A GOAL 1: Use Conditionals to Talk about Real Situations
Polar Bear (Ursus
maritimus) The polar bear
is one of eight different
species of bears. Its
habitat is the ice and
water near the Arctic Circle. Vocabulary
These bears are preda-
A Read the text.
tors that eat other animals.
Their usual prey is other
arctic animals, such as seals. B Match the words in blue to their meanings.
They hunt for their food
during the day. This bear is 1. to look for animals and kill them 5. a kind of animal
wild and is found in the
north of Canada. Polar bears 2. an animal that other animals kill 6. doesn’t exist any more, all dead
are vulnerable, and there are to eat
7. to keep safe from danger
not many of them left. Their
3. animals that kill other animals
habitat is shrinking. If we 8. in nature, not controlled by
don’t protect these bears, 4. the place where an animal people
they will become extinct. usually lives
Grammar: Real conditionals in the future
A Study the sentence and answer the questions.
Condition Result
If we don’t protect these bears, they will become extinct.
1. Is the condition possible, or not possible?
2. Is the result now, or in the future?
Real conditionals in the future
We use the real conditional for s ituations that can If you look out the train window, you will see a group
happen in the future. of wild deer.
Conditional sentences have two clauses: the condition Condition: if + subject + simple present tense verb
clause, and the result clause. Result: subject + will/be going to + verb
The condition clause can be at the b eginning or end of If you talk loudly, the birds will fly away.
the sentence. The birds are going to fly away if you talk loudly.
96 Unit 8
48709_se_02_u08_094-105.indd 96 2/28/14 12:28 PM
B Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.
1. If an elephant (live) in a zoo, it (get) bored.
2. We (be) very happy if our team (win).
3. If I (see) a bear in the forest, I (yell) loudly.
4. I (go) to the concert if I (have) enough money
for a ticket.
5. If you (sleep, not) enough, you (feel) tired.
C Discuss these situations with a partner. Write sentences to describe them
in your notebook. What will happen if . . .
1. polar bears can’t find enough food?
Real Language
2. the polar bear’s habitat disappears?
3. people put more polar bears in zoos? You can say That may be
(true), but . . . to show that
4. people protect polar bears?
you disagree with the other
5. polar bears become extinct? person’s idea.
Conversation
A 6 Close your book and listen to the conversation. What is Katie afraid of?
Mike: Let’s go camping in the national park.
Katie: I’m not sure that’s a good idea. There are black bears
in the park.
Mike: That may be, but they’re not very big. And they stay away
from people.
Katie: If I see a bear, I’ll be really scared. They’re so dangerous!
Mike: Bears won’t hurt you if you leave them alone.
B Practice the conversation with a partner. Switch roles and
practice it again.
C Make two new conversations.
1. White Beach/sharks 3. the nature reserve/snakes
2. North Campground/wolves 4. your own idea
D GOAL CHECK Use conditionals to talk about real situations
Look at the problems in the box. How will these issues affect nature? climate change
Talk about them with a partner. human population growth
energy use
nature shows/other education
Nature 97
48709_se_02_u08_094-105.indd 97 2/28/14 12:28 PM
Life Intermediate Unit 10b
Real and unreal conditionals: First and second conditionals
Oh no! It’s Sue’s birthday tomorrow.
Don’t worry – if you forget I must buy her a present. She’d never
something, I’ll bring it along later! forgive me if I forgot her birthday!
Presentation
Real conditionals
You use if with a present tense followed by will in the main clause to talk about a real situation, i.e. a situation which
is possible in the future:
If you forget something, I’ll bring it along later. (The man thinks that it’s possible that the woman will forget
something.)
These sentences are often called first conditionals.
See Units 91 and 92 for more information about real conditionals.
Unreal conditionals
You use if with the past simple followed by would in the main clause to talk about an imagined situation in the
present or the future, i.e. a situation that is either impossible or possible but not probable:
If I forgot her birthday, she’d never forgive me. (He doesn’t think it’s probable. He’s imagining the situation.)
When you use the past simple with if, it does not refer to the past. It refers to the present or future.
These sentences are often called second conditionals.
See Unit 93 for more information about unreal conditionals.
Practical Grammar 2 1 © National Geographic Learning
Intermediate Unit 10b
Exercises
1 Choose the correct option.
1 If you wash the car,
a I’d give you five pounds. b I’ll give you five pounds.
2 I’ll come into town with you
a if you want. b if you’ll want.
3 If she didn’t like you,
a she won’t phone you. b she wouldn’t phone you.
4 If he was really unhappy,
a he’d left his job. b he’d leave his job.
5 If you want a good job,
a you must pass your exams. b you’d need to study harder.
6 You definitely won’t pass your exam
a if you wouldn’t study harder. b if you don’t study harder.
7 If you hear a strange noise in the night,
a you must call the police. b you’d have to call the police.
8 Please come straight back here
a if you don’t find him. b if you won’t find him.
2 Complete the sentences with the present simple, past simple, will or would form
of the verb in brackets.
1 If I don’t see you later, I (send) you a text message.
2 If you didn’t have to work, what (you / do)?
3 Jenny will be happy to help if you (have) any problems.
4 If you (wait) a minute, I can help you with those bags.
5 I wouldn’t do that if I (be) you.
6 They (do) anything if you gave them enough money.
7 What (you / do) if the bus doesn’t come?
8 How would you react if it (happen) to you?
3 Write sentences about the situations using if and the words in bold.
1 I don’t have any money. I can’t buy a car. had
If I had some money, I’d buy a car.
2 It may rain tomorrow. We may not play football. won’t
3 I like my job. That’s why I do it. wouldn’t
4 I have to work tomorrow. I need to go to bed early. didn’t
5 I’ll probably see Tom later today. I can tell him about the party. I’ll
6 I don’t know if you have any money. I can pay the bill. don’t
Practical Grammar 2 2 © National Geographic Learning
8 The world around us
READING | Multiple matching | A nature article
1 In pairs or as a group, answer the questions. 3 Find phrases in the article for expressing
1 Which areas of your country are known for their attitude and opinion that mean the same
natural beauty? as phrases 1–5.
2 What can people visiting those areas expect to 1 I thought it was …
experience?
2 As you might expect, …
2 Read the article quickly. Match each person
with an overall opinion of the park. There is
one extra sentence you do not need. 3 In my opinion, …
A Aiden King: ,
B Chloe Morton: 4 … my personal opinion is …
C Nakaaya Kikwete:
D Manuel Garcia: 5 … I am certain that …
1) It faces challenges from different threats and its
amazing natural wealth needs to be protected.
2) It doesn’t deserve the reputation it has for OPTIMISE YOUR EXAM
outstanding beauty and amazing wildlife.
Multiple matching
3) It impressed me with its natural beauty, but it also ● In this task, the writer’s attitudes and opinions are
made me think about what is important.
often important. Look for key phrases that show this,
4) It was interesting, but it didn’t mean as much to e.g. To my mind …, My own view is …
me as it could have done with more information. ● Also look for adjectives and descriptive phrases that
5) It helped me to connect with other people and show attitude and opinion, e.g. it was (...) that really
what their lives were like in the past. stuck with me, breathtaking, stunning.
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READING 8
NATIONAL PARKS Four young people tell us about visiting
a national park in their country.
A Mammoth Cave National Aiden King Chloe Morton
Park, Kentucky, USA
The Mammoth Cave National Park The Great Barrier Reef
is an extensive underground system has become one of
of caves of which about 400 miles the global symbols of
have been explored. I found it really just how fragile nature
impressive, and some of the rock can be. There’s no
formations are incredible. If I’d doubt that the reef is
known more about the history before something we have to
going, I’d have got more out of it. Not surprisingly, rocks get a little tedious B Great Barrier Reef preserve very carefully
Marine Park, Australia
after a while without a context, and unlike other national parks, there isn’t for future generations.
a great deal of wildlife. It all seemed rather laid on for visitors, so it was a The diversity of life in the area is breathtaking! I had
relief to go on a ‘wild’ tour, which takes you to some of the less-developed an exciting opportunity to help out with a team of
parts of the cave system. Crawling in small spaces in mud you can get marine scientists to see what effect human activity is
a real sense of what it must have been like for the early explorers. Local having on the reef. The area is divided up into zones
legends say that wanted criminals used to hide in the caves! and there are limits on different activities within each
zone. This minimises the impact of some activities,
such as diving, while still allowing people to enjoy the
stunning natural beauty of the reef. If we had done
Nakaaya Kikwete
something like that years ago, the reef would be in a
The Serengeti National Park is world much better state now! Unfortunately, past mistakes
famous for the fact that one and a half and a changing climate mean that parts of the reef
million wildebeest migrate 600 miles are struggling to recover. Let’s hope we can improve
every year in search of fresh grass and its cultivation for the future.
water. For me, it was an epic sight, and
the struggle of the wildebeest to survive C Serengeti National
Park, Tanzania
in dangerous conditions (the rivers
are full of crocodiles!) reminded me Manuel Garcia
of the daily struggle to survive that many people in my country face.
Tikal is an amazing place with over 3,000 buildings
To my mind, national parks are there not only for the conservation of
from the Mayan civilisation! From about 900 BC to
wildlife, but to inspire us to lead better lives. If you visited my country,
900 AD, a major city of 100,000 people developed
you would see fantastic scenery and great natural beauty alongside
and you can still visit the ruins. The park is also home
difficult living conditions. It’s vital that we explore ways in which our
to jaguars and other animals. I visited with my class,
society can develop at the same time as preserving the spectacular
and it was awesome to think we were walking in the
natural resources we have. We can’t encourage one at the expense of
footsteps of people from so long ago! The temples
the other.
were very striking, but it was the courts for ball games
that really stuck with me. It gave us some insight into
what their lives were like.
Tikal National Park,
D Guatemala It’s fascinating to think
4 2.13 For each question, choose from the that they played sport
people A−D. The people may be chosen more just like us! We often
than once. look at constructions and
monuments and think they
represent what a culture
Which person was like, but my own view
thinks that parks have a function is that it’s the ordinary
beyond the preservation of animals aspects of everyday life
and monuments? 1 that tell us a lot more.
visited a place that is seen as a good
example of problems faced by nature? 2
found a connection with the past through
everyday experiences? 3
thinks they should have found out more 5 Find these words and phrases in the article.
before visiting? 4 Work out what they mean from the context.
was impressed by the range of different
5 fragile (adj) | insight (n) | inspire (v)
creatures in the park?
visited a place that preserves both wild laid on (phr v) | minimise (v) | preserve (v)
creatures and a way of life? 6 striking (adj) | tedious (adj)
preferred to see a side of the place that
most tourists don’t see? 7
thinks that important buildings don’t tell
the complete story of people’s lives? 8
thinks we should have done things THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN | ME
differently in the past? 9
draws a parallel between the natural Think about a national park in your country. How does
world and human society? 10 it compare to those in the text? Tell the class about it.
▶ Workbook Unit 8: Reading, pages 60–61, exercises 1, 2, 3 81
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Third Conditionals
Put in the correct third conditional verb form:
1. If you ______________ (not / be) late, we ______________ (not / miss) the
bus.
2. If she ______________ (study), she ______________ (pass) the exam.
3. If we ______________ (arrive) earlier, we ______________ (see) John.
4. If they ______________ (go) to bed early, they ______________ (not / wake)
up late.
5. If he ______________ (become) a musician, he ______________ (record) a
CD.
6. If she ______________ (go) to art school, she ______________ (become) a
painter.
7. If I ______________ (be) born in a different country, I ______________
(learn) to speak a different language.
8. If she ______________ (go) to university, she ______________ (study)
French.
9. If we ______________ (not / go) to the party, we ______________ (not /
meet) them.
10. If he ______________ (take) the job, he ______________ (not / go) travelling.
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11. He ______________ (be) happier if he ______________ (stay) at home.
12. She ______________ (pass) the exam if she ______________ (study) harder.
13. We ______________ (not / get) married if we ______________ (not / go) to
the same university.
14. They ______________ (be) late if they ______________ (not / take) a taxi.
15. She ______________ (not / meet) him if she ______________ (not / come) to
London.
16. He ______________ (take) a taxi if he ______________ (have) enough
money.
17. I ______________ (call) you if I ______________ (not / forget) my phone.
18. We ______________ (come) if we ______________ (be) invited.
19. She ______________ (not / do) it if she ______________ (know) you were ill.
20. He ______________ (be) on time if he ______________ (leave) earlier.
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