Theme 1: Education

Unit 1: English- Vietnamese translation

1. New plans to boost education

The British government is soon to pass legislation that would raise the school leaving age to
18. The new plans will come into effect by 2015. Pupils will have the choice of staying in
formal classroom education that covers academic lessons, or of receiving vocational training.
It is the first major revision of the compulsory education age limit since 1972, when it went
up to the present 16 years old. The government hopes the additional two years of schooling
or training will bolster the quality of young Britons and ensure more British youth have
qualifications or workplace skills. If successful, Britain may be able to boast the best
educated and most highly trained school leavers in the world, which is bound to have
positive knock-on effects for industry and the economy. It should also bring down levels of
crime.

Britain’s Minister for Education Alan Johnson told The Times newspaper that it was
"repellent that a youngster of 16 is not getting any training". He lamented on his mistakes
of the past, saying: "I regret not staying on in education... when I left school there were
loads of jobs you could walk into without qualifications. That's not going to be the case in
the future." The leader of Britain’s teaching union Steve Sinnott concurred. He described
the upcoming legislation as "inevitable". He warned: "We cannot afford to neglect those
young people who currently leave school at 16 unprepared for the rigors and demands of
life in the 21st Century." Toby Ashford, a 16-year-old student from London wasn’t as
enthusiastic. He complained that: “It is another example of politicians trying to be Big
Brother with young people.”

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:

✓ - come into effect

✓ - formal classroom education
✓ - vocational training
✓ - compulsory education
✓ - workplace skills
✓ - lamented on

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✓ - the upcoming legislation
✓ - the rigors and demands of life

2. Children learn social skills in Web worlds

New research carried out by the BBC suggests that children aged 6-12 can learn
important social skills in virtual worlds. The BBC website says: “Virtual worlds can be
valuable places where children rehearse what they will do in real life.”

The study’s lead researcher, Professor David Gauntlett, stated that children interacting
with others online and exploring web worlds was better for kids than passive pastimes
like watching TV.

He said the children adopted different roles when they ventured through the virtual
world; Some were explorers, others were social climbers, while others were fighters or
collectors.

Professor Gauntlet indicated that the virtual world was a safe place for children to
rehearse real-life situations without the negative or painful consequences of the real
world.

The BBC’s research was carried out using its own Children’s BBC online world called
Adventure Rock. In it, children have to explore, create things and ask questions as they go
deeper into the game. It is a closed world where children’s avatars cannot meet or
communicate. Kids can share tips and hints for other users on a message board, which is
controlled and edited by BBC staff.

There are none of the chat rooms or discussion boards normally found in virtual worlds
like Second Life. The emphasis is on safety for kids in an online environment without
advertising and sales gimmicks

Researchers also asked parents about their feelings towards their children spending time
in Adventure Rock. The findings were presented at the Conference on Virtual Worlds for
Children on 23 May 2008.

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 Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:
✓ - virtual worlds
✓ - passive pastimes
✓ - adopted different roles
✓ - a closed world
✓ - tips and hints
✓ - sales gimmicks

Vietnamese - English translation

Language focus: Verb tenses
1. Đây là lần đầu tiên anh ấy học tiếng Anh và anh ấy thấy kỹ năng nghe hiểu là khó nhất.
................................................................................................................................................
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2. Đây là quyển sách hay nhất mà anh ấy từng đọc và anh ấy mới đọc được 54 trang.
................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
3. Giáo dục được coi là quốc sách và Việt Nam đang đầu tư khá nhiều tiền cho giáo dục
phổ thông.
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4. Anh ấy học 7 năm tiếng Anh ở phổ thông và 4 năm ở đại học mà bây giờ chỉ nói được
chút ít thôi.
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5. "Học, học nữa và học mãi" là phương châm của người công nhân này, nên anh ấy
đang theo học lớp đại học tại chức vào các buổi tối trong tuần.
................................................................................................................................................
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6. Cấp tiểu học bắt đầu năm 6 tuổi đến hết năm 11 tuổi. Đây là cấp học bắt buộc đối với
mọi công dân. Học sinh phải học các môn sau: Toán, Tiếng Việt, Tự nhiên và Xã

3
hội , Khoa học , Lịch sử , Địa lý , Âm nhạc, Mỹ thuật, Đạo đức, Thể dục, Tin học , Tiếng
Anh.
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7. Là người học tập, sinh sống và làm việc tại Nhật Bản hơn 40 năm qua, tôi nhận thấy ở
Nhật Bản, học sinh tiểu học được giáo dục rất tốt về ý thức cộng đồng và chương trình
giáo dục cũng rất phong phú.
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8. Học sinh muốn được theo học tại các trường trung học phổ thông công lập phải dự một
kỳ thi tuyển sinh sau khi học hết cấp trung học cơ sở.
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 Unit 2: English- Vietnamese translation

1. World education missing the mark

A report from the Global Campaign for Education (GCE) organization has said that the
world’s richest countries have broken their promises to send the world’s poorest children
to school. Five years ago, 22 rich nations decided to give $5.4 billion to developing
countries for primary school education. GCE has written “school report cards” on these
countries and their performance - most score badly. They graded the quantity and quality
of education aid programmes. The USA and Austria received an “F” grade; Norway and
Holland are top of the class with “A’s”. There are still millions of children who have no
schools to go to.

The report says that: “For about the cost of four Stealth bombers, we could get 100
million more children into school.” A GCE spokesperson said: “Put simply rich countries
are preventing children in poor countries from going to school.” The report ended with a
warning of what might happen if children have no education: We are throwing away the
best chance we have to put an end to world poverty, and secure a more peaceful and
stable future for us all.”

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:
✓ - Global Campaign for Education
✓ - primary school education
✓ - education aid programmes
✓ - the cost of four Stealth bombers
✓ - throw away the best chance
✓ - put an end to sth

2. China Protects its Language from English

Chinese authorities have taken steps to protect its language from the increasing use of
English and other languages. The People’s Daily Online website says, “with economic
and social development, foreign languages are increasingly being used in all types of
publications in China, including in newspapers, books, e-books and on the Internet”.
China’s General Administration of Press and Publication (GAPP) said the invasion of

5
 English words and abbreviations in Chinese texts is “abusing the language”. Its website
stated English has, “severely damaged the standard and purity of the Chinese language
and disrupted the harmonious and healthy language and cultural environment, causing
negative social impacts”.

Officials from GAPP issued clear guidelines on how all Chinese publishers must now act,
saying: “It is banned to mix at will foreign language phrases such as English words or
abbreviations with Chinese publications, creating words of vague meaning that are not
exactly Chinese.” This means abbreviations and acronyms that are currently widely used
in Chinese publications, such as WTO, GDP and even IBM, must now be replaced with
their Chinese equivalents. One editor at a Beijing publishing house said the translations
would be time-consuming and confusing. He said: “I wonder how many people
understand 'guoji shangye jiqi gongsi,’ when IBM is instantly recognizable.”

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:
✓ - take steps
✓ - the invasion of English words
✓ - disrupted the harmonious and healthy
language
✓ - negative social impacts
✓ - clear guidelines
✓ - at will
✓ - Chinese equivalents

Vietnamese - English translation

Language focus: Conditional sentences and wish - clauses
1. Nếu cậu học chăm chỉ, cậu sẽ đạt điểm cao trong kỳ thi sắp tới.
.................................................................................................................................
2. Nam đã thi trượt đại học. Nếu cậu ấy học tích cực như tôi, thì cậu ấy đã thi đỗ vào
trường Đại Học ngoại Thương rồi.
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..................................................................................................................

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3. Giả sử bạn được chọn 1 trường đại học ở Hà Nội, bạn sẽ chọn trường nào và theo học
ngành gì?
................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
4. Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ đi du học ở Ca Na Đa vì đất nước này có nền giáo dục tiên tiến
hơn so với các nước khác.
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5. Giá như môi trường học tập ở đây cũng giống như ở Nước Úc nhỉ.
.................................................................................................................................
6. Nếu giáo sư, tiến sĩ trong nước có trình độ ra nước ngoài dạy thì mức thu nhập lại
khác.
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7. Ước gì lương giáo viên được tăng gấp đôi hiện nay và môi trường làm việc tốt hơn.
................................................................................................................................................
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8. Nêú trường này được trang bị thêm máy vi tính thì chất lượng giảng dạy sẽ cao hơn
nhiều.
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 Theme 2: Environment
Unit 3: English- Vietnamese translation

1. Typhoon Nesat threatens Vietnam after Hong Kong, Hainan

A typhoon that caused death and destruction in the Philippines and shut down Hong
Kong is now heading towards the coast of Vietnam. About 100,000 homes were
evacuated on the southern Chinese island of Hainan as Typhoon Nesat threatened to
cause landslides.

Fishing boats in northern Vietnam have been ordered to return to port as the storm
approaches. The typhoon killed at least 39 people in the Philippines. The Chinese
authorities on Hainan island called boats back to port, suspended flights and ferry
services, and closed schools.

Typhoon Nesat made landfall in Hainan's Wenchang city, packing winds of up to 150
km/h (93 mph). The typhoon forced the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and most businesses
and schools there to close on Thursday as it swept past the territory, bringing howling
winds, torrential rain and rough seas.

All ferry and some bus services were cancelled, and trains operated at a reduced
frequency. There were few people on the streets, with 100km/h winds shredding
umbrellas and making it hard to walk. Local radio reported that two people, including a
taxi driver, were injured when scaffolding collapsed onto a taxi.

And a large cargo barge crashed into the seafront after slipping its moorings, television
footage showed. About 50 people had to be evacuated from a nearby block of flats.
Neighbouring Macau was also affected, with schools and businesses closed. But the city's
glittering casinos remained open for the tourists who managed to get there.

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:
✓ - shut down Hong Kong
✓ - suspended flights and ferry services
✓ - packing winds of up to 150 km/h (93 mph)
✓ - bringing howling winds, torrential rain and
rough seas
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✓ - at a reduced frequency
✓ - crashed into the seafront

2. Turkey earthquake: Rescue teams search for survivors

Rescue teams are searching for dozens of people trapped in rubble after a 5.6-magnitude
earthquake struck eastern Turkey, killing at least seven people. Twenty-five buildings
have collapsed, including a six-storey hotel in the city of Van, where journalists and aid
workers were staying, officials said. Emergency workers said 23 people have been
rescued alive but that many more remain unaccounted-for.

Last month, a 7.2-magnitude quake in the same area killed 600 people. All but three of
the buildings which toppled in Wednesday's quake were empty, Turkey's deputy prime
minister said, as they had evacuated following the 23 October tremor. Besir Atalay said
that the rescue work was concentrating on those three - two collapsed hotels and one
apartment building. Twenty-five buildings have collapsed, including a six-storey hotel in
the city of Van, where journalists and aid workers were staying, officials said.

The quake hit late on Wednesday at 21:23 (19:23 GMT) with its epicentre in the Edremit
district, 16km (10 miles) south of Van, the US Geological Survey said. Television
pictures from Van showed residents and rescuers trying to lift debris to free people
trapped under ruined buildings. Rescue workers were using high-powered lights to work
through the night.

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:

✓ - a 5.6-magnitude earthquake
- many more remain unaccounted-for.
- aid workers
- hit late on Wednesday
- epicentre
- high-powered lights
✓

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Language focus: Passive voice
1. Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese
1. About 100,000 homes were evacuated on the southern Chinese island of Hainan as
Typhoon Nesat threatened to cause landslides.
2. Fishing boats in northern Vietnam have been ordered to return to port as the storm
approaches.
3. Two people, including a taxi driver, were injured when scaffolding collapsed onto a
taxi.
4. Neighbouring Macau was also affected, with schools and businesses closed.
5. Emergency workers said 23 people have been rescued alive but that many more remain
unaccounted-for.
6. Rescue teams are searching for dozens of people trapped in rubble after a 5.6-
magnitude earthquake struck eastern Turkey.
7. Television pictures from Van showed residents and rescuers trying to lift debris to free
people trapped under ruined buildings.

2. Translate the following sentences into English

1. Nhiều quả đồi trọc ở khu vực này sẽ được phủ xanh vào năm tới.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
2. Các con kênh đào ô nhiễm đã được nạo vét và các bạn có thể nhìn thấy nhiều đàn cá
đang bơi lội tung tăng.
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................................................................................................................................................
3. Nhiều người bị chết do nguồn nước ở đây bị ô nhiễm nặng.
................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
4. Nhiều cây trồng và vật nuôi bị ảnh hưởng bởi chất thải của nhà máy này.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
5. Chính phủ nên có biện pháp mạnh để bảo vệ các cánh rừng đang bị tàn phá.

10
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6. Hãy chung tay bảo vệ môi trường. Hãy bảo vệ các loài động vật đang có nguy cơ tuyệt
chủng.
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 Unit 4: English- Vietnamese translation

1. Divorce is bad for the environment

Divorce is bad for the environment. This is the conclusion of a research study carried out
by ecologists at Michigan State University in the USA and published in the journal
'Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'. Researchers found that divorce has
different kinds of negative impacts on the planet, including a higher demand for resources
and a lower rate of efficiency in the use of household resources.

The research team analyzed data on married couples and their use of resources in 12
countries, including the USA, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Greece, Mexico and South
Africa. Lead researchers Eunice Yu and Jianguo Liu discovered that divorce led to
smaller average household sizes, which resulted in a larger number of total households
and thus a greater demand for energy, water, and land.

In many countries around the world divorce rates have been rising. "A married household
actually uses resources more efficiently," said Mr Liu. He added that people seemed
surprised by his findings at first, and then after thinking about it, decided it was simple.
He said: "People have been talking about how to protect the environment and combat
climate change, but divorce is an overlooked factor that needs to be considered."

His report states that in America in 2005, divorcees could have saved more than 73
billion kilowatt-hours of electricity and 627 billion gallons of water if they had stayed
married. In percentage terms, divorcees used 42-61 percent more resources per person
compared with a married person. To help save natural resources, Yu and Liu
recommended that governments consider the environmental impact of divorce and
separation.

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:
- National Academy of Sciences
- rate of efficiency
- married household
- combat climate change
- the environmental impact of divorce and
separation

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 2. World prepares to save energy for an hour

Millions of buildings around the globe will be dark for an hour on Saturday, March 28 as
the third Earth Hour takes place. The event is organized by the World Wildlife Fund
which started in 2007 as a way of drawing attention to the dangers of climate change.

The Earth Hour website says: “For the first time in history, people of all ages,
nationalities, race and background have the opportunity to use their light switch as their
vote – Switching off your lights is a vote for Earth, or leaving them on is a vote for global
warming.” Organizers hope their message will reach a billion people. UN Secretary-
General Ban Ki-moon said Earth Hour promises to be “the largest demonstration of
public concern about climate change ever attempted”.

Not everyone agrees that Earth Hour will help. Many see it as being too little, too late and
that not much will change when the lights are switched back on. Climate campaigner
Clive Hamilton says: "We are well past the time for feel-good exercises aimed at raising
awareness… It's like the band playing on as the Titanic sinks.”

He says the event is risky because the next morning people will think the climate has
recovered a little. "Symbolism is powerful if it leads to action, but dangerous if it
substitutes for it," he says. Environmentalist Mark Alexander-Warne agrees. He stresses
the need to reduce our daily energy consumption, rather than simply “sitting around in the
dark” for an hour.

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:

- a vote for Earth

- the largest demonstration of public concern
- raising awareness
- the event is risky
- symbolism is powerful
✓

Language focus: Relative clauses

1. Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese

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1. Divorce led to smaller average household sizes, which resulted in a larger number of
total households and thus a greater demand for energy, water, and land.
2. Divorce is an overlooked factor that needs to be considered.
3. The event is organized by the World Wildlife Fund which started in 2007 as a way of
drawing attention to the dangers of climate change.
4. This is the conclusion of a research study carried out by ecologists at Michigan State
University in the USA.
5. We are well past the time for feel-good exercises aimed at raising awareness…
2. Translate the following sentences into English
1. Gia tăng dân số là một vấn đề mà các nước nghèo đặc biệt quan tâm.
................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
2. Con người đã và đang khai thác đến mức cạn kiệt các nguồn tài nguyên, làm cho cuộc
sống của chúng ta càng khó khăn.
................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
3. Cô ấy là người tham gia rất tích cực vào việc bảo vệ các loài động vật đang có nguy cơ
tuyệt chủng.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
4. Đây là công trình kiến trúc được cho là rất thân thiện với môi trường xung quanh.
................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
5. Môi trường thân thiện là môi trường mà ở đó ta sẽ được tận hưởng được những giây
phút thư giãn trong bầu không khí trong lành, được tận hưởng những cảnh đẹp từ thiên
nhiên.
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14
 Theme 3: Politics
Unit 5: English- Vietnamese translation

1. ASEAN Foreign Ministers Discuss Dispute

Indonesian Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa says ASEAN foreign ministers spent
much of their meeting Tuesday debating efforts to resolve conflicting claims over
reserves of oil and gas in the South China Sea.

Earlier in the day, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono urged the delegates
to finalize a set of guidelines called the Declaration of Conduct between ASEAN and
China on this issue. He noted the two sides have been negotiating the guidelines for the
past nine years.

Natalegawa says while ASEAN sees the Declaration of Conduct as the best way to
resolve the dispute, some member states are considering other options. He says some
delegates suggested making development in the disputed area a cooperative venture.

China and Taiwan claim almost all of the South China Sea, while Brunei, Malaysia, the
Philippines and Vietnam claim parts close to their shores. The dispute has occasionally
flared into violence in the past 40 years, and in recent months, both Manila and Hanoi
have complained of Chinese vessels encroaching on their territory.

The Philippines wants to bring the dispute before the United Nation's International
Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. Natalegawa says that may prove difficult. “The first
requirement is that all sides or both sides agree to such course of action and I am not sure
whether both sides, both the Philippines and China and maybe even others involved
already agreed to that path,” Natalegawa added.

On another touchy issue for ASEAN, Natalegawa says he is encouraged that the Thai and
Cambodian foreign ministers said their countries will comply with the International Court
of Justice’s order to demilitarize a disputed border area. However, while both sides
agreed to the ruling in principle, Thailand says withdrawing military forces require time
and negotiations. And Cambodia wants ASEAN observers deployed before it withdraws
from the disputed area. The dispute over territory around a 900-year-old Hindu-Khmer
temple on the Cambodian side of the border has repeatedly flared into violence since
2008. More than 20 people have died in fighting this year.
15
 The international court says it will rule later on Cambodia’s request for an interpretation
of the 1962 verdict that gave the temple to Phnom Penh. Until it does, the court says, the
two sides must move their troops away from the area.

The 10 ASEAN states (Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) are holding their annual meeting on
foreign affairs and security this week. They also will hold bilateral and group meetings
with top diplomats from their ASEAN’s neighbors and key partners, including China,
Japan, South Korea and the United States.

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:
✓ -to resolve conflicting claims
✓ - to finalize a set of guidelines
✓ - the Declaration of Conduct
✓ - to negotiate the guidelines
✓ - a cooperative venture
✓ - flare into violence
✓ - the United Nation's International Tribunal
for the Law of the Sea
✓ - course of action
✓ - touchy issue
✓ - the International Court of Justice
✓ - rule later on Cambodia’s request
✓ - bilateral and group meetings

2. Russia and China veto UN resolution on Syria

Russia and China have used their veto right and blocked a draft UN resolution that
threatened sanctions against Syria if President Bashar Assad's government continued
violence against the opposition in the country.

The draft resolution prepared by the European members of the UN Security Council and
supported by the United States stipulated that the Assad's regime should face the

16
 possibility of tough sanctions if it fails to stop its crackdown on opposition within 30 days
since the adoption of the resolution.

The resolution was rejected late on Tuesday by a vote of 9-2 with four abstentions.
Russia, which stands firmly against any mention of sanctions citing the example of Libya
where the NATO countries largely overstepped the UN mandate in a military operation
against Muammar Gaddafi's regime, said the text of the document was "unacceptable"
despite several changes to the draft.

Russian envoy to the UN Vitaly Churkin said at the session of the UN Security Council
that the draft document reflected a "confrontational" approach toward the resolution of
the political crisis in Syria. "The document did not contain provisions on the
unacceptability of an external military intervention," Churkin said.

The Syrian government has used force to crush opposition protests, which followed a
wave of uprisings in other Arab countries. The UN says over 2,000 people have died
since the start of the protests in March.

The United States and the EU have already imposed unilateral sanctions on Syria and
have called for Assad to step down. On September 21, U.S. President Barack Obama
urged the UN Security Council to impose new sanctions against Syria over its crackdown
on opposition protesters. On September 23 the EU imposed a fresh round of sanctions.

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:
✓ - veto right
✓ - to block
✓ - face the possibility of tough sanctions
✓ - the adoption of the resolution
✓ - a vote of 9-2 with four abstentions
✓ - overstep the UN mandate
✓ - Russian envoy to the UN
✓ - a "confrontational" approach
✓ - an external military intervention
✓ - to crush opposition protests
✓ - a wave of uprisings

17
✓ - impose unilateral sanctions
✓ - crackdown

Language focus: Verb forms

I. Translate the following sentences into Vietnamese
1. ASEAN foreign ministers spent much of their meeting Tuesday debating efforts to
resolve conflicting claims.
2. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono urged the delegates to finalize a set
of guidelines.
3. Some delegates suggested making development in the disputed area a cooperative
venture.
4. They don’t allow us to smoke in public places.
5. The government refused to cooperate with foreign non-governmental organizations.
II. Translate the following sentences into English
1. Chính phủ khuyến khích các công ty nước ngoài đầu tư vào các dự án cấp nước đô thị.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
2. Các bộ trưởng ngoại giao dành 4 tiếng để thảo luận các vấn đề liên quan đến giá dầu và
dự trữ năng lượng.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
3. Nghị quyết của Hội đồng bảo an Liên hợp quốc cho phép các quan sát viên quốc tế
được ở lại Ly-bia thêm 1 năm nữa.
................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
4. Các nước Châu âu thúc giục Mỹ áp đặt lệnh trừng phạt mới đối với Sy-ria.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
5. Nga phủ nhận gửi quân đến các tỉnh miền đông của U-crai-na.
................................................................................................................................................
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 Unit 6: English- Vietnamese translation

1. Obama to begin 9-day Asia-Pacific trip with economic conference

President Barack Obama begins a nine-day trip through the Asia-Pacific region Saturday
with a stop in Hawaii for a weekend economic conference where he will press for
progress on a trans-Pacific free trade agreement.

The administration is taking care to highlight the importance of strong Asia-Pacific

relations to the president's efforts to create jobs domestically.

"The U.S. exports to this region are essential to the president's goal of doubling U.S.
exports in the next several years," Ben Rhodes, deputy national security adviser for
strategic communications, told reporters in a briefing Wednesday. "In fact, nearly all of
the efforts that we're going to be making towards that export goal take place in this part of
the world."

The 21 members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum account for 55% of
the world's gross domestic product, 43% of world trade and 58% of U.S. exports,
according to the group.

"So I think when the American people see the president traveling in the Asia-Pacific, they
will see him advocating for U.S. jobs and U.S. businesses," Rhodes said. "He will be
trying to open new markets, and he will be trying to achieve new export initiatives, and
he will be trying to foster a trade agreement through the, for instance, the Trans-Pacific
Partnership, that takes us beyond the Korea Free Trade Agreement towards a multilateral
agreement that, again, has very high standards to ensure that our interests are being
protected."

The Obama administration is pushing for the expanded trade agreement to help boost
reduce barriers to U.S. exports, boost trade and create jobs.

The United States has been negotiating with Singapore, Chile, New Zealand, Brunei,
Australia, Peru and Vietnam develop the Trans-Pacific Partnership, which the U.S. Trade
Representative Ron Kirk's office says would eventually expand to include most of the
APEC's 21 nations.

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 No final decisions are expected on the agreement this weekend. Rhodes said he expects
the leaders to discuss progress negotiated at the ministerial level and begin looking
toward the next phase of discussions. But he declined to put a timetable on the
negotiations.

During the APEC conference in Honolulu, Obama is also scheduled to have a discussion
with business leaders, as well as side meetings with Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko
Noda, Russian President Dimitry Medvedev, and Chinese President Hu Jintao. He is
scheduled to leave Bali on November 19.

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:
✓ - a trans-Pacific free trade agreement
✓ - to highlight the importance
✓ - deputy national security adviser for
strategic communications
✓ - the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
forum
✓ - gross domestic product (GDP)
✓ - export initiatives
✓ - to foster a trade agreement
✓ - the Trans-Pacific Partnership
✓ - our interests are being protected
✓ - to help boost reduce barriers
✓ - negotiate at the ministerial level
✓ - side meetings

2. Protesters take to the streets of Spain

Several thousand demonstrators took to the streets of the Spanish capital Sunday,
protesting unemployment a week before voters elect a new government.

The march past the world-famous Prado museum and Madrid's city hall ended at the
Puerta del Sol plaza, where economic protests began last May.

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 As riot police passed the demonstrators, protesters shouted "Less police, more education,"
a criticism of cutbacks in education during Spain's deep economic crisis.

The demonstration was smaller than one held October 15, when at least 10,000 people
marched in Madrid on a day when Occupy Wall Street-style protests spread to Europe,
Asia and Australia.

The Spanish newspaper El Pais said tens of thousands of people demonstrated in

Barcelona that day.

Similar protests over the economy turned violent in Italy, with at least 70 people injured
and a government building set on fire, but the Spanish demonstrations remained peaceful.

Protester Esteban Guerrero, 25, who's been to a dozen protests since last May, said he
was not discouraged by the smaller crowd on Sunday.

"Each demonstration is not just one more," Guerrero said. "Many young people and
workers take part. Some are bigger than others but what's important is that thousands turn
out each time."

A journalism student in his final year of university, he said his job prospects after
graduation are bleak, with the country's youth unemployment rate about 45%, twice the
national average.

"It's a very precarious situation for young people in Spain, and getting worse, like it is for
youth in Greece and Portugal. There's a big deterioration," Guerrero said.

Next Sunday's election, which the opposition conservatives are expected to win, will not
be enough to change things, he added.

"I think it's necessary to vote, but that's not enough. People feel the elections won't
change the situation. They won't stop the cutbacks," he said.

That's why people keep coming out onto the streets, he said.

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:
✓ - riot police
✓ - a government building set on fire
✓ - Each demonstration is not just one more

21
✓ - a very precarious situation for young
people
✓ - a big deterioration
✓ - the opposition conservatives
✓ - the cutbacks
✓

Language focus: Verb forms

Translate the following sentences into English
1. Thủ tướng Nguyễn Tấn Dũng muốn thảo luận với các nhà lãnh đạo APEC về quá trình
thực hiện hiệp ước trao đổi tự do thương mại Thaí bình dương.
2. Tổng thống Obama từ chối tới thăm các nước Đông âu vào năm tới.
3. Việt Nam đang cố gắng tăng xuất khẩu các mặt hàng nông sản sang các nước Châu Âu.
4. Việt Nam đã thành công trong việc tạo ra nhiều thị trường mới ở Lào và Căm-pu- chia.
5. Những người biểu tình hy vọng sẽ đạt được thỏa thuận về tăng lương và giảm giờ làm.
6. Chính phủ Việt Nam khuyến cáo các công dân nước mình đang làm việc tại Ucraina
tránh xa các khu vực giao tranh.

22
 Theme 4: Tourism
Unit 7: English- Vietnamese translation

1. Venice

A five minutes away on foot from St Mark, Starhotels Splendid Venice is set on canal in
the Mercerie area of Venice. There is a private pier, good restaurants and rooms with
parquet floors.

Each elegant air-conditioned room at Splendid Venice feature satellite TV with pay-per-
view chanels and minibar. Some rooms are provided free Wifi. The private bathroom
with soft bathrobes and slippers, some rooms have a canal view.

America buffet breakfast is provided daily while the restaurant also serves Venice
traditional food. Visitors can enjoy drinks at the design bar with retractable glass roof.

Visitors can also go to the Santa Lucia Station of Venice, located 3 kilometers from the
hotel by Vaporetto water bus line 2. The nearest water bus stop is Rialto. A 5-minutes
walk from the hotel. Rialto Bridge locates the hotel 350 meters away by foot.

2. PhanSiPang

PhanSiPang is the highest mountain of Indochina (3,143 m), located in the center of
Hoang Lien Son mountain range. Only 9 km from the southwest of Sapa town, but it
takes you 6 or 7 days to climb this mountain. Currently, both amateur and professional
climbers wants to conquer the Fansipan. They can join tour of travel companies or visit
by themselves with the guidance of local people, the Hmong, Dao (in Cat Cat Village).

On the way up the mountain, visitors will discover the flora and fauna and the natural
attraction of the Hoang Lien. There are so many Hoang Lien, a precious medicinal herbs,
and precious woods, birds such as partridges, bears, monkeys, antelope, birds, etc.

3. Son Doong Cave

Son Doong Cave in the Quang Binh province of central Vietnam is one of the world’s
largest caves and is now, for the first time, accessible to tourists, thanks to the tour
operator Oxalis. Huge shafts of light penetrate its vast caverns, allowing forests of 100-
foot-tall trees to thrive in spaces big enough to accommodate 40-story skyscrapers.
Colossal 260-foot stalactites are also present. Monkeys, hornbills and flying foxes have

23
 all been spotted in this surreal habitat, first fully explored in 2009. While trips into Son
Doong are limited in number (only 220 permits for the year), the nearby and more
affordable Tu Lan Cave is also now open to adventurous travelers.— DAVID LLOYD

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:
✓ - rooms with parquet floors
✓ - The private bathroom with soft bathrobes
and slippers
- the design bar with retractable glass roof.
✓ - water bus line 2
✓ - the flora and fauna
✓ - is now accessible to tourists
✓ - thanks to ....
✓ - huge shafts of light
✓ - colossal 260-foot stalactites
✓ - surreal habitat

Language focus: Adjectives

Translate the following sentences into English
1. Vịnh Hạ Long có phong cảnh tuyệt đẹp nên nơi đây là một điểm du lịch rất hấp dẫn với
du khách trong nước và quốc tế.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
2. Vịnh Hạ Long nổi bật với hệ thống đảo đá và hang động tuyệt đẹp.
................................................................................................................................................
3. Đến với Cát Bà, du khách còn có cơ hội khám phá thiên nhiên phong phú ở vườn quốc
gia Cát Bà.
................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
4. Tọa lạc trên đỉnh núi Bà Nà giữa chốn thiên nhiên hoang sơ, Khu biệt thự thu hút du
khách bởi lối kiến trúc Pháp đẹp cổ kính.

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................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
5. Đến với Khu nghỉ dưỡng trên núi bạn sẽ được thưởng thức nhiều thực đơn Âu Á đa
dạng và phong phú.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

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 Unit 8: English- Vietnamese translation

1. Sapa

Sapa is the doorway to a net-work of valleys and cultures that contain myriad riches. My
itinerary on this trip includes short treks, mountain biking and two homestays. I meet my
guide, Phong, in the Handspan office and within half an hour we are meandering through
a H’mong community. The smog and dense traffic of Hanoi seem a lifetime away. We
stroll past lush fields, watching smoke rise from the snug hamlets littered across the
valley where water gushes through wooden aqueducts. In the background sit immense
mountains including the almingty Fansipan. I ask our H’mong guide whether she has
climbed it yet. “I don’t have enough time,” she replies.

2. Iguazu Falls

Voted as one of the 7 Natural Wonders of the World, Iguazu Falls is undoubtedly the
most visited place in Misiones and one of the most imposing natural attractions in
Argentina and the World. It is situated in Iguazu National Park and also liked as a natural
border between Brazil and Argentina.

This river runs through a smooth geography until it reaches a series of faults, and
suddenly an 80 m in height, canyon in the Devil's Throat where the water produces a
thundering sound and then drains into the Parana river.

A legend says that a Serpent God called "Boi" lived in the river. Naipi, a beautiful
girl,was walking near the river and M’Boi saw her reflection in the water. The Serpent
God thought she was the most beautiful woman he had ever seen and demanded that the
Guarani tribes give her to him.

But she and Taruba, a great warrior, were madly in love. Taruba was furious and believed
he could rescue Naipi from her grim fate. Unfortunately, the Serpent God raced to catch
up with them by making the great waterfalls when they were running away. After that,
the Serpent God changed Naipi into a large rock, so she wouldn’t be able to run away and
Taruba into a palm tree - forever rooted to the land above the falls. This was M’Boi’s
way of revenge, separating the two lovers by an enormous waterfall, so they could see
each other but never touch.

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 3. Son Tay ancient citadel
Located in Son Tay town, more than 40 km from Hanoi’s center, the ancient Son Tay
citadel is an ancient and unique military architecture in Vietnam, which was built in 1822
under the reign of King Minh Mang.
In the citadel, construction works are built in the South - North symmetric axis. In the
middle is Vong Cung Nu, the place where the King rested and where mandarins in the
town performed rituals annually.
The first impression that visitors easily feel about Son Tay ancient citadel is the image of
ancient trees of hundreds of years old. The rough roots get stretched, embrace the moss
walls and the ruined ancient gates, creating an ancient beauty.
The citadel has four main gates: the main gate in the south called Tien, the gate in the
North named Hau and the Ta (Right) and Hau (Left) gates. After nearly 200 years of
history with many ups and downs, Son Tay ancient citadel now has only ancient walls,
the Tien and Hau gates, two cannons and some ruins of Vong Cung Nu and Kinh Thien
palace and some wells.

Work in groups. Find out the equivalent translations for these phrases:
✓ - a net-work of valleys and cultures
✓ - myriad riches
✓ - meander through a H’mong community
✓ - lush fields
✓ - the snug hamlets littered across the valley
✓ - the almingty Fansipan
✓ - the most imposing natural attraction
✓ - a smooth geography
✓ - a series of faults
✓ - a thundering sound
✓ - grim fate
✓ - an ancient and unique military architecture
✓ - be built in the South - North symmetric
axis
✓ - performed rituals

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✓ - rough roots get stretched, embrace the moss
walls
✓ - ups and downs
✓

Language focus: Inversion

1. In the background sit immense mountains including the almingty Fansipan.
2. At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful hotel.
Translate the following sentences into English
1. Trên đỉnh đồi là một khu biệt thự cổ với những bức tường rêu phong.
................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
2. Trên sông là những con thuyền chở đầy trái cây của miền quê Nam Bộ chào mời du
khách gần xa.
.................................................................................................................................
3. Dưới chân núi có đến hơn chục nóc nhà với những mảnh vườn trồng đầy hoa và cây ăn
quả.
................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
4. Tọa lạc trên đỉnh núi là Khu nghỉ dưỡng Bà Nà với khí hậu mát mẻ quanh năm.
................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
5. Dọc theo các con đường nhỏ là những cánh đồng lúa và những trang trại chăn nuôi với
hàng trăm con gà và vịt.
................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................

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 REFERENCES

I. Websites:
www.bbc.co.uk
www.cnn.com
www.english.vietnamet.vn
www.tedtalk.com
www.vietnamnet.vn
www.vnexpress.net
www.voaspecialenglish.com

II. Books:
Peter Newmark. 1988. A Textbook of Translation. Prentice Hall.
Roger T.Bell, 1991. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. Longman.
Thomson, A. 1989. A Practical English Grammar. Oxford University Press, London, UK
Tuan Nguyen Van. 2006. Translation I, II . Hue Publishing House, Hue, Vietnam

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