ENGLISH TEST 11

I. LISTENING
Part 1: For questions 1-5, listen to a girl called Kelly telling her friend John about her family holiday. Decide
if each sentence is True (T) or False (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.

1. Kelly and her brother enjoyed travelling around more than their parents did.
2. John knows that the weather was hot where Kelly was.
3. Kelly thought that her parents could afford to let her go windsurfing.
4. John thinks families should spend all their time together on holiday.
5. Kelly is sure her parents will buy a holiday home in the place they went to.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 2: For questions 6-13, listen to a woman talking about a man called William, who built a windmill in his
village in Africa and fill in the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER
taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces provided.

6. William's family didn’t have the $ ______________________________ needed for him to stay at school.
7. William always wanted to get a job as a ______________________________.
8. William was able to spend some time in the ______________________________ near his village.
9. William was keen to have electricity in his house so that he could have an electric
_____________________________ in his room.
10. William’s family wanted electricity so they could get ______________________________ more easily.
11. William's ______________________________ was the person who helped him build a windmill.
12. The blades of the windmill were made of ______________________________.
13. William's family is now able to grow ______________________________ as well as maize.

Part 3: For questions 14-20, listen to the news about the industry 4.0 and fill in the missing information.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces provided.
14. The fourth Industrial Revolution isn't going to be like the ______________________________ of computer
driven systems from the third revolution.
15. Industry 4.0 is about ______________________________ and an opportunity to change the industry’s
response to society’ needs.
16. KPMG discovered what those trailblazers were doing in their factories and offices and revealed some
______________________________ results.
17. Leaders are planning ahead with clear ______________________________ led by performance and tying
investment.
18. The major players are moving towards ______________________________ integration.
19. The major players are not afraid to look for opportunity in every element of their
______________________________.
20. It’s advisory that the manufacturers step up and start making ______________________________.

Part 4: For questions 21-25, listen to a radio interview with a professional dancer called Ross Curtis. Choose
the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answer A, B, C or D in the
corresponding numbered boxes.
21. What does Ross say about his current working life?
A. He likes the fact that he is developing his acting skills.
B. He has an increasing involvement in planning dance routines.
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C. He sees himself responsible for making the choreography come alive.
D. He takes pleasure in planning his teaching in a responsible way.
22. Ross says that his main problem is _______
A. finding a sufficient amount of work.
B. keeping physically fit.
C. choosing which company to work for.
D. managing his time effectively.
23. Ross says he needs to develop his ability to _______
A. cooperate with other people.
B. make efficient use of rehearsals.
C. assert himself.
D. learn new moves quickly.

24. How does Ross compare the working atmosphere in the two companies he works for?
A. They both have a strong commitment to dance.
B. They take a contrasting approach to their art.
C. One is much pleasanter to work in than the other.
D. They each bring out different aspects of a dancer’s style.
25. What does Ross hope to do in the future?
A. work in films
B. teach young dancers
C. set up his own business
D. study something quite different
Your answers
21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1 : Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. Write your answer A, B, C or D in the
corresponding numbered boxes.
1. Jim likes to become _______ with the local culture by reading about it before travelling.
A. aware B. familiar C. specialised D. accustomed
2. The area is considered unsafe for tourists. That’s _______ why we chose to go somewhere else.
A. directly B. particularly C. precisely D. namely
3. This time of year is the perfect time to take a trip to the coast as it _______ in summer.
A. ever hardly rains B. hardly ever rains C. rains hardly ever D. never hardly rains

4. There is no point laying the _______ on anyone; let’s work together to solve the problem.
A. blame B. liability C. guilt D. fault
5. _______ of banning all plastic shopping bags claim that it will drastically reduce plastic pollution.
A. Activists B. Solicitors C. Promoters D. Advocates
6. The article talks about how a very high fat diet puts people at _______ of heart disease.
A. danger B. risk C. threat D. fear
7. The new contract has _______ strong emotions within the workforce.
A. raised B. increased C. motivated D. aroused
8. She _______ the lights switched on. It never crosses her mind how much electricity she’s wasting.
A. has always left B. has been always leaving
C. is always leaving D. used to leave
9. _______ help me make this decision. I’m just so unsure of which direction to take for my future.
A. I’d sooner you will B. I wish you will
C. If only you could D. I rather you
10. The film was expected _______ by the end of the month.
A. to being completed B. to have completed
C. having been completed D. to have been completed
11. Computer programming is certainly not my _______ of expertise.
A. part B. section C. system D. area
12. The students would find the flat more _______ if it were closer to the college.
A. suitable B. adequate C. convenient D. practical
13. The restaurant offers a _______ range of international dishes.
A. wide B. distinct C. changeable D. various
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14. Breaking his leg dealt a _______ to his chances of his becoming a professional footballer.
A. thump B. strike C. hit D. blow
15. Work _______ most of my life and I don’t have much time to play sports.
A. organises B. occupies C. engages D. compiles
16. Although you can grow pineapples in a greenhouse, they only _______ in a tropical environment.
A. thrive B. abide C. resound D. arise
17. Thomas said _______ this film would give me a better understanding of French cinema.
A. by watching B. watching C. to watch D. if watching
18. No sooner _______ than the audience burst into applause.
A. had the lights gone down B. the lights had gone down
C. the lights going down D. the lights went down
19. The production company _______ the capital to build a new theatre.
A. lacks of B. had lack C. was lack of D. lacked
20. _______ the part, he will have made a huge step forward in his career
A. If he had got B. Would he get C. Should he get D. Were he to get
21. The director gave the actors lots of useful _______ at the end of the rehearsal.
A. comeback B. feedback C. assessment D. rebuttals
22. His race times were lower than usual yesterday; he _______ the effects of the flu he had.
A. must be feeling B. must feel C. must have been feeling D. should have felt
23. When I saw the mouse scuttling towards me, I nearly jumped out of my ______.
A. skin B. straw C. nails D. stomach
24. Only three of the students in my class are girls; __________ are all boys.
A. the others B. other students C. others D. the other
25. To solve this problem, it is advisable _________.
A. a drastic measure to be adopted B. that a drastic measure to be adopted
C. that a drastic measure is adopted D. that a drastic measure be adopted

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10. 11. 12 13. 14.

15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

22. 23 24. 25.

Part 2: Complete each sentence with one suitable preposition or particle. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes.

1.You can’t go into the studio just yet as the programme is still _______ the air.
2. My mother is confined _______ a wheelchair so she doesn’t go out very much.
3. Don’t forget to bring _______ the matter of the new park at the council meeting.
4. The employee showed total disregard _______ the company rules and was dismissed.
5. I’m not sure how the accident came _______ but I suspect somebody was being careless.
6. He has a talent for getting the most complicated ideas _______.
7. I don’t think there’s enough fruit to go _______. Could you get some more?
8. _______ second thoughts, I don’t think I want to go to the concert.
9. I don’t think we can rule _______ this possibility after all.
10. We put _______ a sum of money each month for our summer holidays.

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3: Write the correct FORM of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided in the column on the
right. (0) has been done as an example.
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 OBESITY
Today, obesity has reached epidemic proportions. In adults, it is now more common globally than under-nutrition.
Unless (0. EFFECT) _______ action is taken to reverse the trend, obesity and its consequences are set to impose
(1. PRECEDENT) _______ financial, social and health burdens on society. Obesity is caused by an energy (2.
BALANCE) _________; when an individual's intake of calories exceeds their (3. EXPEND) _______ of
calories, the surplus energy is stored as body weight. But what is the main (4. DRIVE) _______ of the current
obesity epidemic? Unfortunately, here, consensus among experts is absent. The relative importance of genetic,
environmental, (5. BEHAVE) __________ and social factors is still hotly debated. While experts disagree as to
the reasons why we now (6. EAT) _______ to the extent we do, they do agree that the shift from traditional diets
featuring grains and vegetables to diets rich in fat and sugar is fuelling the epidemic. Today, it’s cheaper to buy
fast food than it is nutritious food; it's easier to find it; and it's (7. EXCEED) _______ easy to get addicted to it (in
part because it is heavily marketed, in part because it has been specifically engineered by food chemists to taste
(8. RESIST) ______). Unfortunately, the food industry cannot be expected either to alter their products or market
them in such a way as to reduce their appeal to consumers, as they have a duty to their shareholders to maximise
profits. Thus, food manufacturers cannot be called upon to play an (9. CONSTRUCT) _______ role in the obesity
epidemic. It is for this reason that many experts favour government intervention in the fight against obesity.
Specifically, the (10. INTRODUCE) _______ of legislation that would suspend all junk food advertising to
children.

Your answers: 0. effective

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

III. READING
Part 1: Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Write your
answer in the corresponding numbered boxes.
English village life

For some people, life in an English village is a form of retreat, allowing them to live closer to nature in a
relaxed and peaceful setting. Others, who perhaps are more accustomed to the hustle and bustle of city life, may
feel more (1) _______ about living in a quiet and perhaps more isolated place and consider the idea of everyone
knowing each other quite bizarre. However, it is this notion of a (2) _______ community which is often a striking
difference between city and country life. Knowing everyone near where you live and having (3) _______ respect
for your neighbours in a small community does, in effect, (4) ______. If someone needs help or is ill, they will
find themselves in a (5) _______ position where they feel well supported. You could say that (6) _______ is a
fundamental aspect of survival in such places. Villagers tend to (7) _______ keeping their communities thriving
through liaising with each other, maintaining social clubs and events, and keeping the local amenities running. If
you visit any English village, you come (8) _______ an eclectic mix of characters. Whilst you can expect some
rather (9) _______ landowners to be influential in village parish matters, you will also get to talk to people from
all (10) _______ of life. Living in a village might not be everyone’s cup of tea but one thing’s for sure, there is a
lot to be said for it.

1. A. suspicious B. troubled C. apprehensive D. mistrustful

2. A. close-knit B. jam-packed C. thickset D. close-up
3. A. collective B. two-sided C. mutual D. returned
4. A. pay for B. pay off C. work off D. work for
5. A. grateful B. suitable C. respective D. favourable
6. A. connecting B. networking C. associating D. corresponding
7. A. take pride in B. make proud of C. be proud in D. have pride for
8. A. up B. by C. across D. along
9. A. plentiful B. abundant C. sustaining D. affluent
10. A. genres B. walks C. characters D. breeds
Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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Part 2: Fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes.
New camera can see through walls-and may save lives
A camera that can see through clothes, skin and even walls without X-rays has been developed in what is (1)
_______ called one of the first great technological breakthroughs of the 21st century. The “terahertz” camera, still
in prototype form, is under rapid development by scientists in Oxfordshire. It is likely (2) _______ have many
applications, ranging (3) _______ medical scanning to identifying concealed weapons on airline passengers.
Unlike with X-rays, patients are (4) _______ exposed to potentially harmful radiation. Instead the camera detects
a form of energy waves which are naturally emitted by all objects. The existence of (5) _______ waves has been
recognised for a long time, but the technology needed to capture them on camera has so (6) _______ been too
complex and expensive. Now a team of scientists has succeeded in building a prototype in just three months. The
first image which was captured by the device revealed the outline of a human hand, clearly visible (7) _______
being hidden under a thick book. If such a device could be mass produced, there could be one in every doctor’s
surgery, offering a completely safe new window into the human body. Disease or tissue damage could be detected
at a much (8) _______ stage, increasing the chances of successful treatment. The technology will be
controversial, (9) _______, as the camera could reveal body shape beneath clothing (10) _______ the subject’s
permission, or even knowledge. Civil liberties groups will, therefore, probably object to its being used on the
grounds that it invades the individual’s privacy.

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3: Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.

For questions 1-5, Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below. Write your
answers i-vii in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.

List of Headings
i. An experiment using people who are receiving medical treatment
ii. The experiment that convinced all the researchers
iii. Medical benefits of hypnosis make scientific proof less important
iv. Lack of data leads to opposing views of hypnotism
v. The effects of hypnosis on parts of the brain involved in vision
vi. Inducing pain through the use of hypnotism
vii. Experiments used to support conflicting views

1. Section A
2. Section B
3. Section C
4. Section D
5. Section E

Your answers:
1. 1. 3. 4. 5.

Hypnotism - is it real or just a circus trick?

A. Hypnosis has been shown through a number of rigorously controlled studies to reduce pain, control blood
pressure, and even make warts go away. But because very few studies have attempted to define the actual
processes involved, most scientists are skeptical of its power and uses. That skepticism has driven David Spiegel,
a professor of psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine, USA, and other researchers to take a hard
look at what happens in the brain during hypnosis.
Among researchers there are two schools of thought. One claims that hypnosis fundamentally alters subjects' state
of mind: they enter a trance, which produces changes in brain activity. The other believes that hypnosis is simply
a matter of suggestibility and relaxation. Spiegel belongs to the first school and over the years has had a debate
with two scientists on the other side, Irving Kirsch, a University of Connecticut psychologist, and Stephen
Kosslyn, a Harvard professor.

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B. Kirsch often uses hypnosis in his practice and doesn’t deny that it can be effective. ‘With hypnosis you do put
people in altered states,’ he says. ‘But you don’t need a trance to do it.’ To illustrate the point, Kirsch
demonstrates how a subject holding a small object on a chain can make it swing in any direction by mere
suggestion, the chain responding to minute movements in the tiny muscles of the fingers. ‘You don’t have to enter
a trance for your subconscious and your body to act upon a suggestion,’ Kirsch says. ‘The reaction is the result of
your focusing on moving the chain in a particular direction.’
Spiegel disagrees. One of his best known studies found that when subjects were hypnotised and given suggestions
their brain wave patterns changed, indicating that they had entered a trance. In one of his studies, people under
hypnosis were told their forearms were numb, then given light electrical shocks to the wrists. They didn’t flinch
or respond in any way, and their brain waves resembled those of people who experienced a much weaker shock.
To Kirsch this still wasn't enough to prove the power of trance, but Stephen Kosslyn was willing to be convinced.
Many external factors could have been responsible for the shift in the subjects’ state of mind, but Kosslyn
wondered, ‘Is there really something going on in the brain?’
C. To find out, Spiegel and Kosslyn decided to collaborate on a study focusing on a part of the brain that is well
understood: the circuit which has been found to process the perception of colour. Spiegel and Kosslyn wanted to
see if subjects could set off the circuit by visualising colour while under hypnosis. They selected eight people for
the experiment conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital. The subjects were put in a scanner and shown a
slide with coloured rectangles while their brain activity was mapped. Then they were shown a black and white
slide and told to imagine its having colour. Both tasks were then repeated under hypnosis.
The results were striking. When the subjects truly saw the coloured rectangles, the circuit lit up on both sides of
the brain; when they only had to imagine the colour, the circuit lit up only in the right hemisphere. Under
hypnosis, however, both sides of the brain became active, just as in regular sight; imagination seemed to take on
the quality of a hallucination.

After the experiment, Kosslyn was forced to admit, ‘I’m absolutely convinced now that hypnosis can boost what
mental imagery does.' But Kirsch remained skeptical, saying, ‘The experiments demonstrate that people are
experiencing the effects of hypnotic suggestion but don't prove that they are entering a trance.’ He also argued
that subjects were told to see the card in colour when they were hypnotised but only to imagine it in colour when
they weren't. 'Being told to pretend you’re having an experience is different from the suggestion to have the
experience.’
D. Spiegel, however, is a clinician first and a scientist second. He believes the most important thing is that doctors
recognise the power of hypnosis and start to use it. Working with Elvira Lang, a radiologist at a Harvard Medical
Centre, he is testing the use of hypnosis in the operating room just as he and Kosslyn did in the scanner. Spiegel
and Lang took 241 patients scheduled for surgery and divided them into three groups. One group received
standard care, another standard care with a sympathetic care provider and the third received standard care, a
sympathetic care provider and hypnosis. Every 15 minutes the patients were asked to rate their pain and anxiety
levels. They were also hooked up to painkilling medication which they could administer to themselves.
On average, Spiegel and Lang found the hypnotised subjects used less medication, experienced less pain and felt
far less anxiety than the other two groups. Original results published in The Lancet have been further supported by
ongoing studies conducted by Lang.
E. Spiegel’s investigations into the nature of hypnosis and its effects on the brain continue. However, if hypnosis
is ever to work its way into mainstream medicine and everyday use, physicians will need to know there is solid
science behind what sounds like mysticism. Only then will their reluctance to using such things as mind over
matter be overcome. ‘I agree that the medical use of hypnotism should be based on data rather than belief,’ says
Spiegel, ‘but in the end it doesn’t really matter why it works, as long as it helps our patients.’

For questions 6-10, choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided.
6. Kirsch uses a small object on a chain to demonstrate that _______.
A. inducing a trance is a simple process
B. responding to a suggestion does not require a trance
C. muscles respond as a result of a trance
D. it is difficult to identify a trance

7. Spiegel disagrees with Kirsch because the subjects in Spiegel’s experiment _______.
A. believed what they were told
B. showed changes in brain activity
C. responded as expected to shocks
D. had similar reactions to control subjects

8. Kosslyn’s response to Spiegel’s electric shock experiment was to _______.

A. challenge the results because of external factors
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B. work with Kirsch to disprove Spiegel’s results
C. reverse his previous position on trance
D. accept that Spiegel’s ideas might be correct

9. Spiegel and Kosslyn’s experiment was designed to show that hypnosis _______.
A. affects the electrical responses of the brain
B. could make colour appear as black and white
C. has an effect on how shapes are perceived
D. can enhance the subject’s imagination

10. Kirsch thought Spiegel and Kosslyn’s results ______.

A. were worthy of further investigation
B. had nothing to do with hypnotic suggestion
C. showed that the possibility of trance existed
D. were affected by the words used in the instructions

Your answers:
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

For questions 11-14, decide whether the following statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG).
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.

11. Spiegel is more interested in scientific research than medical practice.

12. Patients in the third group in Spiegel and Lang’s experiment were easily hypnotised.
13. In Spiegel and Lang’s experiment, a smaller amount of painkiller was needed by the hypnotised patients than
by the other two groups.
14. Spiegel feels that doctors should use hypnotism only when it is fully understood.
Your answers:
11. 12. 13. 14.

Part 4: For questions 1-11, read the following passage and choose the answer A, B, C or D which fits best
according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.

MINERALS AND PLANTS

Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development. The soil
is the source of these minerals, which are absorbed by the plant with the water from the soil. Even nitrogen,
which is a gas in its elemental state, is normally absorbed from the soil as nitrate ions. Some soils are notoriously
deficient in micro nutrients and are therefore unable to support most plant life. So-called serpentine soils, for
example, are deficient in calcium, and only plants able to tolerate low levels of this mineral can survive. In
modern agriculture, mineral depletion of soils is a major concern, since harvesting crops interrupts the recycling
of nutrients back to the soil.
Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting
in yellow or white leaf tissue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red
pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant. Soils
are most commonly deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit many of the
symptoms just described. Leaves develop chlorosis; stems are short and slender; and anthocyanin discoloration
occurs on stems, petioles, and lower leaf surfaces. Phosphorus-deficient plants are often stunted, with leaves turn-
ing a characteristic dark green, often with the accumulation of anthocyanin. Typically, older leaves are affected
first as the phosphorus is mobilized to young growing tissue. Iron deficiency is characterized by chlorosis
between veins in young leaves.
Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydro- ponically, that is. in soilless
liquid nutrient solutions. This technique allows researchers to create solutions that selectively omit certain
nutrients and then observe the resulting effects on the plants. Hydroponics has applications beyond basic research,
since it facilitates the growing of greenhouse vegetables during winter. Aeroponics, a technique in which plants
are suspended and the roots misted with a nutrient solution, is another method for growing plants without soil.
While mineral deficiencies can limit the growth of plants, an overabundance of certain minerals can be toxic
and can also limit growth. Saline soils, which have high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts, limit
plant growth, and research continues to focus on developing salt-tolerant varieties of agricultural crops. Research
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has focused on the toxic effects of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and aluminum; however, even
copper and zinc, which are essential elements, can become toxic in high concentrations. Although most plants
cannot survive in these soils, certain plants have the ability to tolerate high levels of these minerals.
Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyperaccumulators, can concentrate minerals at
levels a hundredfold or greater than normal. [A] A survey of known hyperaccumulators identified that 75 percent
of them amassed nickel; cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, lead, and cadmium are other minerals of choice. [B]
Hyperaccumulators run the entire range of the plant world. [C] They may be herbs, shrubs, or trees. [D] Many
members of the mustard family, spurge family, legume family, and grass family are top hyperaccumulators. Many
are found in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, where accumulation of high concentrations of metals may
afford some protection against plant-eating insects and microbial pathogens.
Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been
contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals—an environmentally friendly approach known as
phytoremediation. This scenario begins with the planting of hyperaccumulating species in the target area,
such as an abandoned mine or an irrigation pond contaminated by runoff. Toxic minerals would first be
absorbed by roots but later relocated to the stem and leaves. A harvest of the shoots would remove the toxic
compounds off site to be burned or composted to recover the metal for industrial uses. After several years of
cultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial,
the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils. For example, in field trials, the plant alpine
pennycress removed zinc and cadmium from soils near a zinc smelter, and Indian mustard, native to Pakistan
and India, has been effective in reducing levels of selenium salts by 50 percent in contaminated soils.
1. According to paragraph 1, what is true of plants that can grow in serpentine soils?
A. They absorb micronutrients unusually well.
B. They require far less calcium than most plants do.
C. They are able to absorb nitrogen in its elemental state.
D. They are typically crops raised for food.
2. According to paragraph 2, which of the following symptoms occurs in phosphorus-deficient plants but not in
plants deficient in nitrogen or iron?
A. Chlorosis on leaves
B. Change in leaf pigmentation to a dark shade of green
C. Short, stunted appearance of stems
D. Reddish pigmentation on the leaves or stem
3. According to paragraph 2, a symptom of iron deficiency is the presence in young leaves of _______.
A. deep red discoloration between the veins
B. white or yellow tissue between the veins
C. dead spots between the veins
D. characteristic dark green veins

4. The word "facilitates" in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.

A. slows down B. affects C. makes easier D. focuses on
5. According to paragraph 3, what is the advantage of hydroponics for research on nutrient deficiencies in plants?
A. It allows researchers to control what nutrients a plant receives.
B. It allows researchers to observe the growth of a large number of plants simultaneously.
C. It is possible to directly observe the roots of plants.
D. It is unnecessary to keep misting plants with nutrient solutions.
6. Why does the author mention "herbs." "shrubs," and "trees"?
A. To provide examples of plant types that cannot tolerate high levels of harmful minerals
B. To show why so many plants are hyperaccumulators
C. To help explain why hyperaccumulators can be found in so many different places
D. To emphasize that hyperaccumulators occur in a wide range of plant types
7. The word "afford" in the passage is closest in meaning to _______.
A. offer B. prevent C. increase D. remove
8. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph
6? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Before considering phytoremediation, hyperaccumulating species of plants local to the target area must be
identified.
B. The investigation begins with an evaluation of toxic sites in the target area to determine the extent of
contamination.
C. The first step in phytoremediation is the planting of hyperaccumulating plants in the area to be cleaned up.
D. Mines and irrigation ponds can be kept from becoming contaminated by planting hyperaccumulating species in
targeted areas.
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9. It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that compared with standard practices for remediation of contaminated
soils, phytoremediation _______.
A. does not allow for the use of the removed minerals for industrial purposes
B. can be faster to implement
C. is equally friendly to the environment
D. is less suitable for soils that need to be used within a short period of time
10. Why does the author mention "Indian mustard"?
A. To warn about possible risks involved in phytoremediation
B. To help illustrate the potential of phytoremediation
C. To show that hyperaccumulating plants grow in many regions of the world
D. To explain how zinc contamination can be reduced
11. Which of the following square brackets [A], [B], [C], or [D] best indicates where in the paragraph the
sentence “Certain minerals are more likely to be accumulated in large quantities than others.” can be inserted?
A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]

Your answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

IV. WRITING
Part 1: Use the word given in brackets and make any necessary additions to write a new sentence in such a
way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence. Do NOT change the form of the given
word. You must use between three and six words, including the word given.
1.The pie chart didn’t make sense to me until Mike explained it. (had)
→ Only when Mike __________________________________________ it make sense to him.
2.The colour of the library walls will be changed as long as the college authorities agree to pay for it. (subject)
→ The colour of the library walls will be changed _________________________________________ to pay for
it.
3. People say that eating a large meal just before bedtime means you sleep less well. (supposed)
→ Eating a large meal just before bedtime __________________________________________ a negative effect
on how well you sleep.
4. Perhaps Fiona forgot to take her newspaper with her when she got off the train. (may)
→ Fiona __________________________________________ the train when she got off.
5.The author couldn’t think what to call his novel. (come)
→ The author wasn’t able __________________________________________ for his novel.
6. I think it is unlikely that there will be any improvement in the situation. (likelihood)
→ I think __________________________________________ the situation improving.

7.The committee will have to consider many factors before coming to a decision. (account)
→ The committee will have to __________________________________________ before coming to a decision.
8. He will not be put off taking that trip to China. (deter)
→ Nothing __________________________________________ trip to China.
9. Didn’t you want me to tell the staff about your resignation? (rather)
→ Would __________________________________________ the staff know about your resignation?
10. I want to inform you that I was not satisfied with the standard of service in your hotel. (express)
→ I would __________________________________________ with the standard of service in your hotel.

Part 2: Write an essay of about 250 words on the following topic:

Some people say that individuals who make a lot of money are the most successful. Others think that those who
contribute to society like scientists and teachers are more successful.
Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.

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____The End _____

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