Heuristic Optimization Algorithms
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I. INTRODUCTION A-D below for more information on proofreading, spelling and
grammar.
A heuristic algorithm is a method for finding near-optimal
solutions to optimization problems. However, such solutions Keep your text and graphic files separate until after the text
are obtained by sacrificing optimality, completeness, accuracy, has been formatted and styled. Do not use hard tabs, and limit
or precision in exchange for speed. Heuristics can produce a use of hard returns to only one return at the end of a paragraph.
solution on their own or provide a good baseline when Do not add any kind of pagination anywhere in the paper. Do
combined with optimization algorithms. When approximate not number text heads-the template will do that for you.
solutions are sufficient but exact solutions are computationally A. Abbreviations and Acronyms
expensive, heuristic algorithms are frequently used.
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are
used in the text, even after they have been defined in the
II. SWARM INTELLIGENCE abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS, sc, dc,
and rms do not have to be defined. Do not use abbreviations in
A. Selecting a Template (Heading 2) the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.
First, confirm that you have the correct template for your B. Units
paper size. This template has been tailored for output on the
US-letter paper size. If you are using A4-sized paper, please Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units
close this file and download the file “MSW_A4_format”. are encouraged.) English units may be used as
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be the use of English units as identifiers in trade, such
as “3.5-inch disk drive”.
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All margins, column widths, line spaces, and text fonts are amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads
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peculiarities. For example, the head margin in this template dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state
measures proportionately more than is customary. This the units for each quantity that you use in an equation.
measurement and others are deliberate, using specifications that
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units: “Wb/m2” or “webers per square meter”, not accurately replace the word “using”, capitalize the “u”;
“webers/m2”. Spell out units when they appear in text: if not, keep using lower-cased.
“. . . a few henries”, not “. . . a few H”.
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones
Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25”, not “.25”. Use “affect” and “effect”, “complement” and “compliment”,
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C. Equations Do not confuse “imply” and “infer”.
The equations are an exception to the prescribed The prefix “non” is not a word; it should be joined to
specifications of this template. You will need to determine the word it modifies, usually without a hyphen.
whether or not your equation should be typed using either the
Times New Roman or the Symbol font (please no other font). There is no period after the “et” in the Latin
To create multileveled equations, it may be necessary to treat abbreviation “et al.”.
the equation as a graphic and insert it into the text after your The abbreviation “i.e.” means “that is”, and the
paper is styled. abbreviation “e.g.” means “for example”.
Number equations consecutively. Equation numbers, within An excellent style manual for science writers is [7].
parentheses, are to position flush right, as in (1), using a right
tab stop. To make your equations more compact, you may use IV. USING THE TEMPLATE
the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or appropriate exponents. After the text edit has been completed, the paper is ready
Italicize Roman symbols for quantities and variables, but not for the template. Duplicate the template file by using the Save
Greek symbols. Use a long dash rather than a hyphen for a As command, and use the naming convention prescribed by
minus sign. Punctuate equations with commas or periods when your conference for the name of your paper. In this newly
they are part of a sentence, as in: created file, highlight all of the contents and import your
prepared text file. You are now ready to style your paper; use
ab the scroll down window on the left of the MS Word Formatting
toolbar.
Note that the equation is centered using a center tab stop.
Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined A. Authors and Affiliations
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“Eq. (1)” or “equation (1)”, except at the beginning of a authors. A minimum of one author is required for all
sentence: “Equation (1) is . . .” conference articles. Author names should be listed starting
from left to right and then moving down to the next line. This is
D. Some Common Mistakes
the author sequence that will be used in future citations and by
The word “data” is plural, not singular. indexing services. Names should not be listed in columns nor
The subscript for the permeability of vacuum 0, and group by affiliation. Please keep your affiliations as succinct as
other common scientific constants, is zero with possible (for example, do not differentiate among departments
subscript formatting, not a lowercase letter “o”. of the same organization).
In American English, commas, semicolons, periods, 1) For papers with more than six authors: Add author
question and exclamation marks are located within names horizontally, moving to a third row if needed for more
quotation marks only when a complete thought or name than 8 authors.
is cited, such as a title or full quotation. When quotation 2) For papers with less than six authors: To change the
marks are used, instead of a bold or italic typeface, to default, adjust the template as follows.
highlight a word or phrase, punctuation should appear a) Selection: Highlight all author and affiliation lines.
outside of the quotation marks. A parenthetical phrase
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parentheses.) c) Deletion: Delete the author and affiliation lines for
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A graph within a graph is an “inset”, not an “insert”.
The word alternatively is preferred to the word
“alternately” (unless you really mean something that B. Identify the Headings
alternates).
Headings, or heads, are organizational devices that guide
Do not use the word “essentially” to mean the reader through your paper. There are two types: component
“approximately” or “effectively”. heads and text heads.
Component heads identify the different components of your
paper and are not topically subordinate to each other. Examples
include Acknowledgments and References and, for these, the G. thanks...”. Put sponsor acknowledgments in the unnumbered
correct style to use is “Heading 5”. Use “figure caption” for footnote on the first page.
your Figure captions, and “table head” for your table title. Run-
in heads, such as “Abstract”, will require you to apply a style REFERENCES
(in this case, italic) in addition to the style provided by the drop The template will number citations consecutively within
down menu to differentiate the head from the text. brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the bracket [2].
Text heads organize the topics on a relational, hierarchical Refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]—do not use
basis. For example, the paper title is the primary text head “Ref. [3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a
because all subsequent material relates and elaborates on this sentence: “Reference [3] was the first ...”
one topic. If there are two or more sub-topics, the next level Number footnotes separately in superscripts. Place the
head (uppercase Roman numerals) should be used and, actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was
conversely, if there are not at least two sub-topics, then no cited. Do not put footnotes in the abstract or reference list. Use
subheads should be introduced. Styles named “Heading 1”, letters for table footnotes.
“Heading 2”, “Heading 3”, and “Heading 4” are prescribed.
Unless there are six authors or more give all authors’
C. Figures and Tables names; do not use “et al.”. Papers that have not been published,
a) Positioning Figures and Tables: Place figures and even if they have been submitted for publication, should be
tables at the top and bottom of columns. Avoid placing them cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been accepted for
in the middle of columns. Large figures and tables may span publication should be cited as “in press” [5]. Capitalize only
across both columns. Figure captions should be below the the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and
figures; table heads should appear above the tables. Insert element symbols.
figures and tables after they are cited in the text. Use the For papers published in translation journals, please give the
abbreviation “Fig. 1”, even at the beginning of a sentence. English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language
citation [6].
TABLE I. TABLE TYPE STYLES
Table Table Column Head [1] G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, “On certain integrals of
Head Table column subhead Subhead Subhead Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,” Phil.
Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529–551, April 1955.
copy More table copya (references)
a.
Sample of a Table footnote. (Table footnote) [2] J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol.
2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68–73.
Fig. 1. Example of a figure caption. (figure caption)
[3] I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchange
anisotropy,” in Magnetism, vol. III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New
Figure Labels: Use 8 point Times New Roman for Figure York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271–350.
labels. Use words rather than symbols or abbreviations when [4] K. Elissa, “Title of paper if known,” unpublished.
writing Figure axis labels to avoid confusing the reader. As an [5] R. Nicole, “Title of paper with only first word capitalized,” J. Name
example, write the quantity “Magnetization”, or Stand. Abbrev., in press.
“Magnetization, M”, not just “M”. If including units in the [6] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopy
label, present them within parentheses. Do not label axes only studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,” IEEE
with units. In the example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740–741, August 1987 [Digests 9th
Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982].
“Magnetization {A[m(1)]}”, not just “A/m”. Do not label axes
with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write [7] M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA:
University Science, 1989.
“Temperature (K)”, not “Temperature/K”.
IEEE conference templates contain guidance text for
ACKNOWLEDGMENT (Heading 5) composing and formatting conference papers. Please
ensure that all template text is removed from your
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in conference paper prior to submission to the conference.
America is without an “e” after the “g”. Avoid the stilted Failure to remove template text from your paper may
result in your paper not being published.
expression “one of us (R. B. G.) thanks ...”. Instead, try “R. B.
