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Reasoning The names, Harvinder, Sukhwinder, Gurinder etc. are

BLOOD RELATIONSHIP used for both the sexes in the Punjabi community.
There are certain other names which are used for
Questions on Blood Relationship are related to our day
both the sexes all over the country. For example, Suman,
to day life. We are bound by our kith and kin through a
Kamal etc.
chain of relationships. The examiner defines the simple
The list given below is quite helpful in recognising some
relationships by using rather complicated set of definitions
indirect relationships:
and expects from us to comprehend these definitions rather
quickly. In order to solve these problems, analyse the given Father's or mother's son Brother
statements carefully and systematically. For examples : Father's or mother's daughter Sister
(i) My father's only child means I (Myself). Father's or mother's brother Uncle
(ii) Ritu's husband's father-in-law's only daughter means Father's or mother's sister Aunt *
Father's or mother's mother Grandmother
Father's or mother's father Grandfather
Ritu (Herself).
Son's wife Daughter-in-law
Husband's or wife's sister Sister-in-law
Pay particular attention to the information given in the Brother's or Sister's son Nephew
question itself without your personal biases and pre- Brothers daughter Niece
conceived notions and assumptions coming to the fore. Aunt's or Uncle's son or daughter Cousin
Questions on Blood Relationship can be solved by any of Sister's husband Brother-in-law
the following methods: Brother's wife Sister-in-law
(i) Deduction Method and Grandfather's or Grandmother's son Father or Uncle
(ii) Pictorial Method
Grandfather's or Grandmother's only Mother
While attempting questions on Blood Relationship, first
daughter-in-law (or daughter)
read all the pieces of information as quickly as possible
Grandfather's or Grandmother's Mother or Aunt
and then point out the two persons between whom
relationship is to be established. Finally, try to co-relate daughter-in-law
the given relationships. While concluding relationship Only son of Grandfather (Paternal) Father
between two persons be careful about the sexes of the Only daughter of Grandfather
persons involved. Majority of the students tend to define (Maternal) Mother
or derive relationship without caring for sex of the persons. Uncle's wife Aunt
Is it possible to define relationship between two persons Father of father or mother Grandfather
without knowing their sex? Consider the following Mother of father or mother Grandmother
illustration: Father of Grandfather or Great
A is the child of P and Q. Grandmother Grandfather
From this statement can we conclude that P is the Mother of Grandfather or Great
father of A. No, it is not possible. Without knowing the sex Grandmother Grandmother
of either P or Q, it is not possible to conclude that P is the Only Daughter-in-law of Grandfather Mother
father of A. What we can conclude from the above statement (Paternal)
is that'P and Q are parents of A. Wife of Father Mother
Thus, we see that the knowledge about the sex of Husband of Mother Father
persons is necessary to conclude relationship between the
two persons. The questions on Blood Relationship are asked in
Some Important Tips: various formats but substantially there is no difference
(i) First of all choose the two persons, between whom between them. However, consider the pattern of the question
relationship is to be established. we are obliged to discuss them separately.
' (ii) Next, pin-point the intermediate relationship i.e., TYPR-I
such relationship through which long drawn relationship Ex.l. Pointing to a man, a woman said, "His mother is
can be established between the required persons. the only daughter of my mother". How is the woman
(iii) Finally, conclude the relationship directly between related to man?
the two persons as per the requirement of the question. (1) Mother (2) Grandmother
(iv) From a particular name we cannot ascertain the (3) Sister (4) Daughter
sex (gender) of that person. The name does not always (5) None of these
show the gender beyond reasonable doubt.
For example, we often hear the same name for male
and female in the Punjabi community.

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Ex.2. Pointing to a man, a woman said, "His mother is Therefore, the woman in question is the mother of
the daughter of my mother's only daughter, How man in the photograph.
is the man related to that woman?
(l)Son (2) Father
PICTORIAL METHOD
(3) Brother (4) Grandson
(5) None of these
Ex.3. Pointing towards Waman, Madhav said "I am the
only son of his father's one of the sons". How
Waman is related to Madhav?
(1) Nephew (2) Uncle
(3) Either father or uncle
(4) Father (5) None of these
Ex.4. Pointing to a man in the photograph, a woman
said, "He is the only son of my mother's father".
How is the woman related to the man in the pho-
tograph?
(1) Niece (2) Sister
(3) Mother (4) Daughter
(5) None of these
Ex.5. Pointing to a gentleman, Deepak said, "His only 2. (4) The two persons between whom relationship has
brother is the father of my daughter's father", How to be established.
is the gentleman related to Deepak?
(1) Father (2) Grandfather My (Woman's) mother's only daughter means the
(3) Uncle (4) Brother-in-law woman herself. Woman's daughter is the mother of
(5) None of these man in question. Therefore, the woman (speaker) is
Ex.6. Pointing towards Neeru, Asha said, "I am the only the grandmother of the man.
daughter of her mother's son". How is Neeru re-
Thus, man is the grandson of the woman (speaker).
lated to Asha?
(l)Aunt ' (2) Cousin
(3) Niece (4) Mother
(5) None of these
Ex. 7. If Neha says, "Amruta's father Raj is the only son
of my father-in-law, Mahesh"; then how Bindu,
who is sister of Amruta, is related to Mahesh?
(1) Daughter (2) Wife
(3) Daughter-in-law (4) Niece
(5) None of these
Ex.8. Pointing towards a photograph of a girl, Rajan said,
"She has no sisters or daughters but her mother
is the only daughter of my mother". How is the
girl in the photograph related to Rajan's mother?
(1) Sister-in-Law (2) Granddaughter
(3) Daughter-in-Law (4) Cannot be determined
(5) None of these 3. (3) The two persons between whom relationship is to
Ex.9. Pointing towards a person in a photograph, Raman be established.
said, "She is the only daughter of the mother of
my brother's sister". How is the person in photo-
Waman's father has more than one son.
graph related to Raman?'
(1) Daughter (2) Sister . Madhav is the only son of one of the sons of Waman's
(3) Wife (4) Cousin father.
(5) None of these Therefore, Waman is either father or uncle of Madhav.
Ex. 10. Pointing to a man in a photograph, a woman said,
"His brother's father is the only son of my grand-
father". How is the woman related to the man in
the photograph?
(1) Sister (2) Mother
(3) Grandmother
(4) Aunt (5) Daughter
ANSWERS WITH EXPLANATION
1. (1) The two persons between whom relationship is to
established

Only daughter of woman's mother means woman (her-

self). Only daughter of woman's mother is the mother
of the man inthe photograph.

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TYPE-Il ANSWERS W I T H EXPLANATION

Ex.1. If A is B's brother, B is C's sister and C is D's
1. (4) A is the brother of B. (A is male)
father, D is A's...
B is sister of C. (B is female)
(1) Brother (2) Sister
C is father of D. (C is male)
(3) Nephew (4) Cannot be determined
The sex of D is not known.
(5) None of these
A and C are brothers of B.
Ex.2. P is brother of Q. R is the sister of Q. How P is
A is the uncle of D.
related to R?
Since, sex of D is not clear, we cannot determine what
(1) Brother (2) Sister is D to A.
(3) Uncle (4) Data inadequate 2. (1) P is brother of Q. (P is male)
(5) None of these R is sister of Q. (R is female)
Ex.3. Aparna's mother is the daughter of Vishnu's sis- Therefore, P is the brother of R.
ter. How is Vishnu's mother related to Aparna's 3. (4) Aparna's mother is the daughter of Vishnu's sister.
mother? Therefore, Vishnu's mother is the grandmother of Apar-
(1) Mother (2) Daughter na's mother.
(3) Sister (4) Grandmother
PICTORIAL METHOD
(5) None of these
Ex.4. Q's mother is sister of P and dauhter of M. S is
daughter of P and sister of T. How is M related to
T?
(1) Father (2) Grandfather
(3) Grandmother
(4) Either grandfather of grandmother
(5) None of these
Ex.5. Ankit is the son of Zubin. Manju is the daughter
of Anil. Sheela is the mother of Manju. Mohan is
the brother of Manju. How is Mohan related to 4. (4) Q's mother is sister of P. (Sex of P is not clear).
Sheela? Q's mother is daughter of M. (Sex of M is not clear).
(1) Brother (2) Father S is daughter of P and sister of T. (The sex of P and T
(3) Son (4) Cannot be determined is not clear)
(5) None of these M's Children : Q's mother and P.
Ex.6. Prakash is the son of Pramod. Neha is the daugh- P's children : S (female) and T.
ter of Abhishek. Ruchi is the mother of Neha. Therefore, M is either grandfather or grandmother of
Awadhesh is the brother of Neha. How is T.
Awadhesh related to Ruchi? 5. (3) Manju is the daughter of Anil. '
(1) Brother (2) Father Sheela is the mother of Manju.
(3) Son (4) Cannot be determined Therefore, Mohan is the son of Sheela.
(5) None of these 6. (3) Neha is the daughter of Abhishek and Ruchi.
Directions (7-10) : Study the following information Abhiskek and Ruchi are husband and wife respec-
carefully and answer the questions given below : tively.
Five persons are sitting around dinning table. - K, L, Awadhesh is the brother of Neha and hence, he is the
M, N and O - K is the mother of M, who is the wife of O. N son of Abhishek and Ruchi.
is the brother of K and L is the husband of K. (7-10) : K is the mother of M. M is the wife of O.
Ex.7. How is L related to O? So, K is the mother-in-law of O, who is the husband
(1) Father (2) Mother-in-law of M.
(3) Brother-in-law (4) Father-in-law N is the brother of K. L is the husband of K
(5) Niece Therefore, N is the brother-in-law of L.
Ex.8. How is K related to O? L is the father-in-law of O.
(1) Sister (2) Mother M is the daughter of L and K.
(3) Mother-in-law (4) Brother-in-law PICTORIAL METHOD
(5) Aunt Husband-
Ex.9. How is N related to L?
(l)Son (2) Cousin
(3) Brother (4) Brother-in-law
(5) Uncle
Ex.10. How is M related to L ?
(l)Aunt (2) Niece
(3) Daughter (4) Daughter-in-law
(5) Mother

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Directions (1-5) : In each of the 12. Whisk away Look at the sentence :
following questions, choose the word (1) take somebody somwhere He developed complications after
which expresses nearly the same quickly a surgery.
meaning to the word printed in bold ( 2 ) beat somebody Its antonym should be easiness.
at the question place. (3) embrace 7. (4) The word constriction (Noun)
1. Deteriorate (4) whistle-stop means : becoming tighter or nar-
(1) to become better 13. Carry out rower; limitation; restriction.
(1) to do and complete a task Look at the sentence :
(2) to become worse
( 2 ) to leave a task He is suffering from throat con-
(3) determinate (4) devalue
(3) to win striction and can swallow hard.
2. Susceptible
(4) to be in love T h e word relaxation (Noun)
(1) likely to be harmed means : the act of making some
14. Trigger off
(2) suspicion (1) to make something neater form of control less strict or se-
(3) surplus (2) act of cutting vere; making something become
(4) unimpressionable (3) to make something happen less tight or stiff.
3. Compression suddenly 8. ( 2 ) The word Fatal (Adjective)
(1) compunction (4) trick somebody means : causing or ending in
(2) computation 15. Bulge out death; causing disaster, lethal;
(3) pressure (1) irregular swelling deadly.
(4) compulsive (2) to be empty Look at the sentence :
4. Obese (3) to punish If he gets ill again, it could prove
(4) carry out fatal.
(1) very weak
Its antonym should be life sav-
(2) very strong
(3) very thin
EXPLANATIONS ing.
1. (2) The word Deteriorate (Verb) 9. (4) The word superficial (Adjec-
(4) very fat tive) means: not studying or look-
means : to become worse, decline
5. Dehydration ing at something thoroughly; of or
degenerate.
(1) loses of water Look at the sentence : on the surface of something; shal-
(2) gain of water His health deteriorated rapidly and low.
(3) degrading (4) degeneration he died shortly afterwards. Look at the sentence :
Directions (6-10): In each of the 2. (1) The word Susceptible (Adjec- Superficial veins are damaged
following questions, choose the word tive) means : Very likely to be in- when crashed.
opposite in meaning to the word print- fluenced, harmed or affected by Its antonym should be deep.
ed in bold at the question place. somebody/something: easily infiu 10. ( 2 ) The word contraction (Noun)
6. Complication enced by feelings and emotions; means : the process of becoming
(1) complex (2) problem impressionable: responsive. smaller; a short form of a word; a i

Look at the sentences : sudden and painful contracting of

(3) easiness (4) completion
Salt intake may lead to raised blood muscles.
7. Constriction pressure in susceptible adults. Its antonym should be expansion.
(1) tightness (2) narrowness He is highly susceptible to flattery. 11. ( 2 ) Phrase touch down means : to
(3) restriction (4) relaxation 3. (3) The word Compression (Noun) land (of plane).
8. Fatal means : pressure; to be pressed 12. (1) Phrase whisk away means: to
(1) causing death or squeezed to bring together; con- take somebody/something very
(2) life saving densation; reduction of something quickly and suddenly.
(3) very fat (4) disastrous to fit it into a smaller space. Look at the sentence :
Look at the sentence:
9. Superficial T h e waiter whisked away the
Her lips became a thin line under plates before we had finished.
(1) shallow (2) true
compression. 13. (l) Phrase carry out means : to
(3) on the surface 4. (4) The word Obese (Adjective)
(4) deep do and complete a task.
means ; very fat, in a way that is
10. Contraction ' Look at the sentence :
not healthy,
Extensive tests have been carried
(1) shrinkage (2) expansion 5. (1) The word Dehydration (Noun)
means : removal of water from out on the patient.
(3) contractor (4) contradiction
something especially food; loss of 14. (3) Phrase trigger off means: to
Directions (11-15): Choose the
water from your body. make something happen sudden-
correct meaning of the following idi-
Look at the sentence : ly; set off.
oms/phrases out of the four alterna-
One. should drink lots of water to Look at the sentence :
tives.
avoid dehydration. Nuts can trigger off a violent al-
11. Touchdown
6. (3) T h e w o r d C o m p l i c a t i o n lergic reaction.
(1) make something begin 15. (1) Phrase bulge out means: to be
(Noun) means : a thing that makes
' (2) land completely full arid stick out from
a situation more difficult: illness
(3) improve some tiling that makes treatment of a previ- something in a round shape; ir-
(4) grope ous one more difficult. regular swelling.

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Directions (1-5) : In each of the 12. Whisk away Look at the sentence :
following questions, choose the word (1) take somebody somwhere He developed complications after
which expresses nearly the same quickly a surgery.
meaning to the word printed in bold ( 2 ) beat somebody Its antonym should be easiness.
at the question place. (3) embrace 7. (4) The word constriction (Noun)
1. Deteriorate (4) whistle-stop means : becoming tighter or nar-
(1) to become better 13. Carry out rower; limitation; restriction.
(1) to do and complete a task Look at the sentence :
(2) to become worse
( 2 ) to leave a task He is suffering from throat con-
(3) determinate (4) devalue
(3) to win striction and can swallow hard.
2. Susceptible
(4) to be in love T h e word relaxation (Noun)
(1) likely to be harmed means : the act of making some
14. Trigger off
(2) suspicion (1) to make something neater form of control less strict or se-
(3) surplus (2) act of cutting vere; making something become
(4) unimpressionable (3) to make something happen less tight or stiff.
3. Compression suddenly 8. ( 2 ) The word Fatal (Adjective)
(1) compunction (4) trick somebody means : causing or ending in
(2) computation 15. Bulge out death; causing disaster, lethal;
(3) pressure (1) irregular swelling deadly.
(4) compulsive (2) to be empty Look at the sentence :
4. Obese (3) to punish If he gets ill again, it could prove
(4) carry out fatal.
(1) very weak
Its antonym should be life sav-
(2) very strong
(3) very thin
EXPLANATIONS ing.
1. (2) The word Deteriorate (Verb) 9. (4) The word superficial (Adjec-
(4) very fat tive) means: not studying or look-
means : to become worse, decline
5. Dehydration ing at something thoroughly; of or
degenerate.
(1) loses of water Look at the sentence : on the surface of something; shal-
(2) gain of water His health deteriorated rapidly and low.
(3) degrading (4) degeneration he died shortly afterwards. Look at the sentence :
Directions (6-10): In each of the 2. (1) The word Susceptible (Adjec- Superficial veins are damaged
following questions, choose the word tive) means : Very likely to be in- when crashed.
opposite in meaning to the word print- fluenced, harmed or affected by Its antonym should be deep.
ed in bold at the question place. somebody/something: easily infiu 10. ( 2 ) The word contraction (Noun)
6. Complication enced by feelings and emotions; means : the process of becoming
(1) complex (2) problem impressionable: responsive. smaller; a short form of a word; a i

Look at the sentences : sudden and painful contracting of

(3) easiness (4) completion
Salt intake may lead to raised blood muscles.
7. Constriction pressure in susceptible adults. Its antonym should be expansion.
(1) tightness (2) narrowness He is highly susceptible to flattery. 11. ( 2 ) Phrase touch down means : to
(3) restriction (4) relaxation 3. (3) The word Compression (Noun) land (of plane).
8. Fatal means : pressure; to be pressed 12. (1) Phrase whisk away means: to
(1) causing death or squeezed to bring together; con- take somebody/something very
(2) life saving densation; reduction of something quickly and suddenly.
(3) very fat (4) disastrous to fit it into a smaller space. Look at the sentence :
Look at the sentence:
9. Superficial T h e waiter whisked away the
Her lips became a thin line under plates before we had finished.
(1) shallow (2) true
compression. 13. ( l j Phrase carry out means : to
(3) on the surface 4. (4) The word Obese (Adjective)
(4) deep do and complete a task.
means ; very fat, in a way that is
10. Contraction ' Look at the sentence :
not healthy,
Extensive tests have been carried
(1) shrinkage (2) expansion 5. (1) The word Dehydration (Noun)
means : removal of water from out on the patient.
(3) contractor (4) contradiction
something especially food; loss of 14. (3) Phrase trigger off means: to
Directions (11-15): Choose the
water from your body. make something happen sudden-
correct meaning of the following idi-
Look at the sentence : ly; set off.
oms/phrases out of the four alterna-
One. should drink lots of water to Look at the sentence :
tives.
avoid dehydration. Nuts can trigger off a violent al-
11. Touchdown
6. (3) T h e w o r d C o m p l i c a t i o n lergic reaction.
(1) make something begin 15. (1) Phrase bulge out means: to be
(Noun) means : a thing that makes
' (2) land completely full arid stick out from
a situation more difficult: illness
(3) improve some tiling that makes treatment of a previ- something in a round shape; ir-
(4) grope ous one more difficult. regular swelling.

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