this growth and expansion, more Government programs have been added to its

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operation The services are delivered through the headquarters in Nairobi, provinces, districts,

division, courts, penal institutions and communities. Probation officers rehabilitate those given

community sentences and those received from penal institutions. They also enforce the

conditions of court orders and also generate pre-sentence reports to courts for effective and fair

sentencing of offenders.

2.2 Organization Structure

NATIONAL LEVEL

DIRECTOR

DEPUTY DIRECTOR SENIOR ASSISTANT DIRECTORS ASSISTANT DIRECTORS

SENIOR PROBATION CHIEF PROBATION PRINCIPAL PROBATION

OFFICERS OFFICERS OFFICERS

PROBATION OFFICER 1
PROBATION OFFICER 2 CLERICAL OFFICERS

SECRETARY SENIOR SUPPORT

STAFF.
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SUB-COUNTY PROBATION STRUCTURE

PROBATION OFFICER IN-CHARGE

DEPUTY PROBATION OFFICER IN-CHARGE

PROBATION OFFICERS CLERICAL OFFICERS SUPERVISOR SENIOR

SUPPORT STAFF

THE CONTRACTED GUARD

2.3 Vision
A just, safe, crime free society

2.4 Mission Statement

To Promote and enhance the administration of justice, community safety and public protection

through provision of social inquiry reports, supervision and reintegration of non-custodial

offenders, victim support and social crime prevention.

2.4 Organization core values

 Integrity

 Professionalism

 Qualified and trained staff

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 Skills and motivation

 Team spirit

 Openness

 Humility

2.5 Strategic Aim

To ensure offenders comply and successfully complete their sentences and avoid further

offending

•To ensure that they repay the community for the harm or damage they have caused

•To provide the offenders with the opportunity to change and redirect their lives more

purposefully and contribute towards social economic development

•To work towards reconciliation between the victims, the community and the offenders

•To promote safer communities, build public confidence in the non-

Custodial sentences

•To provide excellent leadership to the staff, ensure that they are motivated,

Developed and supported to effectively discharge their duties and towards this end work closely

with Kenya National Association of Probation officers

•To provide high quality and effective services which give the public value for money

2.6 Organization’s employees

There were ten employees, they included, the sub county probation officer, the other seven

probation officers, the clerical officer and the store keeper.

2.7: Special regulations governing both interns and staffs.

In Probation Offices, there are some set of regulations and measures concerning both interns and

staffs. They include the following;

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All staffs and interns should be in official wear from Monday to Thursday and in a decent casual

wear on friendly.

One should fair to all clients without discrimination

Time conscious, reporting at the station at 8:00 am and leaving at 5:00 pm.

Respect to all staffs, clients and all other visitors in the station.

All interns and staffs should always use official language and national language while at work.

The intern is not necessarily entitled to a job at the conclusion of the internship.

The employer and the intern understand that the intern is not entitled to wages for the time spent

in the internship.

The intern does not displace regular employees but works under supervision of existing staff.

2.8: Sector Of Probation And Aftercare Services.

In Kenya the probation department has the legal mandate to carry out the following tasks;

1.To conduct social inquiries and provide reports to courts and other penal review boards which

include; pre-sentence report for assessing offender suitability for a specific sentence disposal and

also carries appropriate remedial actions necessary to forestall re-offending; A pre-Release report

where the probation officer has to provide the holding authority with information regarding the

home conditions of the inmate and this involves gathering basic offender information,

interviewing the offender at his/her home, place of work, victims of the offence, community

members and any relevant institution, Assessing aggravating circumstances, compiling the report

and submitting it to courts and other penal institutions and currently the probation officers are

involved in generation of pre-bail reports for purposes of bond terms.

2. Supervision of non-custodial court orders under relevant Act which involves discussing

the order with the offender, drawing individual treatment plan providing regular progress reports

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and this brings on board the services of the volunteer probation officers in turn protecting the

community.

3. Rehabilitation and Re-integration of offenders: in this case the probation officer carries out

offender needs assessment to enable the development of a plan that attends to the specific needs

of the offender achieved through guidance and counselling and also may refer to other

rehabilitation agencies and also the officer is required to provide regular progress reports on post

release offender like the Ex-Borstal, Ex-prisoners and special category criminals and their final

settlement back to the community.

4. Providing temporary accommodations and empowerment for needy deserving offenders

which include paying school fees for those schools going, placing them in boys and girls hostels

where some pursue formal schooling while others undertake vocational training and providing

them with tools i.e. tailoring, barber, hair dresser, computer skills hence cautioning the young

offenders from hostile home conditions.

5. Crime Prevention .In this case probation officers engage the community including parents,

teacher’s students in addressing the factors that drive individuals towards offending in which

case the probation officers have to come up with specific social models of crime reduction within

their area of jurisdiction addressing issues revolving on drugs and substance misuse and support

for awareness on gender based violence and its reduction.

2.9.2 Beneficiaries of my attachment.

The beneficiaries of my attachment were majorly myself, clients and probation service officers.

My benefits during the attachment

In the process of my attachment period I was attached to various tasks, they included attending

court sessions, interviewing offenders from both the court and police cells, writing presentence

and pre-bail reports,appliying for vacancies for the juvenile offenders in borstal institutions,

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conducting social inquiry in respect of the offenders by interviewing the assistant chief and chief,

Going for field trips to check on offenders under probation and supervising community orders

services(C.S.O) Programs.

 I leant how to interview both offender and complainants pertaining the crime (for cases

that had direct complainants).

 I learnt how to conduct social inquiries from the community by the help of chiefs and

assistant chiefs in respect of the offenders.

 I learnt how to record cases referred for probation officer’s reports from the court files

 I learnt how the pleas are registered and which categories of offenders are suitable for a

probation officers report.

 I learnt how to write both pre-sentence and pre-bail reports

 I learnt how to write an order for community service orders(CSO)

 I familiarized with court processes ranging from prosecution, sentencing, hearings,

mentions, plea-taking, production orders and registry (traffic, civil and criminal

registries).

 I learnt how to assess C.S.Os programs in public institutions such as schools, hospitals,

chief and other government institutions.

The second category to benefit from my attachment were clients. They benefited in some of the

following ways;

 I served them with efficiency

 I explained to them what they did not understand, for example what it means to be placed

under probation, community service orders, suspended sentences ,be released on a bail

and pre-sentence reports.

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 I interpreted for the clients who did not understand how to read Kiswahili and English.

 I guided and showed directions and explained the probation processes to those who did

not understand them, especially the old and the illiterate members of the community.

 I conducted social inquiry by establishing rapport especially with the offenders so that

they could give a complete account of had had transpired and advised the court

accordingly.

The third category that benefited from my attachment period were the probation officers staff.

They benefited by the following ways;

 I provided enough man power that ensured all tasks were conducted smoothly.

 I served as a process server by the virtue of being young

 I assisted in reducing congestions and backlogging of presentence and pre-bail reports.

 I helped my supervisor in advising the court whether an offender was suitable for a non-

custodial sentence or otherwise based on the social inquiry we collected from the

offender, complainants and the chiefs and also by reviewing previous criminal records.

 I took part in supervising various task assigned to offenders released under community

service orders.

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CHAPTER THREE

DESCRIPTION OF ATTACHMENT
3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes all what I did while attached at the Bungoma west probation services and

aftercare services for a period of twelve weeks. During the attachment period I was attached to

various duties. This chapter also gives whole description of the work station which for this case

is Bungoma west probation services and aftercare services. Description of the work station is

given in terms of, employees, major responsibilities and tasks among many others.

3.1Weekly Timetable.
Week one progress.

DAY DESCRIPTION OF WORK DONE

MONDAY I was introduced to the other probation staff and underwent orientation of the activities of the

probation and aftercare services, was also introduced to the court staff

TUESDAY I was taken through by the probation officer, the programmes and the services offered in the

probation of which explored more of what the programmes entails.

WEDNESDAY I was introduced to the other probation staff and underwent orientation of the activities of the

probation and aftercare services, was also introduced to the court staff

Was shown the previous reports on the probation archive, these were presentence reports,

social inquiries-bail reports, files of juveniles in borstal institutions and the offenders who are

under probation ,including those that have not completed their probation sentences as well as

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those that have completed the probation period.

THURSDAY Trained on how to write presentence reports-bail reports, conducting social

inquiry ,interviewing of the offenders in the police cells and those in the court cell,

accompanied my supervisor while he was interviewing complainants in cases such as

theft,bulglary ,assault etc.

FRIDAY Interviewing offenders and complainants, attending court during plea-taking and noting

down cases referred for probation officers report, either pre-sentence & pre-bail reports.

WEEK TWO PROGRESS

DAY DESCRIPTION OF WORK DONE

MONDAY Attended court session during plea-taking, Interviewing both offenders and

complainants, Wrote four presentence report and one pre-bail report.

TUESDAY Presenting both pre-sentence and pre-bail reports in court. Interviewed two

complainants (theft cases).Interviewed offenders who were in remand. Attending

court sessions

FRIDAY Writing presentence reports

Attending court sessions during plea-taking and recording cases referred for

probation officer’s report

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WEEK THREE PROGRESS CHART.

DAY DESCRIPTION OF WORK DONE

MONDAY Writing presentence reports, Interviewing offenders and complainants

Attending court during plea-taking and recording down cases referred for probation

officer’s report, Interviewed chiefs through phone calls during social inquiries.

TUESDAY Presenting presentence reports in court, Preparing community service orders

Interacted with two ex-borstal remandees who had come to report.

WEDNESDAY Interviewed offenders who were caught in stealing

Interviewed with offenders who were arrested of dealing with alcoholic drinks without a

license. Attended court session during plea-taking.

THURSDAY Presenting presentence reports in court

Later on attended court during plea-taking and noted down cases referred for probation

officer’s report.

Took community service orders to police station to release offenders placed under

community service orders.

FRIDAY Presented presentence reports in court, Attended court session during plea-taking and

recorded cases referred for probation officer’s report

Went to the cells to release offenders released under community service orders.

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WEEK FOUR PROGRESS CHART

DAY DESCRIPTION OF WORK DONE

MONDAY Presenting pre-sentence reports in court

Attending court sessions during plea-taking and recording down cases referred for

probation officer’s report, Interviewing offenders and complainants

TUESDAY Presenting presentence reports in court

Preparing community service orders for the offenders to be placed community service

orders

After the magistrate signs in the C.S.O orders I went to the cells to release the offenders.

WEDNESDAY Attending court, during plea-taking to note don cases referred for probation officer’s

reports.

Interviewed a complainant whose Miraa had been stolen by an offender in remand, she

stated that she had forgiven him

FRIDAY Presenting presentence report and released three offenders on community service orders,

Interviewed offenders in the police and court cells who had committed various crimes and

their cases referred for probation officers report.

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WEEK FIVE PROGRESS CHART.

DAY DESCRIPTION OF WORK DONE

MONDAY interviewing of offenders and complainants of complainants in various cases

Presenting presentence cases in court and releasing some offenders on CSO, conditional

discharge and others custodial sentences based on the social inquiries and past criminal

records.

TUESDAY Writing presentence reports on various cases referred for probation officer’s report, Interview

with offenders of various cases referred for probation officer’s report

.conducting social inquiries in respect of the offenders by summoning their relatives, chiefs

and assistant chiefs.

WEDNESDAY Attended court during plea taking since there were no POR requested by the court the

previous day.

THURSDAY I attended a community serv ices ordered program meeting that composed all the

stakeholders in the criminal justice system.

FRIDAY Attended court during plea-taking to note down cases referred for probation officer’s report.

Interviewed offenders whose cases had been referred for probation officer’s report, Presented

two presentence report, the offenders were considered for custodial sentence due to the

previous criminal records of Miraa stealing.

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WEEK SIX PROGRESS CHART.

DAY DESCRIPTION OF WORK DONE

MONDAY Presenting presentence reports in court, released two offenders under the community service

order,.

Presented one pre-bail report to court and released one offender who had obtained money by

false presentence to sell his shamba to the complainant.

TUESDAY Interviewing offenders from both the court and police custody.

Interviewed one complainant whose Miraa had been stolen by the accused in police custody

WEDNESDA Attended court during plea-taking and recorded cases referred for probation office.

Y Interviewed offenders in the court custody.

Interviewed a complainant of an assault causing actual bodily harm (A.C.A.B.H) and the

accused was in custody.

THURSDAY The court only handled civil cases that day, no presentence and pre-bail reports that were

presented before the court.

FRIDAY Presenting presentence reports in court for various cases

Presented pre-bail report for an offender who was charged with stealing stock contrary to

section 278 of the penal code.

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WEEK SEVEN PROGRESS CHART.

DAY DESCRIPTION OF WORK DONE

MONDAY Presented two presentence reports and released the two accused under community service

order.

Interviewed offenders after attending a court session during plea-taking.

TUESDAY Interviewed other offenders after attending a court session during plea-taking.

WEDNESDAY I wrote the warrant of arrests and also notes of the court room sessions. Conducted social

inquiries in respect of the offenders in police custody and in remands

Interviewed complainant of various cases especially assault and stealing

THURSDAY I wrote the warrant of arrests and also notes of the court room sessions. Conducted social

inquiries in respect of the offenders in police custody and in remands

FRIDAY I attended to community service offers who had come to report. I supervised who were

doing community service at the probation office.

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CHAPTER FOUR

IMPACT OF INTERNSHIP.
The core business of the attachment period was to gain experience and skills in various fields.

Having been attached to probation, I gained a vast of experience, skills and qualifications.

4..1Social conditions
Being a local resident in the area, I understood the social aspects of the clients, their culture, the

mother tongue, social beliefs, political and religious aspects, I served them better that the other

employees who were not locals and could not handle clients who did not understand Swahili or

English. The mentoring situation was good since I interacted with all the officers and asked

questions where necessary.

4..2 Evaluation of the assigned tasks

On daily basis I was assigned tasks just like the fellow probation officers, after attending court

during plea-taking, we divided the tasks equally, for example if there ten presentence report, we

divide equally, went to the cells to interview the offenders and called chiefs to collect more

information of the accused. I accompanied my supervisor every time to present reports before the

court.

:Implication on future career planning

My attachment with the probation department greatly mentored my career choice in future, since

we worked with the police and even the directorate of criminal investigations through the court. I

would wish to join the Directorate of criminal investigations in future.

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Comparison of goals expectations with actual experience

My expectations were met, the experience I got was worthy of the goals of the attachment, my

goal was to understand the operations of the criminal justice system fully of which I did during

my attachment with the probation department.

Projected outcomes.

From the experiences and challenges I faced while at Bungoma west probation headquarters, it

provided a baseline of understanding my career as a criminologist. With the challenges

encountered during the attachment, I can derive some projects based on the observations during

the attachment, for example;

 The poor conditions in the remands facility.

 Corruption in the criminal justice system.

 Need for forensic criminologists in Kenyan Criminal justice system.

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CHAPTER FIVE

CHALLENGES, SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATION.
5.1 Challenges encountered
The whole of my attachment period, I encountered various challenges. They include the

following;

 Corruption in the courts and the police cells

 Fewer staff at the probation office

 Financial constraints

 Uncooperative clients and lazy court officials who sometimes delayed cases

 The prison department and the police stations delayed in ferrying offenders bringing them

to court, hence delayed reports and interviews.

5.2 Summary.
During the eleven weeks at the department, I gained a handful of experience. I understood the

penal code and practically exercised .I was able to appreciate the operation of the criminal justice

system, its linkage to other stakeholders and the role of various stakeholders in despension of

justice.

I interacted with all kinds of clients, illiterate and literate, I observed that most of the Kenyans do

not understand how the CJS works, their rights during court proceedings.

I learnt and understood all about probation and aftercare services, its major role in the

community and how it helps lives of many Kenyans positively, instead of being in jail, they are

released on community service orders and works for the benefits of the community and the

country as a whole.

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During the quantification of the CSO of programs, we had many offenders working under the

CSO program, we quantified their labor during the annual CSO program meeting, they save the

institutions a lot of money if they had to be paid for their labor.

5.3 Conclusion.
In conclusion being attached at this station, was a great exposure to my career. I acquired a

handful of experience that is relevant to my course, understanding how the criminal justice

operates, familiarizing with the penal code as taught in criminal law and practically engaging in

the criminal justice system.

As I conclude also I would like to thank the management for giving me the precious opportunity

to be attached in the organization. The attachment added immense value to my career choices, I

actively interacted with the three major criminal justice stakeholders and hence had a chance to

experience and make an informed choice in future.

Lastly criminologists can work in any of the three criminal justice system, the court under which

the probation department operates, the police and the correctional services. I would advise other

students to be attached in the probation department since it directly interacts with all the criminal

justice system. For example with the police, probation officers goes to police station to interview

offenders who the courts refers for either pre-bail or pre-sentence reports. With the corrections

service, probation department is involved in decongestion activities in prisons each year. With

the courts, probation operates under the directive of the court.

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REFERENCES
www.probation.go.ke.

The Kenya National Association of Probation Officers (KNAPO) Newsletter.

The Kenya Constitution-penal code chapter 64.

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