ISP Uppsala Universitet

Deadline Box 549

SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
IPPS 20 August 2018 Fax +46184713495
IPICS 2 September 2018 isp@isp.uu.se

I
Grant application for 2019-2021 I

Research groups and scientific networks

The application should be submitted as email attachment with a scanned/photographed copy of the
signed page. Enclosures have to be attached as well. Read the separate document Guidelines for
Enclosures and Budget for more information. The blue underlinedwords in this document will
provide you with specific instructions when you hover your mouse over them.

Program Activity code: Lao : 01

Chemistry ☐
Mathematics ☐
Physics
Applicant (Research group leader/Network coordinator: title, given name, family name)
Viengthong Xayavong, MS.c. and Sounthone Singsoupho, Ph.D.
Address
Department/unit:Geophysics Unit
University/institute: National University of Laos
Street (visiting address):
P.O Box number: 7322 Post/zip code:
City: Vientiane Country: Laos
E-mail address(es):viengthongxv@gmail.com; singsoupho@yahoo.com
Website:
Telephone and telefax
Office Home Mobile Fax
(856-21) 770173 (856-20) 56100851 (856-21) 770173
Name of Research Group/Network
City: Vientiane
Approved by the Department: ………………………………………………………/ Date: 15 August 2018

Summary of budget request (SEK) 2019 2020 2021 Total

Equipment/spare parts/service 40,992.00 19,856 19,855.50 673,206.00
Consumables/literature/field work 264,160.50 264,160.5 264,160.5 569,839.00
Conferences/workshops 19,398.00 32,208.00 51,606.00
Exchange visits by cooperating scientists 10,522.5 10,522.5 10,522.5 101,954.40
Fellowships for training: North-South
South-South 36,142.5 32,940 36,142.5 203,757.60
Support to students
Network’s administration costs
Total 351,817.50 346,877.00 362,889.00 1,061,583.50
The following enclosures are submitted Yes / No City:Vientiane
1) Research plan/network program Yes Date: 15 August 2018
2) Logical Framework Matrix
3) Fellowship application(s)
4) Applicant’s CV No
5) Activity report for the previous grant period No
6) Publications/Theses/Abstracts Yes
7) Other (Specify:…………………………………………..........)

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1. Summary of proposed research/network activity (Research plan/Network program)

(Full details should be given in Enclosure 1 Please, carefully read and follow guidelines)

a) Give an overview of objectives, planned outputs and expected outcomes

Provide a summary of objectives, planned outputs and expected outcomes based on what is
given in Enclosure 1 (Sections a – c), and formalized in the Logical Framework Matrix in
Enclosure 2. Provide your answers under the below headings.

Overall objective(impact) and relevance of the activity:

Subsurface structure and groundwater monitoring at potash mine sites in Thakhek and
Vientiane basins, Laos using geophysical techniques
The objective of this work is to:
o Define boundary and flow direction of waste contaminated in groundwater
surrounding the potash mines in Thakhek and Vientiane basins using geophysical
measurements, geochemical analysis and spatial analysis (GIS).
o Construct key wells to monitoring water quality surrounding potash mines.
o Model subsurface structure of collapsed area in Thakhek basin, Thakhek District,
Khammoune Province.

Expected Outcomes of the research

This research is give us boundary of contamination of waste contaminated in
groundwater surrounding potash mining areas in Vientiane and Khammoune basins, central
part of Laos. This data provides monitoring zones to people using groundwater for drinking
and using in household living surround the potash mines. This study could be also providing
structural subsurface near collapsible soil at the potash mines sites. The scientific report will
give government sectors such Ministry of Natural resources and Ministry of Mines, Lao PDR.
The data is going to be published in international journals as least 2 articles.

Application of Geophysical Exploration Methods for Groundwater Investigation: Case

Study of Vientiane, Savannakhet and Champasack Provinces

The main aims of this research work are to:

o Assess of groundwater conditions in the study area such as determine depth to

groundwater table/aquifers and delineate fresh and saline groundwater due to salt
affected groundwater.
o Spatially identify the locations of better and poorer quality groundwater in the
different aquifer systems.
o Construct of wells in order to confirm geophysical results and for future water supply
for the target communities and maintenance status of existing wells in the study
area.
o Establish of groundwater potential map provide as a reference for future researchers
who are interested in this field in the study sites

Expected Outcomes of the research

o The results obtained from this research work will be useful for assessment of
groundwater conditions in the study areas.

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o Construction of wells for future water supply for the target communities and
maintenance status of existing wells in the study area.
o The research work is expected to provide as a reference for future researchers who
are interested in this field in the study sites.
o Demonstrate the benefits of using surface geophysics for identifying groundwater
resource conditions in three provinces and provide scoping opportunities for
future, large-scale investigations (e.g. magnetic resonance sounding and other new
geophysics techniques).

- Graduations:
- Dissemination (publications/conference contributions, etc.):
- The data are going to be published in international journals at least 4 articles
- Scientific exchange:
- We can get new knowledge and experiences among professors from both region and
international.
- Interactions with government and society:
o The results from groundwater project will be provided information in term of
groundwater potential mapping and conditions in Vientiane, Svanakhet and Champasak
Province, Laos.
o This data provides monitoring zones to villagers using groundwater for drinking and using
in household living surround the potash mines. This study could be also providing
structural subsurface near collapsible soil at the potash mines sites.
o The scientific report will give government sectors such Ministry of Natural resources and
Ministry of Mines, Lao PDR.

b) Give a summary of the research plan/network program

Give a maximum half a page summary of the proposed activity with emphasis on the
research plan, sufficiently concrete and informative to give the reader a fair understanding of
which research questions are addressed, including the methodology, and the hypotheses to
be tested. Please note that this is a summary of Enclosure 1, Sections a - e.

Summary Project: Subsurface structure and groundwater monitoring and at potash

mine sites in Thakhek and Vientiane basins, Laos using geophysical techniques

The potash mines are exploited to obtain potassium salts including (silvite and
carnallite) that are the most important components of mainly agricultural fertilizers;
therefore it is an essential plant nutrient. Annual potash production capacity increases
globally from 52 million tons in 2015 to 61 million tons in 2019 (Ober, 2016). In Laos, current
potash mines are also widely increasing of number of mines and capacity production. The
potash mines are mainly located in the central part of Laos (the Vientiane and Thakhek
basins (Vilayhong, 2013). In the Vientiane basin, there are 4 localities of potash mining
operated by Sino-Lao Potash Mining Co., Ltd and SinoHydro Mining (Lao) Co., Ltd. In Thakhek
basin, Khammoune Province, there are 3 sites of potash mining invested by Jiaxi Lao Co., Ltd
(China), Shichuan Kaiyuan Minning Co. Ltd (China) and VINACHEM (Vietnam).
However, the potash mining activities are also impact for environments. The waste
from mining processes and wastes stored in impoundments around the mines often

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permeates into groundwater and enter nearby streams/rivers, increasing their salt
concentrations. The environment impact of potash mine tailing is not only water salinity but
also high concentration of conductivity, NaCl (Bian et al., 2012), Cl, Na, K, Mg, heavy metal as
well (Otero and Soler, 2002). The potash mines are disturbed subsurface structure that
causes collapsible soil. In July, 2018, near potash mining, Lao-Kaiyuan Minning Co. Ltd, in
Thakhek District, Khammoune Province, there was a collapsed soil at rice farm of villager
(Phetdala, 2018). This event is the third times of collapsed soil in this area. The geologists
expect that the collapsible soil was probably resulted from potash mining activities. The
Departments of Mineral Resource, Ministry of Natural Resource, Lao PDR need to examine
subsurface structure at the collapsed soil areas (Thakhek basin, Thakhek District,
Khammoune Province) and need define boundary of waste contaminated in groundwater
from the potash mine in both Thakhek and Vientiane basins. Therefore, geophysical
techniques are important role to solve the problems. The geophysical measurements such
geolectrical and seismic methods can applied to defined subsurface structure and define
salinity/contaminated boundary of the groundwater. In addition, to define in term of water
quality analysis from water wells, geochemistry is also applied. The monitoring borehole test
site is necessary for confirmation of geophysical interpretation.
Purpose of this research project is t to define boundary and flow direction of waste
contaminated in groundwater surrounding the potash mines in Thakhek and Vientiane basins
using geophysical measurements, geochemical analysis and spatial analysis (GIS), construct
key wells to monitoring water quality surrounding potash mines, and model subsurface
structure of collapsed area in Thakhek basin, Thakhek District, Khammoune Province

Sumary Project: Application of Geophysical Exploration Methods for Groundwater

Investigation: Case Study of Vientiane, Savannakhet and Champasack Provinces.

Groundwater is one of one the major sources of water drinking in Laos for both urban and
rural areas, only 60% of the urban and 51% of the rural population had direct access to water
supply in 1998 (UNESCO, 2003), particularly in plateaus located far from surface water such as
the south and the west of Champasack province, as well as large areas in the country that do not
have perennial rivers, even in places situated in the Vientiane Plains, is normally considered to
have plentiful surface water. Demand of groundwater usage has been increasing food security in
regions such as Savannakhet province, by increasing the number of crops per year. Whereas,
groundwater information is limited and monitoring and evaluation activities regarding quantity
and quality of groundwater have not yet been carried out to any significant degree, dug wells are
not biologically safe sources and usually dry out during the dry season, and water-borne diseases
caused by infiltrations of domestic waste and from farm animal (Medlicot, 2001; Takayanagi,
1993), for example: total 118 deep wells were drilled and evaluated in Vientiane Province by
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). 60% of the wells were not used for dinking due to
bad water quality or maintenance problem (JICA, 2000). In addition, over 100 boreholes were
drilled in Savannakhet province, with the success rate of 50-60%, and about 50 boreholes have
been selected for production wells (Knudsen et al., 2004).

The lack of water is still the main problem in three study areas because economic and
population is growing, which associated with trend of increasing water demand, and there are no

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mechanisms for data collection, compilation and storage, no protocols or entities tasked with the
implementation of new groundwater resources, no unit responsible for strategic planning, and
virtually no coherent regulatory framework for groundwater usage and monitoring. Therefore, it is
necessary to conduct geophysical survey in order to delineate locations of fresh and saline water
zones for planning to drill wells in the future in the study areas. The most common methods for
groundwater studies based on 2D electrical resistivity, this method can estimate for the groundwater
quality (i.e. salt content) but for deeper targets 1D resistivity, self potential and seismic methods can
be very useful by reason of poor resolution of the 2D resistivity method.

Geophysics exploration techniques can provide the appropriate tools to achieve the main
objectives by improving our understanding and conceptualization of the hydrogeological system of
the study areas and hence can significantly contribute to the humanitarian goal of this work. Results
from this work will directly support the activities that were initiated through the ACIAR project
conducted by two key government agencies, namely the Department of Water Resources (DWR) and
Natural Resources & Environment Institute (NREI), both within the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment. NREI are developing a numerical groundwater model for the Vientiane province to
support decision making. DWR are formulating a groundwater management plan for the upper
Vientiane province supported by the numerical model, and multi-level/sector stakeholder
engagement and regulatory development. This project will be its contribution to improving
sustainable agricultural production and water supply from groundwater resources on the three areas
by increasing the scientific understanding of the resource and the necessary measures required to
ensure its longevity. Communities in urban areas represent another set of beneficiaries as they are
also dependent exclusively upon groundwater for their drinking supplies.

This research is Assess of groundwater conditions in the study area such as determine depth
to groundwater table/aquifers and delineate fresh and saline groundwater due to salt affected
groundwater. Spatially identify the locations of better and poorer quality groundwater in the
different aquifer systems. Construct of wells in order to confirm geophysical results and for future
water supply for the target communities and maintenance status of existing wells in the study area.
Establish of groundwater potential map provide as a reference for future researchers who are
interested in this field in the study sites

c) Give a summary of the postgraduate education plan

Give a maximum half a page summary of the proposed activity with emphasis on the
education plan. Please note that this is a summary of Enclosure 1, Section i.

d) Give a summary of the gender perspective on the research and education plans
Summarize the information given on gender balance as well as strategies and measures to
achieve gender balance given in Enclosure 1, section f. Provide your answers under the
below headings.

Comment on the current gender balance in perspective of previous years efforts:

Reasons for current gender distribution:

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Planned strategy to achieve gender balance (if not already the case):

Concrete measurements to achieve gender balance:

e) Provide a number of keywords

Keywords:
Subsurface structure, potash mines, Thakhek basin, Vientiane basin, groundwater
contamination.

Groundwater, resistivity, self-potential, seismic, Vientiane, Savanakhet, Champasak, Lao PDR,

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3. Specifications of costs 2019-2021 (Please, carefully read and follow guidelines for Budget,
and – if applicable – conditions and instructions for Research Groups’ overhead costs)

3a) Specification of costs in 2019

Specification of Costs in 2016 Costs (SEK) Total (SEK)

Equipment/spare parts/service: 40,922.00
Sounthone’s Project
- PC computer for install geophysical software: 1set x 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575
- Non polarized electrodes: 4 sets x 250$ x 9.15SEK 9,150
- Copper sulfate for non-polarized electrodes 10 set x 80$ x 9.15SEK 7,320
Viengthong’s Project:
- Materials of computer (CDs, ink, etc.): 1set x 200$ x 9.15SEK 1,830
- Measuring tape: 6 sets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,647
- Car battery for ABEM SAS 1000 1 set x 100$ x 9.15SEK 915
- Water level indicators, 50 m cable: 1 set x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 6,405
-Pump for pilot wells: 2 set x 400$ x 9.15SEK 9,150
Consumables/literature/field work:
Sounthone’s project: 264,160.50
- Books/journals/: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Geological map 1sheets x 60$ x 9.15SEK 549
- Topography map: 1 sheets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 274.50
- Water quality analysis 10 samples x 150$ x 9.15SEK
§ VES and SP Data acquisition: 21,960
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 5,490
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
- Car rental 20days x 120$ x 9.15SEK
§ 2D ERT and Seismic Data acquisition: 16,470
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.50
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
- Car rental 15days x 120$ x 9.15SEK
§ Drilling Test:
- Drilling monitoring well (50m): 3 set x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 18,300
- Subsistence and accommodation: 2 people x 6days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,392
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 6days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,098
- Car rental 6days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 4,392
- Pump for pilot wells: 1setx 350$ x 9.15SEK

Viengthong’s project:
- Books/journals/: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Geological map 1sheets x 60$ x 9.15SEK 549
- Topography map: 1 sheets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 274.50
§ 1-D and 2D Resistivity and SP Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 5,490

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- Car rental 20days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 21,960

§ 2-D Resistivity and Seismic Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.50
- Car rental 15days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
§ Drilling Test:
- Construction of wells fee and pumping test: 2 set x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 18,300
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 4days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,392
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 4days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,098
- Car rental 4days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 4,392

Conferences/workshops 0 0

Exchange visits by cooperating scientists (Sounthone visit Geophysics

reserach center, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
Visit PSU to process the data and discussion for one week
10,552.5
Sounthone’s Project
Visit PSU to process the data and discussion for one week
Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 7days x 50$ x 9.15SEK 3,202.5
- Lab. fee: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575

Fellowships for training: South-South (Viengthong do PhD in Vietnam): 36,142.5

- Air ticket: 1person x 350$ x 9.15 SEK 3,202.5
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 12month x 250$ x 9.15SEK 27,450
- course fee: 1year x 600$ x 9.15 SEK 5,490
Support to students 0
Network’s administrative costs 0
Audit costs 0
TOTAL 351,817.5
(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

3b) Specifications of costs in 2020

Specification of Costs in 2020 Costs (SEK) Total (SEK)

Equipment/spare parts/service:
Sounthone’s Project:
- Materials of computer (CDs, ink, etc.): 1set x 150$ x 9.15SEK 1,372.5 19,855.50
- Hammers: 4sets x 10$ x 9.15SEK 366
- Copper sulfate for non-polarized electrodes 10 set x 80$ x 9.15SEK 7320
Vienthong’s Project:
- Materials of computer (CDs, ink, etc.): 1set x 200$ x 9.15SEK 1,830
- Measuring tape: 6 sets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,647

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- Car battery for ABEM SAS 1000 1 set x 100$ x 9.15SEK 915
- Pump for pilot wells: 2 set x 350$ x 9.15SEK 6,405
Consumables/literature/field work
Sounthone’s Project: 264,1605.5
Consumables/literature/field work:
- Books/journals/: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Geological map 1sheets x 60$ x 9.15SEK 549
- Topography map: 1 sheets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 274.50
§ VES and SP Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 5,490
- Car rental 20days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
§ 2-D Resistivity and Seismic Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.50
- Car rental 15days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
§ Drilling Test:
- Construction of wells fee and pumping test: 3 sets x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 27,450
- Subsistence and accommodation: 2 people x 6days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 3,294
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 6days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,647
- Car rental 6days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 6,588
- Pump for well 1 set x 350$ x 9.15SEK 3,202.5

Sounthone’s Project:
Consumables/literature/field work:
- Books/journals/: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Geological map 1sheets x 60$ x 9.15SEK 549
- Topography map: 1 sheets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 274.50
§ 1-D and 2D Resistivity and SP Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 5,490
- Car rental 20days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
§ 2-D Resistivity and Seismic Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.50
- Car rental 15days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
§ Drilling Test:
- Construction of wells fee and pumping test: 2 set x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 18,300
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 4days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,392
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 4days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,098
- Car rental 4days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 4,392

Conferences/workshops
(a) To be visited
Sounthone’s Project: 1,464
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 4days x 40$ x 9.15SEK 3,660 19,398.00

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- Conference fee: 400$ x 9.15SEK 4,575

- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK
Vienthong’s Project: 1,464
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 4days x 40$ x 9.15SEK 3,660
- Conference fee: 400$ x 9.15SEK 4,575
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK

Exchange visits by cooperating scientists (Sounthone visit Geophysics

reserach center, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand 10,522.5
Visit PSU to process the data and discussion for one week
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 7days x 50$ x 9.15SEK 3,202.5
- Lab. fee: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575

Fellowships for training/exchange 32,940

Fellowships for training: South-South:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 12month x 250$ x 9.15SEK 27,450
- course fee: 1year x 600$ x 9.15 SEK 5,490
Support to students 0
Network’s administrative costs 0
Audit costs 0

TOTAL 346,877.00
(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

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3c) Specifications of costs in 2021

Specification of Costs in 2021 Costs (SEK) Total (SEK)

Equipment/spare parts/service:
Sounthone’s Project 19,855.5
- Materials of computer (CDs, ink, etc.): 1set x 150$ x 9.15SEK 1,372.5
- Hammers: 4sets x 10$ x 9.15SEK 366
- Copper sulfate for non-polarized electrodes 10 set x 80$ x 9.15SEK 7320
Viengthong’s Project
- Materials of computer (CDs, ink, etc.): 1set x 200$ x 9.15SEK 1,830
- Measuring tape: 6 sets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,647
- Car battery for ABEM SAS 1000 1 set x 100$ x 9.15SEK 915
-Pump for pilot wells: 2 set x 350$ x 9.15SEK 6,405

Consumables/literature/field work: 264,1605.5

Sounthone’s Project:
- Books/journals/: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Geological map 1sheets x 60$ x 9.15SEK 549
- Topography map: 1 sheets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 274.50
§ VES and SP Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 5,490
- Car rental 20days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
§ 2D-ERT and Seismic Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.50
- Car rental 15days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
§ Drilling Test:
- Construction of wells fee and pumping test: 3 sets x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 27,450
- Subsistence and accommodation: 2 people x 6days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 3,294
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 6days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,647
- Car rental 6days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 6,588
- Pump for well 1 set x 350$ x 9.15SEK 3,202.5
Viengthong’s Project:
2,745
Books/journals/: 300$ x 9.15SEK
549
- Geological map 1sheets x 60$ x 9.15SEK
274.50
- Topography map: 1 sheets x 30$ x 9.15SEK
§ 1-D and 2D Resistivity and SP Data acquisition:
21,960
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK
5,490
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK
21,960
- Car rental 20days x 120$ x 9.15SEK
§ 2-D Resistivity and Seismic Data acquisition:
16,470
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK
4,117.50
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK

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- Car rental 15days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 16,470

§ Drilling Test:
- Construction of wells fee and pumping test: 2 set x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 18,300
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 4days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,392
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 4days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,098
- Car rental 4days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 4,392

Conferences/workshops
To be visited:
Sounthone’s project:
1,464
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 4days x 40$ x 9.15SEK
3,660
- Conference fee: 400$ x 9.15SEK
4,575
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK
Viengthong’s project:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 4days x 40$ x 9.15SEK 1,464
- Conference fee: 400$ x 9.15SEK 3,660
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575

To be arranged:
Workshop held by Department of Physics to present the research result
to community/staffs
- Subsistence and accommodation
For NUOL staffs: 15 people x 1days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.5
F or Ministry and local authority staffs: 5 people x 3days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.5
- conference room: 1 set x 100$ x 9.15SEK 915
- coffee break: 20 people x 5$ x 9.15SEK 915
- Lunch: 20 people x 15$ x 9.15SEK 2,745

Exchange visits by cooperating scientists 10,522.5

Sounthone visit PSU to process the data and discussion for one week
Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 7days x 50$ x 9.15SEK 3,202.5
- Lab. fee: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575

Fellowships for training: South-South: 36,142.5

- Air ticket: 1person x 350$ x 9.15 SEK 3,202.5
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 12month x 250$ x 9.15SEK 27,450
- course fee: 1year x 600$ x 9.15 SEK 5,490
Support to students 0
Network’s administrative costs 0
Audit costs 0
TOTAL 338570

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

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3d. Justification of budget items

For each budget item, please write a motivation to justify the need and the cost.

4. Staff and students in the group/network

List staff and students planned to be actively involved in the proposed activity.

a) List staff in the group/network

Staff members who also are active students are to be listed ONLY under students. Networks
list members of Board on Management Committee, node coordinators etc. Note that support
staff (Supp.) comprises all non-academic and undergraduate staff engaged, e.g. laboratory
assistants, technicians, secretaries, etc.
b)

Gender Given name, family name Position held Staff qualifications

F/M / Function1 PhD Other Ac. Supp.
M VienghongXayavong Project Leader MSc
M Sounthone Singsoupho Project Leader PhD
M SackxaySompaserth Member MSc
M TheingsamoneXuansuandao Member MSc
(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

c) List students in the group/network (If already known)

Students to be included should be those that benefit directly of the ISP support (fellowships)
or indirectly by using consumables and equipment provided through the ISP support.

For each student, provide the following information:

1) Gender (female/male; F/M)
2) Full name
3) Target degree (PhD/MPhil/MSc)
4) Starting year on current degree study
5) Tentative title of thesis / subject
6) Expected year of graduation
7) Whether staff member or not
8) a) Local (L) or Sandwich (S) student; b) Direct or Indirect benefit of ISP support (D/I)?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8a 8b
F/M Name Target Start Thesis/Subject Grad Staff L/S D/I
degree year year (Y/N)

1
Indicate deputy leader/coordinator, if applicable

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14(23)
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5. Scientific contacts/cooperation

Indicate which contacts with scientists working in the field of the proposed activities are established
or planned(at your own university/institute, nationally, regionally, or internationally).The present
and expected benefits of these contacts should be further described in the Research description
(Enclosure 1).

a) List already established scientific contacts/collaboration that were engaged in active

collaboration with your research group/network in 2016-2018.

For each collaborator, provide the following:

a) Gender (female/male; F/M)
b) Title
c) Full name
d) Affiliation
e) Country

Gender Title Name Affiliation Country

F/M
M Assoc. Tripob Bhongsuwan, Geophysics Research Center, Dept. of Thailand
Prof. Dr. Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of
Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112,
Thailand.
Tel: +66-7428-8761
Fax: +66-7421-2817
E-mail: tripop.b@psu.ac.th
M Asst. Sawasdee Yordkayhun Geophysics Research Center, Dept. of Thailand
Prof.Dr. Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of
Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112,
Thailand.
Tel: +66-7428-8765
Fax: +66-7421-2817
E-mail: sawasdee.y@psu.ac.th
M Prof. Dr. Sten-Åke Elming Division of Geosciences and Sweden
Environmental Engineering, Department
of Civil, Environmental and Natural
Resources Engineering, Luleå University of
Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
Tel: +46-920-492175
Fax: +46-920-491339
E-mail: Sten-Ake.Elming@ltu.se

M MSc Mr. Bounthong Ministry of Energy and Mines, Lao PDR

Sayavath bounthong.60@gmail.com

a) List scientific contacts for collaboration you intend to establish with your research
group/network in 2019-2021.

For each collaborator, provide the following:

1) Gender (female/male; F/M)
2) Title
3) Full name

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4) Affiliation
5) Country

Gender Title Name Affiliation Country

F/M
M Assoc. Vu Duc Minh Department of Geophysics, Faculty of
Prof. Physics, Vietnam National University,
Dr. Hanoi University of Science
Email: vducminh56@gmail.com

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6. Other funding received (besides from ISP) 2016-2018, and available and foreseen
funding for 2019-2021

Specify other funding obtained in 2016-2018, and other foreseen sources of funding for 2019-2021,
from national as well as from other sources. List each source on a separate row, and give the amount
for each year on separate rows. Estimate the amount in USD (currency conversion can be done at
www.xe.com).

a) Other funding (besides from ISP) obtained in 2016-2018

Source Grant period/ Totalt
mmyy-mmyy Grant,
USD
non

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

b) Other available or foreseen funding for 2019-2021

Source Grant period/ Totalt
mmyy-mmyy Grant,
USD
non

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

7. Main equipment available

a) List relevant facilities and infrastructure available to the group.

For equipment, give type and name of the manufacture of main items and other articles.
Start with your most important equipment. Please, note if the equipment is not
functioning properly and why.

Equipment type, model, and name of manufacturer Year Fully functional, yes/no
acquired If no, indicate why
GPS (Garmin), at NUOL 2 sets 2010 Fully functional
Drilling mechine (Model TANAKA TED-262R, USA), at 2010 Fully functional
NUOL
A rock cutting machine made in PSU, at NUOL 2012 Fully functional
Seismic equipment 2011 Fully functional
Resistivity equipment (ABEM tetrameter SAS 100) 2008 fully functional
Magnetometer G-856 2008 Not fully functional
Software (Res2D/3DINV, etc.) 2008 Fully functional
Other software (Surfer, Grapher,..) ???? Fully functional
(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

b) List below main equipment needed in the near future, with justification.

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8. Environmental impact

Information is required about measures taken to reduce environmental impacts following the Environmental
Impact Assessment for ISP as submitted to Sida in August 2009 (available on request).

a) Indicate which of the following measures your group/network has already implemented to
reduce negative environmental impact.

Does your group/organization: Yes No

A strategy to reduce negative environmental impact caused by travelling and √
transportation?
The use e-meeting techniques? √
A strategy to reduce the use of electric power? √
Considering environment impact criteria in procurement? √
Practicing sorting of waste categories for recycling? √
A system for scrapping decommissioned equipment? √
A management system for chemical and hazardous waste? √
Internal discussion of how any negative environmental impact of your activities can √
be reduced?
Engagement in external activities – in research, dissemination and/or society √
outreach – on how negative environmental impacts may be reduced?

b) Comment on the no-answers in the previous question, if any.

What are the reasons why some measures have not been implemented? Are there plans to
do it in the future? Are there structural obstacles, such as regulations or lack of
regulation/technology, etc.? Also comment on the practicing of measures in general to
reduce negative environmental impact.

9. Summary of results for previous agreement period

Provide a summary of the progress so far in the current agreement period (or latest years for new
applicants). Please note that this is a summary of Enclosure 5.

a) Give a summary of the major achievements in the period, including results of scientific research
activities. Place the achievements and results in relation to the objectives in the original proposal (if
applicable). Not only major changes are interesting, but also small changes that may lead to larger
changes over time.

Also include comments and analysis of:

- How far your group has come in fulfillment of the stated objectives.
- Whether the results achieved were in line with expected/planned outcomes. Motivate your
answer.
- Why, or why not, results have been achieved. Comment on the (limiting or favorable)
conditions for reaching the results.
- What needs to be adjusted in order to increase the likelihood to reach the objectives.

Summary:

There are two main activities: research on groundwater in Laos (MSc. ViengthjongXayavong)
and postgraduate training (Sounthone Singsoupho) focusing on rock magnetism and

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palaeomagnetism of Mesozoic–tertiary rocks in Laos. Moreover, the equipment and materials

supported by ISP have not only provided for research but also used for teaching-learning activities for
Bachelor of Science in geophysics curriculum. Under the ISP support, Geophysics Unit has been
developed step by step. Now, we have officially established new curriculum since 2012. Our staffs
have good knowledge and background on geophysics e.g., teaching and research in geophysics field.
During 5 years ISP support, our staff can graduate Ph.D. degree (Sounthone Singsoupho, Ph.D.)

The research activities can give useful information of groundwater in Laos to communities and
government in order to assess of groundwater conditions, establish plan for groundwater
monitoring, construction of wells for future water supply for the target communities and
maintenance status of existing wells and begin steps for the establishment of central water well
database. Thses results are disseminated in both national and internatinal conference.In term of rock
magnetic and palaeomagnetic studies, we can provide new tectonic model of Indochina Block in SE
Asia and palaeocurrent and original of source rocks of Laos located in the Khorat Plateau. These
results are published in international journals. This is useful tectonic model and geology for
geoscientists to research on geosciences in SE Asia and Asia. Our results are mostly successful
because we have good financial support, good research background, and good collaboration with
foreign Professors in Sweden and Thailand e.g., Prof. Sten Ake Elming and Prof. Tripob Bhongsuwan.

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2) Give a summary of the staff structure, students active and degrees awarding, dissemination,
meetings, outreach, and visits to and from your group/network (scientific exchange)

Staff PhD or equivalent Other academic Technicians

Female Male Female Male Female Male
Number of staff 2018

Students/degrees PhD or equivalent MSc/Mphil/Lic. BSc thesis

Sandw Local Sandw Local students
F M F M F M F M F M
Number of students 2016-2018 22 47
Number of degrees 2016-2018 13 32

Specification of awarded degrees 2016 - June 2018

Gender, First name, Family name, Degree, Title of thesis (full abstract in Enclosure 6)

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

Number of publications/reports

Published
Conference reports

Publications in scientific journals 2016 - June 2018

Author(s) (Year) Title. Journal, ISSN-number, Vol., Pages, DOI2 Was ISP support
Indicate how large a part of the work was performed at home University acknowledged (Yes/No)
(<25%, 25-50%, >50%)

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

List conferences/workshops/courses/meetings organized by you2016 - June 2018

Name of event, Venue, Dates No. of participants

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

2
Digital Object Identifier (www.doi.org) – to be provided if available

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List all contributions by your groupto conferences/workshops/courses/meetings 2016 – June 2018,

including invited lectures at external institutions/organizations.

Presenter, Co-authors, Title of the presentation, Name of event, Venue, Date Form: Invited
oral/poster yes/no

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

Describe any interaction (meetings, participation in committees, etc.) with

government/society/industry/NGOs in the country, in the region or in global conventions, etc.
Including unpublished reports to authorities, media exposure and public lectures etc. Were the outreach
activities on your initiative or by invitation? Give account for any tangible or expected effects of outreach
activities, including possibilities for policy influence.

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

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Number of visits by scientist and fellows from your group 2016- June 2018

To countries in the region To Sweden To other countries

<1 >1 month <1 >1 month <1 >1 month
month month month
No of No of No of No of No of No of
Visits months visits months visits months
Total
(Partly) on ISP money

Specify all visitors from your groupduring2016 - June 2018.

For each visitor, provide the following:

1) Gender (female/male; F/M):

2) Title: Assoc. Prof. Dr.
3) Full name: Tripob Bhongsuwan
4) Visited institute: National University of Laos, Laos.
5) Host of visit: Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
6) Purpose of visit: sample measurement
7) Time period of visit: 20 days
8) Source of funding for visit (ISP or other): ISP

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

Number of visits by scientist and fellows to your group during 2016 - June 2018

To countries in the region To Sweden To other countries

<1 >1 month <1 >1 month <1 >1 month
month month month
No of No of No of No of No of No of
visits months visits months visits months
Total
(Partly) on ISP money

Specify all visitors to your group2016 -June 2018.

For each visitor, provide the following:

(Insert more rows as needed, or just write below the table)

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23(23)
 1

REASEARCH PROPOSAL

Subsurface structure and groundwater monitoring and at potash mine sites in Thakhek
and Vientiane basins, Laos

Researcher: Sounthone Singoupho, Ph.D.

Address: Geophysics unit, Faculty of Natural Science, National University of Laos
Email: singsoupho@yahoo.com

1. BACGROUND AND RATIONAL

The potash mines are exploited to obtain potassium salts including (silvite and
carnallite) that are the most important components of mainly agricultural fertilizers;
therefore it is an essential plant nutrient. Annual potash production capacity increases
globally from 52 million tons in 2015 to 61 million tons in 2019 (Ober, 2016). In Laos, current
potash mines are also widely increasing of number of mines and capacity production. The
potash mines are mainly located in the central part of Laos (the Vientiane and Thakhek
basins (Vilayhong, 2013). In the Vientiane basin, there are 4 localities of potash mining
operated by Sino-Lao Potash Mining Co., Ltd and SinoHydro Mining (Lao) Co., Ltd. In
Thakhek basin, Khammoune Province, there are 3 sites of potash mining invested by Jiaxi
Lao Co., Ltd (China), Shichuan Kaiyuan Minning Co. Ltd (China) and VINACHEM (Vietnam).
However, the potash mining activities are also impact for environments. The waste
from mining processes and wastes stored in impoundments around the mines often
permeates into groundwater and enter nearby streams/rivers, increasing their salt
concentrations. The environment impact of potash mine tailing is not only water salinity but
also high concentration of conductivity, NaCl (Bian et al., 2012), Cl, Na, K, Mg, heavy metal
as well (Otero and Soler, 2002). The potash mines are disturbed subsurface structure that
causes collapsible soil. In July, 2018, near potash mining, Lao-Kaiyuan Minning Co. Ltd, in
Thakhek District, Khammoune Province, there was a collapsed soil at rice farm of villager
(Phetdala, 2018). This event is the third times of collapsed soil in this area. The geologists
expect that the collapsible soil was probably resulted from potash mining activities. The
Departments of Mineral Resource, Ministry of Natural Resource, Lao PDR need to examine
subsurface structure at the collapsed soil areas (Thakhek basin, Thakhek District,
Khammoune Province) and need define boundary of waste contaminated in groundwater
from the potash mine in both Thakhek and Vientiane basins. Therefore, geophysical
techniques are important role to solve the problems. The geophysical measurements such
geolectrical and seismic methods can applied to defined subsurface structure and define
salinity/contaminated boundary of the groundwater. In addition, to define in term of water
quality analysis from water wells, geochemistry is also applied. The monitoring borehole test
site is necessary for confirmation of geophysical interpretation.

2. OBJECTIVES
Purpose of this research project is to:
 2

o Define boundary and flow direction of waste contaminated in groundwater

surrounding the potash mines in Thakhek and Vientiane basins using geophysical
measurements, geochemical analysis and spatial analysis (GIS).
o Construct key wells to monitoring water quality surrounding potash mines.
o Model subsurface structure of collapsed area in Thakhek basin, Thakhek District,
Khammoune Province

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 Geological of the study areas

In northeastern Thailand, there are potash basins e.g., Sakol Nakhon and Khorat
basins (El Tabakh et al., 1999, 2003). The Sakol Nakhon basin is extending across the
Mekhong River into central part of Laos in two locations consisting of Vientiane basin
and Thakhek basin (Hite and Japakasert, 1979; Vilayhong, 2013). In these basins, the age
of rock formations is upper cretaceous consisting of claystone, shale, siltstone,
sandstone, anhydrite, gypsum, potash, and rock salt (Cotanont and Srisuk, 2005;
Jenkunawat, 2005).

3.2 Geophysical technique study on groundwater

Nowadays, surface geophysical techniques have been used for mapping
contaminated groundwater and also provide data for monitoring wells (Abbaspour et al.,
2000; Meju, 2000; Porsani et al. 2004; Dias, 2012).
The self-potential method is a passive geophysical method evidencing the existence
of electrical currents in the ground. The SP method was used to determine preferential
flow directions of the sub-surface fluids in the contaminated area (Faraco & Fabio, 2011;
Revil, et al., 2010; Fournier, 1989; Birch, 1993; Aubert and Atangana, 1996; Suski et al.,
2004; Malama et al., 2009a, 2009b).
Seismic refraction has also been used to infer aquifer properties such as porosity
(Duffin and Elder, 1979; Haeni , 1986; Vilas et al., 1998).
Data combination with monitoring wells are recommended in order to confirm the
resistivity characteristics of groundwater (Abbaspour et al., 2000), which can change due
to certain conditions such as: intrinsic porosity of rocks and sediments, content of
aqueous fluid and air, besides those related to the chemical variations of groundwater
(Vega et al., 2003; Mota et al., 2004).

4. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

4.1 Field materials for resistivity and Self-Potential

o A Resistivity meter, ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000 for measuring subsurface
resistivity
o Four rolls of electrical cables for connecting current and potential electrodes
o Two steel electrodes for current and two potential electrodes
o Non polarized electrodes for SP measurements
o Car battery (12V- 70Ah) for a direct current power supply
o Measuring tapes for assigning positions of electrodes
o Hammers used for forcing current and potential electrodes into ground
 3

o GPS Garmin for determining locations of measurements

o Geological and topographic maps for planning measurement.
4.2 Field materials for Seismic refraction
o A Smartseis ST with 12 channels for recording data
o 12 Geophones
o Geophone spread cables and hammer spread cables
o Battery 12V for Smartseis ST
o Sledgehammer, steel plate and hammer switch
4.3 Field materials for water quality measurement in the field
o pH meter, TDS meter, and EC meters

4.4 METHODLOGY
In order to map boundary between non-contaminated and contaminated groundwater
zones, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) about 25-30 points will be conducted surrounding
the each selected potash mines using ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000. The Schlumberger
electrode configuration will be employed in the measurement with the half current
electrode spacing (AB/2) of 1.5 to 300 m. IPI2WIN+IP osftware is used for model subsurface
from VES data. The apparent resistivity data each depth is also plotted using surfer ver 9
(Goldern software Inc., USA).
The 2D-Electrical Resistivity Tomography (2D-ERT) profile will be conducted cross the
boudary line that resulted from VES model. There are 3-4 profiles about 1000m of length
will planed to measure at each potash mining area. The ERT measurement was conducted
using a resistivity meter (Terrameter SAS1000, ABEM Instrument AB, Sweden) with a
Wenner configuration of which electrode spacing (a) varying from 5 up to 70 m (a=2 up to
100m). The 2D-ERT data will be interpreted using RES2DINV software to create resistivity
model of the subsurface using least square inversion (Loke and Barker, 1996).
In order to confirm result of resistivity measurement, seismic refraction technique was
designed to study velocity contrast subsurface layers. There are total of seven shots per
spread located within the line. The measurement were performed using a 12 channels
seismograph (SmartSeis ST, Geometric, Inc., USA) with geophone spacing of 5 m and a 6 kg
sledgehammer was used as the seismic source. Natural frequency of vertical geophone are
used 14 Hz. The sampling length and interval of seismograph used for measurement are 350
ms and 0.25 ms, respectively. A profile of seismic survey was performed within the same
profile of the resistivity profile. The first break picking of first arrival of travel time was
defined by identifying the point on the trace when the effects of the seismic wave first
appear using SeisImager/2D software (OYO Cooperation Inc.) to define time relating
distance from source to geophone. A wiggle trace form was used for the picking for this
work. After picking of the first break from all profiles, traveltime-distance curves were
plotted for each of them. Then, inversion of traveltime-distance to velocity-distance profiles
to defined velocity of the subsurface

To determine flow direction of groundwater, self-potential (SP) method can be applied

on an array 10mx10m using the potential technique for measurement e.g., using one
electrode as a base and another one walking. The 3 types per measuring point are
 4

integrated and then analyzed. DEM 30m resolution data are required for spatial analysis
using ArcGIS ver 10.5 to support interpretation of groundwater flow from SP data.
Topographic and geologic maps also use to assist and support the geophysical
interpretations.
The 2-3 pilot wells will be constructed at each study area in order to test geophysics
results and take the water sample for water quality analysis. Moreover, the water samples
from select villagers’ wells are also taking for water quality analysis. The standard for
drinking water based on standard drinking water issued by Ministry of Health (MOH), Lao
PDR and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for analysis including physical,
chemical, toxic, and bacteria properties. The physical properties are measured turbidity, EC,
pH and TDS. The chemical properties (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, sulphate, chloride, Nitrate, and total
solids), toxic properties (As, Cyanide (CN), Pb, and Hg) and bacteria properties (Standard
Plate Count, Coli form bacteria, and E-Coli) are analysed.

5. RESEARCH AREAS
1. Geophysics unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National
University of Laos, Laos
2. Geophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of
Sonkla University, Thailand
3. Central part of Laos (Vientiane and Khammoune provinces)

6. EXPECTED OUTCOMES
This research is give us boundary of contamination of waste contaminated in
groundwater surrounding potash mining areas in Vientiane and Khammoune basins, central
part of Laos. This data provides monitoring zones to people using groundwater for drinking
and using in household living surround the potash mines. This study could be also providing
structural subsurface near collapsible soil at the potash mines sites. The scientific report will
give government sectors such Ministry of Natural resources and Ministry of Mines, Lao PDR.
The data is going to be published in international journals as least 2 articles.

6. PERIOD OF RESEARCH
Three years (start from 2019 to 2021)
7. RESEARCH PLANS

Year Major activities Period Remark

Field work for data acquisition for VES and SP
measurements in Thakhek basin (Thakhek District, 20 days
2019 Khammoune province)
Field work for data acquisition for 2D-ERT and
Seismic Refraction measurement in Thakhek basin 15 days
(Thakhek District, Khammoune province)
 5

- Data processing and interpretation

- Drilling of monitoring wells and water quality
analysis 6 months
- Integrate information and conclusion
- Writing manuscript and revision
- Visit PSU Lab., Thailand for seismic data processing 7days
and analysis
Submitted manuscript-01
Field work for data acquisition for VES and SP
measurements in Vientiane basin (Thoulakhom District, 20 days
Vientiane province)
Field work for data acquisition for 2D-ERT and
Seismic Refraction measurement Vientiane basin 15 days
(Thoulakhom District, Vientiane province)
2020 - Data processing and interpretation
- Drilling of monitoring wells and water quality
analysis 6 months
- Integrate information and conclusion
- Writing manuscript and revision
- Visit PSU Lab., Thailand for seismic data processing 7days
and analysis
- Present on Conference 5days
2021 Field work for data acquisition for VES and SP
measurements in Vientiane basin (Xaythani District, 20 days
Vientiane province)
Field work for data acquisition for 2D-ERT and
Seismic Refraction measurement Vientiane basin 15 days
(Xaythani District, Vientiane province)
- Data processing and interpretation
- Drilling of monitoring wells and water quality
analysis 6 months
- Integrate information and conclusion
- Writing manuscript and revision
- Visit PSU Lab., Thailand for seismic data processing 7days
and analysis
- Present on Conference 5days
- Workshop presenting the research result to
community and Department of Natural Resources 1days
staffs, Ministry of Natural Resources
- Submit manuscript-02
 6

9. ESTIMATED BUDGET
N0. Item description 2019 2020 2021 Total
1 Equipment/spare parts/service 21,045.00 9,058.50 9058.50 39,162.00
2 Consumables/literature/field
145,942.50 145,942.50 145,942.50
work 437,827.50
3 Conferences/workshops 0 9,699 22,509 32,208.00
4 Exchange visits by cooperating
10.522.50 10.522.50 10.522.50
scientists 31,567.50
Fellowships for training: South-
5 South:

Total 177,510 175,222.5 188,032.5 540,765

(a) Specification of Costs in 2019

9 (a) Specification of Costs in 2019 Costs (SEK) Total (SEK)
Equipment/spare parts/service:
- PC computer for install geophysical software: 1set x 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575 21,045
- Non polarized electrodes: 4 sets x 250$ x 9.15SEK 9,150
- Copper sulfate for non-polarized electrodes 10 set x 80$ x 9.15SEK 7,320
 7

Consumables/literature/field work: 145,942.5

- Books/journals/: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Geological map 1sheets x 60$ x 9.15SEK 549
- Topography map: 1 sheets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 274.5
- Water quality analysis 10 samples x 150$ x 9.15SEK 13725
§ VES and SP Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 5,490
- Car rental 20days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
§ 2D ERT and Seismic Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.50
- Car rental 15days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
§ Drilling Test:
- Drilling monitoring well (50m): 3 set x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 27,450
- Subsistence and accommodation: 2 people x 6days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 3,294
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 6days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,647
- Car rental 6days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 6,588
- Pump for pilot wells: 1setx 350$ x 9.15SEK 3202.5
Conferences/workshops 0 0
Exchange visits by cooperating scientists 10,522.5
Visit PSU to process the data and discussion for one week
Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 7days x 50$ x 9.15SEK 3,202.5
- Lab. fee: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575

Total 177,510

(b) Specification of Costs in 2020

9 (b) Specification of Costs in 2020 Costs (SEK) Total (SEK)
Equipment/spare parts/service:
- Materials of computer (CDs, ink, etc.): 1set x 150$ x 9.15SEK 1,372.5 9,058.5
- Hammers: 4sets x 10$ x 9.15SEK 366
- Copper sulfate for non-polarized electrodes 10 set x 80$ x 9.15SEK 7320
 8

Consumables/literature/field work: 145,942.5

- Books/journals/: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Geological map 1sheets x 60$ x 9.15SEK 549
- Topography map: 1 sheets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 274.50
§ VES and SP Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 5,490
- Car rental 20days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
§ 2-D Resistivity and Seismic Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 15days x 30$ x 16,470
9.15SEK 4,117.50
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
- Car rental 15days x 120$ x 9.15SEK
§ Drilling Test: 27,450
- Construction of wells fee and pumping test: 3 sets x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 3,294
- Subsistence and accommodation: 2 people x 6days x 30$ x 1,647
9.15SEK 6,588
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 6days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 3,202.5
- Car rental 6days x 120$ x 9.15SEK
- Pump for well 1 set x 350$ x 9.15SEK
Conferences/workshops 9,699
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 4days x 40$ x 9.15SEK 1,464
- Conference fee: 400$ x 9.15SEK 3,660
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575
Exchange visits by cooperating scientists 10,522.5
Visit PSU to process the data and discussion for one week
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 7days x 50$ x 9.15SEK 3,202.5
- Lab. fee: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575

Total 175,222.5

(c) Specification of Costs in 2021

9 (c) Specification of Costs in 2021 Costs (SEK) Total (SEK)

Equipment/spare parts/service:
- Materials of computer (CDs, ink, etc.): 1set x 150$ x 9.15SEK 1,372.5 9,058.5
- Hammers: 4sets x 10$ x 9.15SEK 366
- Copper sulfate for non-polarized electrodes 10 set x 80$ x 9.15SEK 7320
 9

Consumables/literature/field work: 145,942.5

- Books/journals/: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Geological map 1sheets x 60$ x 9.15SEK 549
- Topography map: 1 sheets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 274.50
§ VES and SP Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 5,490
- Car rental 20days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
§ 2D-ERT and Seismic Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.50
- Car rental 15days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
§ Drilling Test:
- Construction of wells fee and pumping test: 3 sets x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 27,450
- Subsistence and accommodation: 2 people x 6days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 3,294
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 6days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,647
- Car rental 6days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 6,588
- Pump for well 1 set x 350$ x 9.15SEK 3,202.5
Conferences/workshops 22,509
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 4days x 40$ x 9.15SEK 1,464
- Conference fee: 400$ x 9.15SEK 3,660
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575
Workshop held by Department of physics to present the result
to community
- Subsistence and accommodation
For NUOL staffs: 15 people x 1days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.5
F or Ministry and local authority staffs: 5 people x 3days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.5
- conference room: 1 set x 100$ x 9.15SEK 915
- coffee break: 20 people x 5$ x 9.15SEK 915
- Lunch: 20 people x 15$ x 9.15SEK 2,745

Exchange visits by cooperating scientists 10,522.5

Visit PSU to process the data and discussion for one week
Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 7days x 50$ x 9.15SEK 3,202.5
- Lab. fee: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575

Total 188,032.5

RESEARCH TEAM:
1. Dr. Sounthone Singsoupho (PhD in Geophysics)
 10

2. Mr. Viengthong Xayavong (MSc in Geophysics)

3. Mr. Sackxay Sompaserth (MSc in Geotechnology)
4. Mr. Thiengsamone Sounsuandao (MSc in physics)
5. Dr. Lemthong Lathdavong (PhD in Geophysics), Head of
Physics Department.

ADDRESS: National University of Laos, Faculty of Science,

Department of Physics, Dongdok Campus
P.O. Box: 7322, Tel/Fax: (856-21) 770173,
Mobile: (856-20) 56100851
Email: singsoupho@yahoo.com
NETWORK OLLABORATION: 1. Asst. Prof. Dr. Sawasdee Yordkayhun (PhD in Geophysics
Geophysics Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Prince of
Songkla University, Thailand
Email: sawasdee.y@psu.ac.th

2. Prof. Dr. Sten-Åke Elming

Division of Geosciences and Environmental
Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and
Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of
Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
Tel: +46-920-492175
Fax: +46-920-491339
E-mail: Sten-Ake.Elming@ltu.se

3. Mr. Bounthong Sayavath (MSc in Geophysics)

Ministry of Energy and Mines, Lao PDR
Email: bounthong.60@gmail.com

References
Abbaspour, K., Matta, V., Huggenberg, P., Johbson, C.A. (2000). “A contaminated site
investigation: comparison of information gained from geophysical measurements
and hydrogeological modeling.” J. Contam. Hydrol. 40, 365-380.
Bian, Z., Miao, X., Lei, S., Chen, S., Wang, W. and Struthers, S. (2012). “The challenges of
reusing mining and mineral-processing wastes.” Science (80) 337, 702-703.
Birch, F. S. (1993). “Testing Fournier’s method for finding water table from self-potential.”
Ground Water, 31, 50–56.
Contanont, T., and Srisuk, K. (2005). Determination of Groundwater Recharge at Nong Bo
Area, Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand. International Conference on Geology,
Geotechnology and Mineral Resources of Indochina, 143-148.
 11

Dias, D., Silva, S. M. C. P., Fernandes, F., Teixeira, R. S., Celligoi, A., Henrique, L., & Antônia,
D. (2012). “Geophysical technique and groundwater monitoring to detect leachate
contamination in the surrounding area of a land fill e Londrina ( PR e Brazil ).” Journal
of Environmental Management, 113, 481–487.
Duffin, G. L. and Elder, G. R. (1979). “Variations in Specific Yield in the Outcrop of the Carizo
Sand in South Texas as Estimated by Seismic Refraction.” Texas Department of Water
Resources Report,229, p 61.
El Tabakh, M., Utha-Aroon, C., and Schreiber, B.C. (1999). “Sedimentology of the Cretaceous
Maha Sarakham evaporites in the Khorat Plateau of northeastern Thailand.”
Sedimentary Geology, 123, 31-62.
El Tabakh, M., Utha-Aroon, C., Warren, J.K., and Schreiber, B.C. (2003). “Origin of dolomites
in the Cretaceous Maha Sarakham evaporites of the Khorat Plateau, northeast
Thailand.” Sedimentary Geology, 157, 235-252.
Faraco, D., & Fabio, G. (2011). “Induced polarization , resistivity , and self-potential : a case
history of contamination evaluation due to landfill leakage.” Environmental Earth
Science, 251–261.
Hite, R.J., and Japakasert, W. (1979). “Potash deposits of the Khorat Plateau, Thailand and
Laos.” Economic Geology,74, 448-458.
Fournier, C., (1989). “Spontaneous potentials and resistivity surveys applied to hydrogeology
in a volcanic area: Case history of the Chaîne des Puys (Puy-de-Dôme, France).”
Geophysical Prospecting, 37, 647–668.
Jardani, A., Revil, A., and Haas, A. (2010). “Self-potential monitoring of a salt plume.”
Geophysics, 75(4), WA18-25.
Malama, B., Kuhlman, K.L., and Revil. A. (2009a). “Theory of transient streaming potentials
associated with axial-symmetric flow in unconfined aquifers” Geophysical Journal
International, 179, 990–1003.
Malama, B., Kuhlman, K.L., and Revil. A. (2009b). “Asemi-analytical solution for transient
streaming potentials associated with confined aquifer pumping tests.” Geophysical
Journal International, 176, 1007–1016.
Ober, J.A. (2016). Mineral commodity Summaries 2016. US Geological Survey. Porsani, J.L.,
Filho,W.M., Elis, V.R., Shimeles, F., Dourado, J.C., Moura, H.P. (2004). “The use of GPR
and VES in delineating a contamination plume in a landfill site: a case study in SE
Brazil.” Journal of Applied Geophysics, 55, 199-209.
Otero, N., and Soler, A. (2002). “Sulphur isotopes as tracers of the influence of potash
mining in groundwater salinisation in the Llobregat Basin (NE Spain).” Water
Resources, 36, 3989-4000.
Phetdala, T. (2018, June, 20) Minister of Ministry of Energy and Mines and Khammoune
Governor visiting collapsed soil in Nong Pheu Village. Pasaxon: 2 (Lao language).
Van Overmeeren R.A. (1981). “A combination of electrical resistivity, seismic refraction, and
gravity measurements for groundwater exploration in Sudan”. Geophysics 46, 9, 1304-
1313.
 12

Vilayhong, M. (2013). “Potash Development in Lao PDR Vientiane Capital , Lao PDR.” The 2nd
Lao-Thai Technical Conference on Geology an d Mineral Resources, Vientiane Capital,
119-130.
 1(10)

Research Proposal

Application of Geophysical Exploration Methods for Groundwater Investigation:

Case Study of Vientiane, Savannakhet and Champasack Provinces.

Researcher: Viengthong Xayavong , MSc

Address: Physics Department, Faculty of Natural Science, National University of Laos.
Email: viengthongxv@gmail.com

I. Background and Rationale

Groundwater is one of one the major sources of water drinking in Laos for both urban and rural
areas, only 60% of the urban and 51% of the rural population had direct access to water supply in 1998
(UNESCO, 2003), particularly in plateaus located far from surface water such as the south and the
west of Champasack province, as well as large areas in the country that do not have perennial rivers,
even in places situated in the Vientiane Plains, is normally considered to have plentiful surface water.
Demand of groundwater usage has been increasing food security in regions such as Savannakhet
province, by increasing the number of crops per year. Whereas, groundwater information is limited
and monitoring and evaluation activities regarding quantity and quality of groundwater have not yet
been carried out to any significant degree, dug wells are not biologically safe sources and usually dry
out during the dry season, and water-borne diseases caused by infiltrations of domestic waste and
from farm animal (Medlicot, 2001; Takayanagi, 1993), for example: total 118 deep wells were drilled
and evaluated in Vientiane Province by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). 60% of the
wells were not used for dinking due to bad water quality or maintenance problem (JICA, 2000). In
addition, over 100 boreholes were drilled in Savannakhet province, with the success rate of 50-60%,
and about 50 boreholes have been selected for production wells (Knudsen et al., 2004).
The lack of water is still the main problem in three study areas because economic and
population is growing, which associated with trend of increasing water demand, and there are no
mechanisms for data collection, compilation and storage, no protocols or entities tasked with the
implementation of new groundwater resources, no unit responsible for strategic planning, and
virtually no coherent regulatory framework for groundwater usage and monitoring. Therefore, it is
necessary to conduct geophysical survey in order to delineate locations of fresh and saline water
zones for planning to drill wells in the future in the study areas. The most common methods for
groundwater studies based on 2D electrical resistivity, this method can estimate for the groundwater
quality (i.e. salt content) but for deeper targets 1D resistivity, self potential and seismic methods can
be very useful by reason of poor resolution of the 2D resistivity method.
Geophysics exploration techniques can provide the appropriate tools to achieve the main
objectives by improving our understanding and conceptualization of the hydrogeological system of the
study areas and hence can significantly contribute to the humanitarian goal of this work. Results from this
work will directly support the activities that were initiated through the ACIAR project conducted by
two key government agencies, namely the Department of Water Resources (DWR) and Natural
Resources & Environment Institute (NREI), both within the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment. NREI are developing a numerical groundwater model for the Vientiane province to
support decision making. DWR are formulating a groundwater management plan for the upper
Vientiane province supported by the numerical model, and multi-level/sector stakeholder
 2(10)

engagement and regulatory development. This project will be its contribution to improving
sustainable agricultural production and water supply from groundwater resources on the three areas
by increasing the scientific understanding of the resource and the necessary measures required to
ensure its longevity. Communities in urban areas represent another set of beneficiaries as they are
also dependent exclusively upon groundwater for their drinking supplies.
II. Objectives
The main aims of this research work are to:
(1) Assess of groundwater conditions in the study area such as determine depth to groundwater
table/aquifers and delineate fresh and saline groundwater due to salt affected groundwater.
(2) Spatially identify the locations of better and poorer quality groundwater in the different aquifer
systems.
(3) Construct of wells in order to confirm geophysical results and for future water supply for the
target communities and maintenance status of existing wells in the study area.
(4) Establish of groundwater potential map provide as a reference for future researchers who are
interested in this field in the study sites
1. Literature Review
1.1. Geological Setting
In western Laos, Savannakhet province is separated from the Mukdahan province, Thailand by
the Mekong River. The study area is located within the Savannakhet sub-basin where geology is
similar to the Sakon Nakhon sub-basin most of which is in northeast, Thailand (Lertsirivorakul et al.,
2005).The PhuPhan range separates Khorat Plateau into two basins namely the Khorat basin in the
south covering an area of about 36,000 square kilometers and Sakon Nakhon basin in the north
covering area of about 21,000 square kilometres (Hite et al., 1979; El Tabakh et al., 1999, 2003; Keith
et al., 2005). The Maha Sarakham Formation comprises of claystone, shale, siltstone, sandstone,
anhydrite, gypsum, potash, and rock salt (Cotanont, 2005; Jenkunawat, 2005). The deep borehole
drilled by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project (Wiszniewskiet
al., 2005) showed that the maximum thickness of the rock salt is 100 m and the top of the rock salt is
83 m depth from ground surface at Champhone district.
1.2. Previous studies of geophysical methods
Perttu et al. (2007) succeeded to determine the quality of groundwater in Vientiane basin,
Laos by using the combination of Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS), Vertical Electrical Sounding
(VES) and water quality from different geological environment was conducted in the study area. The
results from MRS and VES techniques can determine location of the salt bearing formation and
characterize the different water bearing formations.
Olowokudejo (2007) conducted to target high quality groundwater in Vientiane province, Laos
using Magnetic Resonance Sounding and Vertical Electrical Sounding. The combination of these
techniques can determine locations of good quality groundwater in the study area. However, he
recommended that other geophysical methods such as refraction seismic, ground penetrating radar,
and electromagnetic should be applied to provide more reliable results.
Choudhury et al. (2004) studied of saline water intrusion with integrated geophysical methods
and chemistry data in order to minimize the ambiguity and ascertain the efficacy of data integration
techniques in ground water and saline contamination studies. As a result of resistivity interpretation
with inputs from seismic refraction and chemical analysis, the data integration study proved to be a
 3(10)

powerful method for identification of ground water zones and the subsurface saline/brackish water
zones, and the probable mode and cause of saline water intrusion in an inland aquifer.
Choudhury et al. (2001) conducted geophysical measurements comprising electrical resistivity
and shallow seismic refraction methods in the alluvial coastal belt of India to delineate different
subsurface geological formations such as sand, top sandy soil, saline sand and saline clay on the basis
of their characteristic resistivity and velocity signatures. Low resistivity less than 10 ohm-m at shallow
depth vary from 0 to 10 m and 40 to 60 m was observed in most parts of the area, this result may be
caused by saline water intrusion in the area.
Shaaban (2001) conducted resistivity survey for evaluating the hydrogeological and structural
characteristics of the subsurface sequence to a depth of about 200 m from the ground surface in
Egypt. They reported that low resistivity ranges from 11 to 24 ohm-m caused by a shallow brackish to
fresh water bearing limestone aquifer and a deep saline water bearing sandy limestone of Miocene
age. Integrated resistivity measurements and chemical analysis data can delineate between brackish
water and fresh water.
Sumanovac et al. (2001) conducted groundwater exploration in karst terrains, Croatia, using 2-
D resistivity imaging, seismic refraction methods and high-resolution reflection. 2-D resistivity
surveying can be used very efficiently in karst water explorations of shallow targets, but for deeper
targets the seismic methods can be very useful by reason of poor resolution of the electrical resistivity
methods.
IV. Materials and Research Methodology
4.1. Field Materials for Resistivity and Self Potential
(1) A Resistivity meter, ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000 for measuring subsurface resistivity
(2) Four rolls of electrical cables for connecting current and potential electrodes
(3) Two steel electrodes for current and two potential electrodes
(4) Non polarized electrodes for SP measurements
(5) Car battery (12V- 60Ah) for a direct current power supply
(6) Measuring tapes for assigning positions of electrodes
(7) Hammers used for forcing current and potential electrodes into ground
(8) GPS Garmin for determining locations of measurements
(9) Geological and topographic maps for planning measurement.
4.2. Field Materials for Seismic
(1) A Smartseis ST with 12 channels for recording data
(2) Geophones
(3) Geophone spread cables and hammer spread cables
(4) Car battery (12V-60Ah) for a direct current power supply
(5) Sledgehammer, steel plate and hammer switch
4.3. Resistivity and SP Data Acquisition
2-D electrical resistivity imaging will be measured at 8-10 profiles (300-400 m long) along
selected profiles in the study area. ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000 with stainless electrodes will be
used by Wenner electrode configuration with electrode spacing of a=5m, 10 m, 20m, 30m, 40m,
50m, 60m, 70m, 80m, 90 and 100m.
1-D resistivity and self potential (SP) measurements will be conducted at 15-20 the same
sounding stations with ABEM Terrameter SAS 1000 in the study area. The Schlumberger
electrode configuration will be employed in the measurement with the half current electrode
 4(10)

spacing of 1.5 to 350 meter. Self potential method can be applied to groundwater investigation
in order to determine direction flow of groundwater such as positive SP anomalies are
associated with discharge zones strong lateral flow while negative anomalies show downward
flow recharge zones. Topography map is required to select locations of resistivity sounding and
SP measurements and sounding locations will be determined by GPS.
4.4. Seismic Data Acquisition
Seismic data will be collected by using SmartSeis ST with 12 channels. A sledgehammer striking a
steel plate will be used as the energy source in the survey. The refraction profile length was 300-
400 m (geophone interval of 5m) and the measurement will be conducted at selected 2D
resistivity measurements. In this survey, P-wave measurements will carried out by using seven
shots per spread: one inter-spread shot, three forward and three reverse shots, which was
sufficient for a complete coverage of the refractor. In additional, to support interpretation of
resistivity and seismic techniques, TDS, pH and EC of approximately 15-20 water samples from
different deep wells surrounding the study sites will be analysed.
4.5. Data Processing and Interpretation
The observed 2-D resistivity data gathered in this survey will be interpreted using
RES2DINV software to provide an inverse model that approximates the actual subsurface
structure. This software employs a quasi-Newton technique to reduce the numerical calculations
(Loke and Barker, 1996). The aim of this processing and interpretation is to determine a
resistivity model of subsurface. Inverse model resistivity section will be showed depth versus
length of the profile.
The observed 1-D resistivity and self potential (SP) data will be processed and interpreted
by using a personal computer and RES1DINV software. The aim of this processing and
interpretation is to determine a resistivity model of the ground beneath a sounding point, e.g.
number of ground layer, their resistivity and thicknesses. Resistivity curve of apparent resistivity
versus half current electrode spacing will be displayed in log-log graph.
The SeisImager software will be selected for seismic refraction interpretation technique in
order to map subsurface geology in the study area.

4.6. GIS Data Analysis

Existing and new data will be collated in a GIS based water balance model by the Lao
project partner team to investigate the spatial relationships in the distribution of water quality
and evaluate seasonal groundwater recharge variability and trends. This important baseline
information will provide ensure that the groundwater resource is resilient and can meet the
increased demand by water users and also support and maintain ecological services. The
identification of poor quality groundwater or wells that may have elevated concentrations of
trace metals will also be beneficial in the management of the resource.

4.7. Drilling Test

The pilot wells will be drilled in order to test geophysics results, each drilling location
consisting of pumped wells for the target communities utilization and maintenance status of
existing wells in the study areas.
V. Research Areas:
1)Department/unit: Geophysics Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural Science, National
University of Laos.
2)Three study sites of Laos will be selected such as Vientiane, Savannakhet and Champasack provinces.
 5(10)

VI. Expected Outcomes

1. The results obtained from this research work will be useful for assessment of groundwater
conditions in the study areas.
2. Construction of wells for future water supply for the target communities and maintenance
status of existing wells in the study area.
3. The research work is expected to provide as a reference for future researchers who are
interested in this field in the study sites.
4. Demonstrate the benefits of using surface geophysics for identifying groundwater resource
conditions in three provinces and provide scoping opportunities for future, large-scale investigations
(e.g. magnetic resonance sounding and other new geophysics techniques).
VII. Time Period of Research: Three years (start from 2019 to 2021)
VIII. Research Plan
Year Major activities Period Remark
Field work for data acquisition for 2-D resistivity and 20 days
seismic measurements in Vientiane province
Field work for data acquisition for 1-D resistivity and self 15 days
2019 potential measurements in Vientiane province
- Data processing and interpretation
- Construction of wells and pumping test 4 months
- Integrate information and conclusion
- Writing manuscript and revision
2019 Submit manuscript-01
Field work for data acquisition for 2-D resistivity and 20 days
seismic measurements in Savannakhet province.
Field work for data acquisition for 1-D resistivity and self 15 days
2020 potential measurements in Savannakhet province.
- Data processing and interpretation
- Construction of wells and pumping test 4 months
- Integrate information and conclusion
- Writing manuscript and revision
2020 Submit manuscript-01
Field work for data acquisition for 2-D resistivity and 20 days
seismic measurements in Champasack province.
Field work for data acquisition for 1-D resistivity and self 15 days
potential measurements in Champasack province,
2021 - Data processing and interpretation
- Construction of wells and pumping test 4 months
- Integrate information and conclusion
- Writing manuscript and revision
2021 Submit manuscript-01

5. Estimated budget
N0. Item description 2019 2020 2021 Total
 6(10)

1 Equipment/spare parts/service 19,947 10,797 10,797 41,541

2 Consumables/literature/field work 118,218 118,218 118,218 354,654
3 Conferences/workshops 0 9,699 9,699 19,398

4 Exchange visits by cooperating

0 0 0 0
scientists
5 Fellowships for training: South-South:
36,142.5 32,940 36,142.5 105,225.00
Mr Viengthong Xayavong
Total 174,307.5 174,856.5 174,856 524,020.00

(a) Specification of Costs in 2019

9 (a) Specification of Costs in 2019 Costs (SEK) Total (SEK)
Equipment/spare parts/service: 19,947
- Materials of computer (CDs, ink, etc.): 1set x 200$ x 9.15SEK 1,830
- Measuring tape: 6 sets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,647
- Car battery for ABEM SAS 1000 1 set x 100$ x 9.15SEK 915
- Water level indicators, 50 m cable: 1 set x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 6,405
- Pump for pilot wells: 2 set x 400$ x 9.15SEK 9,150
Consumables/literature/field work: 118,218
- Books/journals/: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Geological map 1sheets x 60$ x 9.15SEK 549
- Topography map: 1 sheets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 274.50
§ 1-D and 2D Resistivity and SP Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 5,490
- Car rental 20days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
§ 2-D Resistivity and Seismic Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.50
- Car rental 15days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
§ Drilling Test:
- Construction of wells fee and pumping test: 2 set x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 18,300
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 4days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,392
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 4days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,098
- Car rental 4days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 4,392
Conferences/workshops 0 0
Exchange visits by cooperating scientists 0 0
Fellowships for training: South-South: 36,142.5
- Air ticket: 1person x 350$ x 9.15 SEK 3,202.5
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 12month x 250$ x 9.15SEK 27,450
- course fee: 1year x 600$ x 9.15 SEK 5,490
Total 174,307.5
 7(10)

(b) Specification of Costs in 2020

9 (b) Specification of Costs in 2020 Costs (SEK) Total (SEK)
Equipment/spare parts/service:
- Materials of computer (CDs, ink, etc.): 1set x 200$ x 9.15SEK 1,830 10,797
- Measuring tape: 6 sets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,647
- Car battery for ABEM SAS 1000 1 set x 100$ x 9.15SEK 915
- Pump for pilot wells: 2 set x 350$ x 9.15SEK 6,405
Consumables/literature/field work: 118,218
- Books/journals/: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Geological map 1sheets x 60$ x 9.15SEK 549
- Topography map: 1 sheets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 274.50
§ 1-D and 2D Resistivity and SP Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 5,490
- Car rental 20days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
§ 2-D Resistivity and Seismic Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.50
- Car rental 15days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
§ Drilling Test:
- Construction of wells fee and pumping test: 2 set x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 18,300
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 4days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,392
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 4days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,098
- Car rental 4days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 4,392
Conferences/workshops 9,699
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 4days x 40$ x 9.15SEK 1,464
- Conference fee: 400$ x 9.15SEK 3,660
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575
Fellowships for training: South-South: 32,940
- - Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 12month x 250$ x 9.15SEK 27,450
- course fee: 1year x 600$ x 9.15 SEK 5,490
Exchange visits by cooperating scientists 0 0
Total 171,654.0

(c) Specification of Costs in 2021

9 (c) Specification of Costs in 2020 Costs (SEK) Total (SEK)
 8(10)

Equipment/spare parts/service:
- Materials of computer (CDs, ink, etc.): 1set x 200$ x 9.15SEK 1,830 10,797
- Measuring tape: 6 sets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,647
- Car battery for ABEM SAS 1000 1 set x 100$ x 9.15SEK 915
- Pump for pilot wells: 2 set x 350$ x 9.15SEK 6,405

Consumables/literature/field work: 118,218

- Books/journals/: 300$ x 9.15SEK 2,745
- Geological map 1sheets x 60$ x 9.15SEK 549
- Topography map: 1 sheets x 30$ x 9.15SEK 274.50
§ 1-D and 2D Resistivity and SP Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 20days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 5,490
- Car rental 20days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 21,960
§ 2-D Resistivity and Seismic Data acquisition:
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 15days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,117.50
- Car rental 15days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 16,470
§ Drilling Test:
- Construction of wells fee and pumping test: 2 set x 1000$ x 9.15SEK 18,300
- Subsistence and accommodation: 4 people x 4days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 4,392
- Per diem for Ministry staff: 1person x 4days x 30$ x 9.15SEK 1,098
- Car rental 4days x 120$ x 9.15SEK 4,392
Conferences/workshops 9,699
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 4days x 40$ x 9.15SEK 1,464
- Conference fee: 400$ x 9.15SEK 3,660
- Travel (Air ticket): 500$ x 9.15SEK 4,575
Exchange visits by cooperating scientists 0 0
Fellowships for training: South-South: 36,142.5
- Air ticket: 1person x 350$ x 9.15 SEK 3,202.5
- Subsistence and accommodation: 1 person x 12month x 250$ x 9.15SEK 27,450
- course fee: 1year x 600$ x 9.15 SEK 5,490
Total 174,856.5

Research team:
1. Mr. Viengthong Xayavong (MSc in Geophysics)
2. Mr. Sounthone Singsoupho (PhD in Geophysics)
3. Mr. Sackxay Sompaserth (MSc in Geotechnology)
4. Mr. Thiengsamone Sounsuandao (MSc in physics)
Address: National University of Laos, Faculty of Science,
Department of Physics, Dongdok Campus
P.O. Box: 7322, Tel/Fax: (856-21) 770173,
Mobile: (856-20) 56100851
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Email: viengthongxv@gmail.com
Supervisors: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vu Duc Minh
Address: Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics,
Vietnam National University, Hanoi
University of Science
Email: vducminh56@gmail.com

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