HOA 4
Philippines' primeval expression resided in nature
Cave:
a place of dwelling for early Filipinos to protect themselves against the harsh
weather
required minimal site work and modification
Pleistocene people - earliest dwellers of caves in the Philippines; off-springs of
the ice age
TABON CAVE COMPLEX, SOUTHWEST PALAWAN:
largest cave dwelt in by prehistoric families for 30, 000 years
138 hectares; have more than 200 caverns
PETROGLYPHS, ANGONO, RIZAL
provides evidence of the ancient Filipino's effort to embellish habitation
IJANG, BATANES
mountain top citadels at Savidug Village, Sabtang, Batanes
early Ivatan settlers carved limestones to create vertical walls for defense
STONE AGE
first architectural revolution with the invention of stone tools for cutting fibers
helped develop the temporary tent-like shelters made of wooden skeleton and
vegetative or animal skin
LEAN-TO WINDBREAK/SHELTER
epitome of fundamental act of building
structurally anchored by a pole or a stick at an angle
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early dwelling of the Aeta
inalienable aspect of the Aeta's nomadic lifestyle
TREE HOUSE, arboreal
usually found in areas where violent intertribal conflict and nocturnal raids are
frequent
perched in the forked branches of trees 20-40 feet or even 60 feet above ground
to protect the dwellers from animals and human enemies
RICE TERRACES
a masterpiece of the pre-modern engineering and megalithic architecture
made by human hands to accommodate pond field agriculture
the stones used to construct the terraces is estimated to far exceed in bulk those
used in building the pyramids and the great wall of china
spans the provinces of cordillera's mountain province (ifugao, bontoc, kalinga,
and areas of abra)
walls reach up to 6 meter; 16 meter in some cases
elements: terraspace, embankment, and soil body
Southeast asian culture is descendant from a common ancestry based on the
affiliation with the austronesian family of language
Austronesian vernacular architecture
culture is characterized by a waterborne lifestyle
archetypal austronesian house consists of an architectural system of a wooden
rectangular structure elevated on posts with a thatched pitch roof
settlement patterns have a direct connection to bodies of water; therefore,
communities were developed along it
extended roof line with outward sloping gables forming saddleback curves - most
distinctive feature
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BAHAY KUBO
embodies the features of an austronesian dwelling
"cube house"
lineal dimension = 3 to 4 meters
constructed using wooden structural components (post and lintel framework)
supporting a STEEPLY pitched thatched roof
living floor raised on stilts with a voluminous well-ventilated roof cavity
stilts raise the house to avoid the flood water during rainy seasons and provides
underfloor ventilation during the summer
silong - underfloor space for storage, as a corral for animals, or a shaded
daytime workspace
stilts rest on top of foundation stones rather than being driven directly into the
ground ensuring flexibility during earthquakes
the house can be easily picked up if owner wish to move to another location
because it is assembled without nails. Jointing techniques for load bearing
elements, and wooden pegs and vegetative fiber lashings for non-load bearing
elements
the frame is first constructed on the ground then later to be attached to the posts
walls are made of light materials and it depends on the use and status of the
kubo: matting of folded and stitched palm leaves, flattened/plated bamboo
panels, and wood boards and panels
wall siding may be: nipa or sawali (split bamboo woven in a herringbone)
windows: awning type with nipa or palm window lid
types:
usually no ceilings or room divisions, it is a single multi-functional space;
however, sawali can be used to divide interior but with open doorways
a two to three unit quarter with living/sleeping area, kitchen/storage room,
and an open gallery at the front (balkon) or rear (batalan)
banggera - window with a hanging slatted rack for drying dishes and
utensils
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balkon - anti-room/lounging area
batalan - washing/bathing area
roof as most dominant architectural feature
ifugao dwellings - house that is mostly roof
older bahay kubo
cross gable finials at the apex of the roof as an ever-present feature
tausug's sungan roof - decorated with naga tajuk pasung or manuk-
manuk tajuk pasung
naga - sanskrit for serpent; represents the austronesian
cosmological model in many philippine islamic artifacts
roofing material is thatch
watertight and long-lasting if effectively laid out
IVATAN HOUSES
designed to withstand storms and to overcome earthquakes
kalikanto - stone and lime mortar used to build houses
sinadumparan or maytuab (depending on the shape of roof)
a one-storey roof with a partially submerged basement for storage
raku
two-storey house
thick stone and line masonry topped with gable or hip roof
roof system with bamboo, reed, rattan, and cogon
wooden post and lintel implanted in the walls
vukid - 1 meter thick cogon thatch
4th wall of the house (houses are oriented north-south) - windowless; is facing
the direction of the strongest typhoon winds with
panpe - ropes covering the entire roof fastened securely to the ground by stone
anchors used during typhoons
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MOUNTAIN PROVINCE HOUSES
primarily designed to shield residents from the cold weather
classified by william henry scott to:
northern strain
houses made by the isneg and kalinga
isneg tribe: binuron
rectangular plan covered by a high gable roof
roof framing separate to the floor framework
roof bowed into the shape of a boat turned upside down
only region of the cordillera to have a navigable river and a boat
building tradition
kalinga tribe
the only philippine vernacular form with an octagonal plan
3 divided floorings; center is lowest
southern strain - houses made by ifugao, bontoc, ibaloi, and kankana-ey
ifugao tribe: fale
square plan with either a pyramidal or conical roof resting on the
walls
supported by posts no higher than the floor joints
windowless
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