Fiberglass Pipe Design

AWWA MANUAL M45

First Edition

a American Water Works Association

MANUAL OF WATER SUPPLY PRACTICES - M45, First Edition
Fiberglass Pipe Design
Copyright O 1996 American Water Works Association

All rights reserved. No p a r t of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in a n y form o r by a n y

means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy. recording. or a n y information o r retrieval system,
except in t h e form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposm, without t h e written permission of
t h e publisher.

Project Manager a n d Technical Editor: Sharon Pellowe

Copy Editor: M a r t h a Ball
Production Editor: Alan Livingston
Production Artist: Karen S t a a b

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

"Fiberglass pipe design manual." '
xviii, 159p. 17x25 cm.--(Manual of water supply operations: M45)
Includes b i b l i ~ g r a ~ h i c (p.
a l ) references and index.
ISBN 0-89867-889-7
1. water-pipes. 2. Pipe, glass.
I. Series. I!. Series: IAWWA manual: M45
TD491.A49 no. M45
628.1' 5--dc2 1 97-4036
CIP

Printed in t h e United States of America

American W a t e r Works Association

6666 West Quincy Avenue
Denver. CO 80235

ISBN 0-89867-889-7 Printed on recycled paper

 Contents

List of Figures, vii

List of Tables, xi
Preface, xiii
Foreword, xv
Acknowledgments, xvii ,I

Chapter 1 History and Use .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..1

1.1 Introduction, 1
1.2 History, 1
1.3 Applications, 2
1.4 Standards, Specifications, and Reference Documents, 2
1.5 Terminology, 6

Chapter 2 Materials, Properties, and Characteristics . . ... . . . . . . . . . 7

2.1 General, 7
2.2 Characteristics, 7
2.3 The Material System, 8
2.4 Glass Fiber Reinforcements, 8
2.5 Resins, 9
2.6 Other Components, 10
2.7 Physical Properties, 11
2.8 Mechanical Properties, 12

.
Chapter3 Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 .

3.1 Introduction, 15
3.2 Filament Winding, 15
3.3 Centrifugal Casting, 18
References, 20

Chapter 4 Hydraulics ... . . .

. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
.
4.1 Hydraulic Characteristics, 21
4.2 Preliminary Pipe Sizing, 21
4.3 Typical Pipe Diameters, 22
4.4 Pressure Loss Calculations, 23
4.5 Head Loss in Fittings, 27
4.6 Energy Consumption Calculation Procedure, 29
4.7 Transient Pressures, 31
References, 34

Chapter 5 'Buried Pipe Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

5.1 Introduction, 35
5.2 Design Terminology, 35
Chapter 5 Buried Pipe Design--continued
5.3 Design Conditions, 36
5.4 Pipe Properties, 38
5.5 Installation Parameters, 38
5.6 Design Procedure, 39
5.7 Design Calculations and Requirements, 39
5.8 Axial Loads, 54
5.9 Special Design Considerations, 54
5.10 Design Examples, 54
References, 71

Chapter 6 Guidelines for Underground Installation of Fiberglass Pipe . . 73

6.1 Introduction, 73
6.2 Related Documents, 74
6.3 Terminology, 75
'6.4 In Situ Soils, 77
6.5 Embedment Materials, 77
6.6 Trench Excavation, 80
6.7 Pipe Installation, 82
6.8 Field Monitoring, 8 7
6.9 Contract Document Recommendations, 88
References, 88

Chapter 7 Buried Pipe Thrust Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

7.1 Unbalanced Thrust Forces, 91
7.2 Thrust Resistance, 92
7.3 Thrust Blocks, 93
7.4 Joints With Small Deflections, 95
7.5 Restrained (Tied) Joints, 99

Chapter 8 Aboveground Pipe Design and Lnstallation . .... .. .. .. 103

8.1 Introduction, 103
8.2 Test Methods and Physical Properties, 103
8.3 Internal Pressure Rating, 105
8.4 Thermal Expansion and Contraction, 107
8.5 Thermal Expansion Design, 107
8.6 Supports, Anchors, and Guides, 114
8.7 Bending, 120
8.8 Thermal Conductivity, 120
8.9 Heat Tracing, 121
8.10 Characteristics and Properties, 122
References, 124

Chapter 9 Joining Systems, Fittings, and Specials .. . . ....... .. 125

9.1 Introduction, 125
9.2 Fiberglass Pipe Joining Systems Classification, 125
9.3 Gasket Requirements, 126
9.4 Joining Systems Description, 126
9.5 Assembly or Bonded, Threaded, and Flanged Joints, 131
 9.6 Fittings and Specials, 134
9.7 Service Line Connections, 138
References, 138

Chapter 10 Shipping, Handling, Storage, and Repair .. . . .. .. . . . 139

10.1 Introduction, 139
10.2. Shipping, 139
10.3 Handling, 140
10.4 Storage, 142
10.5 Repair, 143

Index, 153
List of AWWA Manuals, 159