state prison in New York, the site of the first

execution by electric
Institutional Corrections chair in 1890. It uses the silent or congregate
system.
Definition Of Terms:
Banishment - a punishment originating in
ancient times, that requiredoffenders to leave
Alcatraz - a US federal penitentiary, Often the community and live elsewhere, commonly
referred to as "The Rock", in the wilderness.

the small island of alcatraz was developed with

facilities for a lighthouse,
BJMP - (Bureau of Jail Management and
a military fortification, a military prison (1868), Penology) government agency mandated by law
and a federal prison (RA 6975) to take operational and
administrative control over all city, district and
from 1933 until 1963. municipal jails. It takes custody of detainees
accused before a court who are temporarily
confined in such jails while undergoing
Alexander Maconochie - was a Scottish naval investigation, waiting final judgement and those
officer, geographer, and who are serving sentence promulgated by the
court 3 years and below.
penal reformer. He is known as the Father of
Parole. - created Jan. 2, 1991.

His 2 Basic Principle of Penology - Charles S. Mondejar - 1st BJMP chief.

1. As cruelty debases both the victim and - BJMP chief tour of duty, must not exceed
society, punishment 4 years, maybe extended by President. Grounds:

should not be vindictive but should aim 1. In times of war

at the reform of the convict to observe social
2. other nationa
constraints, and
emergencies.
2. A convict's imprisonment should consist
- Senior superintendent - the rank from
of task, not time sentences, with release
which the BJMP chief is appointed. This is the
depending on the performance of a measurable
rank of the BJMP Directors of the Directorates
amount of labour.
in the National Headquarters. This is also the
rank of the Regional Director for Jail
Management and Penology.
Auburn Prison - Constructed in 1816 ,(opened
1819) it was the second - Chief of the BJMP - Highest ranking
BJMP officer. Appointed by the President upon
recommendation of DILG Secretary. Rank is Bridewell Prison and Workhouse - was the first
Director. correctional institution in England and was a
precursor of the modern prison. Built initially as
- BJMP Deputy Chief for Administration -
the 2nd highest ranking a royal residence in 1523, Bridewell Palace was
given to the city of London to serve as the
BJMP officer. Appointed by the President foundation for as system of Houses of
upon recommendation of the DILG Secretary. Correction known as “Bridewells.” These
Rank is Chief Superintendent. institutions, eventually numbering 200 in
- BJMP Deputy Chief for Operations - the
Britain, housed vagrants, homeless children,
3rd highest ranking BJMP officer. Appointed by petty offenders, disorderly women, prisoners of
the President upon recommendation of the war, soldiers, and colonists sent to Virginia.
DILG Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendent.

- BJMP Chief of the Directorial Staff - the

4th highest BJMP officer. Appointed by the Bridewell Prison and Hospital - was established
President upon recommendation of the DILG in a former royal palace in 1553 with two
Secretary. Rank is Chief Superintendents. purposes: the punishment of the disorderly
poor and housing of homeless children in the
City of London.
Borstal - a custodial institution for young
offenders.
Bureau of Corrections - has for its principal task
Borstal System - rehabilitation method formerly the rehabilitation of national prisoners, or those
used in Great Britain for delinquent boys aged sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of
16 to 21. The idea originated (1895) with the more than three years.
Gladstone Committee as an attempt to reform
- has 7 prison facilities
young offenders. The first institution was
established (1902) at Borstal Prison, Kent, - 1 prison institution for women
England.
- 1 vocational training centre for juveniles.
Branding - stigmatizing is the process in which a
mark, usually a symbol or ornamental pattern, - Classification Board - classifies inmates
is burned into the skin of a living person, with according to their security status.
the intention that the resulting scar makes it - Reception and Diagnostic Centre - (RDC)
permanent as a punishment or imposing receives, studies and classifies inmates
masterly rights over an enslaved or otherwise committed to Bureau of Corrections.
oppressed person.
- Board of Discipline - hears complaints
and grievances with regard to violations of
prison rules and regulations.
 - Iwahig Penal Farm - established in 1904 Charles Montesquieu - a french lawyer, who
upon orders of Gov. Forbes, then the Sec. of analyzed law as an expression of justice. He is
Commerce and police. famous for his articulation of the theory of
separationof powers, which is implemented in
- New Bilibid Prison - established in 1941 many constitutions throughout the world.
in Muntinlupa

Camp Bukang Liwayway - minimum

security prison. Code of Justinian - formally Corpus Juris Civilis
(“Body of Civil Law”), Justinian I the collections
Camp Sampaguita - medium security
of laws and legal interpretations developed
prison under the sponsorship of the Byzantine
- Davao penal Colony - established jan 21, emperor Justinian I from AD 529 to 565.
1932 (RA 3732)

- Sablayan Penal Colony and Farm -

Commitment Order - is an act of sending a
established Sept.27, 1954 (Proclamation
person to prison by means of such a warrant or
No.72) location:Occidental Mindoro order.
- Leyte Regional Prison - established
Jan.16, 1973
Correctional Administration - the study and
- Old Bilibid Prison - First Penal Institution practice of a system of managing jails and
in the Phil. designated as insular penitentiary prisons and other institutions concerned with
by Royal Decree in 1865. the custody, treatment and rehabilitation of
criminal offenders.

Burning at Stake - a form of ancient

punishment by tying the victimin a vertical post Corrections - describes a variety of functions
and burning him/her. typically carried out by government agencies,
and involving the punishment, treatment, and
supervision of persons who have been
Cesare Beccaria - an Italian criminologist, jurist, convicted of crimes.
philosopher and politician best known for his
treaties On Crimes and Punishments (1764),
which condemned torture and the death Death Row - refers to incarcerated persons who
penalty, and was a founding work in the field of
have been sentenced to death and are awaiting
penology and the Classical School of execution.
criminology

Deterrence - as contended by Cesare Beccaria,

proponent of theclassical theory, that
punishment is to prevent others Elmira System - An American penal system
fromcommitting crime. named after Elmira Reformatory, in New York.
In 1876 Zebulon R. Brockway became an
innovator in the reformatory movement by
Director Charles S. Mondejar - the first Chief of establishing Elmira Reformatory for young
BJMP. He took his oath of office on July 1 of felons. The Elmira system classified and
1991. separated various types of prisoners, gave them
individualized treatment emphasizing
vocational training and industrial employment,
used indeterminate sentences.
District Jail - is a cluster of small jails, each
having a monthly average population of ten or
less inmates, and is located in the vicinity of the
court. Ergastulum - is a Roman prison used to confine
slaves. They were attached to work benches
and forced to do hard labor in period of
imprisonment.
Draco - was the first legislator of ancient Athens,
Greece, 7th century BC. He replaced the
prevailing system of oral law and blood feud by
a written code to be enforced only by a court. Exemplarity - the criminal is punished to serve
as an example to others to deter further
commission of crime.

Ducking Stool - a chair fastened to the end of a

pole, used formerly to plunge offenders into a
pond or river as a punishment. Expiation - (Atonement) execution of
punishment visibly or publicly for the purpose
of appeasing a social group. Expiation is a group
vengeance as distinguished from retribution.
Dungeon - a dark cell, usually underground
where prisoners are confined.

First Women's Prison - opened in Indiana 1873.

Based on the reformatory model.
Elmira Reformatory - located in new York, was
originally a prison opened to contain
Confederate prisoners of war during the Civil
War. It became known as a “death camp” Four Classes of Prisoners
because of the squalid conditions and high 1. Insular or national prisoner – one who is
death rate in its few years of operation. sentenced to a prison term of three years and
Established 1876. one day to death;

2. Provincial prisoner – one who is sentenced

to a prison term of six
 months and one day to three years; Guillotine - an ancient form of capital
punishment by cutting the head.
3. City prisoner – one who is sentenced to a
prison term of one day to three years; and

4. Municipal Prisoner – one who is sentenced Halfway House - a center for helping former
to a prison term of one day to six months. drug addicts, prisoners, psychiatric patients, or
others to adjust to life in general society.

Flogging - (Flog) beat (someone) with a whip or

stick as a punishment. Hammurabi's Code - an ancient code which
contain both civil and criminal law. First known
codified law prior to Roman law. Better
Fred T. Wilkinson - last warden of the Alcatraz organized and comprehensive than biblical law.
prison. One of its law is lex taliones (an eye for an eye)

Galley - a low, flat ship with one or more sails Hedonism - the ethical theory that pleasure (in
and up to three banks of oars, chiefly used for the sense of the satisfaction of desires) is the
warfare or piracy and often manned by slaves highest good and proper aim of human life.

or criminals.
Hulk - an old ship stripped of fittings and
permanently moored, especially for use as
Goals of Criminal Sentencing storage or (formerly) as a prison.

1. Retribution

2. Punishment Impalement - (Impaling) a form of capital

punishment, is the penetration of an organism
3. Deterrence
by an object such as a stake, pole, spear or hook,
4. Incapacitation by complete (or partial) perforation of the body,
often the central body mass. Killing by piercing
5. Rehabilitation the body with a spear or sharp pole.

6. Reintegration

7. Restoration Institutional Corrections - refers to those

persons housed in secure correctional facilities.

Golden Age Of Penology - 1870 - 1880

Jail - is defined as a place of confinement for January 2, 1991 - the Bureau of Jail
inmates under investigation or undergoing trial, Management and Penology was
or serving short-term sentences
created thru Republic Act 6975 as a line Bureau
under the Department

Gaol - old name/term of jail. of Interior and Local Government.

Three Types of Detainees Jean Jacques Villain - pioneered classification to

separate women and
1. Those undergoing investigation;
children from hardened criminals.
2. those awaiting or undergoing trial; and

3. those awaiting final judgment

Jeremy Bentham - a prison reformer, believed
that the prisoner should suffer a severe regime,
Jails - holds but that it should not be detrimental to the
prisoner's health. He designed the Panopticon
a. Convicted offenders serving short in 1791.
sentences

b. Convicted offenders awaiting transfer

to prison John Howard - a philanthropist and the first
English prison reformer.
c. Offenders who have violated their
probation or parole

d. Defendants who are awaiting trial Justice - crime must be punished by the state as
an act of retributive justice, vindication of
absolute right and moral law violated by the

James V. Bennett - was a leading American criminal.

penal reformer and prison administrator who
served as director of the Federal Bureau of
Prisons (FBOP) from 1937 to 1964. He was one lapidation - (Stoning) the act of pelting with
of the strongest advocates in the movement in stones; punishment inflicted by throwing stones
persuading Congress to close Alcatraz and at the victim.
replace it with a new maximum-security prison,
eventually successful in 1963 when

it closed. Lex Taliones - an eye for an eye, a tooth for a

tooth.
Lockups - Suspects usually stay in a lockup for
only 24 to 48 hours. A suspect may later be
National Prisons Association - was organized in
transferred from the lockup to the jail.
Cincinnati in 1870.

Mamertine Prison - was a prison (carcer)

located in the Comitium in ancient Rome. It was Neo-Classical - children and lunatics should not
originally created as a cistern for a spring be punished as they cannot calculate pleasure
and pain.
in the floor of the second lower level. Prisoners
were lowered through an opening into the
lower dungeon. Classical Theory - pain must exceed
pleasure to deter crime. All are punished
regardless of age, mental condition, social
Mark System - developed in Australia by
Alexander Maconochie, whereby credits, or status and other circumstances.
marks, were awarded for good behaviour, a
certain number of marks being required for
release. Positivist Theory - criminal is a sick person
and should be treated and not punished.

Mittimus - is a process issued by the court after

conviction to carry out the final judgment, such Eclectic - it means selecting the best of
as commanding a prison warden to hold the various style or ideas.
accused, in accordance with the terms of the
judgment. Mittimus is often attached on the
commitment order issued by the court Newgate Prison - not a real prison but an
whenever the convict is to be transferred to abandoned copper mine of
prison for service of sentence.
Simsbury Connecticut. Inmates are confined
underground (Black hole
Mortality rate - A measure of the frequency of of horrors).
deaths in a defined population during a
specified interval of time.

Operational capacity - the number of inmates

that can be accommodated based on a facility's
Mutilation or maiming - an ancient form of staff, existing programs, and services.
punishment, is an act of physical injury that
degrades the appearance or function of any
living body, sometimes causing death.
Panopticon - a prison design, allowed a centrally but under eighteen years of age at the time of
placed observer to survey all the inmates, as the commission of the offence.
prison wings radiated out from this

central position.
Pennsylvania and New York - pioneered the
penitentiary movement by developing two
competing systems of confinement. The
Parole - refers to criminal offenders who are Pennsylvania system and the Auburn system.
conditionally released from prison to serve the
remaining portion of their sentence in the
community.
Pennsylvania System - An early system of
U.S. penology in which inmates were kept in
solitary cells so that they could study religious
Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) - writings, reflect on their misdeeds, and
was created pursuant to Presidential Decree
perform handicraft work.(Solitary System).
(P.D.) No.968, as amended, to administer the
probation system. Under Executive Order No.
292, the Probation Administration was renamed
as the Parole and Probation Administration, and Auburn System - An early system of
given the added function of supervising penology, originating at Auburn Penitentiary in
prisoners who, after serving part of their New York, under which inmates worked and ate
sentence in jails are released on parole or together in silence during the day and were
granted conditional pardon. The PPA and the placed in solitary cells for the
evening.(Congregate System)
Board of Pardons and Parole are the agencies
involved in the non-institutional treatment of
offenders.
Penology - a branch of Criminology that deals
with prison management and reformation of
Penal Management - refers to the manner or criminals.
practice of managing or controlling places of
confinement such as jails and prisons.
Poene (latin) - penalty

Logos (latin) - science

PD No. 603 - was promulgated to provide for
the care and treatment of youth offenders from
the time of apprehension up to the termination
Pillory - a wooden framework with holes for the
of the case.
head and hands, in which offenders were
Under this law, a youth offender is defined as a formerly imprisoned and exposed to public
child, minor or youth who is over nine years abuse.
Prison - which refers to the national prisons or Provincial Jail - under the office of the Governor.
penitentiaries managed and supervised by the Where the imposable penalty for the crime
Bureau of Corrections, an agency under the committed is more than six months and the
same was committed within the municipality,
Department of Justice. the offender must serve his or her

sentence in the provincial jail.

Prison Hulks - (1776-1857) were ships which
were anchored in the Thames, and at
Portsmouth and Plymouth. Those sent to them Where the penalty imposed exceeds three
were employed in hard labour during the day years, the offender shall serve his or her
and then loaded, in chains, onto the ship at sentence in the penal institutions of the Bureau
night. of Corrections.

Prison Reform - is the attempt to improve Punishment - the infliction or imposition of a

conditions inside prisons, aiming at a more penalty as retribution for an offence.
effective penal system.

Quakers - (or Friends, as they refer to

Probation - Probation in criminal law is a period themselves) are members of a family of
of supervision over an offender, ordered by a religious movements collectively known as the
court instead of serving time in prison. Religious

Society of Friends. Many Quakers have worked

for reform of the criminal justice systems of
John Augustus - Father of Probation. their day. Quakers believe that people can
Augustus was born in Woburn, Massachusetts always change: their focus has been on reforms
in 1785. By 1829, he was a permanent resident that make positive change more likely, such as
of Boston and the owner of a successful boot-
increased opportunities for education,
making business. improved prison conditions, help with facing up
to violent impulses, and much else.

Father Cook - a chaplain of the Boston

Prison visited the court and gained acceptance William Penn - founder of the Province of
as an advisor who made enquiries into the
Pennsylvania, the English North American
circumstances of both adult and juvenile colony and the future Commonwealth of
offenders
Pennsylvania.was the first great Quaker
prison reformer.
 In his ‘Great Experiment’ in Pennsylvania Chief Superintendent
in the 1680s he abolished capital punishment
Senior Superintendent
for all crimes except murder.

He also stated that ‘prisons shall be Superintendent

workhouses,’ that bail should be allowed for Chief Inspector
minor offences’, and ‘all prisons shall be free,
as to fees, food and lodgings’. He provided for Senior Inspector
rehabilitation, as he stipulated that prisoners
Inspector
should be helped to learn a trade, so that they
could make an honest living when they were Senior Jail Officer IV
released.
Senior Jail Officer III

Senior Jail Officer II

John Bellers - (1654-1725) was the earliest
British Friend to pay serious and systematic Senior Jail Officer I
attention to social reform. He pleaded for the
Jail Officer III
abolition of the death penalty, the first time
this plea had been made. He argued that Jail Officer II
criminals were the creation of society itself and
urged that when in prison there should be work Jail Officer I
for prisoners so that they might return to the
world with an urge to industry.
RA 10575 - The Bureau of Corrections Act of
2013.
Elizabeth Fry - (1780-1845) was the most
famous of Quaker reformers, though others
were equally influential in raising public Rack - a form of torture or punishment wherein
awareness. Reforms such as the separation of pain is inflicted to the body through stretching.
women children from men and the
development of purposeful activity of work or
education came about through pressure from
Rated Capacity - the number of beds or inmates
informed people.
assigned by a rating

official to institutions within the jurisdiction.

RA 6975 - sec.60 to 65, created the BJMP.

Reformation - the object of punishment in a

Rank Classification of BJMP criminal case is to correct and reform the
offender.
Director
 b. medium

Reformatory Movement - The reformatory c. minimum

movement was based on principles adopted at
the 1870 meeting of the National Prison
Association. Maximum - security facilities are
characterized by very tight internal and
external security.
The reformatory was designed:

a. for younger, less hardened offenders.

Common security measures include:
b. based on a military model of (Maximum)
regimentation.
- A high wall or razor-wire fencing
c. with indeterminate terms.
- Armed-guard towers
d. with parole or early release for
- Electronic detectors
favorable progress

in reformation. - External armed patrol

- A wide, open buffer zone between the

outer wall or fence
Rehabilitation - to restore a criminal to a useful
and the community.
life, to a life in which they contribute to
themselves and to society. - Restrictions on inmate movement

- The capability of closing off areas to

Retribution - punishment inflicted on someone contain riots or
as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act. disruptions.

Security Level - A designation applied to a Houses the following inmates:

facility to describe the measures taken, both
inside and outside, to preserve security and - Those sentenced to death
custody.
- Those sentenced with min. 20 years

- Those remanded inmates/detainees with

The simplest security level categorization min. 20 years sentence
is:
- Those whose sentences is under review
a. maximum by SC (min.20 years)
 - Those whose sentences is under appeal They often house inmates who:
(min.20 years)
- Have established records of good
- Those with pending cases behavior

- Those who are recidivist - Are nearing release

Ultra-Maximum/Super-Maximum Characteristics often include:(Minimum)

Security Prison - house notorious offenders
and problem inmates from other institutions. - Dormitory or barracks living quarters

- No fences
These institutions utilize: Total isolation of
inmates, Constant lockdowns - Some inmates may be permitted to leave
during the day

Medium-security institutions - place to work or study.

fewer restrictions on inmate movement inside - Some inmates may be granted furloughs
the facility.

Sing Sing Prison - was the third prison built by

Characteristics often include:(Medium) New York State. It is a maximum-security prison.
- Dormitory or barracks-type living
quarters
Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise - was a British prison
- No external security wall administrator and reformer, and founder of the
- Barbed wire rather than razor wire Borstal system.

- Fences and towers that look less

forbidding Sir Walter Crofton - the director of Irish prisons.
In his program, known as the Irish system,
prisoners progressed through three stages of
Houses the following inmates: confinement before they were returned to
civilian life. The first portion of the sentence
- Those sentenced to less than 20 years was served in isolation. After that, prisoners
were assigned to group work projects.

Minimum-security prisons - are smaller

and more open. Stocks - an instrument of punishment consisting
of a heavy timber frame with holes in which the
feet and sometimes the hands of an offender Tabulae) was the ancient legislation that stood
can be locked. at the foundation of Roman law. Established
basic procedural rights for all Roman citizens as
against one another
Three major government functionaries involved
in the Philippine correctional system:
Underground Cistern - a reservoir for storing
1. DOJ liquids, an underground tank for storing water.
2. DILG This was also used in prison in ancient times.

3. DSWD
Utilitarianism - a tradition stemming from the
late 18th- and 19th-century English
DOJ - supervises the national penitentiaries philosophers and economists Jeremy Bentham
through the Bureau of Corrections, administers and John Stuart Mill that an action is right if it
the parole and probation system through the tends to promote happiness and wrong if it
Parole and Probation Administration, and tends to produce the reverse of happiness—not
assists the President in the grant of executive just the happiness of the performer of the
clemency through the Board of Pardons and action but also that of everyone affected by it.
Parole.

Voltaire - believes that fear of shame is a

DILG - supervises the provincial, district, city deterrent to crime.
and municipal jails through the provincial
governments and the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology, respectively. Walnut Street Jail - opened in 1790 in
Philadelphia. Considered the 1st state prison.
Inmates labored in solitary cells and received
DSWD - supervises the regional rehabilitation large doses of religious training.
centers for youth offenders through the Bureau
of Child and Youth Welfare.
Workhouses - European forerunners of the
modern U.S. prison, where offenders were sent
Transportation - a punishment in which to learn discipline and regular work habits.
offenders were transported from their home
nation to one of that nation's colony to work.
Zebulon Reed Brockway - was a penologist and
is sometimes regarded as the Father of prison
Twelve Tables - The Law of the Twelve Tables reform and Father of American Parole in the
(Latin: Leges Duodecim Tabularum or Duodecim United States.