TC1 Response to a live employer brief

Module code: BSOM084

Student Name:

Student Code:

Date of submission:
 2

 Contents
 Abstract....................................................................................................................................2
 Introduction..............................................................................................................................3
 Findings and Analysis..............................................................................................................4
1. Positive COVID tested.........................................................................................................4
2. Number of people in hospital each day with COVID-19,....................................................5
3. Ratio of deaths in U.K..........................................................................................................7
4. Weekly number of sequenced cases of Indian variant in U.K..............................................8
5. Cases in Bolton.....................................................................................................................9
6. Admitting individuals to hospital in Greater Manchester...................................................10
 Conclusion..............................................................................................................................10
 Recommendation....................................................................................................................11
 References..............................................................................................................................12
 Appendix................................................................................................................................14

List of Figures

Figure 1number of Positive cases....................................................................................................5

Figure 2 number of people in hospital.............................................................................................6
Figure 3 Number of deaths in U.K..................................................................................................7
Figure 4 Indian variant.....................................................................................................................8
Figure 5 cases in Bolton..................................................................................................................9
Figure 6 Number of cases in Great Manchester............................................................................10
 2

1. Abstract
The Corona virus epidemic in the UK is chapter of a global Covid-19 infection epidemic that
started in 2019. COVID-19 outbreaks, as well as the social and economic consequences such as
physical separation and business closure, have different influences on different groups of
individuals. From November 2020 to May 2021, secondary data received from ONS is used for
analysis and is analyzed in Excel. In the UK, the Corona virus epidemic is wreaking havoc on
the populace. COVID-19 claimed the lives of 86,022 persons between November 2020 and May
2021. As the prevalence of COVID-19 has grown, the UK government should amend its
recommendations, particularly testing standards, to adopt more active process against the
spreading of COVID-19.

Key words: Corona Virus, WHO, U.K

 2

2. Introduction
Coronavirus disease is an illness caused by the coronavirus 2, which causes acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). A as per Reynolds, (2020) COVID-19 had a lower-case mortality
proportion than SARS in 2003, however the spread was substantially higher, with a considerable
overall death toll (O'Hare and Campus, 2022).

The Corona virus outbreak in the Great Britain is part of a global coronavirus virus epidemic that
started in 2019. (COVID-19). The virus arrived in the United Kingdom in end of the January
2020 (Public Health England, 2018). As of December 20, 2021, there had been 13.8 million
recorded instances, the greatest in Europe and the fourth-highest worldwide. There had been
155,743 fatalities in those who had just tested positive by that date (Ritchie et al., 2022), the
world's 7th largest number of deaths and 28th-highest mortality rate by population (Emanuel,
2003). After Russia, this is Europe's foremost death toll, and the 20th-highest death rate
(Hopkins, 2021).

COVID-19-induced procedures are primarily intended to confine the virus by minimizing body
contact among individuals. Most of these interferences have an immediate influence on publics'
performance, while others might have a longer-term influence. The closing of enterprises as well
as the encouragement to work at home, for instance, have drastically affected people's work
routines. Lockdown procedures have resulted in rapid cutbacks in paid work hours and earnings
in nations such as Australia, the United Kingdom, and the US (Kim & von dem Knesebeck,
2015)

People's emotions shifted as well. A temperature increase, a persistent cough, and a loss or
alteration in one's ability to smell or taste are all indications of COVID-19 infection. Serious
instances may necessitate hospitalization and death. The specific instance ratio in the United
Kingdom is predicted to be 2.1 percent (Chandola et al., 2020). Increasing number of new
illnesses and deaths reported in the press on a daily basis raises concerns about safety and
wellness. Furthermore, unemployment, financial distress, and isolation are very well variables
that have a detrimental effect on mental health (Wanberg et al., 2020). Unsurprisingly, soon after
the epidemic began, subjective wellbeing in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United
States deteriorated (Farre et al., 2020). People's subjective well-being began to recover once the
daily rise in Corona virus cases decreased and the lockdown limitations were released.
 2

Worries about worsened social inequality have grown as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic and
associated actions. Gender disparities have been in the work market for a long time, well before
the epidemic. Females are more probable to work from home-based. Rigid job prospects, gender
standards that demand men to be the primary earners and females to be the key caregivers, and
labour market prejudice are all contributing causes to this imbalance. When persons are forced to
work from home, the geographical divide among market employment and family life is faint.
Several studies have looked into whether lockdown methods cause the same adjustments in time
consumption in males and girls.

Meanwhile, study on the labour force situations of parents reveals a distinct arrangement. In the
first lockdown passé from April to May 2020, mothers with children aged 4 to 15 were shown to
be more probable to be left off, suspended, or leave their jobs. On the other hand, several
research have indicated that the home division of labour has improved: during the shutdown
period, domestic labour increased more for males than for women in Australia, Canada, France,
and the United States (Czymara et al., 2020). However, the contrary was observed in Germany
and Spain. Subjective well-being deteriorates at varying rates for men and women. Women have
been demonstrated to have poorer subjective well-being than men in the United Kingdom and
Australia (Zhou & Kan, 2020).

3. Findings and Analysis

We're taking data from November 2020 to May 2021. For analysis, we use secondary data
acquired from ONS, as well as the data is evaluated in Excel.

4. Positive COVID tested

 2

Number of people with at least one positive COVID-19 test

result
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
20 2 0 2 0 20 2 0 20 20 2 0 20 20 20 2 0 20 20 21 2 1 21 21 2 1 21 2 1 21 21 2 1 21 21 21 21 21
/ 20 / 20 / 20 / 2 0 / 20 / 20 / 20 / 20 / 20 / 20 / 20 / 20 / 20 / 20 / 2 0 / 20 / 2 0 / 2 0 / 20 / 2 0 / 20 / 2 0 / 2 0 / 20 / 2 0 / 2 0 / 2 0 / 2 0 / 2 0
1 0 9 8 7 6 5 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 5 4 3 1 0 9 8 9 8 7 5 4 3 2 1
9/ 9/ 1 9/ 1 9/ 2 10/ 0/ 1 0/ 2 11/ 1/ 1 1/ 2 1/ 3 12/ 2/ 1 2/ 2 1/ 1/ 1 1/ 2 2/ 2/ 1 2/ 1 2/ 2 3/ 3/ 1 3/ 2 4/ 4/ 1 4/ 2 5/ 5/ 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Cases 7-day rolling average

Figure 1: number of Positive cases

The graph above depicts the number of persons who have had at least one positive COVID-19
screening test, either lab-reported or lateral flow device (England only), by date of reporting. The
existence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is detected in COVID-19 infections by obtaining samples
from people and analysing them for the infection. On January 8, 2021, the frequency cases
reached an all-time high. During November 2022 to May 2021, there were 4,121,177 COVID-19
instances in the United Kingdom. Total cases climbed progressively from 1295 in early
November 2020 to almost 68000 in mid-January 2021, peaking at 2193 on May 14, 2021.

Despite the isolation, the overall number of verified COVID-19 cases in the UK climbed fast
from November to January 2021, as shown in Figure 1, indicating that the approach may have
been insufficiently deployed or introduced recently. When examining the amount of new daily
cases before and after the lockdown, there has been a gradual drop since the final week of
January, which may be ascribed to the implementation of this policy. On the middle day of each
seven-day period, the 7-day rolling mean average of daily instances is shown on the chart.
Taking this into consideration, the 7-day rolling average declined from January to May 2021.

5. Number of people in hospital each day with COVID-19,

Overall COVID-19-positive hospital admission rates is 3,323,709 in UK during November 2020
to May 2021.
 2

Number of people in hospital

45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
Figure 2: number of people in hospital
0
The term

'hospitalizations' suggests that the statistics refer to individuals who were hospitalized at the early
stages of infection, albeit it's unclear whether anyone else (or all) were there already. The term
'for' denotes that the patients are mostly at the hospital as a result of COVID-19, implying
causation. The total number of persons in the data. The number of cases admitted to hospitals
owing to COVID-19 is analyzed using an area chart in Excel. According to Figure 2, confirmed
patients in the United Kingdom climbed to 39249 persons on January 18, 2021. After that, the
number of new daily hospitalizations with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 varies. The
number of persons hospitalized to hospitals has fallen in the final few days of January.

The second wave peak in mid-January 2021 and then began to decline through the summer. The
first COVID-19 vaccine was approved and began to be distributed from across UK in early
December 2020, with a gradual rollout beginning with the most susceptible and gradually
spreading to younger age groups. The United Kingdom was the first to do so, and their
immunization programme was one of the world’s quickest in early 2021. By August 2021, more
than 75% of individuals in the UK had received full COVID-19 vaccination, and the number of
cases in hospitals had decreased. To curb the Covid cases, quarantine procedures for all arriving
visitors were implemented for the first time in late January.
 2

6. Ratio of deaths in U.K.

Number of deaths in the UK

2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21
/ 20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20
1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 7 8 9 9 0 1 2
9/ 9/1 9/2 10/ 0/1 0/2 11/ 1/1 1/2 12/ 2/2 2/3 1/1 1/2 2/ 2/1 2/2 3/ 3/1 3/2 4/ 4/2 5/ 5/1
1 1 1 1 1 1

Figure 3: Number of deaths in7-day

Deaths U.K rolling average

The death rate is seen in Figure 3. COVID-19 mortality risk was increased for all ethnic
minorities as during second wave of the epidemic. In the month ending January 27, 2021, there
were 1,725 fatalities in the UK attributable to COVID-19, with a positive test for COVID-19 and
mortality within 28 days.

When the Covid-19 epidemic ravaged the world in 2020, the United Kingdom was particularly
heavily struck, with some of Europe's highest case counts and deaths. A quick immunization
campaign was able to reverse the situation. COVID-19-related mortality rates fell in the United
Kingdom in May 2021.
 2

7. Weekly number of sequenced cases of Indian variant in U.K.

Indian variant cases

3/15/2021
3/22/2021
14% 0%
1%6%
3/29/2021
12% 4/5/2021
4/12/2021
4/19/2021
4/26/2021
24%
42% 5/3/2021

Figure 4: Indian variant

Figure 4 is a bar chart depicting the weekly amount of confirmed Indian variant patients in the
United Kingdom. During the last week of April 2021, the number of cases verified by laboratory
analysis reached a peak of 663 with a highest percentage of 42%. In the month of March, the
Indian variety has the lowest rate.

Scientists think that the Delta variety has surpassed the Kent, or Alpha, form. According to them,
the Delta variation may be associated to a greater risk of hospitalization.
 2

8. Cases in Bolton

Case in Bolton
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21
/ 20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20 /20
1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 0 1 1 2 2 3 4 7 8 9 9 0 1
9/ 9/1 9/2 10/ 0/1 0/2 11/ 1/1 1/2 12/ 2/2 2/3 1/1 1/2 2/ 2/1 2/2 3/ 3/1 3/2 4/ 4/2 5/
1 1 1 1 1 1

Age 0-59 Age 60+

Figure 5: cases in Bolton

The number of instances in Bolton is seen in Figure 5. The graph shows that the Covid-19 rate is
high among persons under the age of 59 in the beginning of January 2021. The lawsuit will be
decided in stages until September 2021. Covid-19 is growing after September, and there is some
variation. A similar tendency was seen in the over-60 age group. Yet, the number of confirmed
cases was lower in the over 60 age group than in the under 59 age group. COVID-19 raises the
chance of hospitalization and catastrophic outcomes with age. COVID-19 fatalities were twice as
common in the under 59 age group in Bolton as they were in the 60+ age group as of July 2021.
 2

9. Admitting individuals to hospital in Greater Manchester

Patients admitted to hospital in Greater Manchester

180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02
1/2 9/2 7/2 5/2 3/2 1/2 9/2 7/2 4/2 2/2 0/2 8/2 6/2 4/2 2/2 0/2 7/2 5/2 3/2 1/2 8/2 6/2 4/2 4/2 2/2 0/2 8/2 5/2 3/2 1/2 9/2 7/2
9/ 9/ 9/1 9/2 10/ 0/1 0/1 0/2 11/ 1/1 1/2 1/2 12/ 2/1 2/2 2/3 1/ 1/1 1/2 1/3 2/ 2/1 2/2 3/ 3/1 3/2 3/2 4/ 4/1 4/2 4/2 5/
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Admissions 7-day rolling average

Figure 6: Number of cases in Great Manchester

In hospitals in Greater Manchester, north-west England, Covid-19 admissions have already

reached the height of last winter's epidemic, with health officials warning that patient care is
jeopardized as they struggle to cope with "serious" staff shortages. In January 2021, there were
168 Covid-positive patients being treated in hospitals in the Manchester region, surpassing the
previous high of over 163 established in October.

10. Conclusion
In the United Kingdom, the COVID-19 epidemic is wreaking havoc on the populace. COVID-19
claimed the lives of 86,022 individuals between November 2020 and May 2021, and the social
isolation and lock-down measures enforced (inability to enter the hospital during visitation and
limits on funerals) had an immeasurable mental effect on families. It's critical to acknowledge
that the epidemic affects diverse groups of people in various ways. Medical practitioners, social
services, inhabitants in care homes, and those who rely on social and health services in the
community, such as bus drivers, delivery persons, and retail staff, are all at danger. In Bolton,
people under the age of 59 are at a 'high risk' of dying from COVID-19.
 2

11. Recommendations
Originally, the United Kingdom implemented a plan aimed at increasing people's resistance. Yet,
if the percentage of successful cases grew, the government should switch from a mitigation
policy to a suppression plan (lockdown). Strict lockdowns, social isolation, and the shutdown of
educational institutions, companies, and community centers are among the repression tactics
used. As the occurrence of COVID-19 has grown, the British government must update its
recommendations, particularly testing measures, to take greater significant actions against the
growth of COVID-19 and to assist "flatten the curve," reducing some of the strain on the various
healthcare systems. Certain measures, like as quarantining the ill, contact tracking, and social
distancing, were widely used in the early phases of the epidemic to restrict the fatal disease's
transmission. These methods, on the other hand, would be of limited use if those suspected of
getting the illness were not examined. Furthermore, a number of factors impact the frequency
and incidence of COVID-19, such population density, healthcare infrastructure variations, and
principal modes of transportation.
 2

12. References

1. Chandola, T. et al., 2020. The mental health impact of covid-19 and lockdown-related
stressors among adults in the UK. Psychological Medicine, pp.1–10.
2. Czymara, C.S., Langenkamp, A. & Cano, T., 2020. Cause for concerns: Gender
inequality in experiencing the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany. European Societies,
23(sup1).
3. Emanuel, E., 2003. The Lessons of SARS. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139(7), p.589.
4. Farre, L. et al., 2020. How the COVID-19 lockdown affected gender inequality in paid
and unpaid work in Spain. SSRN Electronic Journal.
5. Hopkins, J., 2021. Mortality Analyses - Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center.
[online] Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. Available at:
<https://web.archive.org/web/20210124160327/https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/
mortality> [Accessed 31 January 2022].
6. Kim, T.J. & von dem Knesebeck, O., 2015. Perceived job insecurity, unemployment and
depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective
observational studies. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,
89(4), pp.561–573.
7. O'Hare, R. and Campus, S., 2022. Crunching the numbers for coronavirus | Imperial
News | Imperial College London. [online] Imperial News. Available at:
<https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/196137/crunching-numbers-coronavirus/> [Accessed
31 January 2022].
8. Public health England, 2018. High consequence infectious diseases (HCID). [online]
GOV.UK. Available at: <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/high-consequence-infectious-
diseases-hcid> [Accessed 31 January 2022].
9. Reynolds, M., 2020. What is coronavirus and how close is it to becoming a
pandemic?. Wired UK,
10. Ritchie, H., Mathieu, E., Rodés-Guirao, L., Appel, C., Giattino, C., Ortiz-Ospina, E.,
Hasell, J., Macdonald, B., Beltekian, D. and Roser, M., 2022. Coronavirus Pandemic
(COVID-19). [online] Our World in Data. Available at:
<https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus> [Accessed 31 January 2022].
 2

11. Wanberg, C.R. et al., 2020. Socioeconomic status and well-being during COVID-19: A
resource-based examination. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(12), pp.1382–1396.
12. WFSA. 2022. WFSA Statement on health care providers safety and wellbeing during the
COVID-19 pandemic. [online] Available at: <https://wfsahq.org/news/latest-news/wfsa-
statement-on-health-care-providers-safety-and-wellbeing-during-the-covid-19-
pandemic/> [Accessed 31 January 2022].
13. Zhou, M. & Kan, M.-Y., 2020. The varying impacts of COVID-19 and its related
measures in the UK: A year in Review. PLOS ONE. Available at:
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0257286 [Accessed
February 1, 2022].
 2

13. Appendix
1. Linked in learning (Tableau Essential Training)
 2

2. Linked in Learning ( SPSS statistics Essential Training )