Subject Name and Code: Academic Year:

Elements of Electrical 2021-22

Engineering (22215)

Semester:
Course Name: IF2I Second
A STUDY ON
Series circuit and Parallel circuit
MICRO PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in March/April 2022 by the group of 5 students
Sr. Roll No. Full Name of Students Enrollment Seat No.
No (Sem-II) No. (Sem-II)
1. 36 Yaseen Bobre 2109350164

2. 37 Raj Yashwantrao 2109350165

3. 38 Ayan Rais 2109350166

4. 39 Shruti Gupta 2109350167

5. 40 Farhan Shaikh 2109350168

Under the Guidance of Prof. Ashlesha Pawar

In
3 Years of Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology of Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education,
ISO 9001:2008(ISO/IEC-27001:2013)
SHIVAJIRAO S.JONDHLE POLYTECHNIC, ASANGAON.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Yassen Aseem Bobre Roll

No. 36 of Second Semester of Information Technology
Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology at Shivajirao S. Jondhle
Polytechnic Asangaon, Shahapur-421601 has completed the Micro Project
Satisfactorily in Subject – Elements of Electrical
Engineering (22215). In the academic year 2021-2022 as prescribed curriculum of
I Scheme.

Place: Asangaon Enrollment No:2109350164

Date: / /2022 Exam Seat No:
Ashlesha Pawar Shewta Chanchlani Dr. Sneha h. Jondhle
Project Guide Head of the Department Principle

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Raj Shashikant Yashwantrao Roll No.37 of Second
Semester of Information Technology Diploma Programme in Engineering &
Technology at Shivajirao S. Jondhle Polytechnic Asangaon, Shahapur-421601
has completed Micro Project Satisfactorily in Subject –Elements of Electrical
Engineering (22215). In the academic year 2021-2022 as prescribed curriculum of
I Scheme.

Place: Asangaon Enrollment No:2109350165

Date: / /2022 Exam Seat No:
Ashlesha Pawar Shewta Chanchlani Dr. Sneha h. Jondhle
Project Guide Head of the Department Principle

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Ayan Aslam Rais Roll No. 38 of Second Semester of
Information Technology Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology
at Shivajirao S. Jondhle Polytechnic Asangaon, Shahapur-421601 has
completed the Micro Project Satisfactorily in Subject –Elements of Electrical
Engineering (22215). In the academic year 2021-2022 as prescribed curriculum of
I Scheme.
Place: Asangaon Enrollment
No:2109350166
Date: / /2022 Exam Seat No:
Ashlesha Pawar Shewta Chanchlani Dr. Sneha h. Jondhle
Project Guide Head of the Department Principle
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms.Shruti Deepak Gupta Roll No.39 of Second Semester of
Information Technology Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology
at Shivajirao S. Jondhle Polytechnic Asangaon, Shahapur-421601 has
completed the Micro Project Satisfactorily in Subject –Elements of Electrical
Engineering (22215). In the academic year 2021-2022 as prescribed curriculum of
I Scheme.

Place: Asangaon Enrollment

No:2109350167
Date: / /2022 Exam Seat No:
Ashlesha Pawar Shewta Chanchlani Dr. Sneha h. Jondhle
Project Guide Head of the Department Principle

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

 MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr .Farhan Sabir Shaikh Roll No. 40 of Second Semester of
Information Technology Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology
at Shivajirao S. Jondhle Polytechnic Asangaon, Shahapur-421601 has
completed the Micro Project Satisfactorily in Subject –Elements of Electrical
Engineering (22215). In the academic year 2021-2022 as prescribed curriculum of
I Scheme.

Place: Asangaon Enrollment

No:2109350168
Date: / /2022 Exam Seat No:
Ashlesha Pawar Shewta Chanchlani Dr. Sneha h. Jondhle

Project Guide Head of the Department Principle

INDEX
Sr. No Title Page No

1. Introduction 1

2. Functions
3. Application
4. Components
5. Advantages and Disadvantages
 INTRODUCTION.
Series Circuit
A series circuit is a circuit in which resistors or loads are connected end to end so that

the circuit will have only one path through which electric current flows. Thus, when a

number of resistors are connected in series, the effective resistance (total resistance in

the circuit) is gotten by adding the individual resistance algebraically. That is to say, if

we have resistors with resistance R1, R2, R3 …Rn connected in series, then;

Reff = RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + …Rn.

In series connections, the same current flows across all the branches of the circuits, but

different voltage across it thus making the resistors to have different voltage across

them. Each resistor or load will experience a voltage drop. The applied voltage is equal

to the sum of the voltage drop across the different parts of the circuit. Voltage drop is

proportional to the resistance current being the same throughout the circuit. When loads

are connected in series, the loads will tend to have a common switch. This kind of

connection is employed in school halls, street lights.

Parallel Circuit
Resistors, loads are said to be connected in parallel when the end of each of the

resistors or loads have a common point or junction and the other ends are also

connected to a common point or junction. Such circuits are known as parallel circuits.

Unlike the series circuit connection, when finding the total (effective) resistance in a

parallel circuit, the reciprocal of the individual resistance is taken. Thus, when a number

of resistances are connected in parallel, the reciprocal of the effective resistance is

given by the arithmetic or algebraic sum of the reciprocal of the individual resistance.

1/Reff or 1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 …1/Rn.

Parallel circuit connection have the same voltage flowing across all the branches of the

circuits. Different resistors have their individual current.

FUNCTIONS.

Functions of series circuit :A series circuit can combine different

circuit elements in a single path or branch of the circuitry. A series

circuit can be used where only one path is required between two points.

The current through any series circuit is controlled as the magnitude of

current remains the same throughout.

Series Circuit Function

There is the following essential function of a series circuit:

● In series, circuit current through each circuit element is

identical regardless of the resistance or impedance of the
components connected in the circuit.
● The voltage drop across each circuit element can vary with
the value of resistance, impedance, or electrical
characteristics of each circuit element.
● The total voltage drop in the overall series circuit is equal to
the summation of the voltage drop across the individual
component of the series circuit combination.
● When more than one resistor, capacitor, inductor, or
voltage source are linked in a series combination that can
be replaced by one equivalent value of resistor, inductor,
capacitor or voltage source, respectively.
● The total power dissipated in the series circuit combination
is amounting to the summation of individual power
dissipated by each circuit element in the series circuit.
● The series circuit is also known as the voltage divider
circuit. The potential drop across any circuit element is the
function of the total voltage applied across the overall series
circuit.
Functions of parallel circuit :
A parallel circuit has one function: to keep the electricity
flowing when one pathway is interrupted. A prime
example is light fixtures that use multiple light bulbs. When
a single bulb in the fixture goes the light fixture continues
to operate.
Any circuit can be designed with a parallel or series
combination of different circuit elements. Any circuit element
that has two terminals can form a parallel topology.

Parallel Circuit Function:

Some characteristics of the basic (or elementary) parallel circuit:

● The voltage (or potential drop) across each path in parallel

combination is identical
● The current through each part in parallel combination
depends on the overall impedance or resistance across the
path or branch of the circuit.
● The total current in the overall circuit is equal to the
summation of current across each discrete path in a parallel
combination.
● When more than one resistor, inductor, capacitor, and
current source are linked in parallel combinations, that can
be replaced by a one equivalent value of resistor, inductor,
capacitor, and current source, respectively.
● The circuit is also a current divider circuit as the overall
current throughout the circuit gets divided in all the paths
in parallel combinations.
● The total(or over all) power dissipated in a parallel
combination is equal to the summation of solitary power
dissipated by every circuit element in a parallel circuit.
 Applications.
Application of Series Connection
Some people connect security lights in their homes in series which will make them to

have common switch. The problem with this kind of connection is that when a load

develops a problem, the other connected system will fail. It’s an all or none type of

circuit connection. Till a load gets energy before it delivers it to the other and the one to

deliver fails, there will be a black out.

Series circuit connections are common and greatly employed in electrical equipments.

The tube filaments in small radios are usually in series. Current controlling devices are

always connected in series with the device that they protect. Fuses are connected in

series with the device they protect, Automatic house-heating equipment has a

thermostat, electromagnetic coils, and safety cut-outs connected in series with a voltage

source etc.

Application of Parallel Connection

Parallel circuit connection is very common in use. Various lamps and electrical

appliances in our homes are connected in parallel so that each of the lamps or bobs

and appliances can be operated independently. For us to have control over the

individual lamps or loads, they have to be wired in parallel.

COMPONENTS
Switch
Multicolored bulb

Battery

Wire
Battery connector

Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of Series Connection

● Less size of wire cable is required in series wiring.

● We use to protect the circuit to connect fuse & circuit breakers in
series with other appliances.
● Series circuit don’t get overhead easily due to high resistance
when more load added in the circuit.
● The lifespan of battery in series circuit is more as compared to
parallel.
● It is most simple method of electrical wiring and fault can be easily
detect and repair as compared to parallel or series-parallel wiring.
Disadvantages of Series Circuit

● The break in the wire, failure or removal of any single lamp will
break the circuit and cause all of the others to stop working as
there is only one single path of current to flow in the circuit.
● If more lamps are added in series lighting circuit, they will all be
reduced in brightness. because voltage are shared in series
circuit. If we add more loads in series circuit, the over voltage drop
is increases which is not a good sign for electrical appliances
protection.
● Series Wiring is “ALL or NONE” type wiring mean all the
appliances will work at once or all of them will disconnect if fault
occurs at any one of the connected device in series circuit.
● High supply voltage are needed if we need to add more load (light
bulbs, electric heaters, air conditioner etc) in the series circuit. For
example, If five, 220V Lamps are to be connected in Series, Than
Supply Voltage would have to be: 5 x 220V = 1.1kV.
● The overall series circuit resistance increases (and current
decreases) when more load added in the circuit.
● According to future need, only those electrical appliances should
be added in the current series circuit if they has the same current
rating as current are same at each point in series circuit. However,
we know that electrical appliances and devices i.e. light bulbs, fan,
heater, air conditioner etc have different current rating, therefore,
they can not be connected in series circuit for smooth and efficient
operation.

Advantages of Parallel Circuit

● Each connected electrical device and appliance are independent

from others. This way, switching ON / OFF a device won’t affect
the other appliances and their operation.
 ● In case of break in the cable or removal of any lamp will not break
the all circuits and connected loads, in other words, other
lights/lamps and electrical appliances will still work smoothly.
● If more lamps are added in the parallel lighting circuits, they will not
be reduced in brightness (as it happens only in series lightning
circuits). Because voltage is same at each point in a parallel circuit.
In short, they get the same voltage as the source voltage.
● It is possible to add more light fixture and load points in parallel
circuits according to future need as far as the circuit is not
overloaded.
● Adding additional devices and components wont increase the
resistance but will decrease the overall resistance of the circuit
especially when high current rating devices are used such as air
conditioner and electric heaters.
● parallel wiring is more reliable, safe and simple to use.

Disadvantages of Parallel Connections

● More size of cable and wire is used in parallel lighting wiring

circuit.
● More current needed when additional light bulb added in the
parallel circuit.
● Battery runs out quicker for DC installation.
● The parallel wiring design is more complex as compare to series
wiring.