Lesson: 1

Executive Summary
The Internet has opened up a new horizon for trade and commerce, namely
electronic commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce entails the use of the Internet in
the marketing, identification, payment and delivery of goods and services. This
paper highlights the status, statutes, potential and constraints to e-commerce
development in Bangladesh.

Both the statutory laws as well as the challenges in implementing them are
discussed. Major legal, regulatory and institutional constraints to e commerce are
identified. The paper also lists specific policy changes aimed at bringing
improvements to the legal and regulatory environment affecting e-commerce.

Dimensions of E-Commerce- The three dimensions of e-commerce are Business-

to-Consumers (B2C), Business-to -Business (B2B) and Business-to-Government
(B2G). B2C e-commerce is unlikely to be of much use in the near future in
Bangladesh because of low per capita income, a weak infrastructural and legal
environment, lack of trust between business and consumers. B2C for cross border
trade is also limited by the factors suggested for the domestic front.

In addition, non-availability of international credit cards, foreign currency

remittance restrictions, delays and informal payments at customs clearance even
for small value and quantity items will discourage B2C.The B2B application
already exists in the export sector of Bangladesh, especially in the Ready Made
Garments (RMG) industry. RMG has the lion’s share of the export earnings in
Bangladesh. The RMG sector has begun to use the Internet, and its dependence on
ecommerce is likely to grow in the coming years.

The Internet would enable them to seek information about potential buyer as well
as raw material suppliers. Similarly the practice of posting a website by individual
producers has begun. However, if Bangladeshi producers are unable to
accommodate electronic transfer of payment and other facets of e-commerce, the
business opportunity will move on to countries that have developed such systems.

1
 Lesson : 2
History of Ecommerce

The most popular activities on the Web is shopping. It has much allure in it –
you can shop at your leisure, anytime, and in your pajamas. Literally anyone
can have their pages built to display their specific goods and services.
History of ecommerce dates back to the invention of the very old notion of
“sell and buy”, electricity, cables, computers, modems, and the Internet.
Ecommerce became possible in 1991 when the Internet was opened to
commercial use. Since that date thousands of businesses have taken up
residence at web sites. At first, the term ecommerce meant the process of
execution of commercial transactions electronically with the help of the
leading technologies such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) which gave an opportunity for users to
exchange business information and do electronic transactions. The ability to
use these technologies appeared in the late 1970s and allowed business
companies and organizations to send commercial documentation
electronically. In 2000 a great number of business companies in the United
States and Western Europe represented their services in the World Wide
Web. At this time the meaning of the word ecommerce was changed. People
began to define the term ecommerce as the process of purchasing of

2
available goods and services over the Internet using secure connections and
electronic payment services. Although the dot-com collapse in 2000 led to
unfortunate results and many of ecommerce companies disappeared, the
“brick and mortar” retailers recognized the advantages of electronic
commerce and began to add such capabilities to their web sites (e.g., after
the online grocery store Web van came to ruin, two supermarket chains,
Albertsons and Safeway, began to use ecommerce to enable their customers
to buy groceries online). By the end of 2001, the largest form of ecommerce,
Business-to-Business (B2B) model, had around $700 billion in transactions.

Lesson: 3

E-Commerce Infrastructure
The diagram below shows an example of an e-commerce infrastructure. It shows
clients, customers, partners and suppliers to the left and how they may connect to
an Internet company to the right through the Internet. Clients and partners, using
computers, telephones, etc., can connect to the Internet through dial-up lines to the
public switched telephone network (PSTN). Through the PSTN Internet Service
Providers (ISPs) can be reached. The ISPs can also be reached through dedicated
lines that generally offer higher bit-rates, such as digital subscriber lines (DSLs), as
well as T1, T4 and other links. Connections can also be established from LANs,
routers, hubs and PBX and other switches on the Customer Premises, i.e. the
premises of the clients, partners, etc. In addition to the plain old telephone system
(POTS) other operators offer connections to the Internet. These include cable
television operators, electric power companies, etc. Most are integrated with other
networks, including packet switched public data networks (PSPDNs) that use
routers and similar switching/directing devices. On the other side of these
networks you will find the host computers of the product/service provider or seller.
These people may have co-located or outsourced storage facilities. The latter are
data warehouses containing information on products, services, clients, partners,
suppliers, billing, payments, etc. Security is of a major concern. This includes
concerns about the following, among many other security problems: Credit card
numbers, expiration dates, and owner information getting in the wrong hands.
Orders being accepted from the wrong clients. Payments being made to the wrong
sources or goods and service being delivered to the wrong people. Viruses being
allowed to pass through the system. To prevent some of these security problems
firewalls are installed at critical interfaces. The firewalls are supposed to filter the
3
traffic, inhibit transmission of unwanted information (including viruses), and
prevent malicious or criminal actions by outside persons. However, a firewall
cannot by itself prevent misuse of credit card numbers or identity fraud.
Encryption is a way of improving security. You as a user can encrypt your
messages in an end-to-end fashion and having your correspondent at the other end
convert the message back into the original clear-text. Encryption can also be used
on individual links in the transmission chain.

home countries make all encryption illegal, and others, like the U.S. Government,
put restrictions on the complexity of the encryption permitted. Severe problems in
the conflict between users and government arise when the users are conducting
businesses in the multimillion dollar range with governments. Examples of such
users are manufacturers of telecommunications networks, airplanes, as well as
4
construction companies, etc. You hear all of them talking about cases where their
messages with their local agents regarding terms and prices end up in clear-text on
the desks of their (government) customers even before their agents receive the
messages.

Lesson: 4

Introduction to e-commerce
The Internet has opened up a new horizon for trade and commerce, namely
electronic commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce entails the use of the Internet in
the marketing, identification, payment and delivery of goods and services. This
paper highlights the status, statutes, potential and constraints to e-commerce
development in Bangladesh. Both the statutory laws as well as the challenges in
implementing them are discussed. Major legal, regulatory and institutional
constraints to e-commerce are identified.

The Internet, through advanced mechanisms of data transfer networks, establishes

global linkages between customers and suppliers regardless of geographic location.
E-commerce entails the use of the Internet in the marketing, identification,
payment and delivery of goods and services. It involves order processing at
company Websites and securing Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT) payment systems.

Lesson: 5

Definition of E-Commerce
An e-market is a facilitated online environment that connects multiple buyers and
suppliers in a single, Web-based hub to more effectively match supply and demand
while reducing transaction cycles and costs. The e-marketplace works for
companies engaging in collaborative business. This is an Internet site where goods
and services suppliers publish catalogues of their wares and service offerings,
which can be accessed by a large number of buyers. Value-added services an e-
market can offer include the provision of automated documents to speed up the
negotiation process, decision-support information, and other e-commerce services

5
— such as company profiles and financial services for credit checks, online
transaction processing, and access to efficient means of fulfillment.

The e-commerce resource center defines that “E-Commerce is a broad

term describing business activities associated with technical data that conducted
electrically”
E-Commerce is a dynamic set of technologies, applications and business
process that link enterprise, consumers and communities through electronics
exchange of goods, services and information.
(David Brum, Oracle magazine, Page 38)
Globalization has brought in many changes in the business scenario with
the whole world inching towards on the big market place. Communication between
the buyers and sellers has become critical as can option to explore a greater number
of alternatives then ever before.

Lesson : 6
Recent statement about e-commerce in financial express
IT can be very inconvenient for a consumer not getting a product in his locality
when it is available in other places. It happens in Khulna and other areas. For
example, Khulna residents need to come to Dhaka to buy rare medicines. Students
of Rajshahi University need to come to Dhaka to get their reference books at
Milked. It would be convenient for them if they could order online. It would save
their time as well as money as consumers. For the country, it would increase
employment. Online transaction would boost the gross domestic product (GDP)
growth and thus help Bangladesh achieve the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). In the era of globalization, the Internet makes the world smaller and e-
commerce facilitates marketing and shopping from home. E-commerce facilitates
business with customers over the internet. In e-commerce, customers can buy
goods and services over the internet. What needs to be done to start e-commerce?
Bangladesh already has trained IT professionals. Its graduates are working with
ISPs only for Tk. 4000 (60 dollar!) per month. This shows that Bangladesh already
has an abundance of trained IT professionals. Introduction of e-commerce would
open new employment opportunities in the country. The member of IT users in
Bangladesh is increasing rapidly. According to International Telecommunication
Union (ITU) report, Bangladesh had 450,000 internet users in 2007. In October 20,
6
2008, number of mobile phone users in Bangladesh stood at 45.09 million. More
than 10,000 people are connected in Face book through Bangladesh channels. All
the districts headquarters have cyber cafes. Youth accounting for more than 35 per
cent of the total population gives Bangladesh an edge to opt for e-commerce.
The country needs intermediary institutions to complete transactions.

Lesson: 7
The Dimensions of E-commerce

The dimensions of e-commerce are Business-to-Consumers (B2C), Business-to

-Business (B2B), Business-to-Government (B2G), C2C - Consumer to Consumer,
B2E - Business to Employee, C2B - Consumer to Business, B2E (Business to
Employee), G2G (Government-to-Government), G2E (Government-to-Employee),
G2B (Government-to-Business), B2G (Business-to-Government), G2C
(Government-to-Citizen), C2G (Citizen-to-Government)

Some important dimensions are describes bellows:

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce is unlikely to be of much use in the
foreseeable future in Bangladesh. At the domestic level, low per capita income,
limited infrastructural facilities (e.g. low teledensity), weak legal environment
(inadequate contract laws, poor implementation and enforcement), and lack of trust
and confidence between business and consumers are going to hinder B2C. In the
backdrop of such limitations, the low wage economy, with high levels of
unemployment and underemployment, will continue to rely on the physical
presence of buyers and sellers during a transaction in most cases. B2C for cross
border trade is inhibited by the factors suggested for the domestic front. In
addition, non-availability of international credit cards, foreign currency remittance
restrictions, delays E-Commerce in Bangladesh.

Business to Business (B2B):

B2B is the selling between companies, wholesale rather than retail. But it means
more than that. Efficient use of capital demands small inventories, which entails
7
anticipating demand, and so maintaining detailed information flows between all
parties involved in today's complex manufacturing processes. B2B involves
widening the circle of suppliers (for safety and competition), and of centralizing
control (for records and discounts). B2B ecommerce is an important part of any
online business. Leaving aside the simple transfer of funds — covered here —
many businesses need some combination of:

 Creditworthiness assessment.
 Guarantee of quality and delivery of goods (escrow services).
 Safeguards against fraud.
 Fast collection of funds, with ability to vary the collection period.
 Reporting: approval of sale, invoicing, delivery, payment.
 Procedures to handle disputes.
 Information of all types — corporate, technical, identity-building — has to
be interchanged across the scattered divisions of large companies, and new
ideas fostered, assessed and disseminated. Speed is vital, as are improved
communication, collaboration, and customer understanding.

Hence many problems with surveys. B2B has reportedly done better than B2C —
steadier growth, higher profits — but is it software sales or savings in companies
with B2B-enhanced management that have been measured? Even within the B2B
market, there are marked differences between types of software and their
successes.

Business to Government (B2G)

B2G e-commerce is possible in Bangladesh, but on a limited scale at this stage.

The government is a major buyer of goods and services from the private sector.
Typically, the government procures goods and services by inviting tenders. The
availability of the RFP and other relevant documents on-line provides an alternate
choice. Transactions involving information collection, obtaining various
governmental forms, registering activities can also be conducted on-line.

Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
A consumer posts his project with a set budget online and within hours companies
review the consumer's requirements and bid on the project. The consumer reviews
the bids and selects the company that will complete the project. Elance empowers
8
consumers around the world by providing the meeting ground and platform for
such transactions.

Business to Employee (B2E)

B2E (Business to Employee) E-Commerce generally refers to the requisitioning of
supplies by employees for use in their jobs, but this really has grown to encompass
much more. For example, B2E makes it very easy for an employee to requisition a
new toner cartridge and printer paper - the order is entirely electronic, and
supervisors are asked to approve the requisition in the event that the total order
exceeds preset limits for that particular employee.

Consumer to Consumer (C2C):

The introduction of the new economy has helped to create a very individualistic
and independent society. Consumers are no longer totally reliant on corporations
and are increasingly looking to conduct their own business transactions. This is
evident in Western Australia where the number of small businesses has doubled
from 1983 to 1999 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2001). At the forefront of this
movement are Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) applications within e-Business.

G2G (Government-to-Government),

G2E (Government-to-Employee),

G2B (Government-to-Business),

B2G (Business-to-Government),

G2C (Government-to-Citizen),

C2G (Citizen-to-Government) are other forms of e-commerce that involve

transactions with the government--from procurement to filing taxes to business
registrations to renewing licenses. There are other categories of ecommerce out
there, but they tend to be superfluous.

9
 Lesson: 8
Traditional Commerce vs E-Commerce

Items e-Commerce Traditional Commerce

Sales Channel Enterprise → Internet Manufacturer →

→ Consumer Wholesaler → Retailer
→ Consumer

Sales Hour /Region • Entire world • Restricted area

• 24x7 • Restricted sales
hour
Sales place/method • Market space • Market space
(Network) (store)
• Sale based on • Sale based on
information display
Customer information • Any time • Market survey
acquisition acquisition and salesman
through internet • Require
• Digital Data information re-
without no re- entry
entry
Marketing activity 1:1 Marketing via bi- One way marketing to
directional consumer
communication

Customer support • Real time • Delayed support

support for for customer
customer Dissatisfaction
Dissatisfaction • Time different
• Real time for catching
acquisition of customer needs
customer needs

capital • small • large

10
‘
Conventional payment mechanisms
Value has been conventionally transferred using a variety of techniques,
including:

Cash

• Notes which were until this century issued in many cases by banks,
but during this century largely by national governments;

• Coins; and

• unofficial tokens accepted as having value, e.g. sweets for small

change in Italy in the 1960s and 1970s,when the intrinsic value of the
metals in the coins exceeded their face value;

Documents

• Bills of exchange;

• Cheques drawn on a bank ;

• Money orders written by an accepted authority such as a national post

office;

• Letters of credit;

• Payment card vouchers.

Those mechanisms have various characteristics, such as the extent to which the
parties are identified, the traceability of the taxability of the transaction. The reason
that so many mechanisms exist is that there are many different circumstances in
which value is exchanged, and each of the mechanisms has niche-markets in which
it is perceived by at least some parties to have advantages.

11
 Lesson: 10

Electronic payment mechanisms

Information technology has created, and continues to create, many new
possibilities for value-exchange. Some of the new techniques represent automation
of existing methods, whereas others are novel or revolutionary. The following
mechanisms exist, are in pilot, or are being designed;

Electronic funds transfer at point of sale (EFT/POS)

EFT/POS involves the use of plastic cards in terminals on merchant’s premises. It

actually comprises two distinct mechanisms;

• Debit-card transactions: These were a new form of value-transaction

data, and the keying of keying of a pin, uses a terminal and network to
authorize the transfer of value from their account to that of a
merchant;

• Credit-card transaction: These represent the automated capture of

data about purchases against a revolving credit account.
Financial electronic data interchange(F-EDI)

F-EDI involves the transmission of payment transaction data, and associated

remittance advice data, from a payee to their bank, for on forwarding (via banks
and/or value-added network operators) to the payees bank and the payee;

 Home banking
This term is used for a variety of related methods where by a payer uses an
electronic device in the home or workplaces initiate payment to a payee. In
12
addition to computer technology, it can be performed using the telephone and
interactive voice response (IVR)

 Smart Card

SAVINGS
The Ready Cash card provides a safe and convenient place to save your money.
Like a bank account carried in your pocket, you can use your ReadyCash card as
frequently as you wish, and still get interest on the balance in your card. When
you want access to your cash, you can go to any participating bank branch to
withdraw cash from your card.

SECURITY
The micro-processor chip (a mini computer) on the card makes the card highly
resistant to unauthorized use. A PIN (Personal Identification Number) is needed
to authorize each transaction. A photograph of the cardholder also provides
security and also acts as a proof of identity. Lost or stolen cards can be replaced
with the previous balance intact.

SHOPPING

Ready Cash merchants can provide you with virtually every shopping need. Our
network is large and growing rapidly. With Ready Cash technology, making the
payment is easy too. The merchant doesn’t have to call a bank for authorization.
Transactions are made between the card and the electronic terminal (whether or
not the phone is working). After each transaction, you keep a voucher recording
the purchase.

SERVICES

Pay for services as well. Health, medical, courier, internet and many other services
are covered by our network. Utility bill payments are also an important feature of
the Ready Cash card. Ready Cash one-stop utility bill payments will allow you to
make prompt payments of your telephone, water, gas and electricity bills - all at
the same counter. Just use your Ready Cash card. It takes less than a minute for
13
each bill. No more standing in queues for utility bills will be required. Ready Cash
saves you time and effort.

AND MORE...

With an ever expanding network, continued product development and great

customer service, you will soon notice an important change for the better in your
life. Additionally, we offer special prize give-always for new cardholders and
existing cardholders who use their card.

 'Credit Card'

14
 The 'credit card', though a new phenomenon in business and transaction arena
which had already won the hearts of millions across the globe, has set its foot in
this part of the world with its magical power and becoming a way of life here by
offering its handy feature and usefulness. The forward march of 'plastic money',
the other name of the credit card, is so rapid that the whole concept of monetary
system needs immediate review as it has put a question mark in the very existence
of paper money.

Physical Feature
The credit card is rectangular and looks like a phone card. It is a layered piece of
hard plastic with holograms and security features. It also carries a strip of magnetic
tape on the back which is loaded with electronic data including the cardholders
details. The strip is read electronically by specialized machines called Point of Sale
(POS) Terminals at merchants or Automatic Teller Machines (ATM).

Kinds of Cards
There are mainly two kinds of cards-credit card and debit card. By credit card one
can purchase from stores called merchants, the price of which is payable at the end
of the month through the affiliated banks as per notification. On the other hand,
debit card is based on immediate payment system whereby one has to insert card
into the ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) located at the key spots in the city.

Why it's important?

A credit card is a great financial tool. It can be more convenient to use and carry
than cash, and they offer valuable consumer protections. Paper money and coin are
risky and burdensome for carrying. One can avoid the toll of finger-counting
changes in this system. The cardholder is given a code number called PIN
(Personal Identification Number) without which the card cannot be used at sales or

 Electronic cash
This is another form of automation of cash into electronic form. It addresses
circumstances in which the payer is not present at the point of sale or service, but

15
has electronic communications facilities available, e.g. is connected to the internet,
or to some other manifestation of the emergent global information infrastructure,
such as a cable-TV installation with enhanced capabilities.

A classification of the kinds of schemes for electronic cash is as follows:

• Pre-registered credit/ debit card numbers

• Electronic cash-pool

• Value-token creation and passing

• Stored-value card payment

 ELECTRONIC CHEQUE

This system is still evolving. The electronic check emulates the real world check
issuance and the transactions take place on the Internet. The consumer issues a
digital cheque to the merchant, which is deposited with the merchant's bank. The
bank gets the cheque cleared and credits the amount to the account of the
merchant. The transaction is shown in figure 7.5. One could see that in the
electronic cheque system a number of organizations such as the banks of the
consumer and the merchant, the clearing house and the certificate authority are
involved besides the consumer and the merchant. The web browsers will have to
support the cheque formats.

The consumer's cheque is authenticated through a digital signature of the

consumer's bank. This will assure the merchant that the account is a genuine one.
Certificate Authority might certify the user and the merchant. This will prove the
identity of the customer and the merchant. No repudiation is achieved by encoding
using the private key or the digital signature of the consumer. The public keys of
the banks are to be made available to the customers of both the banks.

16
E-Commerce through E-Cheque

 Establish mutual credentials through X 509 certification, and browse &

select goods.
 Invoice, shopping information & payment instructions
 Send E-Cheque
 Deposit (E-Cheque)
 Validate Cheque
 Confirm Validity of cheque
 Dispatch goods
 Acknowledge receipt of goods
 Transmit acknowledgement of receipt of goods
 Clear Cheque
 Inform crediting money through monthly statement
 Debit money to customer’s account & send debit information through
monthly statement

 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

The conventional transactional consisted of lots of paper work and at the same time
there is repetition of the work also. We can be carried out with the means of EDI
(Electronic Data Interchange):

17
  All conventional businesses depend upon paper-based transactions for
conducting their business.
 These transactions include events such as preparing, communication and
recording invoices, purchase orders, market inquires, statements, reports etc.
 When these papers reach the organizations or the customers for whom the
are intended, or when they are transmitted to other departments or sections
in turn generate more paper documents.
 Thus there is an explosion of documents at every point the transaction passes
through.

What is EDI?

EDI deals with doing business and carrying out transactions with the trading
partners electronically using a ‘paperless trading’ system.

Advantage of EDI

We saw that EDI is used as a medium for carrying out electronic transactions.

Big companies carry out such electronic transactions.

Opportunity Benefits:

 The most significant advantage of DI will emerge in strategies areas, better

customer service and improved marketing competitiveness.
 As a result of improved efficiency and effectiveness, the company’s image
gets enhanced.
 The company acquires a competitive edge over other companies that may
not have implemented EDI.
 With streamlined procedures, trading relationships improve.

Operational Benefits

 When business adopt EDI, the need to re-enter data from paper documents
gets eliminated and thus prevented clerical errors.

18
  It has been estimated that almost 70% of the data that is input into a
computer have previously been output from another computer.
 Whenever data is re-entered, it becomes a potential source of error.

Strategic Benefits

 Historical data that is b=obtained through trading information built-up from

EDI transactions is an valuable source of information that is very useful for
market research and strategic planning.
 The motivation for the implementation of EDI comes from indirect benefits
Application Areas for EDI

Now that you are aware of EDI and its advantages, below you will see some
application areas where it is used.

 Banking
 Finance
 National Trade
 Industry
 Manufacturing
 Transport
 Travel
 Tourism
 Warehousing
 Government
 Customer and excise
 Statistical

19
 Lesson : 12
Electronic Catalog of E-Commerce
• Unlimited number of products

• Up-sell products by displaying product accessories in product page

• Create an unlimited number of online catalogs

20
• Add different product numbers to the same product:supplier(VPC),customer,

Bar code, ISBN, third party

• Import categories and product records with quantity and prices if not
integrated

• Categorizes and Brands

• Use brand recognition by adding the brand logo to the product record

• Add a picture to a category

• Add descriptions to brands and categories (top page, bottom page, in left
menu)

• Assign products to an unlimited number of sub-categories

• Product, Category and Brand Descriptions

• Detailed multimedia, multilingual description

• Include formatted text, videos, pictures, file downloads and more

• No HTML, Graphic desing or programming knowledge required

• Standard product image sizes : thumbnail, small, medium, and large

• Batch import product pictures

• Separate product information in different tabs in the product record

• Online Store Display

• Customize product display order in a parent category

• Display or hide products not in stock or without a price

• Prices and Quantities

• Enter minimum sales quantities

• Multi-currency product prices

21
 • Automatically display product price in customer’s currency by detecting
customer’s country IP (GeoIP)

• Volume prices, discount or cost plus prices

Lesson : 13

Scope of e-commerce:

The scope of e-commerce is as wide as an ocean & there by the implementation

hurdles. When one thinks of the electronic commerce even through final goal
remains the same as that of the traditional commerce, but the way in which they
function in order to improve the performance is different. As information sharing is
the major part of the commerce industries, networking has given boost to e-
commerce. This change in view-point has opened door for new opportunities.
Outsourcing

Human Resources Management

Offshore Staffing

Website Design

Software Development

Web Marketing

Consulting

Freelancing IT Jobs

Search Engine Optimization.

1. Create the Ecommerce and Tele work (EAT) Center Storefront

Goal: To create a centrally located storefront for the EAT Center to attract a
wide variety of patrons who wish to learn new skills to help them raise their
income levels and maintain their preferred lifestyles.

Strategy: Using the first incentive of ready-cash from online auction sales
from items brought to the center as the initial attraction, additional incentives

22
 for participation will be the friendly offer of free training, Internet and
computer access, and specialized training workshop events to create for-profit
services.

Outcomes: The number of participants and participant hours utilizing the

center, the number of items sold, the total resulting new income, the number of
media exposure events, and the number of Embay-Day fundraisers will be
graphically displayed at the Center and updated regularly.

2 Hold a Major Presentation Event to Announce the Purpose and Goals of

the Center and Project

Goal: To introduce the services, staff, volunteers, and community

opportunities presented by the center with emphasis on the opportunity for
additional funding if the community rallies to demonstrate widespread active
use of the center. This presentation will be videotaped to allow for maximum
dissemination.

Strategy: Create a multimedia presentation showcasing successes of other

communities and individuals specifically related to the intended outcomes of
the project in the context of “learning what’s working for others like you.”
Articulate the community mission for the project as related to the goals of the
Ten First Steps for generating new skills, relationships, collaboration, content,
Businesses, and visions for the future uses of communications technology.

Outcomes: The presentation will be videotaped so everyone interested will

have a chance to see it, including other communities. The ideal outcomes are
unbridled enthusiasm for what a community can do for itself as well as
widespread participation in the center and the many following activities to be
specifically recorded as measurable outcomes. An online public calendar will
serve as the basis for local organizations planning their own awareness-raising
events.

3. Launch an Email as the Local Web Community Content Resource

for Businesses and Collaboration

23
Goal: To demonstrate the benefits of posting local content on the web to draw
business to the Email as well as to better share information and new learning
services throughout the community.

strategy: A public graphical display on the Email and at the Center will
celebrate all sponsoring organizations and businesses to make it explicit that
participation will be rewarded with recognition. All local businesses will be
invited to co-sponsor these content and collaboration creation events in return
for technical assistance creating Ecommerce web pages and/or other content
contributions to the community Email. Specific events will be held for
business and community leadership with information packets containing an
executive overview on their advantages for direct participation.

Outcomes: Records will be kept for the number of events held, the number of
participants, the number of sponsoring organizations and businesses, and
feedback from participants.

4. Hold a Skills Drive to Create a Mentorship Roster

Goal: Conduct a skills assessment to create an online Mentorship Roster to list

local talent alphabetically by topic and by name to meet the need for
coordination of matching local expertise, with local learning needs – i.e. the
haves with the have-nots. (Example Mentorship Roster; Ask+ Locator
Appendix J.)

Strategy: A survey will collect resident skills, recording who is willing to

share them, as well as skill needs and who needs mentoring assistance. In rural
communities, those with technical skills are often shunned instead of
celebrated. A social recognition strategy is needed to provide external
recognition for the social value of their skills. Local social recognition will
grow as people learn to appreciate that learning new technology skills is easier
in a social setting. This project provides a structure to assess and record
collaborative successes – gathering and sharing information and encouraging
new learning through peer mentorship.

24
 Outcomes: Records will be kept for the number of new mentors and new
skills generated by all project participants and multiple ongoing training
initiatives.

5. Hold a Multimedia Fair for Local Champions to Demonstrate New

Technologies and Applications and to Create a Series of Locally Driven
Workshops.

Goal: To demonstrate the benefits of new technology and advanced

telecommunications applications as a model process. Whereby, the citizens
can conduct training workshops, advertise their expertise, and related services
and whereby communities can continually stay current on continually
advancing applications.

Strategy: Drawing heavily on local volunteer talent, as well as established

experts, demonstrations of new technologies and applications will be
conducted covering the full range of things that can be done with a computer
and Internet – given friendly and knowledgeable assistance. This will create
new relationships between those with skills and those with learning needs.

Outcomes: Records will be kept on the number of persons participating in the

presentations, the number of new relationships resulting and the number of
new technologies and specific advanced telecommunications applications
demonstrated. Records will be kept for the number of advanced workshops
held using local talent and the number of participants. Link lists will point to
examples of advanced community applications and will provide a summary of
ongoing means for seeing the latest advanced applications.

6. Create a Local Online Newsletter as an Incentive for Collaboration

Goal: As a conduit for citizen engagement, online collaboration, and

storytelling of what’s working - each step of the way – a collaborative online
newsletter will be created and regularly updated throughout the project.
25
 Strategy: Collaborative incentives will be created for all citizens willing to
regularly share their expertise. Effective use of free collaborative tools such as
liters with web-based archives will be accessible via the newsletter and Email,
including use of “bogs” a new form of self-publishing allowing anyone
interested the equivalent of an online newspaper column – with a link included
in the newsletter as their means of ongoing contribution.

Outcomes: The newsletter serves as an ongoing evaluation mechanism for the

community to self-assess its own progress throughout the project’s timeline as
well as allowing the external evaluator, and the whole world, the ability to
monitor the project’s progress.

7. Create an E-business Incubator at the EAT Center

Goal: Establish an Ecommerce-marketing workgroup “Learning Circle” to

make explicit the need for ongoing learning as essential to sustained
Ecommerce success.

Strategy: Create an initial Ecommerce-marketing “Learning Circle” group to

establish a functional model for ongoing group learning, both online (using
listservs with web-based archives) and face-to-face. This creates online
collaboration skills essential to Ecommerce and community learning.

Outcomes: The number of participants in the E-marketing group will be

recorded as well as the specific level of online and offline interaction. The
number of additional learning circles created and their length of duration will
be recorded along with their listserv usage levels and number of participants.

Lesson :14

Opportunities of E-commerce

26
 The growth of the Internet has resulted in a critical mass of consumers and
firms that are engaged in commercial activity, as part of the global on-line
market place. E-commerce presents a number of opportunities for all parties
involved.
These are briefly discussed below:

For consumers:

The opportunities of E-commerce for consumers are multi-fold.

 Increased availability of information about products and services.
 Reduced costs from increased competition, which in turn results in
improved quality, quantity and variety of goods and services, through
an expanded market.

For Business :
The opportunities of E-commerce for business include

 The enormous potential of the Web as a distribution channel.

 A global medium for marketing communications.
 Lower distribution costs, as the use of middlemen no longer
essential.
 Lower marketing costs, as buyers and sellers are able to
communicate directly with each other.

For Governments :
The opportunities of E-commerce for government are:

 Show case the country’s products and investments potential on

the world scene.
 Support a new form of commerce that benefits all classes of
society.
 Increase foreign export earning, and increase tax revenue.

Lesson : 15
27
The Presence Condition of E-commerce in Bangladesh
E-commerce can be very inconvenient for a consumer not getting a product in his
locality when it is available in other places. It happens in Khulna and other areas.
For example, Khulna residents need to come to Dhaka to buy rare medicines.
Students of Rajshahi University need to come to Dhaka to get their reference
books at Nilkhet. It would be convenient for them if they could order online. It
would save their time as well as money as consumers. For the country, it would
increase employment.
1.Intro: Online transaction would boost the gross domestic product (GDP) growth
and thus help Bangladesh achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In
the era of globalization, the Internet makes the world smaller and e-commerce
facilitates marketing and shopping from home. E-commerce facilitate business
with customers over the internet. In e-commerce, customers can buy goods and
services over the internet.
2.What needs to be done to start e-commerce: Bangladesh already has trained IT
professionals. Its graduates are working with ISPs only for Tk. 4000 (60 dollar!)
per month. This shows that Bangladesh already has an abundance of trained IT
professionals. Introduction of e-commerce would open new employment
opportunities in the country.
3.Number of using it media: The member of IT users in Bangladesh is increasing
rapidly. According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) report,
Bangladesh had 450,000 internet users in 2007. In October 20, 2008, number of
mobile phone users in Bangladesh stood at 45.09 million. More than 10,000 people
are connected in Face book through Bangladesh channels. All the districts
headquarters have cyber cafes. Youth accounting for more than 35 per cent of the
total population gives Bangladesh an edge to opt for e-commerce.
4.Online payment system: E-commerce facilitates payment of utility bills, fees
etc. Now in Bangladesh, there are thirty sites involved with e-commerce. In these
site some sells special products such as, dhakasharee.com sells only saree and
woman wears. A good website and online transaction process is needed for e-
commerce sites. For online payment we can use credit card, e-check etc. It is a
matter of sorrow that we can’t buy with credit cards of Bangladesh. Although these
sites have limitation, they try their best. One man can easily buy a product from e-
28
commerce site and pay his bill by credit card. The credit cards are issued by third
party, such as, paypal.com, 2co.com etc. In these PayPal is one of the most popular
site in Bangladesh. But from Bangladesh we can’t be a member of PayPal. For
open a PayPal account we must need the help of other countries.

5. Present situation of e-commerce: In Bangladesh e-commerce market is too

small. If it is spread all over the world, this will bring good to us. In this time, e-
commerce is only used by the emigrant Bangladeshis who want to present their
friends in Bangladesh. From overseas one can easily present gift, although its cost
is too high. Mainly Bangladesh e-commerce sites are too costly. Emigrants
Bangladeshis mainly use these e-commerce sites. If the sells become higher the
cost of e-commerce product will decrease. E-commerce sites are not spread all
over the country. Most of the sites serve in Dhaka.

6. E-commerce in banking sector: Online transaction is necessary for e-

commerce sites. Our banks are also back dated from other banks of the world. If
local banks are jointly starting a consortium for online transaction, we can easily
start ecommerce. We must enrich our internet infrastructure In Bangladesh, data
networks are so weak. In E-commerce total process is in automation. But we are
not totally automated. In technology we are in backward direction. Our net speed is
not good so we are not habituated with e-commerce.

7. When should need to use e-commerce: We must remember e-commerce is

needed when we haven’t enough time to go to market. Main advantage of the e-
commerce sites is they need not show-room, store room. For these cost will
become low. To run a e-commerce sit is so easy. If you pay 300-400 dollar, you
can easily get a good e-commerce site. A computer, printer, Internet, Digital
camera, scanner, to buy products and give it to the customer, it can manage only by
two or three people. In Bangladesh to start e-commerce site is so easy. For this in
average every month at least one site is added here.

Lesson : 16
E-Commerce in Bangladesh: Status, Potential and Constraints

29
 Introducing on-line payment or allowing electronic fund transfer for selling the
RFP would be a significant leap towards B2G in Bangladesh. There are numerous
instances of deliberate “unavailability” of the RFP, namely while the bids for civil
infrastructure projects are invited. Syndicated vested groups forbid the other
bidders’ participation by forming a cartel. B2G inherently brings transparency in
such cases and ensures a level playing field for all the bidders. Electronic
submission of the RFP followed by presenting the hardcopies could also be used to
promote transparency, accountability and the threat or coercion that is often
evidenced during the bid submission period. In addition, transactions involving
information collection, obtaining various governmental forms, registering activities
can be conducted on-line. This will reduce time costs, corruption and the necessity
of going through lengthy bureaucratic procedures as well as increasing
transparency.

Lesson: 17

E-COMMERCE IN DIFFERENT SECTORS OF BANGLADESH

E-Commerce in the RMG Sector

The RMG sector emerged during the early 1980s in Bangladesh and information
has been the strategic partner in its phenomenal growth. Telex was the only tool of
cross border data communication in those days. International courier services were
the means of receiving the approved designs from the buyers. The Facsimile
machine, in the mid 80s, radically replaced both of these orthodox communicating
media (i.e. telex and courier). This "Office Automation Equipment" contributed
towards accelerating RMG exports. Faster and cheaper data communications
coupled with real-time design-pattern development enabled the buyer and
manufacturer expediting business negotiations.

E-Commerce in the Oil and Gas Sector

International Oil Companies (lOCs) are the dominant players in the exploration
and production of the oil and gas industry. lOCs use the vendors' web pages

30
extensively in order to obtain product information. This exercise is also limited to
the international vendors as the Bangladeshi business community has yet to
become sufficiently cyber-centric. The lOCs make all the payments to the
international vendors through Telegraphic Transfer.

E-Finance in Chittagong

The foreign banks are the pioneers in adopting electronic finance in Chittagong.
Most of the foreign banks are using the computerized transaction system and
taking advantage of the superior technology by attracting customers and providing
interbranch and interbank linkage. Foreign banks through successful use of a
global network have increased the timeliness and accuracy of information,
benefiting its customers, its employees and also its management. A broad spectrum
of electronic baking services, a subset of e-fmance, is available in Chittagong with
various degree of penetration. Credit card and POS services are provided by 23
percent of banks [PCBs and FCBs].

Banking on the Web

Though there are 28 banks in Bangladesh, mostly head quartered in Dhaka. Only a
select few have web pages. Listed below are the names of the few that do have
sites. However, most of these banks do not offer online or electronic service such
as Direct Deposit. There are some ATM machines, though not nearly as
concentrated as in the United States. The main bank which is involved in Online
Banking in Bangladesh are:

• HSBC Bank

31
• Standard Chartered Bank

• Prime Bank

• One Bank

32
 Lesson : 18
Benefits of E-commerce

The benefits of e-Commerce are many and many. Some of them include:

(1) Global reach: The net being inherently global, reaching global customers is
relatively easy on the net compared to the world of bricks
(2) Cost of acquiring serving and retaining customers: It is relatively cheaper
to acquire new customers over the net. Thanks to 24 X 7 operation and its
goal reach. Through innovative tools of push technology to retain customers,
loyalty with minimal investments.
(3) An extended enterprise is easy to build: In today’s world every enterprise
is a part of the ‘connected economy’; as such you need to extend your
enterprise all the way to your suppliers and business partners like
distributers, retailers and ultimately you end customers. Internet provides an
effective (often less expensive) way to extend your enterprise beyond the
narrow confines of your own organization.
(4) Dis-intermediation: Using the net one can directly approach the customers
and suppliers, cutting down the number of level sand in the process, cutting
down the costs.
(5) Improved customer service to your clients: It results in higher satisfaction
and more sales
(6) Power to provide the ‘best of both the world’s: It enhances traditional
along with internet tools.

1.E-Commerce in business : E-commerce can transform the way products and

services are created, sold and delivered to the customers. It can also change the
way in which the company works with its partners. The followings are well
established benefits of e-commerce:

• Improved productivity :Using e-commerce, the time required to create,

transfer and process a business transaction between trading partners is
significantly reduced. This improvement in speed and accuracy plus the
acess to document and information, will result in increase in productivity.

33
 • Cost savings: The cost savings stem from efficient communication,
quicker turnaround and closer access to market.
• Streamlined business process: Use of internet and with automation of
business process can make business more efficient
• Better Customer service: Customer can enjoy the convenience of
shopping at any our and anywhere in the world.
• Opportunities for new business: Business over the internet have global
customer reach. There are endless possibilities for business to exploit and
expand their customer base.]

2. Benefits of e-Commerce to Organization

Expands the Marketplace to national and international market

• Decrease the cost of creating, processing, distributing, storing and

retrieving paper based information
• Allows reduced inventories and overhead by facilitating pull-type supply
chain management
• The pull-type processing allows for customization of products and
services which provides competitive advantage to its implementers
• Reduces the time between the outlay of capital and the receipt of product
and services
• Supports Business process re-engineering (BPR) efforts
• Lowers telecommunication cost- the internet is much cheaper than value
added networks (VANs)

3. Benefits of e-Commerce to Consumers

• Enables consumers to shop or do other transaction 24 hours a day, all year
round from almost any location
• Provides consumers with more choices
• Provides consumers with less expensive products and services by allowing
them to shop in many places and conduct quick comparisons
• Allows consumers to interact with other consumers n electronic
communities and exchange ideas as well as experiences
• Facilitates competition which results in substantial discounts
• Allows quick delivery of products and services (in some cases) especially
with digitized products
34
 • Consumers can receive relevant and detail information in seconds rather
than in days or weeks
• Makes it possible to participate in virtual auction

4 Benefits of e-Commerce to Society

• Enables more individuals to work at home, and to do less traveling for
shopping, resulting in less traffic on the roads and lower air pollution
• Allows some merchandise to be sold at lower prices benefiting less affluent
people
• Enable people in third world countries and rural areas to enjoy product and
services which otherwise are not available to them
• Facilitates delivery of public services at reduced cost, increases effectiveness
and or improve qualiy

Lesson :19

Disadvantages of e-commerce:
Some disadvantages because of newness of e-Commerce. If e-commerce
matured they will perhaps remove.

a. Inadequate inspection facility

b. Security
c. legal issues

1. Technical Limitations to e-commerce

d. Lack of sufficient system security, reliability, standards and
communication protocols
e. Insufficient telecommunication bandwidth
f. The software development tools are still evolving and changing
rapidly
g. Difficulties in integrating the internet and e-commerce software with
some existing application and data base
h. The need for special web servers and other infrastructures, in
addition to the network servers (additional cost)
i. Possible problems of inter operability, meaning that some EC
softwares does not fit with some hardware, or is incompatible with
some operating systems or other components

35
2 Non- Technical Limitations to e-commerce

• Cost and Justification

-The cost of developing an EC in a house can be very high …….

• Security and privacy

• Lack of trust and user resistance
• Channel conflict
• Other limitations factors are:
-Lack of touch and feel online etc

Lesson: 20

CONCLUSION

The overview of the legal and regulatory statutes suggests that Bangladesh has
made significant progress in facing the challenge of globalization and concurrently,
embracing e-commerce in due course. Technological and infrastructural constraints
to e-commerce can be overcome if existing laws and regulations are implemented.
A better understanding of the potential benefits df e-commerce by the policy
makers and bureaucrats is essential for speedy implementation and further reforms.

Commerce on Internet is already a reality. The communication facilitates which

are an offer are rapidly become integrated as core business tools. There are
currently more than 25000 companies, which are using Internet to conduct
business. The volume of US electronic "home shopping" retail business already
reached US $ 2.6 million in 1995. Business transactions carried over the Internet
are presently estimated to reach US$ 500 million in 1995 rising to between US $
2.5 billion in the year 2000.

36
New trading opportunities are being established as a result of the growth of the
Internet & other on-line networks. At the same time, there is increasing pressure to
move from existing paper based payment system to EFT (Electronic Fund
Transfer).

Microsoft chairman, Bill Gates, is not alone in believing that the convergence of
money, commerce and personal computers represents one of the great new markets
of modern time. New and unfrozen opportunities can be expected to arise once a
secure and cost effective 'mass' market electronic system for making low volume
payments is successfully established.

Lesson:21

Some important website market in Bangladesh

• www.dhakasharee.com

• www.number1shop.com

• www.bdbazar.com

• www.banglacommerce.com

• www.sonarmarketplace.com

• www.dinrat.com

• www.upharbd.com

• www.bdgift.com

• www.hvbebazaar.com

37
 • www.ancbooks.com

• www.cellbazar.com

• www.desigreetings.com

• www.faisalfood.com

• www.bivob.com

• www.mayerbazar.com

• www.flowersgiftsdhaka.com

• www.duurbin.com

• www.sonalihalalfood.com

• www.panjeree.com

• www.giftmela.com

Future of Ecommerce
Experts predict a promising and glorious future of ecommerce in the 21st century. In the foreseeable future
ecommerce will further confirm itself a major tool of sale. Successful ecommerce will become a notion absolutely
inseparable from the web, because e-shopping is becoming more and more popular and natural. At the same time
severe rivalry in the sphere of ecommerce services will intensify their development. Thus prevailing future trends of
ecommerce will be the growth of Internet sales and evolution.

Each year number of ecommerce deals grows enormously. Sales volumes of on-line stores are more than
comparable with those of “brick-and-mortar” ones. And the tendency will continue, because a lot of people are
“imprisoned” by work and household duties, while Internet saves a lot of time and gives opportunity to choose goods
at the best prices. Present-day Internet sales boom is the foundation for magnificent ecommerce future.

The “quantity to quality” tendency of ecommerce is also becoming more and more obvious, as the Internet has
excluded geographical factor from the sale. So it doesn’t matter any more whether your store is situated in New York
or London or in a small town. To survive, merchants will have to adapt rapidly to the new conditions. To attract more
customers e-store-owners will have not only to increase the number of available services, but to pay more attention to
such elements like attractive design, user-friendliness, appealing goods presentation, they will have to opportunely
employ modern technologies for their businesses to become parts of ecommerce future.

Of course, those, who acquire e-stores earlier, get better chance for future success and prosperity, though an
ecommerce site itself doesn’t guarantee you anything. Only an appropriate ecommerce solution in combination with
thorough emarketing and advertising can buy you business insurance

38
িবেশষজরা একিট আশাপদ ভিবষযদাণী কের এবং ২১ শতাবীেত ecommerce এর glorious ভিবষযৎ।
foreseeable ভিবষযৎ ecommerce েত িবকীর িনেজরা একিট পধান সরঞাম আরওেব দৃঢ়তরভােব পিতপন
করেব। সফল ecommerce ওেয়ব েথেক একিট notion িবনা শেতর inseparable হেব, কারণ e-
shopping আরও েবিশ এবং আরও েবিশ জনিপয় এবং পাকৃিতক হেচ। ecommerce পিরেষবার েগালেক
একই সময় মারাতক পিতদিনতােত তােদর উনিতসাধন েজারদার করেব। ecommerce এর িবরাজমান ভিবষযৎ
পবণতা সুতরাং ইনারেনট িবকয় এবং িববতরেনর বৃিদ হেব। ecommerce চুিকর পেতযক বছর সংখযা
enormously বৃিদ কের। on-line জিমেয় রােখর িবকয় ভিলউম “brick-and-mortar” এেকর
েসইগিলর সেঙ comparable এর েচেয় আরও েবিশ আেছ। এবং েঝঁাক চািলেয় যােব, কারণ অেনক জনগণ
কাজ এবং ঘেরায়া দািয়েতর মেধয “imprisoned” আেছ, ইনারেনটার সময় অেনক সময় সংরকণ কের এবং
সেবরাতম মূেলয সামগী েবেছ িনেত সুেযাগ েদয়। Present-day ইনারেনট িবকয় উচ পবৃিদ magnificent
ecommerce ভিবষযৎএর জনয পিতষান। ecommerce এর েঝঁাক quality”েত “quantity আরও েবিশ
এবং আরও েবিশ েবাধগময ও হেচ, ইনারেনট িহেসেব িবকী েথেক েভৌগিলক ফযাকর বাদ িদেয়েছ। এইিট সুতরাং
একিট কুদ শহের িনউইয়কর অথবা লনন অথবােত িবষয় েযেকান আরও েবিশ আপনার সংরকণ doesn’t ওয়া
হয় অবসান করা হয় িকনা। েবেচ থাকেত, বযবসায়ীর নতুন অবসােত দত পিরবতরেনর দারা উপেযাগী করেত
হেব। আরও েবিশ খেদর e-store-owners আকষরণ করেতর পািপসাধয পিরেষবার সংখযা বৃিদ করেত েকবল
থাকেবনা, আকষরণীয় নকশা, user-friendliness, appealing সামগী উপহােরর মত েযমন উপাদােন আরও
েবিশ মেনােযাগ পদান করেত িকন, তােদরেক ecommerce ভিবষযৎএর অংশ হেত তােদর বযবসার জনয আধুিনক
পযুিক opportunely চাকরী িদেত হেব। িবষয়, েসইেরগ েে
েেেেেিল , েয e-stores েগাড়ার িদেক অজরন
কের, ভিবষযৎ সাফলয এবং সচলতার জনয ভাল সুেযাগ পান, যিদও একিট ecommerce সাইট িনেজরা
িনশয়তা আপনােক েযিকছু doesn’t ন। thorough emarketing এবং িবজাপেণর সেঙ সিমলেন একিট
েকবল উপযুক ecommerce দেবযর ই-কমাসর • অসীম সংখযার ইেলকটিনক সুিবনযস তািলকা একই দেবয
অনলাইন সুিবনযস তািলকা আলাদা দবয সংখযার দবয পাতা • একিট অসীম সংখযােত দবয আনুষিঙক
পদশরন করার মেধয Up-sell দবয •য় ৈতির কের •য় েযাগ কের: supplier(VPC), গাহক, বঁাধা
েদয়া েকাড, ISBN, তৃতীয় অনূষান • পিরমােণর সেঙ েশণীিবভাগ এবং দবয েরকডর আমদািন কের এবং
মূলয যিদ • integrate Categorizes য় না এবং Brands • বযান এবং েশণীিবভােগ
একিট েশণী • বণরনােত দবয েরকডর • একিট ছিবেত বযান েলােগা েযাগ করার মেধয বযান পিরিচিত
বযবহার কের েযাগ কের েযাগ কের (সেবরাচ পাতা, তলা পাতা, বািক আেছ েমনুেত) • sub-categories
দবয, েশণীিবভােগর একিট অসীম সংখযােত দবয বরাদ কের •য় এবং বযান বণরনা
পুঙানুপুঙ মািলিমিডয়া •য়, multilingual বণরনা • েলখা, িভিডও, ছিব
অনভুরক কেরিছল ফরমযাট কেরিছল, ফাইল এবং আরও েবিশ • েকানও এইচিটএমএল, গািফক desing
ডাউনেলাড কের না অথবা েপাগািমং জান • মান দবয ছিব মাপ পেয়াজন েবাধ কেরিছল: থামেনইল, কুদ,
মাধযম, এবং অেনক • বযাচ আমদািন দবয ছিব একিট উধরস েশণী • পদশরন করােত দবয েরকডর •
অনলাইন সংরকণ পদশরন করা • সিনবরাচন দবয পদশরন করা অডরাের আলাদা
টযােব আলাদা দবয তথয •য় অথবা একিট দাম • মূলয বযতীত েশয়ার অথবােত দবয

39
েগাপন কেরন না এবং Quantities • customer’s েদশ আই.িপ. সনাক করার মেধয customer’s
টাকােত নুযনতম িবকয় সংখযা Multi-currency দবয মূলয দবয দাম সয়ংিকয়ভােব েঢাকায় •য় •য়
পদশরন কের (GeoIP) • ভিলউম মূলয, ছাড় অথবা মূলয plus মূলয সমাধান আপনােক বযবসা insurance
কয় করেত পাের

40