What Is Theme?

What makes a story linger in our hearts and minds

long after we’ve read it? Often it is the idea on
which the story is built—its theme.
 What Is Theme?
Theme—the central idea, or insight, about life or
human behavior that a story reveals
Living a simple life leads to
greater personal freedom.

The deepest loneliness is

sometimes felt when we are
among friends.
 What Is Theme?
In most stories, the theme is not stated directly.
Instead, it is revealed to us through the characters’
experiences.
 Universal Themes
Different writers from different cultures often
express similar themes.
• A theme is a generalization
about life or human nature.
• Certain types of experiences
are common to all people
everywhere.
 Universal Themes
Universal themes
• come up again and again in literature
• deal with basic human concerns—good and evil,
life and death, love and loss
• shine a light on our common experiences
• can help guide us through our lives
 Universal Themes
Quick Check
Stories Match these familiar
stories to the appropriate
The Little Red Hen universal theme.
Beauty and the Beast
The Three Little Pigs A It pays to work hard and
plan ahead.
The Ugly Duckling
The Frog Prince B Appearances can be
deceiving.
 Universal Themes
Quick Check
Stories Match these familiar
stories to the appropriate
The Little Red Hen A universal theme.
Beauty and the Beast B
The Three Little Pigs A A It pays to work hard and
plan ahead.
The Ugly Duckling B
The Frog Prince B B Appearances can be
deceiving.
 Finding the Theme
Keep the following guidelines in mind when you
want to find and state the theme of a work.
The theme is not the same thing as the
subject.
• The subject is simply the topic. It can be
stated in a single word, such as loyalty.
• The theme makes some revelation about the
subject and should be expressed in a sentence:
“Loyalty to a leader is not always noble.”
 Finding the Theme
Writers often express theme through what
their characters learn.
• Does the main character
change?
• Does a character realize
something he or she did not
know before?
 Finding the Theme
Conflict helps reveal theme.
• What is the conflict, or struggle between
opposing forces, that the main character faces?
• How is the conflict resolved?

Conflict Resolution Theme

Two friends find They return the People are often
a wallet. One wallet and share rewarded for
friend wants to a small reward. making the
return it to the right moral
owner; the other decision.
wants to keep it.
 Finding the Theme
Sometimes the title gives clues.
• Does the title have a special meaning?
• Does it point to the theme?

The theme applies to the entire work.

• Test your statement of the theme. Does it apply
to the whole work, not just to parts of it?
 Finding the Theme
There is no single way to state the theme.
• People may express the same
theme in different words.
• There may be different
opinions about what the main
theme is.
• The most meaningful literary
works often have more than
one theme.
 Finding the Theme
Quick Check
Because of a feud over a piece of land, What is the
Ulrich and Georg are bitter enemies. One conflict and how
night they encounter each other on the is it resolved?
disputed land. Each thinks of killing the
other. Suddenly a huge tree falls and pins
them both under its weight.
What do the
At first the men threaten each other.
characters learn?
After a while, however, they notice each
other’s suffering, make a pact of
friendship, and look forward to being
rescued and living in peace. Then they are
attacked by wolves.
synopsis of “The Interlopers” by Saki
 Finding the Theme
Quick Check
Because of a feud over a piece of What is the
land, Ulrich and Georg are bitter conflict and how
enemies. One night they encounter
is it resolved?
each other on the disputed land.
Each thinks of killing the other.
Suddenly a huge tree falls and pins Two men are
them both under its weight. fighting over a
piece of land.
At first the men threaten each They put the
other. After a while, however, they feud behind
notice each other’s suffering, make a them when they
pact of friendship, and look forward are both facing
to being rescued and living in peace. possible death.
Then they are attacked by wolves.
synopsis of “The Interlopers” by Saki
 Finding the Theme
Quick Check
Because of a feud over a piece of land, What do the
Ulrich and Georg are bitter enemies. One
characters
night they encounter each other on the
disputed land. Each thinks of killing the learn?
other. Suddenly a huge tree falls and pins
them both under its weight. Survival is
more
At first the men threaten each other.
important
After a while, however, they notice each
than land
other’s suffering, make a pact of
ownership.
friendship, and look forward to being
Letting go
rescued and living in peace. Then they are
of hatred
attacked by wolves.
feels good.
synopsis of “The Interlopers” by Saki
 Finding the Theme
Quick Check
Because of a feud over a piece of land, What is the
Ulrich and Georg are bitter enemies. One theme? (State it
night they encounter each other on the in a sentence.)
disputed land. Each thinks of killing the
other. Suddenly a huge tree falls and pins
them both under its weight.
At first the men threaten each other.
After a while, however, they notice each
other’s suffering, make a pact of
friendship, and look forward to being
rescued and living in peace. Then they are
attacked by wolves.
synopsis of “The Interlopers” by Saki
 Finding the Theme
Quick Check
Because of a feud over a piece of What is the
land, Ulrich and Georg are bitter theme? (State it
enemies. One night they encounter each in a sentence.)
other on the disputed land. Each thinks
of killing the other. Suddenly a huge tree If you wait
falls and pins them both under its until tragedy
weight. strikes to make
At first the men threaten each other. peace with
After a while, however, they notice each your enemies,
other’s suffering, make a pact of you may not
friendship, and look forward to being be able to
rescued and living in peace. Then they enjoy the
are attacked by wolves. rewards of
forgiveness.
synopsis of “The Interlopers” by Saki
 Making a Judgment
Don’t accept a story’s theme as valid just because
the story is in print. Instead, ask yourself:
• Is this story’s view of life too
simplistic? Too idealistic? Too
cynical?
• Is the writer trying to push an
idea that does not reflect real
life?
 Making a Judgment
Quick Check
True love solves all of life’s Classify each
problems. theme as either
valid or not
valid. Explain
your choices.
People who have a lot of money or
power are sometimes greedy for
more.

People who do good deeds will be

happy and will not suffer.
 Making a Judgment
Quick Check
True love solves all of life’s Classify each
problems. theme as either
not valid valid or not
(too idealistic)
valid. Explain
your choices.
People who have a lot of money or
power are sometimes greedy for
more. valid
(true to life)

People who do good deeds will be

happy and will not suffer.
not valid
(too idealistic)
The End