SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT
RULES 2016
 Solid waste are
wastes that are
not liquid or
gaseous

The term solid

waste means :
Solid wastes are
Material such as all the discarded
household solid materials
garbage, food from municipal,
wastes, yard industrial, and
wastes, and
demolition or
What agricultural
activities
construction
debris
Is Solid
Waste
TIMELINE OF
TRASH
 • North America - Archeological studies shows a clan of Native
6,500 Americans in what is now Colorado produced an average of 5.3
BC pounds of waste a day.
• Athens Greece - First municipal dump in western world organized.
500 Regulations required waste to be dumped at least a mile from the city
BC limits.

• England - English Parliament bars waste dispersal in public

1388 waterways

• Paris, France - Garbage piles so high outside of Paris gates that it

1400 interfered with city defense.

• England - A report links disease to filthy environmental conditions -

1842 "age of sanitation" begins

• Nottingham England - A new technology called "the Destructor"

provided the first systematic incineration of refuse in Nottingham,
1874 England. Until this time, much of the burning was accidental, a result
of methane production
 • United States – Waste Reduction plants arrive in US. (for compressing
1896 organic wastes). Later closed because of noxious emissions.

• Turn of Century - By the turn of the century the garbage problem was
seen as one of the greatest problems for local authorities
• "Piggeries" were developed to eat fresh or cooked garbage (In the mid-
1900 50's an outbreak of vesicluar exenthama resulted in the destruction of
1,000s of pigs that had eaten raw garbage
• U.S - Landfills were becoming a popular way of reclaiming swamp
1920's land while getting rid of trash

• U.S - The first federal solid waste management laws were enacted
1965

• U.S - The First Earth Day was celebrated, the Environmental

Protection Agency EPA was created and the Resource RecoveryAct
1970 enacted

• U.S - The EPA issued criteria prohibiting open dumping

1979
CHAPTERS OF
RULES
2 Application

4 Duties of waste generators

5. Duties of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate

Change

6. Duties of Ministry of Urban Development

7. Duties of Department of Fertilisers, Ministry of Chemicals

and Fertilisers.

8. Duties of Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India

9. Duties of the Ministry of Power

10. Duties of Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Sources

11. Duties of the Secretary–in-charge, Urban Development in the
States and Union territories

12. Duties of District Magistrate or District Collector or Deputy

Commissioner

13. Duties of the Secretary–in-charge of Village Panchayats or Rural

Development Department in the State and Union territory

14. Duties of Central Pollution Control Board

15. Duties and responsibilities of local authorities and village

Panchayats of census towns and urban agglomerations

16. Duties of State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control

Committee

17. Duty of manufacturers or brand owners of disposable products

and sanitary napkins and diapers
18. Duties of the industrial units located within one hundred km
from the refused derived fuel and waste to energy plants based on
solid waste
19. Criteria for Duties regarding setting-up solid waste processing
and treatment facility
20. Criteria and actions to be taken for solid waste management in
hilly areas

21. Criteria for waste to energy process.

22. Time frame for implementation

23. State Level Advisory Body.

24. Annual report

25. Accident reporting

 The objective of solid wastes
management to control, collect,
process, dispose of solid wastes in an
economical way consistent with
the public health protection
 Definition Of All wastes, resulting from
population, residential and non
Municipal SolidWaste residential buildings, as well as
(MSW ) transport vehicles

Municipal solid waste (MSW)

commonly known as:
trash or garbage
refuse or rubbish
▪TOTAL NO: 58 DEFINITIONS
 • means a process which entails enzymatic
Bio decomposition of the organic matter by
microbial action to produce methane rich
methanation biogas

• means and includes buildings occupied by the Central

government departments or undertakings, State government
Bulk waste departments or undertakings, local bodies, public sector
undertakings or private companies, hospitals, nursing homes,
schools, colleges, universities, other educational institutions,
generator hostels, hotels, commercial establishments, markets, places of
worship, stadia and sports complexes having an average waste
generation rate exceeding 100kg per day

• means regulatory framework notified by local body,

census town and notified area townships for
Bye laws facilitating the implementation of these rules
effectively in their jurisdiction.
 • means an urban area as defined by the Registrar
Census town General and Census Commissioner of India

• means non-biodegradable, non-recyclable, non-

Combustible reusable, non hazardous solid waste having
minimum calorific value exceeding 1500 kcal/kg
waste and excluding chlorinated materials like plastic,
wood pulp

• means establishment of dispersed facilities for

Decentralised maximizing the processing of biodegradable waste
and recovery of recyclables closest to the source of
processing generation so as to minimize transportation of
waste for processing or disposal
 • means rebuilding of old residential or commercial
buildings at the same site, where the existing
Redevelopment buildings and other infrastructures have become
dilapidate

• means fuel derived from combustible waste fraction

Refused derived of solid waste like plastic, wood, pulp or organic
waste, other than chlorinated materials, in the form
fuel of pellets or fluff produced by drying, shredding,
dehydrating and compacting of solid waste

Residual solid • means and includes the waste and rejects from the
solid waste processing facilities which are not
waste suitable for recycling or further processing
Anaerobic • means a controlled process involving microbial
decomposition of organic matter in absence of
disgestion oxygen

Aerobic • means a controlled process involving microbial

decomposition of organic matter in the presence of
compositing oxygen

• means zone of no development to be maintained

around solid waste processing and disposal facility,
Buffer zone exceeding 5 TPD of installed capacity. This will be
maintained within total and area allotted for the solid
waste processing and disposal facility
 • means responsibility of any producer of
Extended packaging products such as plastic, tin, glass
producer and corrugated boxes, etc., for
environmentally sound management, till end-
responsibilty of-life of the packaging products

• means an engineered process involving

burning or combustion of solid waste to
Incerination thermally degrade waste materials at high
temperatures

• means the liquid that seeps through solid

Leachate waste or other medium and has extracts of
dissolved or suspended material from it
 Residential
Industrial
Commercial
Institutional
Construction/Demolition
Municipal Services Process
(Manufacturing)
Agriculture
 Sewage Rubbish
treatment
residue

Type Of Demolition
MSW Wastes
Dead
animals

Construction
Garbage waste
 Element Of MSW
Management

• Waste generation
• Waste handling, sorting, storage,
and processing at the source
• Collection
• Separation, processing and
transformation of solid wastes
• Transfer and transport
• Energy Generation
• Disposal
 Strategies forEffective
and Environmental
Friendly

• Minimize waste generation

• Maximize waste recycling and reuse
• Educate people on different ways of
handling waste
• Systematic solid waste management
 INTRODUCTION
Waste:
Depending on their physical state they are classified
as:

❑Liquid wastes
❑Gaseous wastes
❑Solid wastes.

Solid waste: Solid waste is the unwanted or useless

solid materials generated from combined residential,
industrial and commercial activities in a given area.
 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

▪Solid waste management is the process of

collection, transportation and disposal of solid
waste in a systematic, economic and hygienic
manner.

‘Or’

▪Solid-waste management is the process of the

collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material
that is discarded because it is of no longer use.
 CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE
Solid wastes are classified as:

✓ Based on their sources of origin:

❑ Residential wastes
❑ Commercial wastes
❑ Institutional waste
❑ Municipal wastes
❑ Industrial wastes
❑ Agricultural wastes
✓ Based on physical nature:
❑ Garbage
❑ Ashes
❑ Combustible and non-combustible wastes
❑ Demolition and construction wastes
❑ Hazardous wastes
 Type Description Sources
S. No.

1. Garbage Residual vegetable or animal Houses, Hotels, Dairies, Meat

(Biodegradable wastes resulting from the handling, stalls etc.
food wastes) preparation, cooking and eating of
foods. They are putrescible, and
decompose rapidly, especially in
warm weather.

2. Combustible and Combustible solid wastes, as Households, Offices, Hotels,

non- paper, cardboard, plastics, textile, Markets etc.
combustible rubber, leather, wood, furniture and
solid waste garden trimmings. Non-
combustible solid wastes as glass,
crockery, tin cans, ferrous and non
ferrous metals.
3. Ashes Residues remaining after the Fire places and Kitchens of
burning of wood, coal, coke and houses, hotels, hostels etc.
other combustible wastes.

4. Demolition and Inert wastes such as dirt, stones, Demolition and Construction
constructio concrete, bricks, pieces of of buildings
n wastes plumbing and heating and
electrical parts

5. Industrial wastes They are specific for a specific Different types of Industries,
industry. Their characteristics Thermal power plants etc.
vary widely as inert, highly
biodegradable, toxic, reactive,
odorous, corrosive, hot, cold,
coloured, viscous, inflammable
and dusty
ENGINEERED SYSTEMS FOR SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Waste collection into dust bins

On-site handling, storage and processing

Transportation

Processing

Disposal.
 METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF
THE SOLID WASTE
With different types of wastes, different treatment methods are applied.
These treatment processes has been listed below:

❑ Open Dumps

❑ Landfills

❑ AnaerobicDigestion

❑ Composting

❑ Vermicomposting

❑ Encapsulation

❑ Incineration
•Open dumps refer to
uncovered areas that are used
to dump solid waste of all
kinds.
• The waste is untreated, and
not segregated.
•It is the breeding ground for
files, rats, and other insects that
spread disease.
•The rainwater run-off flows
these dumps contaminates
nearby land and water, thereby Open dump site
spreading disease. In some
countries, open dumps are
being phased out.
•A landfill may also refer to the ground that has been filled in with
soil and rocks instead of waste materials, so that it can be used for a
specific purpose, such as for buildinghouses.

• Landfill, also known as a dump or tip, is a site for disposal of waste

materials by burial.

•Older, poorly designed or poorly managed landfills can create a

number of adverse environmental impacts such as wind-blown litter,
attraction of vermin, and generation of liquid leachate.
➢ Sanitary landfills:

•Sanitary Landfills are designed to greatly reduce or eliminate the risks that waste
disposal may pose to the public health and environmental quality.

Fig: Main features of a modern landfill (Sanitary landfill)

Composting is the biological
decomposition of organic waste
under controlled aerobic condition.

Industries as paper,
agricultural and food processing
give out wastes which are almost
100% organic. This organic matter
can be composted to yield good
manure.

Compost is the end

product obtained after subjecting
the organic fraction of solid waste
to aerobic or anaerobic
decomposition to yield humus like
solid, carbon dioxide, water vapour Fig: Compost cycle
and energy.
➢ Different stages of composting:

❑ Segregation of solid waste

❑ Processing the compostable matter

❑ Preparation for compost

❑ Digestion

❑ Curing

❑ Screening

[Ref: T. Srinivas, Environmental Biotechnology]

➢ Mechanism of composting:

• Composting is a very complex process

involving the participation of several
microorganisms like bacteria, actinomycetes
and fungi.

•The bacteria bring out the decomposition of

macromolecule namely proteins and lipids.
Besides generating energy (heat) . Fungi and
actinomycetes degrade cellulose and other
complex organic compounds.

•Composting may be divided into three stages

with reference to changes in temperature: Fig: Growth pattern of microbes
❑ Mesophilic stage during composting
❑ Thermophilic stage
❑ Cooling stage
•Anaerobic digestion is a regulated version of the natural events of landfill,
in that it results in the controlled release of methane-rich biogas, which
offers the potential for a very real form of energy from waste.

• It is carried out in large fermented tanks.

•In these tanks, solid waste is taken in the absence of oxygen and the
anaerobic bacteria convert the large organic molecules mainly into methane
CH4 and carbon dioxideCO2.

•Unlike composting, Anaerobic Digestion occurs at one of three distinct

temperature ranges, namely:
❑ Cryophilic (<20 ◦C)
❑ Mesophilic (20–45 ◦C)
❑ Thermophilic (>45 ◦C)
➢ Micro-organisms involved in Anaerobic digestion:

There are four main groups of bacteria involved in Anaerobic digestion, as

shown below, with some typical examples of each:

❑ Hydrolytic fermentative bacteria – Clostridium and Peptococcus.

❑ Acetogenic bacteria – Syntrophobacter and Syntrophomonas.
❑ Acidogenic bacteria – Methanosarcina and Methanothrix.
❑ Methanogenic bacteria – Methanobacterium and Methanobrevibacterium.
➢ THE DIGESTION Complex organic matter
(eg: fat, carbohydrate, protein, lipids etc)
PROCESS
Hydrolysis Hydrolytic bacteria
The digestion process involves 4
steps. They are: Monomer unit
❑ Hydrolysis (eg: glucose, fatty acid, glycerol etc)
Fermentative
❑ Acidogenesis Acidogenesis
acidogenic bacteria

❑ Acetogenesis Organic acids(acetic, butyric, propionic

acid),alcohol and ketones
❑ Methanogenesis Acetogenesis Acetogenic bacteria

Acetates, CO2, H2O

Methanogenic
Methanogenesis bacteria

Methane, CO2, H2O

 V. VERMICOMPOSTING

•Vermicomposting is a simple biotechnological process of composting, in

which certain species of earthworms are used to enhance the process of
waste conversion and produce a better end product.

•Vermicomposting differs from composting in several ways.

❑Utilizing microorganism’s (earthworms thatare active at 10– 32°C).

❑The process is faster than composting (Because the material passes
through the earthworm gut, a significant but not yet fully understood
transformation takes place, whereby the resulting earthworm castings
(worm manure) are rich in microbial activity and plant growth
regulators).
➢ Types of earthworms:
There are nearly 3600 types of earthworms in the world and they aremainly
divided into two types:
❑ Burrowing earthworm
❑ Non-burrowing earthworm.

The Indian Species are: Dichogaster bolaui, Drawida willsi, Lampito mauritti,
perionyx excavates, O.Surensis, M.elongata.

Characters Burrowing earthworm Non-burrowing

earthworm
Habitat Live deep in soil. Live in upper layer of
soil
Colour Pale Red, Purple

Length 20-30 cm. 10-15 cm.

Life span 15 years 28 months

Example Pertima elongate, Eisenia fetida,

Pertima asiatica Eudrilus eugenae
40
➢ Vermicomposting process:
Vermicomposting Process
❑ Encapsulation:

Solid particulate waste material is coated with a thermosetting resin which is

compressed and cured to form a rigid core. The rigid core is coated with a
flexible thermoplastic resin to provide a sealed encapsulated waste
agglomerate which can withstand moderate compressive loads.

type of Encapsulation method :

❑ Microencapsulation
❑ Incineration:

•Incineration is the most common thermal treatment process. It is

burning of the waste at a temperature of 1000°C ± 100°C in the
presence of oxygen so as to eliminate all odours and to ensure good
combustion.

•After incineration, the wastes are converted to carbon dioxide, water

vapour and ash.

•It converts hazardous organic substances into less hazardous

components.
Important points regarding incineration

➢Supplying of solid waste should be continuous.

➢Waste should be proper mixed with fuel for

complete combustion.

➢Temp. should not less than 670 ˚C.

 MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE

The fundamental objective of waste processing is to reduce the amount

of wastes through recycling and disposal of waste in a way not to impair
environmental conservation.

Four R’s should be followed for waste management:

❑ Refuse
❑ Reuse
❑ Recycle
❑ Reduce
The management of the solid waste is done according to its nature:

i. Management of Medical solid waste

ii. Management of non-degradable solid waste
iii. Management of Hazardous waste
iv. Management of non-hazardous & biodegradable solid
waste
v. Management of electronic waste “e-waste”
 I. MANAGEMENT OF MEDICAL SOLID WASTE

•Hospital waste is generated during the

diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human
beings or animals or in research activities in these
fields or in the production or testing of biological.

•Medical solid waste includes both non-hazardous

and hazardous waste constituents.

✓ The non-hazardous waste

✓ Hazardous wastes
Medical solid waste
Treatment options:
❑ Incineration
❑ Sanitary landfill
 II. MANAGEMENT OF NON-DEGRADABLE
SOLID WASTE
• Examples of non-degradable solid wastes are:
❑ Ferrous & non-ferrous metals: Eg: Iron,
Steel and Aluminiumetc.
❑ Glass

❑ Plastics

❑ Textiles

• Treatment options:

❑ Recycling
❑ Sanitary landfill
❑ Incineration
Following process applied in hazardous
waste treatment:

❑ Physical separation
❑ Gravity separation
❑ Dissolved air floatation
❑ Solvent extraction
❑ Sorption on activated carbon

Treatment options:
❑ Thermal treatment Hazardous waste
❑ Incineration
❑ Biological treatment
 MANAGEMENT OF NON-HAZARDOUS &
BIODEGRADABLE SOLID WASTE

•Non-hazardous solid waste is total waste including municipal waste, industrial

waste, agricultural waste and sewage sludge.

•Following methods are followed by management of non-hazardous and

biodegradable solid wastes:

❑ Open Dumps
❑ Landfills
❑ Anaerobic Digestion
❑ Composting
❑ Vermicomposting
•Electronic waste is of concern largely due to the toxicity and
carcinogenicity of some of the substances if processed improperly. Toxic
substances in electronic waste include lead, mercury and cadmium.
Carcinogenic substances in electronic waste may include polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs).

•A typical computer may contain more than 6% lead by weight.

Capacitors, transformers, PVC insulated wires of polychlorinated
biphenyls.
➢ Sources, Constituents and effect of E-waste:
Source of e-wastes Constituent Health effects

Solder in printed circuit Lead (PB) • Damage to central and peripheral nervous
boards, glass panels systems, blood systems and kidney damage.
and gaskets in
• Affects brain development of children.
computer monitors

Chip resistors and Cadmium (CD) • Toxic irreversible effects on human health.
semiconductors
• Accumulates in kidney and liver.

Relays and switches, Mercury (Hg) • Chronic damage to the brain.

printed circuit boards
• Respiratory and skin disorders due to
bioaccumulation in fishes.

Corrosion protection of Hexavalent • Asthmatic bronchitis.

untreated and chromium (Cr)
• DNA damage.
galvanized steel plates, VI
decorator or hardner for
steel housings
➢ Treatment options:

E-waste consists of Diverse items like ferrous and non-ferrous metals, glass,
plastics, electronic components and other items. The potential treatment options
based on this composition are given below:

❑ Encapsulation

❑ Incineration

❑ Sanitary landfill
 REUSE OF THE ELECTRONIC WASTE IN THE FORM OF ASTOOL

Designer Rodrigo Alonso created

N+ew Seats to address this stools
that are formed of a whole lot of
electronic junk. This was covered
back in 2007.
The idea behind N+EW isn’t the
creation of a recyclable object, but
the way to immortalize and to give a
last use to objects that their only
destination is contamination."

E-Waste Furniture

35
There are certain factors that affect the management of solid waste:
management. They are:

❑ Per capita income and status

❑ Climate and percentage moisture

❑ Systematic growth of city

❑ Status of the municipality

❑ Resources available
RULES
These rules shall apply to every urban local body,
outgrowths in urban agglomerations, census towns as
declared by the Registrar General and Census
Commissioner of India, notified areas, notified
industrial townships, areas under the control of
Indian Railways, airports, airbases, Ports and
harbours, defence establishments, special economic
zones, State and Central government organisations,
places of pilgrims, religious and historical
importance as may be notified by respective State
2.
government from time to time and to every domestic, APPLICATION
institutional, commercial and any other non
residential solid waste generator situated in the areas
except industrial waste, hazardous waste, hazardous
chemicals, bio medical wastes, e-waste, lead acid
batteries and radio-active waste, that are covered
under separate rules framed under the Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986
▪Segregate bio-degradable,
non-biodegradable and
domestic hazardous wastes
– handing over to waste
collectors.
▪Securely wrap sanitary
waste like diapers, sanitary
4. DUTIES OF
pads, etc. and place in the
bin meant for dry / non-
WASTE
biodegradable waste GENERATORS
▪Horticulture & Garden
waste – store separately
and dispose accordingly
▪ Burning & littering of solid
waste not to be undertaken
▪ Payment of user fee for solid
waste management as per bye-
laws
▪ All Resident Welfare and
Market Associations, Gated
communities and institution
with an area > 5,000 sq m and
all hotels & restaurant to
partnership with local
authority in solid waste
management
 DUTIES OF
STAKEHOLDERS
▪ The Ministry of Environment,
Forest and Climate Change
shall be responsible for over all
monitoring the implementation
of these rules in the country. 5. DUTIES OF
▪ It shall constitute a Central MINISTRY OF
Monitoring Committee under ENVIRONMEN
the Chairmanship of Secretary, T, FOREST
Ministry of Environment,
Forest and Climate Change
AND CLIMATE
comprising officer not below CHANGE.
the rank of Joint Secretary or
Advisor from the following
namely,
 1) Ministry of Urban Development
2) Ministry of Rural Development
3) Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
4) Ministry of Agriculture
5) Central Pollution Control Board
6) Three State Pollution Control Boards or Pollution Control Committees
by rotation
7) Urban Development Departments of three State Governments by
rotation
8) Rural Development Departments from two State Governments by
rotation
9) Three Urban Local bodies by rotation
10) Two census towns by rotation
11) FICCI, CII
12) Two subject experts

This Central Monitoring Committee shall meet at least once in a year to monitor and
review the implementation of these rules. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change may co-opt other experts, if needed. The Committee shall be renewed
every three years
 6. Duties of
Ministry of Urban
Development
take periodic review of the measures taken by the states and local
bodies for improving SWM practices and execution of SWM projects
funded by the Ministry and external agencies at least once in a year and
give advice on taking corrective measures

Formulate national policy with regard to Waste to Energy, Research

& Development, training

facilitate States and Union Territories in formulation of state policy

and strategy on solid management based on national solid waste
management policy and national urban sanitation policy

promote research and development in solid waste management sector

and disseminate information to States and local bodies

undertake training and capacity building of local bodies and other

stakeholders

provide technical guidelines and project finance to states, Union

territories and local bodies on solid waste management to facilitate
meeting timelines and standards.
7. Department of Fertilizers,
Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers
▪Provide market development
assistance on compost
▪Compost : chemical fertilizer :: 3 to
4 bags : 6 to 7 bags
8.Duties of Ministry of
Agriculture,
Govt. of India
provide flexibility in Fertiliser Control Order for manufacturing
and sale of compost

propagate utlisation of compost on farm land

set up laboratories to test quality of compost produced by local

authorities or their authorised agencies

issue suitable guidelines for maintaining the quality of compost

and ratio of use of compost visa-a-vis chemical fertilizers while
applying compost to farmland.
▪9.Ministry of Power
▪Decide tariffs for Waste to Energy plants based
on solid waste and compulsory purchase of
power
▪10.Ministry of New & Renewable Energy
Source
▪To facilitate creation of Waste to Energy plants
▪provide subsidies or incentives for such waste
to energy plants
 11. DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY–IN-
CHARGE, URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN
THE STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES
prepare a state policy and SWM strategy for the state or the union territory in
consultation with stakeholders period not later than one year from the date of
notification of these rules

while preparing State policy and strategy on solid waste management, lay
emphasis on waste reduction, reuse, recycling, recovery and optimum
utilisation of various components of solid waste to ensure minimisation of
waste going to the landfill and minimise impact of solid waste on human health
and environment

state policies and strategies should acknowledge the primary role played by
the informal sector of waste pickers, waste collectors and recycling industry in
reducing waste and provide broad guidelines regarding integration of waste
picker or informal waste collectors in the waste management system.
direct the town planning department of the State to
ensure that master plan of every city except for the
cities who are members of common waste processing
facility or regional sanitary landfill for a group of cities

ensure identification and allocation of suitable land

to the local bodies within one year for setting up of
processing and disposal facilities for solid wastes and
incorporate them in the master plans
direct the town planning department of the State and local
bodies to ensure that a separate space for segregation, storage, for
processing of solid waste, for units exceeding 200 dwelling or
having a plot area exceeding 5,000 square meters

direct the developers of Special Economic Zone, Industrial

Estate, Industrial Park to earmark at least five percent of the total
area of the plot or minimum five plots or sheds for recovery and
recycling facility

facilitate establishment of common regional sanitary land fill

for a group of cities and towns falling within a distance of 50 km
(or more) from the regional facility on a cost sharing basis and
ensure professional management of such sanitary landfills
arrange for capacity building of local bodies in
managing solid waste, segregation and transportation or
processing of such waste at source;

notify buffer zone for the solid waste processing and

disposal facilities of more than five tons per day in
consultation with the State Pollution Control Board; and

start a scheme on registration of waste pickers and

waste dealers.
12. DUTIES OF DISTRICT MAGISTRATE OR
DISTRICT COLLECTOR OR DEPUTY
COMMISSIONER
The District Magistrate or District Collector shall

facilitate identification and allocation of suitable

land as for setting up solid waste processing and
disposal facilities to local authorities

review the performance of local bodies, at least once in

a quarter on waste segregation, processing, treatment and
disposal and take corrective measures in consultation
with the Commissioner or Director of Municipal
Administration or Director of local bodies and secretary-
in-charge of the State Urban Development.
▪ The Secretary–in-charge of
Village Panchayats or 13. Duties of the
Rural Development Secretary–in-
Department in the State and charge of Village
Union territory shall have Panchayats or
the same duties as the Rural
Secretary–in-charge, Urban Development
Development in the States Department in
and Union territories, for the the State and
areas which are covered Union territory
under these rules and are
under their jurisdictions
 14. DUTIES OF
CENTRAL
POLLUTION
CONTROL BOARD
(a) co-ordinate with the State Pollution Control Boards
and the Pollution Control Committees for implementation
of these rules and adherence to the prescribed standards by
local authorities;

(b) formulate the standards for ground water, ambient

air, noise pollution, leachate in respect of all solid waste
processing and disposal facilities;

(c) review environmental standards and norms

prescribed for solid waste processing facilities or
treatment technologies and update them as and when
required;
(d) review through State Pollution Control Boards or
Pollution Control Committees, at least once in a year, the
implementation of prescribed environmental standards for
solid waste processing facilities or treatment technologies
and compile the data monitored by them

(e) review the proposals of State Pollution Control

Boards or Pollution Control Committees on use of any
new technologies for processing, recycling and treatment
of solid waste and prescribe performance standards,
emission norms for the same within 6 months

(f) monitor through State Pollution Control Boards or

Pollution Control Committees the implementation of these
rules by local bodies
(g) prepare an annual report on implementation of these rules on
the basis of reports received from State Pollution Control Boards

(h) publish guidelines for maintaining buffer zone restricting any

residential, commercial or any other construction activity from the
outer boundary of the waste processing and disposal facilities for
different sizes of facilities handling more than five tons per day of
solid waste

(i) publish guidelines, from time to time, on environmental

aspects of processing and disposal of solid waste to enable
local bodies to comply with the provisions of these rules

(j) provide guidance to States or Union territories on inter-

state movement of waste.
 CASE STUDY RELATION TO SECTION 14 OF
FUNCTION (co-ordinate with the State Pollution
Control Boards and the Pollution Control Committees
for implementation of these rules and adherence to the
prescribed standards by local authorities)
Almitra H. Patel vs Union Of
India And Orissa on 15
February, 2000

Petitioner filed that rapid industrial development,

urbanisation and regular flow of persons from rural
to urban areas have made major contribution
towards environmental degradation but at the same
time the authorities entrusted with the work of
pollution control cannot be permitted to sit back
with folded hands on the pretext that they have no
financial or other means to control pollution and
protect the environment. The Court then proceeded
to issue 14 directions in an effort to see that the
capital of the biggest democracy in the world is not
branded as being one of the most polluted cities in
the world.
 15. DUTIES OF
LOCAL BODIES
▪To prepare and execute solid waste
management plan as per state policy
▪Arrange for door to door collection
▪Framing bye-laws, incorporating user fee
▪To establish Material Recovery
Facilities, waste deposition centre for
domestic hazardous waste
▪Not to burn tree leaves collected by
street sweeping
SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
▪Provide training to waste pickers and waste
collectors
▪Provision of PPE to all workers handling solid
waste
▪Phasing out chemical fertilizer in two years and
use of compost in all parks, gardens maintained by
local authority
▪To apply Authorisation under SWM Rules, 2016
to TNPCB for processing waste > 5 MT/day
▪Segregate and transport biodegradable & non-
biodegradable waste to respective processing
facilities.
Municipal Corporation
Of Greater Mumbai vs
K.V. Shramik Sangh
And Orissa on 12
April, 2002

The petitioner filed a

case against the
sweeper who was not
doing his duty in
collection of solid
waste
▪Monitor environmental
standards 16.DUTIES OF
▪Issue of Authorisation under TAMILNADU
the SWM Rules, 2016 & POLLUTION
Consent under Water (P&CP) CONTROL
Act, 1974 BOARD
▪Regulate inter-State
movement of waste
17.DUTIES OF MANUFACTURERS OR
BRAND OWNERS OF DISPOSABLE
PRODUCTS AND SANITARY NAPKINS
AND DIAPERS
All manufacturers of disposable products such as tin, glass, plastics
packaging, etc., or brand owners who introduce such products in the
market shall provide necessary financial assistance to local
authorities for establishment of waste management system.

All such brand owners who sell or market their products in such
packaging material which are non biodegradable shall put in place a
system to collect back the packaging waste generated due to their
production.

Manufacturers or brand owners or marketing companies of sanitary

napkins and diapers shall explore the possibility of using all
recyclable materials in their products or they shall provide a pouch or
wrapper for disposal of each napkin or diapers along with the packet
of their sanitary products.

All such manufacturers, brand owners or marketing companies shall

educate the masses for wrapping and disposal of their products
▪All industrial units using 18. DUTIES OF THE
fuel and located within one INDUSTRIAL
hundred km from a solid UNITS LOCATED
waste based refused derived WITHIN ONE
fuel plant shall make HUNDRED KM
arrangements within six FROM THE
months from the date of REFUSED
notification of these rules to DERIVED FUEL
replace at least five percent AND WASTE TO
of their fuel requirement by ENERGY PLANTS
refused derived fuel so BASED ON SOLID
produced WASTE
 19. CRITERIA FOR DUTIES REGARDING
SETTING-UP SOLID WASTE PROCESSING
AND TREATMENT FACILITY
The department in- charge of the allocation of land
assignment shall be responsible for providing suitable land for
setting up of the solid waste processing and treatment facilities
and notify such sites by the State Government or Union territory
Administration.

The operator of the facility shall design and set up the facility
as per the technical guidelines issued by the Central Pollution
Control Board.

The operator of the facility shall obtain necessary approvals

from the State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control
Committee.
The State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committee
shall monitor the environment standards of the operation of the
solid waste processing and treatment facilities.

The operator of the facility shall be responsible for the safe and
environmentally sound operations of the solid waste processing
and or treatment facilities

The operator of the solid waste processing and treatment facility

shall submit annual report in Form III each year by 30th April
to the State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Committee and
concerned local body.
20. CRITERIA AND ACTIONS TO BE
TAKEN FOR SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN HILLY AREAS
Construction of landfill on the hill shall be
avoided.

A transfer station at a suitable enclosed location

shall be setup to collect residual waste from the
processing facility and inert waste

A suitable land shall be identified in the plain areas

down the hill within 25 kilometers for setting up
sanitary landfill. The residual waste from the
transfer station shall be disposed of at this sanitary
landfill.
In case of non-availability of such land, efforts shall be
made to set up regional sanitary landfill for the inert and
residual waste.

Local body shall frame Bye-laws and prohibit citizen

from littering wastes on the streets and give strict
direction to the tourists not to dispose any waste such as
paper, water bottles, liquor bottles, soft drink canes,
tetra packs, any other plastic or paper waste on the
streets or down the hills and instead direct to deposit
such waste in the litter bins that shall be placed by the
local body at all tourist destinations.
Local body shall arrange to convey the provisions of solid
waste management under the bye-laws to all tourists
visiting the hilly areas at the entry point in the town as well

Local body may levy solid waste management charge

from the tourist at the entry point to make the solid waste
management services sustainable.

The department in- charge of the allocation of land

assignment shall identify and allot suitable space on the hills
for setting up decentralised waste processing facilities.

Local body shall set up such facilities. Step garden system

may be adopted for optimum utilisation of hill space.
21. CRITERIA FOR
WASTE TO ENERGY
PROCESS
Non recyclable waste having calorific value of 1500 K/cal/kg or
more shall not be disposed of on landfills and shall only be utilised
for generating energy either or through refuse derived fuel or by
giving away as feed stock for preparing refuse derived fuel.

High calorific wastes shall be used for co-processing in cement or

thermal power plants.

The local body or an operator of facility proposing to set up waste to

energy plant of more than five tones per day processing capacity
shall submit an application in Form-I to the State Pollution
Control Board or Pollution Control Committee.

The State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committee,

on receiving such application for setting up waste to energy facility,
shall examine the same and grant permission within sixty days
22. TIME FRAME FOR
IMPLEMENTATION
Sl No. Activity Time limit from the date of
notification of rules
1 identification of suitable sites for setting up 1 year
solid waste processing facilities

2 identification of suitable sites for setting up 1 year

common regional sanitary landfill facilities
for suitable clusters of local authorities
under 0.5 million population.

3 procurement of suitable sites for setting up 2 years

solid waste processing facility and sanitary
landfill facilities
2

4 enforcing waste generators to practice 2 years

segregation of bio degradable, recyclable,
combustible, sanitary waste domestic
hazardous and inert solid wastes at source
5 Ensure door to door collection of segregated 2 years
waste and its transportation in covered
vehicles to processing or disposal facilities.

6 ensure separate storage, collection and 2 years

transportation of construction and
demolition wastes

7 setting up solid waste processing facilities by 2 years

all local bodies having 100000 or more
population
8 Setting up solid waste processing facilities by 3 years
local bodies and census towns below 100000
population

9 setting up common or stand alone sanitary 3 years

landfills by or for all local bodies having 0.5
million or more population for the disposal of
only such residual wastes from the processing
facilities as well as untreatable inert wastes as
permitted under the Rules

10 setting up common or regional sanitary landfills 3 years

by all local bodies and census towns under 0.5
million population for the disposal of permitted
waste under the rules

11 bio-remediation or capping of old and 5 years

abandoned dump sites
23. STATE LEVEL
ADVISORY BODY
SI NO DESIGNATION MEMBER
1 Secretary, Department of Urban Chairperson, exofficio
Development or Local self government
department of the State
Chairperson

2 1 representative of Panchayats or Rural Member, ex-officio

development Department not below the
rank of Joint Secretary to State
Government

3 1 representative of Revenue Department of Member,ex-officio

State Government

4 One representative from Ministry of Member,ex-officio

Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Government of India
5 1 representative from Ministry of Urban Member
Development, Government of India

6 1representative from Ministry of Rural Member

Development, Government of India

7 1 representative from the Central Pollution Member

Control Board

8 One representative from the State Pollution Member

Control Board or Pollution Control
Committee
Member

9 One representative from Indian Institute of Member

Technology or National Institute of
Technology
10 Chief town planner of the state MEMBER

11 Three representatives from the local Member

bodies by rotation

12 Two representatives from census towns Member

or urban agglomerations by rotation

13 One representative from reputed Non- Member

Governmental Organisation or Civil
Society working for the waste pickers or
informal recycler or solid waste
management
14 One representative from a member
body representing Industries
at the State or Central level
Member

15 one representative from member

waste recycling industry

16 Two subject experts member

17 Co-opt one representative member

each from agriculture
department, and labour
department of State
Government.
24. ANNUAL
REPORT
The operator of facility shall submit the annual report to the local
body in Form-III on or before the 30th day of April every year.

The local body shall submit its annual report in Form-IV to

SPCB to the Director of Municipal Administration or
Commissioner of Municipal Administration or Officer in -Charge
of Urban local bodies in the state in case of all other local bodies
of state on or before the 30th day of June every year

Each State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control

Committee as the case may be, shall prepare and submit the
consolidated annual report to the Central Pollution Control Board
and Ministry of Urban Development on the implementation of
these rules and action taken against non complying local body by
the 31stday of July of each year in Form-V.
The Central Pollution Control Board shall prepare a
consolidated annual review report on the status of
implementation of these rules by local bodies in the
country and forward the same to the Ministry of Urban
Development and Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change, along with its recommendations before
the 31stday of August each year.

The annual report shall be reviewed by the Ministry of

Environment, Forest and Climate Change during the
meeting of Central Monitoring Committee
▪ In case of an accident at any solid
waste processing or treatment or
disposal facility or landfill site, the
Officer- in- charge of the facility 25. ACCIDENT
shall report to the local body in Form- REPORTING
VI and the local body shall review and
issue instructions if any, to the in-
charge of the facility
▪MINISTRY OF
ENVIRONMENT,FOREST
AND CLIMATE CHANGE
WEBSITE
▪TAMILNADU POLLUTION
CONTROL BOARD
WEBSITE REFERENCES
▪ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
IN INDIA BY
LEELAKRISHNAN
▪INTRODUCTION TO
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
BY SHANTHAKUMAR
▪WIKIPEDIA