CONCRETE
a.) Plain
b.) Reinforced
Diff. Types
a.) Ordinary Portland Cement
b.) Rapid Hardening Portland Cement
C.) Blast Furnace or Sulfate Cement
d.) Low Heat Portland Cement
e.) Portland Pozzolan Cement
f.) High Alumina Cement - oxide content 32% by weight / alumina lime w/in the limit of 0.85% to 1.3%
Main Composition of Cement
1.) 1.6-65% lime
2.) 18 - 25% Silica
3.)3.0- 8% Alumina
4.) 3.0-5% Iron Oxide
5.) 2.0-5% Magnesia
6.) 1.0 -5% Sulfur Oxide
TABLE 1-2 Concrete Proportion
Cement In Bag
MIXTURE CLASS Proportion Sand , Cu.m Gravel, Cu.m
40 kg 50 kg
AA 1 : 1 1/2 : 3 12 9.5 0.5 1
A 1:2:4 9 7 0.5 1
B 1 - 2 1/2 : 5 7.5 6 0.5 1
C 1:3:6 6 5 0.5 1
VOL: 123 Cu.m
Mixture C: C
Cement(40): 738 Bags
Cement(50): 615 Bags
Sand: 62 cu.m
Gravel: 123 cu.m
TABLE 1-3 Quantity of Cement, Sand and Gravel for Slab and walls per
square meter area
Slab 40 kg. Cement 50 kg. Cement Gravel
Sand cu.m
Thickness cm Cu.m
A B C A B C
5.000 0.450 0.375 0.300 0.350 0.300 0.250 0.025 0.050
7.500 0.675 0.563 0.450 0.525 0.450 0.375 0.038 0.075
10.000 0.900 0.750 0.600 0.700 0.600 0.500 0.050 0.100
12.500 1.125 0.938 0.750 0.875 0.750 0.625 0.063 0.125
15.000 1.350 1.125 0.900 1.050 0.900 0.750 0.075 0.150
17.500 1.575 1.313 1.050 1.225 1.050 0.875 0.088 0.175
20.000 1.800 1.500 1.200 1.400 1.200 1.000 0.100 0.200
22.500 2.025 1.688 1.350 1.575 1.350 1.125 0.113 0.225
25.000 2.250 1.875 1.500 1.750 1.500 1.250 0.125 0.250
27.500 2.475 2.063 1.650 1.925 1.650 1.375 0.138 0.275
30.000 2.700 1.251 1.800 2.100 1.800 1.500 0.150 0.300
Area: sq.m
MIXTURE:
Thick: cm
C (40): bags
C(50): bags
Sand: cu.m
Gravel: cu.m
Table 1-4 Quantity of cement, sand and gravel for Post Beam and girder
per meter length
MIXTURE CLASS
GRAVEL
Size, Cm. 40 kg Cement 50 Kg Cement SAND cu.m
cu.m
A B A B
15 X 20 0.270 0.225 0.210 0.180 0.015 0.030
15 X 25 0.338 0.281 0.263 0.225 0.019 0.038
15 X 30 0.405 0.338 0.315 0.270 0.023 0.045
15 X 35 0.473 0.394 0.369 0.315 0.027 0.053
15 X 40 0.540 0.450 0.420 0.360 0.030 0.060
20 X 20 0.360 0.300 0.280 0.240 0.020 0.040
20 X 25 0.450 0.375 0.350 0.300 0.025 0.050
20 X 30 0.540 0.450 0.420 0.360 0.030 0.060
20 X 35 0.630 0.525 0.490 0.420 0.035 0.070
20 X 40 0.720 0.600 0.560 0.480 0.040 0.080
25 X 25 0.563 0.469 0.438 0.375 0.032 0.063
25 X 30 0.675 0.563 0.525 0.450 0.038 0.075
25 X 35 0.788 0.656 0.613 0.525 0.044 0.088
25 X 40 0.900 0.750 0.700 0.600 0.050 0.100
25 X 45 1.013 0.844 0.788 0.675 0.057 0.113
25 X 50 1.125 0.938 0.875 0.750 0.063 0.125
30 X 30 0.810 0.675 0.630 0.540 0.045 0.090
30 X 35 0.945 0.788 0.735 0.630 0.053 0.105
30 X 40 1.080 0.900 0.810 0.720 0.060 0.120
30 X 45 1.125 1.013 0.945 0.810 0.068 0.135
30 X 50 1.350 1.125 1.050 0.900 0.075 0.150
35 X 35 1.103 0.919 0.858 0.735 0.062 0.123
35 X 40 1.260 1.050 0.980 0.840 0.070 0.140
35 X 45 1.418 1.181 1.103 0.945 0.079 0.158
35 X 50 1.575 1.313 1.225 1.050 0.088 0.175
35 X 55 1.890 1.575 1.470 1.260 0.105 0.210
40 X 40 1.440 1.200 1.120 0.960 0.080 0.160
40 X 45 1.620 1.350 1.260 1.080 0.090 0.180
40 X 50 1.800 1.500 1.400 1.200 0.100 0.200
40 X 55 1.980 1.650 1.540 1.320 0.110 0.220
40 X 60 2.160 1.800 1.680 1.440 0.120 0.240
45 X 45 1.823 1.519 1.418 1.215 0.102 0.203
45 X 50 2.025 1.688 1.575 1.350 0.113 0.226
45 X 55 2.228 1.856 1.733 1.485 0.124 0.248
45 X 60 2.430 2.025 1.890 1.620 0.135 0.270
50 X 50 2.250 1.875 1.750 1.500 0.125 0.250
50 X 55 2.475 2.063 1.993 1.650 0.138 0.275
50 X 60 2.700 2.250 2.100 1.800 0.150 0.300
55 X 60 2.970 2.475 2.310 1.980 0.165 0.330
55 X 70 3.465 2.888 2.695 2.310 0.193 0.386
55 X 80 3.960 3.300 3.080 2.640 0.220 0.440
55 X 90 4.455 3.713 3.465 2.970 0.248 0.495
55 X 100 4.950 4.125 3.850 3.300 0.275 0.550
60 X 60 3.240 2.700 2.520 2.160 0.180 0.360
60 X 70 3.780 3.150 2.940 2.520 0.210 0.420
60 X 80 4.320 3.600 3.360 2.880 0.240 0.480
60 X 90 4.860 4.050 3.780 3.240 0.270 0.540
60 X 100 5.400 4.500 4.200 3.600 0.300 0.600
65 X 60 3.510 2.925 2.730 2.340 0.195 0.390
65 X 70 4.095 3.413 3.185 2.730 0.228 0.455
65 X 80 4.680 3.900 3.640 3.120 0.260 0.520
65 X 90 5.265 4.388 4.095 3.510 0.293 0.585
65 X 100 5.850 4.875 4.550 3.900 0.325 0.650
70 X 70 4.410 3.675 3.430 2.940 0.245 0.490
70 X 80 5.040 4.200 3.920 3.360 0.280 0.560
70 X 90 5.670 4.725 4.410 3.780 0.315 0.630
70 X 100 6.300 5.250 4.900 4.200 0.350 0.700
75 X 70 4.725 3.938 3.675 3.150 0.263 0.525
75 X 80 5.400 4.500 4.200 3.600 0.360 0.720
75 X 90 6.075 5.063 4.725 4.050 0.338 0.675
75 X 100 6.750 5.625 5.250 4.500 0.375 0.750
80 X 80 5.760 4.800 4.480 3.840 0.320 0.640
80 X 90 6.480 5.400 5.040 4.320 0.360 0.720
80 X 100 7.650 6.375 5.950 5.100 0.525 1.050
85 X 80 6.120 5.100 4.480 4.080 0.340 0.680
85 X 90 6.885 5.738 5.040 4.590 0.383 0.765
85 X 100 7.650 6.375 5.950 5.100 0.425 0.850
90 X 90 7.290 6.075 5.670 4.860 0.405 0.810
90 X 100 8.100 6.750 6.300 5.400 0.450 0.900
95 X 90 7.695 6.413 5.985 5.130 0.428 0.855
95 X 100 8.550 7.125 6.650 5.700 0.475 0.950
100 X 100 9.000 7.500 7.000 6.000 0.500 1.000
Table 1-5 QUANTITY OF CEMENT, SAND AND GRAVEL PER METER
LENGTH OF CIRCULAR COLUMN
Col. Dia. mm 40 kg. Cement 50 Kg. Cement Sand cu.m Gravel Cu.m
25 0.442 0.368 0.344 0.295 0.025 0.050
30 0.636 0.530 0.495 0.424 0.035 0.070
35 0.866 0.722 0.673 0.577 0.048 0.096
40 1.131 0.942 0.880 0.754 0.063 0.126
50 1.767 1.473 1.374 1.178 0.098 0.196
55 2.138 1.782 1.663 1.425 0.119 0.238
60 2.545 2.121 1.979 1.696 0.141 0.282
65 2.986 2.488 2.323 1.991 0.166 0.332
70 3.464 2.886 2.694 2.309 0.192 0.384
75 3.976 3.313 3.093 2.651 0.221 0.442
80 4.524 3.770 3.519 3.016 0.251 0.502
85 5.107 4.256 3.972 3.405 0.284 0.568
90 5.726 4.771 4.453 3.817 0.318 0.636
100 7.069 5.890 5.498 4.712 0.393 0.786
TABLE 1-6 Quantity of cement, sand and gravel per
concrete pipe
Cement In bags
Dia. In cm Gravel
Class of Mixture Sand cu.m
Cu.m
D d A B
21.000 15.000 0.152 0.127 0.009 0.018
26.000 20.000 0.195 0.163 0.011 0.022
33.000 25.000 0.328 0.274 0.019 0.037
39.000 30.000 0.436 0.363 0.025 0.050
50.000 40.000 0.635 0.530 0.036 0.072
60.000 50.000 0.779 0.650 0.044 0.088
78.000 60.000 1.755 1.463 0.098 0.196
90.000 70.000 2.260 1.883 0.126 0.252
100.000 80.000 2.538 2.115 0.141 0.282
110.000 90.000 2.826 2.355 0.157 0.314
120.000 100.000 3.110 2.595 0.173 0.346
144.000 120.000 4.482 3.735 0.249 0.498
174.000 150.000 5.500 4.583 0.306 0.612
HOLLOW BLOCKS
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
Load Bearing Block - 15 - 20 cm thickness Hollow blocks w/c gene
Non - Bearing Block - 7 - 10cm thickness 1. Concrete hollow bloc
SIZE - 4X8X16 inches 2. Cement and sand for
The standard hollow blocks has three void cells and two half cells at both ends. 3. Cement, Sand and gr
4. Cement and fine sand
2 methods for Estimating the materials for mansory 5. Cement, sand and gra
works using HOLLOW BLOCKS
a.) By area method
b.) Fundamental Methods
Thickness Height
AREA METHOD 10 cm 20 cm
Height = 3m No. Of Pieces 0.1 m 0.2 m
15 Layers
Length= 4m 150 pieces Area per pieces Concrete
10 Layers sq.m Hollow Blocks
1 sq.m 12.5 pieces
FUNDAMENTAL METHOD
No. of Pieces
AREA= 12 sq.m 150 pieces
CEMENT MORTAR
*Use for bonding materials in installing manso
Table 2-1 Quantity of Cement and sand for mortar and works.
plaster in cu.m One has to consider ff. items:
a. The mortar to be used between the layer
Class b.The mortar filler for hollow core
Mixture Proportion Cement in Bags Sand c.fine screened sand for plastering
A 1:2 18 14.5 1
B 1:3 12 9.5 1
C 1:4 9 7 1
D 1:5 7 6 1
VOL:
CLASS:
Cement:
Sand:
Table 2-2 Quantity of cement and sand for CHB mortar per sq.m
Table 2-3 Quantity of
SIZE of No. per sq Size of
A B C D Sand cu.m
CHB in cm m CHB
10x20x40 12.5 0.792 0.522 0.394 0.328 0.0435 10x20x40
15x20x40 12.5 1.526 1.018 0.763 0.633 0.0844 15x20x40
20x20x40 12.5 2.26 1.5 1.125 0.938 0.125 20x20x40
Area:
CLASS:
Cement:
Sand:
CEMENT MORTAR FOR PLASTERING
Hollow blocks w/c generally comprises of the ff. items
1. Concrete hollow blocks
2. Cement and sand for block laying
3. Cement, Sand and gravel filler for the hollow core
4. Cement and fine sand for plastering
5. Cement, sand and gravel for foundation or footing
Length
40 cm
0.4 m
pieces Concrete
Hollow Blocks
12.5 pieces
erials in installing mansory blocks and other various plastering
. items:
used between the layer of CHB
llow core
stering
Table 2-3 Quantity of cement and sand per one hundred blocks
Sand,
A B C D
cu.m
6.336 4.176 3.152 2.624 0.348
12.150 8.104 6.072 5.064 0.675
18.072 12.000 9.000 7.504 1.000
G
METAL REINFORCEMENT
STEEL BARS
*Most widely used reinforcing materials for almost all types of concrete construction.
IDENTIFICATION OF STEEL BARS
N = for Billet steel
A =for Axle steel
Rail Sign - for Rail steel
one line - grade 60
two line - grade 75
BAR SPLICE, HOOK AND BEND
SPLICING LENGTH OF STEEL BARS
Types of Reinforcement Minimum Splice Length
1. Tension Bars 25 X Bar size + 150mm
2. Compression Bars 20 X Bar size + 160 mm
MILD STEEL MINIMUM HOOK AND BEND ALLOWANCE
A. CHB reinforcement
Vertical and horizontal reinforcement
B. Footing Reinforcement
1.Footing slab reinforcement for small and medium size footings
2. Dowels, cut bars, anchor, and bend bars
3. Beam reinforcement for medium construction
4. Beam and slab for large construction
5. stirrups
C. Post and Column Reinforcements
1. Main Vertical Reinforcement
a. Single
b. Bundled Bars
2. Lateral Ties
a. Outer ties
b. Inner ties
c. Straight Ties
3. Spiral Ties for circular column
4. Dowels for partitions and other future attachments
D. Beam and Girder Reinforcements
1. main Reinforcement
a. Straight bars
b. Bend bars
c. Additional cut bars for tension and compression
d. Dowel bars for future attachment
2. Stirrups
a.Open Stirrups
b. Closed stirrups
c. Straight stirrups of ties
3. Cut bars
a. over and across the support
b. between supports
c. dowels and hangers for ceiling and parition
E. Floor Slab Reinforcement
1. Main reinforcement
a. Straight main reinforcing bars
b. alternate main reinforcing bars w/ bend bet. And over the beam support
c. main alternate bars over support
2. Temp. bars tied perpendicular to the main reinforcement
3. additional alternate cut bars over the support
4. Dowels and hangers for ceiling
E.OTHERS
A. CHB reinforcement
1. Direct counting method
2. area method
3. unit block method
Table 3-5 Length of reinforcing bars for CHB in meters
Vertical reinforcement Horizontal reinforcement
Spacing Length of bars in meter Spacing Length of bars in meter
cm. Per block Per Meter Layer Per block
40 0.235 2.930 2 0.264
60 0.171 2.130 3 0.172
80 0.128 1.600 4 0.138
AREA METHOD UNIT BLOCK
Area= AREA=
H= CHB=
V= TOTAL L=
TOTAL L=
1.)TIE WIRE FOR CHB
*refer to gauge no.16 galvanized iron wire or G.I wire used to secure the steel bars into designe
*wire is cut ranging to 20 - 40cm
*10mm,12mm,16mm - 25 - 40 tie wires
53 meters per kg
TABLE 3-6 No. 16 G.I TIE WIRE FOR CHB REINFORCEMENT PER SQUARE METER
Horizonta Kilograms per sq. m
Vertical
l Layer
Spacing 25 cm. tie 30 cm. tie 40 cm tie
spacing
40 2 0.054 0.065 0.086
40 3 0.039 0.047 0.063
40 4 0.024 0.029 0.039
60 2 0.036 0.044 0.057
60 3 0.026 0.032 0.042
60 4 0.02 0.024 0.032
80 2 0.027 0.033 0.044
80 3 0.02 0.024 0.032
80 4 0.015 0.018 0.024
A=
Weight
C. Post and Column Reinforcements
Direct counting
D. Beam and Girder Reinforcements
Direct counting
LATERAL TIES
a. if main longitudinal reinforcemet of a tied column is No.10 bars or smaller in
size( lower than 30mm) , the lateral ties should not be smaller than No.3 or 10mm dia.
b. If the main reinforcement of a tied column is no. 11 to no.18 (35mm to 66mm) and
bundled bars, the laterak ties should not be less than No. 4 or 12mm dia.
lateral ties spacing shld not exceed:
9 dia. in mm 1. 16 X the longitudinal bar dia. 144
10 dia. in mm 2. 48 X the lateral tie bar dia. 480 spacing is the least among the
3. The least dimension of the column 3
meters
orizontal reinforcement
Length of bars in meter
Per Meter
3.300
2.150
1.720
ecure the steel bars into designed position.
rs or smaller in
han No.3 or 10mm dia.
(35mm to 66mm) and
WOOD
Lumber - boards, planks, timber
Rough Lumber - lumber w/ rough surface
S2s - S4s = number conotes smooth sides
Slab = rough - containing atleast one flat surface
Surface = atleast one smoot side.
Timber = 5 inches or larger un its smallest dimensions
Plank - wide pieces of lumber 4-5 inches thick
Board = less than 4 cm thick and at least 10 cm wide
Flitch = thick piece of lumber
Fine Grained = annual rings are small
Coarse = annual rings are big
Straight grained - direction of the fibers are nearly parallel w/ the side and edges of the board
Crooked or cross grained - lumber taken from crooked tree
