CANOSSA ACADEMY
LIPA CITY
PAASCU ACCREDITED
SY 2021– 2022
MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY
Types of Media
UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF MEDIA
Old media, also called traditional media or sometimes legacy media, are those that came about and were
widely used before the dawn of the internet epoch. New media on the other hand, are those that came about after
the birth of the internet. New media refers to the means of mass communication that use digital technologies and
rely on computers for redistribution.
Traditional media include print media such as newspapers, books, magazines, newsletters, journals,
pamphlets, billboards, etc. Old media also include electronic media like TV and radio. Movies and films, CDs
and DVDs, video and audio recordings also fall under traditional media. New media include social networking
sites like Facebook, Youtube, Instagram, and Twitter. Others include audio and video streaming, chatrooms,
mobile apps, virtual reality environments, etc.
Print Media
Print media refers to a means of mass communication in the form of printed publications, such as
newspapers and magazines.
Read the definitions and descriptions of print media below and on the next page.
Print media are traditional mass media published on paper. The concept not only includes the
published products but also regards the organizational context shaping the journalistic routines and norms
behind the printed products. Print media represents the oldest and the most widespread type of mass media
because as opposed to electronic media it does not require an elaborate technical infrastructure on the part
of the user. It mainly comprises of newspapers and magazines. Newspapers are clearly associated with
information and show an emphasis on political issues and current events. They are valued as a backbone of
the democratic public sphere because they enable comprehensive public discourse. News magazines also
serve an information function, whereas most other magazines are more committed to entertainment and
leisure. These magazines show a diverse spectrum ranging from lifestyle to special interest magazines. With
the rise of online communication print newspapers and magazines have come under considerable economic
pressure.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118541555.wbiepc193
Broadly, print-based media refers to any written or pictorial form of communication produced
mechanically or electronically using printing, photocopying, or digital methods from which multiple copies
can be made through automated processes. More narrowly, it is any form of ‘ink and paper’ communication
that is not hand-written or hand-typed, including books, circulars, journals, lithographs, memos, magazines,
newspapers, pamphlets, and periodicals.
https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100346392
What are the differences and similarities between newspapers and magazines?
When it comes to content, newspapers generally contain current news as well as articles about current
issues of the country as well as of the world. There are also special features in some newspapers that contain
other articles for leisure and entertainment. The magazines on the other hand mostly contain articles on specific
topics or subjects like fashion, sports, leisure, etc. Both newspapers and magazines are published at a regular
interval. However, newspapers are published more often, usually daily, while magazines are published less often,
usually weekly or monthly. Newspapers use cheaper paper than magazines, the layout and design are simpler,
and when it comes to cost, newspapers are generally more affordable.
Journals are also means of mass communication in the form of printed publications. They are publications
that contain scholarly articles and/or current information and research and development on a particular topic or
subject.
Print media do not only cover newspapers, magazines, and journals. Of course, there are the books.
Because of book publication, more Filipino children from different economic levels had the opportunity for
education. Posters – billsor placards placed in a public place, are visual by nature, and use photos and graphics to
send a message – are also under print media. Booklets, leaflets, and pamphlets containing pictures and information
about a product, place, etc. and are typically used to advertise or promote, as well as textile prints that are done
in wallpapers, packaging, and billboards also fall under this form of media.
Broadcast Media
Broadcasting refers to airborne transmission of electromagnetic audio signals (radio) or audio-visual
signals (television) that are readily accessible to a wide population via standard
receivers.(http://autocww.colorado.edu) The broadcast media include radio and television.
Read the definition and description of broadcast media below.
Broadcast media is the most expedient means to transmit information immediately to the widest
possible audience, although the Internet currently challenges television as the primary source of both news
and other recreational content (e.g., movies, sitcoms, etc.). Broadcast media refers to primarily television
and radio, although broadcasting companies have expanded to offer digital offerings including media
streaming applications and other robust web-based offerings. Integration of the Internet has increased the
pressure on broadcast media groups to deliver high quality information with minimum cost. To control
costs, improving operations is more important for these groups now than ever before - this includes
streamlining processes such as transmission and infrastructure management, content development, studio
management and news operations. https://opsdog.com/industries/broadcast-media
Almost every household in our country typically owns a television and a radio. The radio, as you have
learned in the previous sessions, played a big role in the lives of Filipino people since, in the past, the Filipinos
were entertained by radio soap operas, farmers were educated through radio distant learning, and the citizens were
practically informed of the latest events in the country through radio.
You might have wondered what the difference between FM radio and AM radio is. Read the article on
the next page and find out the difference between AM and FM.
What is the difference between AM and FM radio?
If you’re like many people, when you think of the difference between AM and FM radio, you might say,
“Well, AM is mostly talk radio and FM is mostly music.” While this is somewhat true (there are exceptions with
both), it’s certainly not the main characteristic that sets them apart from one another. While AM and FM radio
function and operate in the same ways and by the same principles, the biggest difference between the two is the way
in which the carrier waves are modulated.
AM stands for “Amplitude Modulation”, as AM radio signals vary their amplitude to adapt to the sound
information that is being broadcasted through the wavelengths. While changes in amplitude occur on FM radio as
well, they are more noticeable in AM radio because they result in audible static. So, essentially, when you’re
switching the channels on an AM radio, you’re hearing changes in amplitude, which is why distant broadcasts with
weak signals will come across as very faint with the sound largely dominated by static.
FM stands for “Frequency Modulation,” and, unlike AM radio, sound is transmitted through changes in
frequency. While both FM and AM radio signals experience frequent changes in amplitude, they are far less
noticeable on FM. During an FM broadcast, slight changes in amplitude go unnoticed because the audio signal is
presented to the listener through changes in frequency, not amplitude. So, when you’re switching between stations,
your FM antenna is alternating between different frequencies, and not amplitudes, which produces a much cleaner
sound and allows for smoother transitions with little to no audible static.
There are pros and cons of both AM and FM radio, but the better sound quality of FM radio makes it more
desirable for those who want to transmit clear and clean sounding audio. And while AM radio has a lower bandwidth
and can accommodate more stations, FM radio is generally preferred by those who want to start their own low power
broadcast.
http://www.progressive-concepts.com/blog/What-Is-the-Difference-Between-AM-and-FM-Radio_AE13.html
Almost everyone in our country watches the television. Although many young people use the internet
more, we cannot deny the fact that people still use the television for information as well as for entertainment.
In the Philippines, two of the major networks that dominated the broadcasting industry are GMA Network,
Inc. and ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation. Other networks are Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation
(IBC), Radio Philippines Network (RPN), and People’s Television Network, Inc. We all kept track of the issue
regarding the ABS-CBN franchise. The country’s major news provider was shut down as the Philippine
lawmakers voted to reject the license renewal of the country’s largest TV network.
Film (Movie or Motion Picture)
Some sources tell us that film is a form of media under broadcast media. Other sources tell us that film is
a separate form. Whatever the case may be however, film is still considered a form of media since it is also a
source of information, of education, and of entertainment. Collins Dictionary tells us that a film consists of
moving pictures that have been recorded so that they can be shown at the cinema or on television.
Nowadays, as the cinemas and theater houses in our country have not returned to their operation yet
because of the pandemic, people have watched films though different streaming service providers like Netflix. In
the not-so-distant past however, people enjoyed watching films in theatre houses – waiting for the long queue,
sitting in the movie theatre chair with friends or loved ones, holding a box of popcorn and a tall cup of drinks,
and simply enjoying the media experience of watching a movie.
What is the difference between indie films and mainstream films? Read the following definitions and
descriptions of indie films and mainstream films.
An independent film is a professional film production resulting in a feature film that is produced
mostly or completely outside of the major film studio system. In addition to being produced and distributed
by independent entertainment companies, independent films are also produced and/or distributed by
subsidiaries of major film studios. Independent films are sometimes distinguishable by their content and
style and the way in which the filmmakers' personal artistic vision is realized. Usually, but not always,
independent films are made with considerably lower film budgets than major studio films. Generally, the
marketing of independent films is characterized by limited release, but can also have major marketing
campaigns and a wide release. Independent films are often screened at local, national, or international film
festivals before distribution. An independent film production can rival a mainstream film production if it
has the necessary funding and distribution. https://www.definitions.net/definition/indie+film
Mainstream films or the ones that are always being shown in the cinema has said to be highly-budgeted and
expensive. The directors and the production team of the film promotes the movie in almost every medium
that they can. They are utilizing their marketing strategies so you can almost see their trailers everywhere.
They are advertising the movie trailers through the use of the internet, radio and television advertisements,
magazines, posters and radio. Marketing is just one of the biggest factors to take in consideration in the
field of mainstream movies primarily because it is their way in communicating the general public and to
earn the profit for the film. The director also chooses the actors and actresses very well. They usually get
the A profile actors or the ones who has the name in the current time it is also to attract more viewers.
Mainstream films are known for using extravagant and highly use of special effects which is really different
from the independent films.
https://cinemarevoir.wordpress.com/2016/10/07/indie-films-vs-mainstream-movies/
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Did you know that Gym Lumbera, also known as Jim
Lumbera, who is a cinematographer, director, editor,
screen writer, and producer, is an alumnus of Canossa
Academy, Lipa City?
Yes, he is! He graduated from Canossa Academy High
School Department in 2004.
The indie filmswhich he was the director of include
Anak-araw (2012), Piding (2016), Eta (2012), Albino
(2012), and others. He was the cinematographer of
Orphea (2020), Violatro (2014), La Ultima Pelicula
(2014), Likas the Strange (2013) and others. He was the
director, editor, screenwriter and executive producer of
Taglish (2012).
He was nominated in several film festivals like Cinemanila International Film
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2846605/
Festival, GawadUrian Awards, Yamagata International Documentary Film
Festival, and others.
Sources of information: http://www.imdb.com and http://www.mubi.com
New Media
New media, also called, digital media refers to the various
products and services that provide information or
entertainment not by traditional methods such as television and
newspapers, but by using the computer and are distributed via the
internet or the world wide web. New media are inter-active and
incorporate two-way communication.
https://irevolution.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/yournewmedia001_3.jpg
New media is a catch-all term used for various kinds of electronic communications that are
conceivable due to innovation in computer technology. In contrast to “old” media, which includes
newspapers, magazines, books, television and other such non-interactive media, new media is comprised
of websites, online video/audio streams, email, online social platforms, online communities, online forums,
blogs, Internet telephony, Web advertisements, online education and much more.
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/416/new-media
