Drug Study

Drug Classification Action Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing Responsibility

Cefuroxime Antiinfective; Decreases or It is effective for Hypersensitivity to  Body as a Whole:  Should the check the
500mg tablet Antibiotic; second- control the treatment of cephalosporins and Thrombophlebitis patients name, the correct route, dosage,
bid generation the infection penicillinase- related (IV site); pain, and frequency of the
Cephalosporin producingNeisseria antibiotics. burning, cellulitis medicine that should be
gonorrhoea(PPNG). (IM site); given.
Effectively treats superinfections,  Determine history of hypersensitivity
bone and joint positive Coombs' reactions to cephalosporins, penicillins,
infections, bronchitis, test. and history
meningitis, gonorrhea,  GI:Diarrhea, of allergies, particularly to drugs,
otitis nausea, antibiotic- before therapy is initiated.
media, associated colitis.  Inspect IM and IV injection sites
pharyngitis/tonsilliti  Skin:Ra sh , frequently for signs of
s, sinusitis, lower pruritus, urticaria. phlebitis.
respiratory tract  Urogenital:  Report onset of loose stools or diarrhea.
infections, skin and Increased serum Although pseudomembranous colitis.
soft tissue creatinine and  Monitor I&O rates and pattern:
infections, urinary BUN, decreased Especially important in severely ill
tract infections, and creatinine patients receiving high doses. Report
is used for surgical clearance. any significant changes.
prophylaxis,
reducing or
eliminating
infection.

Mefenamic central nervous Aspirin-like drug Relief of pain Pregnancy & lactation, GI discomfort,  Assess pt.’s pain before therapy
Acid system that has including muscular, hypersensitivity, diarrhea or Monitor for possible drug induced
500mg tablet agent; analgesi; nsai analgesic, rheumatic, traumatic, active ulceration constipation, adverse reactions
tid for pain d; antipyretic antipyretic, & anti- dental, post- op and or chronic gas pain, Advise pt. not to take drug for more
inflammatory postpartum pain, inflammation of nausea, than 7 days
activities headache, migraine, either upper or vomiting,  Advise pt. to report immediately
fever, lower GIT, blood drowsiness persistence or failure to relieve pain.
 dysmenorrhea disorders, poor
platelet function,
kidney or liver
impairment,
children < 14 yrs
Ranitidine Therapeutic:  • Inhibits the action •Treatment and Contraindicated in: • CNS:  Assess patient for epigastric or
50mg IV Anti-ulcer agents of histamine at the prevention of heartburn, •Hypersensitivity, Confusion, dizziness, abdominal pain and frank or occult
Q8 Pharmacologic: H2 receptor site acid indigestion, and Cross-sensitivity may drowsiness, hallucinations, blood in the stool, emesis, or gastric
Histamine H2 located primarily in sour stomach. occur; some oral liquids headache aspirate.
antagonists gastric parietal contain alcohol and • CV:  Nurse should know that it may cause
cells, resulting in should be avoided in Arrhythmias false-positive results for urine protein;
inhibition of gastric patients with known • GI: test with sulfosalicylic acid.
acid secretion. intolerance. Altered taste, black tongue,  Inform patient that it may cause
• In addition, Use Cautiously in: constipation, dark stools, drowsiness or dizziness.
ranitidine bismuth • Renal impair- ment diarrhea, drug-induced  Inform patient that increased fluid and
citrate has some • Geriatric patients hepatitis, nausea fiber intake may minimize constipation.
antibacterial action (more • GU:  Advise patient to report onset of black,
against H. pylori. susceptible to adverse Decreased sperm count, tarry stools; fever, sore throat; diarrhea;
CNS reactions) impotence dizziness; rash; confusion; or
• Pregnancy or • ENDO: hallucinations to health care
Lactation Gynecomastia professional promptly.
• HEMAT:  Inform patient that medication may
Agranulocytosis, Aplastic temporarily cause stools and tongue to
Anemia, neutropenia, appear gray black.
thrombocytopenia
• LOCAL:
Pain at IM site
• MISC:
Hypersensitivity reactions,
vasculitis

Ketorolac Nonsteroidal anti- Inhibits Short term management Hypersensitivity  CNS:  Patients who have asthma, aspirin-
30mg IV q8 inflammatory prostaglandin of pain (not to exceed 5 Cross-sensitivity with drowsiness, abnormal induced allergy, and nasal polyps are at
agents, nonopioid synthesis, days total for all routes other NSAIDs may thinking, dizziness, increased risk for developing
analagesics producing combined) exist ¨Pre- or euphoria, headache- hypersensitivity reactions. Assess for
peripherally perioperative use  RESP: rhinitis, asthma, and urticaria.
 mediated analgesia Known alcohol asthma, dyspnea  Assess pain (note type, location, and
Also has antipyretic intolerance  CV: intensity) prior to and 1-2 hr following
and anti- edema, pallor, administration.
inflammatory Use cautiously in: vasodilation  Ketorolac therapy should always be
properties. 1) History of GI  GI: given initially by the IM or IV route.
bleeding GI Bleeding, abnormal Oral therapy should be used only as a
Therapeutic effect: 2) Renal impair-ment taste, diarrhea, dry mouth, continuation of parenteral therapy.
Decreased pain (dosage reduction may dyspepsia, GI pain,  Caution patient to avoid concurrent use
be required) nausea of alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDs,
3) Cardiovascular  GU: acetaminophen, or other OTC
disease oliguria, renal toxicity, medications without consulting health
urinary frequency care professional.
 DERM:  Advise patient to consult if rash, itching,
pruritis, purpura, visual disturbances, tinnitus, weight
sweating, urticarial gain, edema, black stools, persistent
 HEMAT: headche, or influenza-like syndromes
prolonged bleeding time (chills,fever,muscles aches, pain) occur.
 LOCAL:  Effectiveness of therapy can be
injection site pain demonstrated by decrease in severity of
 NEURO: pain. Patients who do not respond to one
paresthesia NSAIDs may respond to another.
 MISC:
allergic reaction,
anaphylaxis
Nalbuphine Narcotic agonist- Nalbuphine acts as  Relief of moderate to  Contraindications:  CNS: Sedation.  Taper dosage when discontinuing after
10mg IV q6 antagonist analgesic an agonist at severe pain hypersensitivity to Clamminess, sweating prolonged use to avoid withdrawal
specific opioid  Preoperative nalbuphine, sulfites; headache, nervousness, symptoms.
receptors in the analgesia, as a lactation. restlessness,  Keep opioids antagonist and facilities
CNS to produce supplement to  Use cautiously with depression, crying, for assisted or controlled respiration
analgesia and surgical anesthesia, emotionally unstable confusion, faintness, readily available in case of respiratory
sedation but also and for clients or those with hostility, unusual dreams, depression.
acts to cause  obstetric analgesia a history of narcotic hallucinations,  Reassure patient about addiction
hallucinations and during labor and abuse; pregnancy euphoria, dysphoria, liability; most patients who receive
its antagonist at mu delivery. prior to labor, labor unreality, dizziness, opiates for medical reasons do not
receptors. or delivery, vertigo, floating feeling, develop dependence syndrome.
bronchial feeling of heaviness,
 asthma, COPD, numbness, tingling,
respiratory flushing, warmth, blurred
depression, anoxia, vision.
increased  CV: Hypotension,
intracranial Hypertension,
pressure, acute MI bradycardia, tachycardia
when nausea and  GI: Nausea, vomiting,
vomiting are present, cramps, dyspepsia, bitter
biliary tract taste, dry mouth
 surgery.  GU: Urinary urgency
 RESPIRATORY:
Respiratory depression,
dyspnea, asthma