1/266 GSSM IPT DWDM Technical Description hiT 7300 R4.

2
Dr. Wolfgang Drews Jan 2008 / Issue 01

Technical Description

SURPASS hiT 7300 R4.30

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The information contained in this document is confidential and the property of Nokia Siemens Networks and is supplied
without liability for errors or omissions. It is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined in
the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for the use of Nokia Siemens Networks
customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the document is submitted, and no part of it may be
used, reproduced, modified or transmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nokia Siemens
Networks. Nokia Siemens Networks welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continuous development
and improvement of the documentation.

This Technical Description is provided as a generic descriptive document only. It does not include any legally binding
statement. The product features, and details thereof, discussed in this Technical Description may include those that
prove to be temporarily or permanently unavailable. Nokia Siemens Networks reserves the right to alter without notice
the specification, design, price or conditions of supply of any product or service.
Nokia Siemens Networks will correct errors in this documentation as soon as possible. IN NO EVENT WILL NOKIA
SIEMENS NETWORKS BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL OR ANY
LOSSES, SUCH AS BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFIT, REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, BUSINESS
OPPORTUNITY OR DATA,THAT MAY ARISE FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION IN IT.
This documentation and the product it describes are considered protected by copyrights and other intellectual property
rights according to the applicable laws.
The wave logo is a trademark of Nokia Siemens Networks Oy. Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation.
Siemens is a registered trademark of Siemens AG.
Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective owners, and they are
mentioned for identification purposes only.
Copyright © Nokia Siemens Networks 2009. All rights reserved. The copyright and the foregoing restrictions on
reproduction and use extend to all media in which the information may be embodied.

History of Changes

Control Date Author Comments

Issue 01 01.2008 Wolfgang Drews First issue for Release 4.2
Issue 02 6.04.2009 Hans Jörg Thiele Update with Release 4.3

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Contents

1. Introduction to Nokia Siemens Networks Flexible DWDM

Systems ................................................................................. 7
1.1 Foreword........................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Optical Networking Product Family................................................................... 8
1.3 hiT 7300 Platform............................................................................................ 11
1.4 Carrier Benefits of hiT7300 ............................................................................. 12
1.5 Evolution towards Optical Transport Network (OTN) Application ................... 15

2. Network Elements and Applications .................................... 18

2.1 hiT 7300 Network Applications and Topologies.............................................. 18
2.2 Network Service Applications ......................................................................... 19
2.3 hiT 7300 Network Element Types................................................................... 21
2.3.1 Feature highlights in R4.3 .............................................................................. 21
2.3.2 ONN – Optical Network Node ........................................................................ 21
2.3.2.1 40-Channel Flexible/FullAccess Terminal and Add/Drop Multiplexer
(OADM)........................................................................................................... 26
2.3.2.2 40-Channel Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (ROADM)............. 33
2.3.2.3 40-channel Small OADM ................................................................................ 39
2.3.2.4 40-Channel Photonic Cross-Connect (PXC)................................................... 41
2.3.2.5 80-Channel Terminal and OADM.................................................................... 45
2.3.2.6 80-Channel Reconfigurable OADM (ROADM)................................................ 49
2.3.2.7 80-Channel Photonic Cross-Connect (PXC)................................................... 51
2.3.2.8 Multi-Degree Direction Separability ................................................................ 54
2.3.2.9 ONN Upgradeability ........................................................................................ 54
2.3.3 OLR – Optical Line Repeater ......................................................................... 56
2.3.4 OLRF (new in R4.3) ....................................................................................... 57
2.3.5 ONNF (flat pack ONN) ................................................................................... 57
2.3.6 SONF – Standalone Optical Node (FlatPack)................................................ 58

3. hiT 7300 Product Description............................................... 59

3.1 Wavelength Plan............................................................................................. 59
3.2 Optical Multiplexing and Switching ................................................................. 63
3.2.1 Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Cards ........................................................ 63
3.2.1.1 F08SB Filter Card ........................................................................................... 65
3.2.1.2 F16SB Filter Cards ......................................................................................... 66
3.2.1.3 F04MDU and F04MDN Filter Cards................................................................ 67
3.2.1.4 F40/S and F40/O Filter Cards......................................................................... 68
3.2.1.5 Multiplexer card F40-2/x ................................................................................. 70
3.2.1.6 F40V/S and F40V/O Filter Cards .................................................................... 70
3.2.1.7 Multiplexer card F40MP-1/x and F40VMP-1/x ................................................ 71
3.2.1.8 FC0x-1 Filter Cards......................................................................................... 72
3.2.1.9 F80MDI Interleaver Card ................................................................................ 72
3.2.1.10 F80DCI Drop Splitter and Interleaver Card..................................................... 74
3.2.2 Wavelength-Selective Switch Cards .............................................................. 76
3.2.2.1 40-Channel Two-Degree Wavelength-Selective Switch (PLC-WSS) ............. 76

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3.2.2.2 40-Channel Multi-Degree Wavelength-Selective Switch (MEMS-WSS)......... 78

3.2.2.3 40 channel ROADM MUX card F02MR-1 ....................................................... 80
3.2.2.4 F09MDRT-1/x Filter Cards.............................................................................. 82
3.2.2.5 F09MR80-1 Filter Cards ................................................................................. 83
3.2.2.6 F09DR80-1 Filter Cards.................................................................................. 84
3.2.2.7 80-Channel Multi-Degree Wavelength-Selective Switch (MEMS-WSS)......... 85
3.2.3 Optical Multiplexing Structures and Applications ........................................... 87
3.2.3.1 Multiplexing Structures for Flexible 40-channel Terminal/OADM ................... 87
3.2.3.2 Flexible OADM Example................................................................................. 94
3.2.3.3 Small OADM Example (20% Add/Drop) ......................................................... 95
3.3 Modular Transponder, Muxponder, Regenerator, and Multi-Service Cards ... 96
3.3.1 2.5G Universal Transponder/Muxponder and Regenerator ......................... 102
3.3.2 10G Transponder and Regenerator ............................................................. 107
3.3.3 Multiplexing 10G Transponder (Muxponder)................................................ 112
3.3.4 10G Multi-Service Add/Drop Muxponder ..................................................... 118
3.3.5 Quadruple 10G transponder I04TQ10G-1 ................................................... 124
3.3.6 40G Transponder and Regenerator ............................................................. 128
3.3.7 40G Multiplexing Transponder (Muxponder)................................................ 131
3.3.8 Carrier Ethernet Switch I22CE10G .............................................................. 135
3.4 Optical Amplifiers .......................................................................................... 140
3.4.1 Optical Amplifier Cards ................................................................................ 140
3.4.1.1 Line Amplifier for Short Span (LASBC)......................................................... 140
3.4.1.2 Line Amplifiers Medium Span (LAMPC, LAMIC) .......................................... 141
3.4.1.3 Line Amplifiers Long Span (LALBC, LALBCH, LALIC, LALPC).................... 142
3.4.1.4 Line Amplifer Long Span for 80 channels (LAV)........................................... 143
3.4.2 Optical Amplifier Card Characteristics ......................................................... 144
3.4.3 Optimum Amplifier Gain Setting and Fast Gain Control............................... 147
3.4.4 Amplifier Output Power Control.................................................................... 147
3.4.5 Amplifier Pump Cards .................................................................................. 147
3.4.5.1 External PUMP Card (PL-1).......................................................................... 147
3.4.5.2 Raman Amplification and Raman Pump Card (PRC-1) ................................ 148
3.5 Booster-less and Amplifier-less Line Interfaces............................................ 151
3.5.1 Line interface LIFB-1, LIFPB-1 .................................................................... 151
3.6 Optical Channel Power Monitoring Card (MCP4xx)...................................... 153
3.7 40G PMD Compensation Card (OPMDC) .................................................... 156
3.8 Optical Safety Mechanisms – APSD/APRM ................................................. 157
3.9 Dispersion Compensation............................................................................. 158
3.9.1 Dispersion Compensation Cards and Modules............................................ 158
3.9.2 Supported Fiber Types ................................................................................ 161
3.10 Variable Optical Attenuator Cards ................................................................ 162
3.11 Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) ............................................................. 164
3.12 Generic Communication Channel (GCC)...................................................... 165
3.13 User Communication Channels .................................................................... 166
3.14 Engineering Order Wire (EOW) .................................................................... 167
3.15 NE Controller Cards...................................................................................... 170
3.16 Flow Sensor Card (CFSU) ............................................................................ 173
3.17 Dispersion Module Management Card (CDMM)........................................... 174

4. hiT 7300 Optical protection ................................................ 176

4.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 176

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4.2 Optical Channel Protection (OChP) .............................................................. 179

4.3 Service Channel Protection .......................................................................... 184
4.4 Client Layer Protection.................................................................................. 189
4.5 Dual protection card O02CSP-1 ................................................................... 191

5. SURPASS hiT 7300 Optical Network Performance

Optimization ....................................................................... 193
5.1 Optical Link Performance Control ................................................................. 193
5.1.1 Optical Pre-Emphasis Control and Management......................................... 196
5.1.2 Optical Tilt Control ....................................................................................... 202

6. hiT 7300 System Design................................................... 203

6.1 Rack Layout .................................................................................................. 204
6.2 Shelf Layout .................................................................................................. 206
6.2.1 hiT 7300 Standard Shelf .............................................................................. 206
6.2.2 hiT 7300 FlatPack Shelf ............................................................................... 210
6.2.2.1 Flat pack variant SFL-2................................................................................. 211
6.2.3 DCM Shelf.................................................................................................... 211
6.3 hiT 7300 Card Overview ............................................................................... 213
6.4 Software Licenses......................................................................................... 223

7. hiT 7300 Automated Network Planning, Commissioning

and Operation .................................................................... 225
7.1 Automated planning and procurement of transmission network ................... 225
7.2 Automated NE installation and commissioning............................................. 227
7.3 Automated Optical Link Turn-Up and Provisioning ....................................... 231
7.4 Automated Network Operation and Maintenance ......................................... 233

8. hiT 7300 Network Management Integration ....................... 236

8.1 The Nokia Siemens Networks TNMS (Transport Network Management
System)......................................................................................................... 236
8.2 hiT 7300 Management Interfaces and Protocols .......................................... 237
8.3 hiT 7300 Data Communication Network (DCN) Integration .......................... 240
8.4 DCN Protocol Stack ...................................................................................... 242
8.5 Multi-Domain DCN ........................................................................................ 244
8.6 Gateway Function (GF) of a GNE................................................................. 245

9. TransNet Network Planning Tool ...................................... 248

9.1 TransNet Benefits ......................................................................................... 248
9.2 Multi-User Operation..................................................................................... 251
9.3 Provisioning with TransConnect ................................................................... 252
9.4 TransMetro Network Planning ...................................................................... 253
9.5 Automated Network Configuration with TransNet......................................... 254
9.6 Released service provisioning ...................................................................... 258

10. List of Standards ................................................................ 260

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10.1 Optical Networking Standards ...................................................................... 260

10.2 Ethernet Standards ....................................................................................... 261
10.3 Environmental Standards.............................................................................. 262
10.4 Electromagnetic Standards........................................................................... 262
10.5 Mechanical Standards .................................................................................. 263

11. Technical Characteristics – System Level ......................... 263

12. References......................................................................... 264

13. Appendices ........................................................................ 264

14. Glossary............................................................................. 265

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1. Introduction to Nokia Siemens Networks Flexible

DWDM Systems
1.1 Foreword

Network Operators are faced with the challenge of building efficient Transport
Networks capable of supported a vast amount of diverse services ranging from
“traditional” 2 Mbit/s based services to “All Optical Circuits” in Gbit/s ranges. However,
at the same time, they have to maintain their competitiveness through network
scalability, growth flexibility, efficiency of utilization, and ease of operations. These
essential network attributes enable carriers to differentiate themselves through fast
service provisioning times, introduction of new and novel services, and scalable quality
of services.

With the emergence of high capacity client data services through packet-switching
technologies (IP/ATM/MPLS) requiring bandwidths in the Gbit/s range today, and high
capacity data services forecasted to require even more bandwidth in the future, the
traditional Transport Networks using SONET/SDH structures have reached their limits
in terms of traffic carrying and processing capacity.

Consequently, in order to respond to the bandwidth demands now being placed on

Transport Networks, and the competitive necessity to introduce more cost effective
transport for ever higher bandwidths, DWDM based technology is utilized. Optical
component technologies have now evolved to an extent where cost effective Metro,
Regional and ULH (Ultra-long Haul) and UHC (Ultra-high Capacity) applications have
become possible, further reducing the cost of transporting units of bandwidth.

In order to address both capacity and bandwidth cost issues, optical technology is now
evolving to address the aspect of next generation networking, network operation and
maintenance. At a time where Network Operators are seeking to maintain their
competitiveness through network scalability, growth flexibility, efficiency of utilization
and ease of operation, OPEX is also becoming a major competitive factor.

To be able to address this multitude of requirements, Nokia Siemens Networks offers a

comprehensive and integrated DWDM Transport Product Portfolio. The Nokia Siemens
Networks portfolio is continuously being enhanced by introducing new features and
functionality, as well as by taking advantage of the very latest technological advances.

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1.2 Optical Networking Product Family

Recognizing and setting transmission networking trends has allowed Nokia Siemens
Networks to remain at the forefront of the Optical Networking evolution. Through a
comprehensive and integrated Product Portfolio supported and managed through the
Nokia Siemens Networks Transport Network Management System (TNMS), Nokia
Siemens Networks offers a complete, integrated and managed Transport Network
Solution to match even the most sophisticated and demanding customer requirements.

hiT 7300

hiT 7070

hiT 7035 hiT 7500

hiT 7080
hiT 7030

hiT 7060

hiT 7025

hiT 7020

Figure 1-1: Nokia Siemens Networks Next Generation Transport Systems

hiT 7300 – Nokia Siemens Networks hiT 7300 is a flexible and cost-efficient
Flexible and cost-
40/80-channel DWDM transport platform that is optimized for high-capacity data efficient multi-haul
transport within multi-haul (long-haul, regional, metro) networks. It is designed DWDM platform
and optimized for bit rates of 2.5 Gb/s, 10 Gb/s, and 40 Gb/s per wavelength optimized for 40
channels, with future
with built-in fixed or reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM, upgrade option to 80
ROADM) and Photonic Cross-Connect (PXC). All types of modern data channels
applications (triple play, leased lines, video on demand) are supported by
various carrier-class transmission services (SDH/SONET, IP, Ethernet,
FiberChannel, VPN, SAN etc.) at various bit rates by one multi-haul DWDM
platform, which can easily grow and adapt to customers demand.

The hiT 7300 transponder platform is also designed for operation of extra long span
DWDM point-to-point connections for submarine or very long terrestrial
applications in combination with a dedicated OEM amplifier system providing high
power amplifiers, Super-Raman amplifiers, and remotely pumped amplifiers (ROPA).

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hiT 7500 - Nokia Siemens Networks hiT 7500 Regional to Ultra Long Haul DWDM High end multi-haul
DWDM platform
solutions address all possible network requirements. hiT 7500 (and higher) is the optimized for 80/160
ultra high performance DWDM system with built-in Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer channels
(OADM, ROADM), extentable to full-blown PXC, which is optimized for a high
number of wavelengths at 10 Gbit/s and 40 Gbit/s. The system is already prepared
for a smooth evolution towards all-optical networking. Please refer to the
corresponding hiT 7500 Technical Description for further information.

OTS-4000 Subsystem - The OTS-4000 product is designed as a standards Proven capability to

transport both 10
compliant solution which is engineered for easy integration with existing 10 Gbit/s Gbit/s and 40 Gbit/s
DWDM systems such as hiT 7300/7500. OTS-4000 40 Gbit/s services on the
transponders/muxponders provide 10 Gb/s and 40Gb/s client interfaces same DWDM
platform
(SDH/SONET, OTH and 10GE LAN PHY), SUPER-FEC and tunable laser covering
the complete C band, also a 40G regenerator card is available. For more information,
please refer to StrataLight OTS-4000 Optical Terminal Subsystem Technical
Description.

ADVA FSP - The FSP is optimized for Metropolitan Area Networks where dynamic Carrier grade all-
provisioning, rate transparency, flexibility and functionality have higher priority over Optical Metropolitan
System
span performance. Please refer to the ADVA FSP Technical Description for further
information.

hiT70xx Series - Nokia Siemens Networks next-generation multi-service

provisioning platform. A single unifying transport platform catered for both voice and
data traffic. It provides a TDM switching fabric at VC4, VC3, and VC12 granularity
up to 320 Gbps and additional packet switching fabrics for Ethernet traffic
aggregation and Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) networks. The multi-service platform
supports plesiochronous (E1, E3/DS3) and synchronous (STM-1/4/16/64) services,
as well as various Ethernet services (10/100BT, GbE, 10GbE) and SAN services
(FICON, Fiber Channel), and provides traffic interfaces to CWDM and DWDM
networks. Refer to the hiT70 Series Technical Descriptions for further information.

Therefore, the Nokia Siemens Networks hiT Product Family is designed to address
each Layer of the Transport Network depending on the required transport and
switching granularity, it also addresses the data traffic requirements with next
generation SDH and next generation multi-service provisioning platform (MSPP).
Figure 1-2 shows the use of the Nokia Siemens Networks Optical Network solution as
the service platform for various data transmission applications.

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TNMS

Transparent optical networks

PXC
Router
Interconnect
Carriers’ Carrier
R-OADM

Core Router
λ - or lower
bit rate services

Residential Carrier‘s ISP Peering

Enterprise Voice and Inter
Fix Part of Mobile Data
Ethernet Net
IP
ISP
BB Internet Access
Local BRAS POP
(virtual) LAN services, TDM NGN
Voice PBX Exchange
Mobile

Figure 1-2: Nokia Siemens Networks Optical Network as Transmission Service

Platform

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1.3 hiT 7300 Platform

hiT 7300 along with its predecessor hiT 7500 realizes the vision of a transparent
optical transmission network. This document provides a technical description for the
hiT 7300 platform. The product features and system functions are constantly evolving
to address customer’s current needs and requirements. For the most up-to-date
information about the product please always refer to latest version of this document.

The key features/applications of hiT 7300 are:

• DWDM transmission systems for up to 40 or 80 DWDM channels with up to

2000 km unregenerated reach at 10 Gbit/s per channel, enabling hut/site
skipping

• Ultra long single-span transmission systems (e.g. for submarine applications)

• Passive DWDM and CWDM as well as passive hybrid DWDM/CWDM

transmission systems for metro networks with up to 45 traffic channels with
embedded management channels

• Flexible and FullAccess Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM) as well as remotely

reconfigurable Add/Drop Multiplexers (ROADM) for 40 and 80 DWDM
channels with capability for 100% traffic add/drop

• Photonic Cross-Connects (PXC) for 40 and 80 DWDM channels for remotely

reconfigurable wavelengths routes over multi-directional nodes in meshed
networks with 100% traffic add/drop capability per direction (R4.2)

• Cost-optimized line amplifier solutions for span distances from metro to ultra
long haul applications (optional amplifier pump and optional counter-directional
(Raman) pump, amplifier-less solutions for regional and metro networks)

• Fully integrated transponder platform for optical channel rates of 2.5G, 10G
and 40G, different transponder variants available for optimum
cost/performance in metro, regional, and long haul network applications,
optional with DWDM or CWDM colored interfaces.

• Multi-Service data aggregation and add/drop function for sub-rates of 10G

optical channels

• Full range of pluggable client interfaces enabling Ethernet (GE, 10GE), Fiber
Channel and FICON (FC-1G, FC-2G, FC-4G), SDH (STM-16/OC-48, STM-
64/OC-192), and OTH (OTU-1, OTU-2, OTU-3) services

• 10G and 40G transponders with tunable laser (full C-band) for fast
provisioning of transparent end-to-end services and reduced spares cost

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• Full G.709 implementation enables standard Optical Transport Network

(OTN) functionality including end-to-end path provisioning and management of
optical paths across multiple vendor sub-networks

• Optical Channel (OCh) protection for 2.5G, 10G, and 40G channels for
carrier-class service reliability by achieving robustness against fiber cuts and
equipment failures within an optical network

• Support of remote NEs as remote Network Nermination (NT) (optionally with

protection) including remote management from network site via GCC0 channel

• Comprehensive automation of network commissioning and service

provisioning by planning tool SURPASS TransNet, supporting all network
applications such as point-to-point transmission, ring and meshed networks and
all network element types such as optical terminal multiplexer, optical line
repeater and optical add/drop multiplexer

• Automation of software upgrades

• Standard ETSI/ANSI rack mounting (collocation applications are enabled)

• Optional flatpack shelf for ETSI, ANSI and 19-inch rack mounting of small NEs
(e.g. remote transponder applications)

• NEBS level 3 compliant

• SNMP and TL-11 management interfaces

• Customized network configuration and operation (customizable default

parameters, commissioning parameters and GUI) with interactive online help
for all network elements (including comprehensive documentation)

1.4 Carrier Benefits of hiT7300

To provide the most economical cost per wavelength over hundreds as well as
thousands of kilometers requires a modular product and an application driven tuning of
the optical system characteristics. Nokia Siemens Networks hiT 7300 and the rest of
the Optical Networking portfolio are designed to push the limits of the ‘Bandwidth x
Distance x Economics’ challenge via real product differentiators.

1
From R4.2 on

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Multi-Reach Transmission System – capable for metro, regio and long haul
transparent optical networks, achieving optimum performance/cost relationship
by offering dedicated DWDM or CWDM solution for each application

Modularity – Up to full capacity, in low channel increments – a proven pay as

you grow approach.

Lower Network Costs – High system performance reduces the number of

costly electrical regenerator sites and optical amplifier sites.

Scalability – Everything in hiT 7300 is scalable, from the optical amplifier

performance (via external pump modules), scalable multiplexer/demultiplexer
concept, to the required number of terminal or add/drop channels. The Network
Management solution is highly scalable too and can be tailored to customer
needs.

Compactness – High equipment density results in the most compact DWDM

solution including all interfaces – one shelf type for all applications.

Simplified Network Design – Reduced amount of equipment and module

variants required reduces support and maintenance costs, achieved via tunable
transponders and pluggable DWDM/CWDM SFP and XFP modules

Sophisticated Optical Control – hiT 7300 employs numerous techniques to

ensure the quality of the end signal; dynamic gain and output power control to
adjust for gain and power fluctuations, End-to-End Pre-emphasis for fine tuning
of channel OSNR and power variations

Fiber Type Flexibility – Suitable for operation with all major fiber types, i.e.
SSMF, NZDSF, MDF, and DSF (even mixed per span). Integrated Dispersion
compensation tailored for each fiber’s requirements.

Advanced Network Planning Tools – The SURPASS TransNet Network

Planning Tool uses best-in-class optical link simulation to determine the right
components for your network in rapid time.

Fast Commissioning – Automated data transfer of TransNet planning files

provides distribution of commissioning parameters to all NEs and eliminates
faults in the commissioning process.

OADM/ROADM/PXC Flexibility – Solutions are tailored according to

customers current and foreseeable traffic requirements at a particular site and
are scalable from 1 to full capacity add/drop channels.

Service Flexibility – wide range of supported interfaces as SDH/SONET,

Gigabit Ethernet and Fiber Channel

Fully Automated Power Optimization – ensures highest optical span and link
performance and channel upgrade survivability

Survivability – against fiber or equipment outages is possible by transponder

cards capable for 1+1 optical protection switching per channel.

Network Management – As with all of the Nokia Siemens Networks Optical

Networking products, hiT 7300 is managed via the Transport Network
Management System (TNMS), using the latest architecture technology for the
most advanced network management solution. For maintenance and small to
medium network purposes each product may also be managed via TNMS CT
(Local & Network Craft Terminal LCT/NCT modes) or Web based LCT.

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Evolution – The hiT 7300 platform is a natural evolution of the Nokia Siemens
Networks hiT 7500 flagship product line. Thus hiT 7300 offers years of built-in
expertise and includes product features that have been field tested and proven
by our customers worldwide.

Carrier Benefits of hiT 7300

hiT 7300 offers customers Nokia Siemens Networks quality at best-in-class cost.

This best-in-class cost position is achieved without compromising the well-known

Nokia Siemens Networks quality. The modular design of hiT 7300, with only one shelf
type, minimizes footprint, simplifies the carrier’s network, and reduces the range of
spare parts that need to be stocked. Furthermore, cost optimization is realized for a
wide range of network scenarios by tailoring the network elements to the required EOL
channel counts (4 to 40 in steps of 4 channels, extension possible up to 80 channels).
Transparent optical networking, including remote configuration in ROADMs, lowers the
cost of electrical regeneration within the network. Automation and customization is
realized by intelligent and future-proof software architecture.

Ease-of-use of a Regional system – with the power of a long haul system

The extensive automation and customization of network handling reduces training and
operational costs, outage times and procedural errors tremendously. It enables easy
and fast remote provisioning of new services, resulting in considerable OPEX savings,
additional revenues and business opportunities. The dispersion-robust link design
enables installation without any prior measurements of fiber parameters and without
any manual optimization steps.

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1.5 Evolution towards Optical Transport Network (OTN)

Application

As network providers continue deploying DWDM technologies, it becomes critical to

manage their evolving fiber optic networks in an efficient, cost effective manner.

The ITU-T standard body has defined the general architecture of the Optical hiT 7300 implements
Transport Network (OTN) in ITU-T G.872, and has defined a layered OCh (Optical
architecture of optical and digital transport signals for OTN by the Optical Channel) according to
Transport Hierarchy (OTH) in the standard ITU-T G.709. The principles of OTN ITU-T G.872/G.709
and OTH gives network operators the basic techniques for building a standard-
conforming transparent optical transmission network together with a complete
network management solution. The OTN’s elementary transport entity is the
Optical Channel (OCh) corresponding to transparent transport capacities of 2.5
Gbit/s, 10Gbit/s, and 40 Gbit/s via individual optical wavelengths.

While the SONET/SDH frame is optimized to carry voice traffic using strictly
defined time division multiplexing (TDM) time slots, the OCh (Optical Channel) as
defined by ITU-T G.709 is able to support virtually any client protocols as its The OCh allows the
digital layers (OTU, ODU) encapsulate the native signal without disrupting the bit- transmission of
different client signal
rate, format or timing. Moreover, flexible adaptation of frame and packet oriented formats with virtually
data services (Ethernet, Fibre Channel, IP) to an optical channel transport any client protocol
capacity is enabled by ITU-T G.7041 “Generic Framing Procedure” (GFP). within the OTN

The OTH architecture also enables a robust realization of network survivability

techniques by its inherent signal monitoring capabilities on optical channel (path)
and transport section layer (see Figure 1-3), which allows various protection schemes
as optical channel trail protection, optical channel subnetwork connection
protection, and optical multiplex section protection.

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Optical Transport Network OTN

OH payload FEC
OH payload FEC
3R 3R
3R
Regenerator
3R Transponder
Transponder
Regenerator
payload payload

SONET/SDH, section section section SONET/SDH,

Ethernet monitoring monitoring monitoring Ethernet

path monitoring
(end-to-end)

Figure 1-3: PM (Path Monitoring) and SM (Section Monitoring) within OTN

Beyond the specifications for OCh including its underlying digital OTN layers, the ITU-T
G.709 outlines also ONNIs (Optical Network Node Interfaces). The ITU-T G.709
identifies ONNI interconnection points as being inter-domain interfaces (IrDI). IrDIs are
the boundaries between different administrative domains within an OTN. The
administrative domains may be that of multiple network providers and/or equipment
vendors.

Intra-domain interfaces (IaDI) are interconnections within a given administrative

domain. Examples of IaDIs could be any interface within a single vendor sub-network
which may or may not extend to include the entire OTN.

The Figure 1-4 illustrates a typical OTN consisting of two different domains. An
example of an IrDI is the optical NNI between Domain 1 and Domain 2 belonging to
e.g. to network provider 1 and network provider 2. At this interconnection, the two
network providers may hand over optical channels. The transponder or multiplexing
transponder serving this purpose is called IrDI transponder or IrDI multiplexing
transponder. Within each domain, the ONNI between the transponder and the
regenerator is defined as IaDI.

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OTN
Domain 1 Domain 2

Multiplexing
Multiplexing IrD Multiplexing Transponder Transponder
Transponder IrD Transponder
Regenerator
3R Regenerator 3R
3R 3R
3R
3R

Client Signals Client Signals

(SONET/SDH, (SONET/SDH,
Ethernet) Domain Domain Ethernet)
Optical Channel Path

Figure 1-4: IrDI and IaDI Interfaces within OTN

Nokia Siemens Networks provides the robust, carrier class features necessary for
management and intelligence within a given network domain (IaDI application).

hiT 7300 implements the concepts of OTN and OTH according to ITU-T G.872 and
G.709, respectively.

For further information on the Nokia Siemens Networks OTH solutions see [1].

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2. Network Elements and Applications

2.1 hiT 7300 Network Applications and Topologies
hiT 7300’s key building blocks include optical line terminals, optical line repeaters
(OLRs), fixed and reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs, ROADMs),
that allow for tailored solutions for any kind of network size and architecture. It offers a
full range of transponders, enabling Ethernet (GE, 10GE), Fibre Channel,
SONET/SDH, and OTH services. Smooth planning and operation is guaranteed by
means of an easy-to-use planning tool and integration into TNMS, Nokia Siemens
Networks’ best-in-class network management system.

The following network topologies can be implemented with the hiT7300:

• transparent point-to-point optical links,

• optical chain networks,

• optical ring networks

• optical meshed networks

hiT7300 NE

• P-t-P ONN-T (Terminal)

OLR (repeater)

• Chain ONN-S/I/R (R)OADM

Client NEs
• Ring
hiT
70xx

SN16000

• Mesh
IP Router

L2 Switch

Figure 2-1: Network Topologies with hiT 7300

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2.2 Network Service Applications

hiT 7300 supports a wide range of data services via its client interfaces on the different
transponder cards thus providing a ubiquitous DWDM revenue-generating platform:

Client Service Interface Bit Rate Standard Remark

STM-4 / OC-12 622.08 Mb/s ITU-T G.707 / ANSI T1.105

STM-16 / OC-48 2.48832 Gb/s ITU-T G.707 / ANSI T1.105

STM-64 / OC-192 9.95328 Gb/s ITU-T G.707 / ANSI T1.105

STM-256 / OC-768 39.81312 Gb/s ITU-T G.707 / ANSI T1.105 (1)

1000Base-X /-T 1.25 Gb/s IEEE 802.3

10GBASE-W (WAN) 9.95328 Gb/s IEEE 802.3ae

10GBASE-R (LAN) 10.3125 Gb/s IEEE 802.3ae

FC/FICON 1G 1.0625 Gb/s ANSI INCITS 352-2002 (2)

FC/FICON 2G 2.125 Gb/s ANSI INCITS 352-2002 (2)

FC 4G 4.25 Gb/s ANSI INCITS 352-2002 (4)

OTU-1 2.666057143 Gb/s ITU-T G.709 (2)

OTU-2 10.709225316 Gb/s ITU-T G.709 (2)

OTU-3 43.018413559 Gb/s ITU-T G.709 (3)

(1) via hiT7300 transponders from R4.25 on (formerly via OTS-4000 transponders)
(2) from R4.1 on
(3) from R4.2 on
(4) from R4.25 on

All of these client interfaces are offered by the respective hiT 7300
transponder/muxponder cards (see Chapter 3.3), which provide mapping/multiplexing
of the data client signals into an optical channel of 2.5Gb/s, 10Gb/s, or 40 Gb/s.

Additional data services (as ESCON) can easily be provided via interconnection with
the appropriate equipment of the hiT70xx product family or ADVA FSP3000.

See Figure 2-2 for the various possibilities of colored interfacing in combination with
hiT 7300, either using hiT 7300 transponder cards or colored interfaces from another
client NE which has been certified for colored interworking with hiT 7300. All of these
interfaces are also supported for network planning by TransNet.

Figure 2-3 shows the different ways of non-colored interfacing to hiT 7300 by
interconnecting client interfaces of hiT 7300 transponder cards with other NEs.

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Juniper
10GE LAN PHY
I01T10G
10GE LAN/WAN PHY
STM64
OTU2
hiT 70xx 10G LH
STM16 I08T10G
OTU1
1..8

GE SL64
I05AD10G
GE
1..4

FC 4G
any-rate1)
Terminal
10G colored
Generic IF (2.5G/10G) (R)OADM

STM4 I04T2G5
STM16
OTU1
2.5G colored
1..4

40G colored
FC 1G/2G
GE
OCR2G5 (OCUc)
I01T40G OTS-4040

STM256
STM16
STM256

OTU2
OTU2

hiT 70xx 2G5

10GE LAN/WAN

10GE LAN/WAN
I04T40G OTS-4011
STM64

STM64
OTU2

OTU2
SL16
1..4
1..4

1) prepared for future

Figure 2-2: Colored Interfacing with hiT 7300

• 1G..4G clients • 10G clients • 40G clients

hiT 7080 STM16 hiT 7080 STM64
hiT 7070 hiT 7070

hiT 7060HC hiT 7060HC

STM16 STM64
hiT 7060
I04T2G5 I01T10G I01T40G
STM256
OTU1 OTU2 OTU2 OTU3
hiT 7050 STM16 STM64
SL64

SL16/SXA 10GE LAN OTS-4040

STM16 I05AD10G STM256
OTU2 10GE WAN OTU2 OTU3

FC 1G/2G

FC 4G OEM STM64
OTU2
I04T40G
GE
OTU3

OEM STM16
I08T10G OTS-4011
OTU1
OTU2 OTU3

Figure 2-3: Non-Colored Interfacing with hiT 7300

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2.3 hiT 7300 Network Element Types

hiT 7300 offers three basic Network Element Types which are:

• ONN – Optical Network Node

• OLR – Optical Line Repeater

• SON – Standalone Optical Node (covered in appendix C)

2.3.1 Feature highlights in R4.3

In release 4.3, new features are introduced in hiT 7300 including new transponders,
filter cards, DTC measures, increased flexibility. The following list provides a brief
overview of the top features

• New DCF and new amplifier LAV

• PXC nodal degree 8

• New 40G DPSK transponder

• Fast and frequent provisioning / switching of services (TNMS for provisioning,

multi-user)

• Cost-optimized 40ch ROADM and tunable ROADM

• 10G transponder with multiple line interfaces

• Multiservice I04TQ10G

• Tunable pluggable transceiver

• Anyrate transponder

• CET: Layer 2 card, I22CE10G

2.3.2 ONN – Optical Network Node

The ONN is a multi-degree optical network node which terminates multiple Optical
Multiplex Sections (OMS) by optical multiplexing/demultiplexing of individual optical
channels/wavelengths. The number of OMS links terminated by an ONN determines
the nodal degree of the ONN.

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An ONN realizes a comprehensive family of optical DWDM network elements for

implementing fixed Optical Terminal nodes as well as fixed or remotely reconfigurable
Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM or ROADM) and Photonic Cross-Connects
(PXC) for multi-degree nodes switching and aggregating traffic from multiple
directions.

While the ROADM already provides remote configurability of optical channel

(wavelength) cross-connections between selected directions of a multi-degree node,
the PXC allows for remote configurability of optical channel (wavelength) cross-
connections between arbitrary node directions, in order to allow fast and flexible
provisioning of wavelength services within meshed optical transport networks.

The following table gives an overview of the possible NE application types with their
specific basic properties:

Properties Small Flexible FullAccess ROADM PXC

OADM OADM OADM

100% add/drop capability

40 channels DWDM line capacity

80 channels DWDM line capacity

Arbitrary choice of routing status per wavelength

Low optical penalty

Multi-degree (n=1..8) nodes with in-service

2
upgradeability (n=1 corresponds to terminal node) (n=1,2) (n=1..6) (n=1..6) (n=1..6) (n=1..8)

End-to-end λ commissioning without visiting

intermediate sites

Drop of arbitrary channels without deploying additional

filters

Lower operation/administration cost through reduced

NE and cabling complexity

Optimized for high channel count

Optimized for low channel count

Pay as you grow concept

Possible ONN Subtype(s) 40ch: 40ch: 40ch: 40ch: 40ch:

ONN-S ONN-T ONN-T ONN-R ONN-X
ONN-I ONN-R ONN-RT
ONN-R2 80ch:
80ch: ONN-X80
ONN-T80 80ch:
ONN-I80 ONN-R80
ONN-RT80

2
n=1..8 for 40ch PXC; n=1..5 for 80ch PXC

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Table 2-1: OADM Types Overview

The ONN subtype characterizes the specific application and optical multiplexing
scheme of an ONN, as described in the following table:

ONN Nodal Application Release

Subtype Degree
(directions)

ONN-T 1 Optical Terminal for 40 channels EOL, using flexible filter 4.0
tree (4-channel granularity for pay-on-growth concept) or 40-
channel AWG filters for full access to all multiplexed channels
at BOL. ONN-T allows for 40-channel line terminal application
with maximum pre-emphasis range by terminating all
channels at the optical layer.

ONN-T80 1 Optical Terminal for 80 channels EOL with 40-channel AWG 4.2
filters for full channel access to 40 or 80 multiplexed channels
at BOL. ONN-T80 allows for 80-channel line terminal
application with maximum pre-emphasis range by terminating
all channels at the optical layer.

ONN-I 1..6 Optical Terminal or OADM for 40 channels EOL per node 4.1
direction, using flexible filter tree (4-channel granularity for
pay-on-growth concept). Direct optical interconnections
between different node directions are possible by single-
channel patch-through or by 4-channel subband patch-
through.

ONN-I80 1…6 Large OADM ONN-I with 80 channels EOL per node direction 4.2
using 40-channel AWG filters for full channel access to 40 or
80 multiplexed channels at BOL. The filters are connected
with an interleaver.

ONN-S 2 Small OADM for 40 channels EOL per node direction, 4.1
providing up to 8 selectable add/drop channels out of 2 4-
channel subbands at each node direction.

ONN-R 1..6 Remotely reconfigurable OADM (ROADM) for 40 channels 4.1

EOL per node direction, using 40-channel AWG filters and
PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) based wavelength selective
switches (PLC-WSS). Direct optical interconnections between
assigned pairs of node directions can be remotely configured
by add/drop switching per single channel wavelength, or by
patch-through interconnections between the remaining node
directions.

ONN-R80 1..2 Remotely reconfigurable OADM (ROADM) for 80 channels 4.2

EOL per node direction, using 40-channel AWG filters for full
channel access to 40 or 80 multiplexed channels at BOL, and
using MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System) based
wavelength selective switches (MEMS-WSS). Direct optical
interconnections between the 2 node directions can be
remotely configured by add/drop switching per single channel
wavelength.

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ONN-X 1..8 Remotely reconfigurable PXC (Photonic Cross-Connect) 4.2

for 40 channels EOL per node direction, using 40-channel
AWG filters for full channel access to 40 multiplexed channels
at BOL, and using MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System)
based wavelength selective switches (MEMS-WSS). Direct
optical interconnections between arbitrary node directions
can be remotely configured by add/drop switching per single
channel wavelength.

ONN-X80 1..5 Remotely reconfigurable PXC (Photonic Cross-Connect) 4.2

for 80 channels EOL per node direction, using 40-channel
AWG filters for full channel access to 40 or 80 multiplexed
channels at BOL, and using MEMS (Micro Electro-
Mechanical System) based wavelength selective switches
(MEMS-WSS). Direct optical interconnections between
arbitrary node directions can be remotely configured by
add/drop switching per single channel wavelength.

ONN-RT 2 Tunable 40 channel ROADM 4.3

for 40 channels EOL per node direction using MEMS (Micro

Electro-Mechanical System) based wavelength selective
switches F09MDRT (MEMS-WSS) for colorless switching of
the dropped channels and a colorless combiner for adding
channels. Each add/drop wavelength is tunable and remotely
configurable

ONN-RT80 2 Tunable 80 channel ROADM 4.3

Same as for the ONN-RT, but 80 channel operation via

interleaver and total of 2x 8ch add/drop with off-set grid card
F09MDRT /O

ONN-R2 2 Cost-optimized ROADM using the F02MR WSS card, 4.3

EOL40

As a WSS, the F02MR card is used in the ONN-R2. With two

of these combined WSS and splitter cards as the core of the
node, it forms a 2 degree ONN with EOL40 capacity. It has
lower express and higher add loss than the typically used
F40MR card.

Table 2-2: ONN Subtypes

The ONN architecture supports Optical Channel Protection (OChP) for all Terminal
and OADM types, see Chapter 4 for details.

Different combinations of booster and pre-amplifier cards, an optional external pump

card and an optional Raman pump card, as well as dispersion tolerant transponder
cards are available for reaching highest performance requirements of optical DWDM
links for different types of fibers; for metro and regional network applications also a
booster-less or even amplifier-less line termination is supported for achieving cost-
optimized network solutions over shorter distances. See Chapter 3.5 for details.

For each optical multiplex section (OMS) and optical transport section (OTS), a fully
automated optical channel power control mechanism is implemented, in order to

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guarantee optimum link performance by an equally distributed OSNR level at each

optical channel’s tail end (see Chapter 5).

The ONN implements power reduction to class 1M (APR) acc. IEC60825-

2:2004+A1:2006 for laser safety on line side and inside the NE with and without
Raman amplifier, see Chapter 3.8 for details. APR does not depend on operability of
the main controller.

An ONN is physically realized as multi-shelf NE, where each NE consists of at least 1

shelf including the NE controller (CCEP/CCMP) and several extension shelves each
including 1 shelf controller (CCSP). The maximum size of a NE is given by:

• For R4.1: up to 15 shelves with up to 200 active cards (e.g. transponder, optical
amplifier, optical switch cards)

• For R4.2: up to 30 shelves with up to 350 active cards (e.g. transponder, optical
amplifier, optical switch cards)

Any extensions of ONN NEs are possible with passive CWDM/DWDM filter packs and
DCM trays (unmanaged or managed (from R4.2 on)).

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2.3.2.1 40-Channel Flexible/FullAccess Terminal and Add/Drop Multiplexer

(OADM)

The basic 40-channel Optical Terminal architecture of nodal degree 1 is shown in the
following figures, consisting of transponder cards (fixed or tunable wavelengths),
optical multiplexer/de-multiplexer cards, optical line amplifier cards with optional
external pump laser card(s) (PL), and with optional Raman pump card (PRC) for
maximum span reach. The optical terminal can be implemented as a Flexible terminal
node (Figure 2-4) or FullAccess terminal node (Figure 2-5), where ‘flexible’ refers to a
scaleable optical multiplexing structure for achieving minimum cost in case of low
channel number at BOL, and ‘fullAccess’ refers to optical multiplexing structure based
an AWG filter technology having all channels already accessible at BOL. For more
details on the optical filters structures see Chapter 3.2.

For compensation of the overall wavelengths-dependent linear transmission distortions

along a DWDM link (caused by amplifier gain slope and ripple, fiber attenuation slope,
filter characteristics, etc.) power pre-emphasis of optical channels is usually applied
at the head end of an optical multiplex section. Power pre-emphasis can simply be
done by using different fixed attenuators at the different transponder line outputs,
attenuation values are calculated during network planning by the planning tool
SURPASS TransNet. Instead of fixed attenuators, Variable Optical Attenuators
(VOAs) can be used for optical channel power pre-emphasis for achieving maximum
optical performance and automated optical link commissioning and control of channel
upgrades; VOAs are either available on specific cards (O08VA, R4.0), or on the F40V
(R4.2) channel multiplexer/demultiplexer card which already has the VOAs integrated
for all 40 channels. Fixed attenuators or VOAs are also used for channel power adjust
at the tail end of an optical multiplex section for tuning the received optical channel
powers to the respective transponder receiver windows.

Optical line amplifier (LAx) cards (booster, pre-amplifier) with multi-stage EDFA
structures are available in optimized versions for short, medium and long span
lengths. Depending on network application and deployed channel number, an optional
external pump card (PL) can be used for the long span booster and pre-amplifier cards
to increase the maximum output power, and an optional Raman pump card (PRC) can
be used for achieving additional gain on a span. For shorter optical span distances in
regional or metro networks, a booster-less line termination is possible by replacing
the optical booster card by a cheap optical line interface card (LIFB, R4.1, Figure 2-6),
or even a complete amplifier-less line termination is possible by replacing both
booster and pre-amplifier cards by a very cheap line interface card (LIFPB, R4.2,
Figure 2-7), which only provides access to the optical supervisory channel (OSC),
thereby achieving a very cost-optimized network solution.

All the necessary Dispersion Compensation Modules (DCMs) are usually connected to
the interstage access ports of optical booster and pre-amplifier cards, respectively.
Various DCMs for different fiber types and span lengths are available as FBG (Fiber-
Bragg Grating) or as DCF (Dispersion Compensation Fiber) type, typically
implemented on DCM cards for direct plugging within the hiT7300 shelf; for specific
fiber types and span lengths there are also specific DCF based modules available for
plugging into separate DCF trays within the rack, which are also managed by the
hiT7300 NE controller.

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An optical channel power monitoring card (MCP4xx) can be optionally connected to the
output monitoring ports of booster and pre-amplifier cards terminating an optical
transport section, which allows for enhanced and automated pre-emphasis
configuration and continuous optical link control for maximum optical performance, and
also provides optical performance monitoring of the optical transport section.

MCP4xx
(optional)
OSA

Figure 2-4: Flexible Terminal Network Element Structure

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MCP4xx
(optional)
OSA
Figure 2-5: FullAccess Terminal Network Element Structure

booster-less Tx line
termination card (LIFB)

OSC
(optional)
MCP4xx
OSA

Pre-Amplifier

Pump DCM
(optional) (optional)
Optical
MUX/DMUX Booster-less line interface

Figure 2-6: Booster-less DWDM line interface

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Figure 2-7: Amplifier-less DWDM line interface

All cards located in one or several shelves of a NE are controlled by the NE and shelf
controller cards, respectively.

As an extension of the 40-channel optical line terminal, the following figures are
showing the typical NE architecture of a 40-channel OADM architecture for the
example of a nodal degree 2 NE. Similar to the 40-channel line terminal, the 40-
channel OADM can be implemented as a Flexible OADM (Figure 2-8) or FullAccess
OADM (Figure 2-9), where ‘flexible’ refers to a scaleable optical multiplexing structure
for achieving minimum cost in case of low channel number at BOL, and ‘fullAccess’
refers to optical multiplexing structure based an AWG filter technology having all
channels already accessible at BOL. For more details on the optical filters structures
see Chapter 3.2.

The 40-channel OADM allows that optical channels can be passed-through between
arbitrary DWDM links of any directions - either as single channels or as 4-channel
subbands (4-channel subbands only in case of flexible banded filter structure) - or can
be added/dropped at each link. As for the line terminal, an optical channel power
monitoring card (MCP4xx) can be optionally connected to the output monitoring ports
of booster and pre-amplifier cards, which allows for enhanced and automated pre-
emphasis configuration and continuous optical link control for maximum optical
performance. As for the line terminal, for regional or metro networks a booster-less

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(Figure 2-6) or even fully amplifier-less line termination (Figure 2-7) is possible at
each line interface of the OADM.

The 40-channel OADM also allows channel power pre-emphasis either by fixed
attenuators or by VOAs at the output of the transponder cards and for pass-through
traffic (channels/subbands) between different directions; in case of a FullAccess
OADM for high number of EOL channel count, instead of combining F40 AWG filters
with several VOA cards, the new F40V (R4.2) card can be used which includes 40ch
AWG multiplexer or demultiplexer together with individual channel VOAs for all 40
channels resulting in a substantial reduction of cost and footprint.

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Flexible OADM (40ch)

(optional) (optional) (optional)

DCM Pump flexible flexible DCM Pump
subband subband
(optional) structure structure

pass-through

Raman

(optional)
MCP4xx
pump Pre-Amplifier Booster

OSA
drop
bidirectional bidirectional

add
MCP4xx
(optional)

cards cards
OSA

Booster Pre-Amplifier Raman

pass-through pump

drop
add
(optional)

Pump DCM Pump DCM

(optional) (optional) Optical Optical
MUX/DMUX VOA cards or MUX/DMUX (optional)
Optical Amplifier, DCM, optional cards cards fixed attenuators cards Optical Amplifier, DCM, optional cards

direction 1 VOA cards or

direction 2
fixed attenuators

Transponder/
Muxponder
2.5G

2.5G

10G

40G

Figure 2-8: Flexible OADM NE Structure (example for nodal degree 2)

FullAccess OADM (40ch)

(optional) (optional) (optional)

DCM Pump AWG AWG DCM Pump
structure structure
also possible as
(optional) single VMUX
card F40V
F40 F40

pass-through

Raman
(optional)
drop

MCP4xx
add

Pre-Amplifier
unidirecional

unidirecional

pump Booster
OSA
cards

cards
MCP4xx
(optional)

OSA

F40 F40
Booster Pre-Amplifier Raman
pass-through pump

also possible as
drop
add

single VMUX
card F40V (optional)

Pump DCM Pump DCM

(optional) (optional) Optical Optical
MUX/DMUX VOA cards or MUX/DMUX (optional)
Optical Amplifier, DCM, optional cards cards fixed attenuators cards Optical Amplifier, DCM, optional cards

direction 1 VOA cards or

direction 2
fixed attenuators
Transponder/
Muxponder
2.5G

2.5G

10G

40G

Figure 2-9: FullAccess OADM NE Structure (example for nodal degree 2)

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The OADM equipment architecture optionally supports a physical Direction

Separability (for nodal degree 2 also referred to as East/West separability) for
limitation of impacts from equipment failures to possible traffic interruption related to
only one DWDM traffic direction, i.e. a failure or removal of a traffic carrying card
affects at most the add/drop traffic at the related failed direction and the traffic passing
through the related failed direction, see 2.3.2.8 for more details.

Due to the highly scalable ONN architecture, terminal nodes and OADM node types
can be realized with lowest begin-of-life (BOL) cost for low BOL channel numbers and
can be seamlessly upgraded to 40 channels end-of-life (BOL) depending on the
network operators’ traffic demands.

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2.3.2.2 40-Channel Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (ROADM)

The 40-channel Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (ROADM) combines the

functions of optical channel multiplexing/de-multiplexing and optical channel
(wavelengths) switching to a very compact solution of a reconfigurable add/drop
multiplexer with 100% access to all 40 optical channels on a DWDM line interface.
Optical transport networks with ROADM nodes allow for dynamic wavelengths
provisioning across a DWDM network, which allows a network operator to satisfy
changing customer traffic demands without manual equipment installation changes
(cabling, cards) at intermediate locations by local field service personnel (Opex
reduction). Moreover, the ROADM allows for a simplified optical cabling compared to a
fixed OADM, due to the greatly reduced number of optical patch cords for pass-through
traffic between different line directions and thereby avoids any danger of erroneous
fiber misconnections in case of manual installation changes.

The 40-channel ROADM architecture is shown in Figure 2-10 for the example of a
nodal degree 2 NE. For each DWDM line direction, the basic building block is the
F40MR card with a 40-channel wavelength selective switch (WSS) unit based on
planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology. In transmit direction of the DWDM line, the
F40MR realizes a reconfigurable optical switch matrix with low insertion loss for each
individual wavelength, where it selects between 40 input optical channels received
from the opposite DWDM line port and 40 wavelength selective local channels. In Rx
direction from the DWDM line, a passive optical splitter forwards the received line
signal to both pass-though traffic and drop traffic output ports, where drop traffic is
further de-multiplexed into individual channels by the F40(V) demultiplexer card. For
the counter-directional line traffic, another combination of F40MR and F40(V) cards
performs the analog channel switching and de-multiplexing functions. Pass-through
traffic between 2 line directions is forwarded by direct DWDM interconnections
between the corresponding F40MR cards and thus realized by only 2 optical patch
cords.

For each line interface of a ROADM, an optical booster and an optical pre-amplifier
(optimized versions for short, medium and long span lengths) with optional external
pump laser card (PL) and with optional Raman pump laser card (PRC) for maximum
span reach can be used. For shorter optical span distances in regional or metro
networks, a booster-less line termination is possible by replacing the optical booster
card by a cheap optical line interface card (LIFB, R4.1, Figure 2-6), or even a complete
amplifier-less line termination is possible by replacing both booster and pre-amplifier
cards by a very cheap line interface card (LIFPB, R4.2, Figure 2-7), which only
provides access to the optical supervisory channel (OSC), thereby achieving a very
cost-optimized network solution.

All the necessary Dispersion Compensation cards (DCM) are usually connected to the
interstage access ports of optical booster and pre-amplifier cards, respectively. Various
DCM cards for different fiber types and span lengths are available for direct plugging
within the hiT7300 shelf; for specific fiber types there are also specific dispersion
compensation modules available for plugging into separate DCF trays in the rack,
which are also managed by the hiT7300 NE controller.

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As the ROADM always terminates the optical multiplex sections at each DWDM line
interface, power pre-emphasis of optical channels is usually applied at the head end of
each optical multiplex section for reaching optimum performance. Since the F40MR
card already provides integrated VOAs for all 40 channels, no separate fixed
attenuators or VOA cards (O08VA) are required for pre-emphasis of any added or
through-passing channels. For dropped channels, any necessary power adjust can be
achieved either by fixed attenuators or VOA cards, where VOA cards can generally be
avoided by using the F40V (R4.2) as demultiplexer card, which already has the VOAs
integrated for all 40 channels thereby leading to substantial savings of equipment cost
and space in case of higher number of dropped channels.

An optical channel power monitoring card (MCP4xx) can be optionally connected to the
output monitoring ports of booster and pre-amplifier cards terminating an optical
transport section. In contrast to the 40ch OADM, an MCP4xx card is not generally
needed for enhanced and automated pre-emphasis control to achieve maximum
optical performance, since the F40MR card already provides the necessary channel
power monitoring function; only for reaching EOL channel count the MCP4xx may be
needed depending on channel wavelengths distribution and available OSNR margins.

Similar to the fixed OADM, the ROADM equipment architecture optionally supports a
physical Direction Separability (for nodal degree 2 also referred to as East/West
separability) for limitation of impacts from equipment failures to possible traffic
interruption related to only one DWDM traffic direction (see 2.3.2.8).

A ROADM of nodal degree 3 is shown in Figure 2-11; in this case the 3rd line direction
is not realized by the F40MR switch card but by fixed 40-channel filter cards F40(V)
providing full access to all optical channels of direction 3, assuming that direction 3
corresponds to a stub line without need for dynamic channel switching. Of course, a
combination of F40MR and F40(V) could also be used for direction 3.

A ROADM of nodal degree 4 with a full symmetrical core structure using F40MR switch
cards for each direction is shown in Figure 2-12, allowing dynamic switchable pass-
though traffic between directions 1-2 and 3-4, respectively, where the corresponding
DWDM pass-though traffic port need only be interconnected by a pair of optical fibers
resulting in a rather simple fiber interconnection arrangement. Optical channels from all
line directions can be interconnected by preparing the necessary fiber interconnections
between local add and drop ports and using them for dynamic or fixed optical channel
cross-connections.

Alternatively, a ROADM of nodal degree 4 with a non-symmetrical core structure is

shown in Figure 2-13, which can be preferably used in applications where dynamic
switchable express traffic is only needed between directions 1-2.

ROADM structures for up to nodal degree 6 can be composed in analogous way as

shown by these examples.

NOTE: From R4.2 on, a 40ch ROADM of degree >2 can alternatively be realized as
40ch Photonic Cross-Connect (PXC) which results in additional flexibility of wavelength
switching, see Chapter 2.3.2.3.

All ROADM NEs support optical ring interconnections without regeneration (3R).

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(optional)
MCP4xx
OSA

MCP4xx
(optional)
OSA
Transponder/
Muxponder
2.5G

2.5G

10G

40G

Figure 2-10: 40ch ROADM NE Structure (nodal degree 2)

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ROADM (40ch)
(degree 3)

Optical local
MUX/DMUX/ROADM drop Optical Amplifier, DCM, optional cards
cards (optional)
(optional) (optional)
Pump DCM ... Pump DCM
local
add (optional)
F40(V)

pass-through
i traffic
Raman
Booster Pre-Amplifier pump

F40MR F40MR
Raman Pre-Amplifier Booster
pump
pass-through i
traffic

(optional) F40(V) local

add
DCM Pump DCM Pump
...
(optional) (optional)
(optional)
Optical Amplifier, DCM, optional cards

local local
add drop Direction 2
Direction 1 VOA cards /
local fixed atten.
drop (not in case
of F40V)

... ...

F40(V) F40

OSA
MCP4xx
(optional)

Figure 2-11: 40ch ROADM NE Structure (nodal degree 3)

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Direction 4

ROADM (40ch) line

(degree 4) amplifier

F40
local local

F40MR
drop add

i
...
local
drop

...

DWDM traffic
pass-through
local
add
F40

pass-through
DWDM traffic
Direction 1

Direction 2
i

line line
amplifier F40MR F40MR amplifier

pass-through i
DWDM traffic
DWDM traffic
pass-through

F40 local
add
...

local
drop
F40MR

...
i

local local
F40

add drop

line
amplifier

Direction 3

Figure 2-12: 40ch ROADM NE Structure (nodal degree 4, all PLC-WSS)

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Direction 4

ROADM (40ch) line

(degree 4) amplifier

F40 F40(V)

... ...
local local
drop add local
drop

...
local
add
F40

pass-through
DWDM traffic
Direction 1

Direction 2
i
pass-through

pass-through
channels

line channels line

amplifier F40MR F40MR amplifier

pass-through i
DWDM traffic

F40 local
add
...

local
drop
local local
add drop
... ...

F40(V) F40

line
amplifier

Direction 3

Figure 2-13: 40ch ROADM NE Structure (nodal degree 4, mixed AWG/AWG and
AWG/PLC-WSS)

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2.3.2.3 40-channel Small OADM

The 40-channel Small OADM is a cost-optimized fixed OADM of nodal degree 2 for
network applications with only a small number of add/drop channels at intermediate
stations, where up to 8 channels out of two 4-channel subbands can be added/dropped
from each of the 2 line directions, see Figure 2-14. The Small OADM is derived from
the Flexible OADM by only using a partial optical multiplexing/de-multiplexing scheme
for the channels to be locally accessed, while all other optical channels are
automatically passed-through as express traffic.

For each line interface of the Small OADM, optical booster and pre-amplifier,
dispersion compensation cards, optional pump cards (Raman card (PRC) and
additional external pump laser card (PL) for the booster) can be combined in the same
way as described for the Flexible and FullAccess OADM. For regional or metro
networks a booster-less (Figure 2-6) or even fully amplifier-less line termination
(Figure 2-7) is possible at each line interface of the small OADM.

In contrast to an OADM with full termination of all multiplex sections, the small OADM
does not perform power pre-emphasis for all optical channels since express channels
cannot be individually accessed, therefore only a power level adjustment of added
channels to the power of the express channels is done for overall channel power
optimization. Power adjustment for added channels is done by fixed attenuators or
VOAs on O08VA cards. From R4.2 on also the MCP4xx channel power monitoring
card is supported within the Small OADM, which is used for automatic power adjust of
added channels in combinations with VOAs. Fixed attenuators or VOAs are also used
for channel power adjust of dropped channels for tuning the received optical channel
powers to the respective transponder receiver windows.

See Chapter 3.2.3.3 for more details of the respective optical multiplexing structures.

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(optional)
MCP4xx
OSA

MCP4xx
(optional)
OSA
Attenuator
Optical

cards
Transponder/
Muxponder
2.5G

2.5G

10G

40G

Figure 2-14: Small OADM NE Structure

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2.3.2.4 40-Channel Photonic Cross-Connect (PXC)

The 40-channel Photonic Cross-Connect (PXC) is an advanced multi-degree network

element (R4.2) designed for emerging requirements of network operators for building
fully flexible and highly meshed transparent layer-1 networks, capable for fast
wavelengths provisioning and re-routing in case of changing traffic demands without
manual equipment installation changes (cabling, cards) at intermediate locations by
local field service personnel (Opex reduction). The 40-channel PXC is capable for
operation as a switching node of nodal degree 8 (up to degree 5 supported in R4.2)
and is thereby well prepared for supporting highly meshed metro core and regional
network topologies, also allowing for creation of optical path redundancies for path
restoration in meshed networks. Like the ROADM, the PXC also allows for a simplified
optical cabling compared to a fixed OADM, due to the greatly reduced number of
optical patch cords for pass-through traffic between different line directions and thereby
avoids any danger of erroneous fiber misconnections in case of manual installation
changes.

The 40-channel PXC architecture is shown in Figure 2-15 for the example of a nodal
degree 2 NE. For each DWDM line direction, the basic building block is the optical
channel switching matrix on the F08MR card using a 40-channel wavelength selective
switch (WSS) unit based on MEMS technology. In transmit direction of the DWDM line,
the F08MR realizes a reconfigurable optical switch matrix with low insertion loss for
each individual wavelength, where it selects per wavelength between 40 input optical
channels received from any other DWDM line port (in shown case of degree 2 there is
only the opposite line port) and 40 multiplexed wavelengths of local incoming channels.
In Rx direction from the DWDM line, a passive optical splitter forwards the received line
signal to both pass-though traffic and drop traffic output ports, where drop traffic is
further de-multiplexed into individual channels by the F40V AWG demultiplexer card.
For the counter-directional line traffic, another combination of F06MR and F40V cards
performs the analog channel switching and de-multiplexing functions. Pass-through
traffic between 2 line directions is forwarded by direct DWDM interconnections
between the corresponding F06MR cards and thus realized by only 2 optical patch
cords.

For each line interface of a PXC, an optical booster and an optical pre-amplifier with
optional external pump laser card (PL) and with optional Raman pump laser card
(PRC) for maximum span reach can be used. For shorter optical span distances in
regional or metro networks, a booster-less line termination is possible by replacing
the optical booster card by a cheap optical line interface card (LIFB, Figure 2-6), which
only provides access to the optical supervisory channel (OSC), thereby achieving a
very cost-optimized network solution.

All the necessary Dispersion Compensation cards (DCM) are usually connected to the
interstage access ports of optical booster and pre-amplifier cards, respectively. Various
DCM cards for different fiber types and span lengths are available for direct plugging
within the hiT7300 shelf; for specific fiber types there are also specific dispersion
compensation modules available for plugging into separate DCF trays in the rack,
which are also managed by the hiT7300 NE controller.

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As the PXC always terminates the optical multiplex sections at each DWDM line
interface, power pre-emphasis of optical channels is usually applied at the head end of
each optical multiplex section for reaching optimum performance. Since the F08MR
card already provides tunable attenuation for all 40 channels, no separate fixed
attenuators or VOA cards (O08VA) are required for pre-emphasis of any added or
through-passing channels. For dropped channels, any necessary power adjust is
achieved by the F40V (R4.2) demultiplexer card, which already has the VOAs
integrated for all 40 channels thereby leading to substantial savings of equipment cost
and space in case of higher number of dropped channels.

An optical channel power monitoring card (MCP4xx) is always used at the output
monitoring ports of booster and pre-amplifier cards terminating an optical transport
section, which allows automated optical channel power management for optimum
performance.

Like the OADM/ROADM, the PXC equipment architecture optionally supports a

physical Direction Separability (for nodal degree 2 also referred to as East/West
separability) for limitation of impacts from equipment failures to possible traffic
interruption related to only one DWDM traffic direction (see 2.3.2.8).
MCP4xx
OSA

MCP4xx
OSA
Transponder/
Muxponder
2.5G

2.5G

10G

40G

Figure 2-15: 40ch PXC NE Structure (example of nodal degree 2)

A 40-channel PXC of nodal degree 4 using F08MR switching cards for each direction
is shown in Figure 2-16, allowing switchable pass-though traffic between any line
directions, where the respective DWDM pass-though traffic ports need only be
interconnected by pairs of optical fibers resulting in a rather simple fiber

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interconnection arrangement. PXC structures for up to nodal degree 8 can be

composed in analogous way as shown by these examples.

All PXC NEs support optical ring interconnections without regeneration (3R).

(direction 4)
amplifier
PXC (40ch, degree 4)

line
F40V

local add
local drop

F08MR
...

...
WSS

F40
1:7

local add local drop

... ...
pass-through

F40 F40V
traffic

line WSS 1:7 line

amplifier pass-through pass-through amplifier
F08MR traffic traffic F08MR
(direction 1) (direction 2)
1:7
WSS
pass-through
traffic

F40V F40

... ...

local drop local add

1:7
F08MR

local drop
WSS
local add

...

...
F40V
F40

(direction 3)
amplifier
line

Figure 2-16: 40ch PXC NE Structure (example of nodal degree 4)

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Another network application for a PXC in combination with a DWDM line terminal is a
non-directional terminal, shown in Figure 2-17. The PXC NE can be locally
interconnected within the office with a line terminal (nodal degree 1) via a short
(booster-less or even amplifier-less) DWDM link, in which case no local add/drop filter
cards are used within the PXC for any local add/drop traffic. All optical channels
terminated by the line terminal are switched within the PXC to either East or West line
directions, thereby creating a terminal application with 2 (or more) DWDM lines with a
directional switching capability, which can easily by used for applications as fast
network protection or network restoration.

Figure 2-17: Non-directional terminal application

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2.3.2.5 80-Channel Terminal and OADM

Beginning with release R4.2 the SURPASS hiT7300 platform also supports 80-channel
DWDM networks based on 50 GHz spaced DWDM transmission.

Optical multiplexing/demultiplexing for 80 channels is performed by combining 2

frequency-interleaved subsets of 40 channels each using 100 GHz frequency spacing
in a standard frequency grid (192.1 +n*100 GHz) and an offset frequency grid (192.05
+n*100 GHz), respectively. All channels within the 40-channel standard frequency grid
are also supported by the 40-channel NE types, where the 40-channel offset frequency
grid is only supported by the 80-channel NE types. See also the wavelength plan in
Chapter 3.1.

All 80-channel NE types can start with channel deployment at BOL in either of the two
40-channel frequency sets and later upgrade to the other 40-channel frequency set for
reaching the maximum capacity of 80 channels

Within a hiT 7300 DWDM network, 40-channel DWDM sub-networks and 80-channel
DWDM sub-networks can be mixed without regeneration, thus allowing flexible and
cost-effective network structures by installing only the infra-structure for the necessary
traffic demand within a sub-network.

The basic 80-channel Optical Terminal architecture of nodal degree 1 is shown in

Figure 2-18 consisting of transponder cards (fixed or tunable wavelengths), optical
multiplexer/de-multiplexer cards, optical line amplifier cards with optional external
pump laser card(s) (PL), and with optional Raman pump card (PRC) for maximum
span reach. Optical multiplexing/de-multiplexing is performed using AWG filter
technology by the F40(V)/S (standard frequency grid) and F40(V)/O (offset frequency
grid) multiplexer cards for each 40-channel frequency band, where the two frequency
bands are composed/decomposed by the F80MDI optical channel interleaver card.

For compensation of the overall wavelengths-dependent linear transmission distortions

along a DWDM link (caused by amplifier gain slope and ripple, fiber attenuation slope,
filter characteristics, etc.) power pre-emphasis of optical channels is usually applied
at the head end of an optical multiplex section. Power pre-emphasis can simply be
done by using different fixed attenuators at the different transponder line outputs,
attenuation values are calculated during network planning by the planning tool
SURPASS TransNet. Instead of fixed attenuators, Variable Optical Attenuators
(VOAs) can be used for optical channel power pre-emphasis for achieving maximum
optical performance and automated optical link commissioning and control of channel
upgrades; VOAs are either available on specific cards (O08VA), or on the F40V
channel multiplexer/demultiplexer card which already has the VOAs integrated for all
40 channels. Fixed attenuators or VOAs (either on O08VA cards or integrated on F40V
demultiplexer cards) can also be used for power adjust of dropped channels at the tail
end of an optical multiplex section, in order to adapt the received optical channel power
levels to the respective transponder receiver windows.

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For 80-channel hiT 7300 NEs, the same optical line amplifier (LAx) cards (booster, pre-
amplifier) as for the 40-channel NEs are available for different span length applications.

All the necessary dispersion compensation modules (DCM cards) are usually
connected to the interstage access ports of optical booster and pre-amplifier cards,
respectively. For 80-channel DWDM transmission lines, DCF (Dispersion
Compensation Fiber) based modules must be used which are typically implemented on
DCM cards for direct plugging within the hiT7300 shelf; for specific fiber types and
span lengths there are also specific DCF based modules available for plugging into
separate DCF trays within the rack, which are also managed by the hiT7300 NE
controller.

An optical channel power monitoring card (MCP4) can be optionally connected to the
output monitoring ports of booster and pre-amplifier cards terminating an optical
transport section, which allows for enhanced and automated pre-emphasis
configuration and continuous optical link control for maximum optical performance, and
also provides optical performance monitoring of the optical transport section.

All cards located in one or several shelves of a NE are controlled by the NE and shelf
controller cards, respectively.

Terminal (80ch)

AWG Optical Amplifier, DCM, optional cards

structure (optional) (optional)
combined DCM Pump
VOA+MUX F40(V)/O
2.5G function on
F40V cards

2.5G
F40(V)/S

Booster
10G
(optional)
F80MDI

MCP4xx
OSA

combined
VOA+MUX F40(V)/O
function on
F40V cards

Pre-Amplifier Raman
pump
F40(V)/S
40G

(optional)

Transponder/ VOA cards or Pump DCM

MUX/DMUX Interleaver
Muxponder fixed attenuators cards card (optional)

Figure 2-18: 80ch Terminal NE Structure

As an extension of the 80-channel optical line terminal, the following Figure 2-19 is
showing the typical NE architecture of a 80-channel OADM architecture for the
example of a nodal degree 2 NE.
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drop
add

(optional)
F80MDI

F80MDI
MCP4xx
(optional)

MCP4xx
OSA
OSA

drop
add

Transponder/
Muxponder
2.5G

2.5G

10G

40G

Figure 2-19: 80ch OADM NE Structure (degree 2 example)

The 80-channel OADM allows that optical channels can be passed-through between
arbitrary DWDM links of any directions, alternatively an arbitrary fraction or all channels
can be added/dropped at each link.

Like the line terminal the 80-channel OADM allows optical channel power pre-
emphasis either by fixed attenuators or VOAs, where VOAs are available on O08VA
cards or as integrated components on the F40V multiplexer cards; also the optical
channel power monitoring card (MCP4-1) can be optionally connected to the output
monitoring ports of booster and pre-amplifier cards, which allows for enhanced and
automated pre-emphasis configuration and continuous optical link control for achieving
maximum optical performance. Fixed attenuators or VOAs are also used for channel
power adjust at the tail end of an optical multiplex section for tuning the received
optical channel power levels to the respective transponder receiver windows.

The 80-channel OADM equipment architecture optionally supports a physical

Direction Separability (for nodal degree 2 also referred to as East/West separability)
for limitation of impacts from equipment failures to possible traffic interruption related to
only one DWDM traffic direction, i.e. a failure or removal of a traffic carrying card
affects at most the add/drop traffic at the related failed direction and the traffic passing
through the related failed direction, see 2.3.2.8 for more details.

Due to the highly scalable ONN architecture, terminal nodes and OADM node types
can be realized with lowest begin-of-life (BOL) cost for low BOL channel numbers and
can be seamlessly upgraded to 80 channels end-of-life (BOL) depending on the
network operators’ traffic demands.

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2.3.2.6 80-Channel Reconfigurable OADM (ROADM)

The 80-channel Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (ROADM) (R4.2)

combines the functions of optical channel multiplexing/de-multiplexing and optical
channel (wavelengths) switching to a very compact solution of a reconfigurable
add/drop multiplexer with 100% access to all 80 optical channels on a DWDM line
interface. Optical transport networks with ROADM nodes allow for dynamic
wavelengths provisioning across a DWDM network, which allows a network operator to
satisfy changing customer traffic demands without manual equipment installation
changes (cabling, cards) at intermediate locations by local field service personnel
(Opex reduction). Moreover, the ROADM allows for a simplified optical cabling
compared to a fixed OADM, due to the greatly reduced number of optical patch cords
for pass-through traffic between different line directions and thereby avoids any danger
of erroneous fiber misconnections in case of manual installation changes.

The 80-channel ROADM architecture is shown in Figure 2-20, which is limited to nodal
degree 2, since higher nodal degree of a wavelength switching node is more efficiently
supported by the 80-channel PXC (see 2.3.2.7). For each DWDM line direction, the
basic building block is the F06MR80 card containing a 80-channel wavelength
selective switch (WSS) unit based on MEMS technology for dynamic wavelength
switching. In transmit direction of the DWDM line, the F06MR80 realizes a
reconfigurable optical switch matrix with low insertion loss for each individual
wavelength, where it selects between 80 optical input channels received from the
opposite DWDM line port and 80 local channels multiplexed within two 40-channel
groups with 100GHz spacing in standard and offset frequency grid, respectively. In Rx
direction from the DWDM line, a passive optical splitter on the F80DCI card forwards
the received line signal to both a pass-through traffic port and a 80-channel on-board
interleaver for the drop traffic, which divides the 80-channel DWDM line signal into 2
groups of 40-channels with 100GHz spacing in standard and offset frequency grid;
each group of 40 channels is further demultiplexed by two F40(V) demultiplexer cards
into the individual channels. For the counter-directional line traffic, another combination
of F06MR80 and F80DCI cards with subsequent F40(V) demultiplexer cards performs
the analog channel switching and de-multiplexing functions. Pass-through traffic
between 2 line directions is forwarded by direct DWDM interconnections between the
corresponding F06MR80 and F80DCI cards and thus realized by only 2 optical patch
cords.

The 80-channel ROADM allows that optical channels can be switched for either
passed-through between the two DWDM links, or for adding/dropping an arbitrary
fraction of all channels at each link.

The 80-channel ROADM performs optical channel power pre-emphasis at the head
end of an optical multiplex section for each direction using variable optical attenuators
which are already integrated on the WSS units of F06MR80 cards, so no extra VOAs
or fixed attenuators are necessary and F40 multiplexer filters (w/o VOAs) are sufficient.
Power adjust of dropped channels at the tail end of an optical multiplex section is
provided by the F40V demultiplexer cards with integrated VOAs, in order to adapt the
received optical channel power levels to the respective transponder receiver windows.

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One optical channel power monitoring card MCP4 is always used for output monitoring
ports of booster and pre-amplifier cards for both directions, which allows for enhanced
and automated pre-emphasis configuration and continuous optical link control for
achieving maximum optical performance, and also allows for automatic control of
power levels for any dropped channel.

The 80-channel ROADM equipment architecture optionally supports a physical

Direction Separability (for nodal degree 2 also referred to as East/West separability)
for limitation of impacts from equipment failures to possible traffic interruption related to
only one DWDM traffic direction, i.e. a failure or removal of a traffic carrying card
affects at most the add/drop traffic at the related failed direction and the traffic passing
through the related failed direction, see 2.3.2.8 for more details.
F40V/O

F40V/S

F40/O
F40/S
F80DCI
MCP4xx

MCP4xx
OSA

OSA
F80DCI
F40/S
F40/O

F40V/S

F40V/O
Transponder/
Muxponder
2.5G

2.5G

10G

40G

Figure 2-20: 80ch ROADM NE Structure (nodal degree 2)

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2.3.2.7 80-Channel Photonic Cross-Connect (PXC)

The 80-channel Photonic Cross-Connect (PXC) is an advanced multi-degree network

element (R4.2) designed for emerging requirements of network operators for building
fully flexible and highly meshed transparent layer-1 networks, capable for fast
wavelengths provisioning and re-routing in case of changing traffic demands without
manual equipment installation changes (cabling, cards) at intermediate locations by
local field service personnel (Opex reduction). The 80-channel PXC is capable for
operation as a switching node of nodal degree 5 and is thereby well prepared for
supporting meshed regional and long haul network topologies, also allowing for
creation of optical path redundancies for path restoration in meshed networks. Like the
ROADM, the PXC also allows for a simplified optical cabling compared to a fixed
OADM, due to the greatly reduced number of optical patch cords for pass-through
traffic between different line directions and thereby avoids any danger of erroneous
fiber misconnections in case of manual installation changes.

The 40-channel PXC architecture is shown in Figure 2-21 for the example of a nodal
degree 2 NE. The NE core is built by 80-channel MEMS based wavelength selective
switches (WSS) implemented on F06MR80 and F06DR80 cards for optical channel
switching in multiplexing (Tx) and demultiplexing (Rx) direction at each line interface,
respectively, thereby forming a double-WSS structure.

The traffic to be locally dropped from a DWDM line I/F is divided by the WSS of the
related F06DR80 card into 2 groups of 40 channels with 100GHz spacing using
standard frequency grid (192.1 +n*100 GHz) and offset frequency grid (192.05 +n*100
GHz), respectively; each 40-channel drop group is amplified by a low-cost LASB
amplifier before further demultiplexing into individual drop channels by the respective
F40 demultiplexer card.

The traffic to be locally added to a DWDM line I/F is first multiplexed into 2 groups of
40 channels with 100GHz spacing using standard frequency grid and offset frequency
grid by the respective F40 multiplexer card; each 40-channel add group is further
aggregated by the WSS of the related F06MR80 card, which also performs optical
channel switching between local add channels and pass-through channels from any
other DWDM line interface(s) of other direction(s).

Pass-through traffic between any line directions is forwarded by direct DWDM

interconnections between corresponding F06DR80 and F06MR80 cards and thus
realized by only 2*(d-1) optical patch cords for a PXC of nodal degree d.

The 80-channel PXC performs optical channel power pre-emphasis at the head end of
an optical multiplex section for each direction using variable optical attenuators which
are already integrated on the WSS units on the F06MR80 card, so no extra VOAs or
fixed attenuators are necessary and F40 multiplexer filters (w/o VOAs) are sufficient.
Power adjust of dropped channels at the tail end of an optical multiplex section is
provided by the WSS unit in the F06DR80 card, therefore no extra VOAs of fixed
attenuators are necessary and F40 demultiplexer filters (w/o VOAs) are sufficient
either.

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One optical channel power monitoring card MCP4 is always used for output monitoring
ports of booster and pre-amplifier cards for each direction, which allows for enhanced
and automated pre-emphasis configuration and continuous optical link control for
achieving maximum optical performance, and also allows for automatic control of
power levels for any dropped channel. Moreover, the MCP4 card is used for optical
channel power monitoring at the output of the LASB drop amplifiers, so overall one
MCP4 card is used per nodal degree of an 80-channel PXC. The LAVP output power
in this application is up to 23.5dBm.

The 80-channel PXC equipment architecture optionally supports a physical Direction

Separability (for nodal degree 2 also referred to as East/West separability) for
limitation of impacts from equipment failures to possible traffic interruption related to
only one DWDM traffic direction, i.e. a failure or removal of a traffic carrying card
affects at most the add/drop traffic at the related failed direction and the traffic passing
through the related failed direction, see 2.3.2.8 for more details.
F40/O

F40/S

F40/O
to MCP4

to MCP4

F40/S
LASB

LASB
MCP4xx

MCP4xx
OSA

OSA
LASB

LASB
F40/S

to MCP4

to MCP4
F40/O

F40/S

F40/O
Transponder/
Muxponder
2.5G

2.5G

10G

40G

Figure 2-21: 80ch PXC NE Structure (nodal degree 2)

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A 80-channel PXC of nodal degree 4 is shown in Figure 2-22, allowing switchable

pass-though traffic between any line directions, PXC structures for up to nodal degree
5 can be composed in analogous way as shown by these examples.

All PXC NEs support optical ring interconnections without regeneration (3R).

F06MR80

F06DR80
WSS

WSS
F40/O

F40/S

F40/O
to MCP4

to MCP4

F40/S
LASB

LASB
line amplifier

line amplifier
(direction 1)

(direction 2)
LASB

LASB
F40/S

to MCP4

to MCP4
F40/O

F40/S

F40/O
F06MR80
F06DR80
WSS

WSS

Figure 2-22: 80ch PXC NE Structure (nodal degree 4)

Another network application for a 80-ch PXC in combination with a DWDM line terminal
is a non-directional terminal, which has already been shown in Figure 2-17 and can
also be built with an 80-ch PXC.

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2.3.2.8 Multi-Degree Direction Separability

The equipment architecture of all hiT 7300 multi-degree nodes (OADM, ROADM, PXC)
optionally supports a physical Direction Separability (for nodal degree 2 also referred
to as East/West separability) for limitation of impacts from equipment failures to
possible traffic interruption related to only one DWDM traffic direction, i.e. a failure or
removal of a traffic carrying card affects at most the add/drop traffic at the related failed
direction and the traffic passing through the related failed direction. If direction
(East/West) separability is required by the customer (as provided by TransNet as an
equipment construction option), the OADM equipment architecture will be constructed
for providing the following properties:

• Optical cards (amplifiers, dispersion compensation, optical

multiplexer/demultiplexer, variable optical attenuators) will be strictly
(physically) separated within different shelves for each DWDM line direction.

• Only one optical amplifier pair (booster, preamplifier) will be allowed per
hiT7300 shelf for the respective line direction.

• Transponder cards can be located in a separate shelf without assignment to

any DWDM line direction; in case of multiple line ports on a I04T2G5 double-
transponder card, both line ports have to serve for add/drop traffic to/from the
same DWDM line side of the OADM; only in case of an optical channel
protection configured on one I04T2G5 card, the two (working and protection)
line ports will be used for add/drop traffic to/from different (East and West)
DWDM directions.

Note: For the 40-channel PXC (ONN-X) and all 80-channel ONN’s, hiT 7300
equipment is always constructed for direction separability, for other ONN types this is
an optional feature to be decided during the planning phase.

2.3.2.9 ONN Upgradeability

In-service upgradeability is provided as follows between the different 40-channel

ONN types:

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ONN type Upgradeable to

40ch Terminal of nodal degree 1 40ch OADM or ROADM or PXC of nodal degree
1+m (up to maximum degree)
(based on ONN-I, ONN-R, ONN-X)

40ch Flexible OADM of nodal degree n 40ch Flexible OADM of nodal degree n+m (up to
maximum degree)
(based on ONN-I)

40ch Small OADM of nodal degree 1 40ch Small OADM of nodal degree 2

(based on ONN-S)

40ch FullAccess OADM or ROADM of 40ch FullAccess OADM or ROADM of nodal degree
nodal degree n n+m (up to maximum degree)

(based on ONN-R)

40ch PXC of nodal degree n 40ch PXC of nodal degree n+m (up to maximum
degree)
(based on ONN-X)

In-service upgradeability is provided as follows between the different 80-channel

ONN types:

ONN type Upgradeable to

80ch Terminal of nodal degree 1 80ch OADM or ROADM or PXC of nodal degree
1+m (up to maximum degree)
(based on ONN-I80, ONN-R80, ONN-X80)

80ch OADM of nodal degree n 80ch OADM of nodal degree n+m (up to maximum
degree)
(based on ONN-I80)

80ch PXC of nodal degree n 80ch PXC of nodal degree n+m (up to maximum
degree)
(based on ONN-X80)

80ch Terminal/OADM/PXC using only 40ch 80ch Terminal/OADM/PXC using full 80ch
standard or offset frequency grid frequency grid

(based on ONN-T80, ONN-I80, ONN-R80,

ONN-X80)

All 40-channel ONN types and all 80-channel ONN types provide the capability of in-
service optical channel upgrades and downgrades without disturbing existing
unaffected channels. For upgrading of a 40-channel ONN to a 80-channel ONN, traffic
interruption is necessary due to additional cards required within the traffic path (e.g.
interleaver cards).

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2.3.3 OLR – Optical Line Repeater

The OLR is used as repeater for optical DWDM signals in both 40-channel and 80-
channel DWDM transmission systems. The OLR network element structure is shown in
Figure 2-23 and consists per transmission direction of an optical in-line amplifier card
with optional external pump card and optional Raman pump card for maximum span
reach. Dispersion compensation for an optical span is applied at the interstage access
ports of the related in-line amplifier, either as DCM cards within the shelf or as
separate modules in managed DCF trays, depending on the specific fiber type and the
required compensation value.

Different types of in-line amplifier cards and several types of dispersion compensation
cards are available for reaching highest performance requirements of optical DWDM
links for different types of fibers, see Chapter 3.4 for details.

The OLR implements power reduction to class 1M (APR) acc. IEC60825-

2:2004+A1:2006 for laser safety on line side and inside the NE with and without
Raman amplifier, see Chapter 3.8 for details. APR does not depend on operability of
the main controller.

The complete OLR is always realized within one shelf including all optional cards, only
in case of external DCF modules needed an extra DCF tray is required.

OLR

(optional)
(optional) Pump
DCM

(optional)

Raman
pump in-line amplifier East

West in-line amplifier Raman

pump

(optional)

DCM
Pump (optional)
(optional)

Figure 2-23: OLR Network Element Structure

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2.3.4 OLRF (new in R4.3)

OLRs can also be used for flatpack. The usage is restricted to 40 channel systems with
the following amplifier types: LAMIC

Not permitted amplifiers: LALIC, LAVIC

Not permitted other equipment. MCP, CFSU, PL, PRC

2.3.5 ONNF (flat pack ONN)

In R4.3, the ONN Terminal, I-Type and S-Type are supported in a flatpack shelf.. The
following table provides an overview.

Table 2-3: ONN types for flatpack and allowed equipment

ONNF Max ch. TN Metro application Description

subtype Cnt / planned
nod.deg

ONNF-T 40 /1 EPC EPC SPC-O,G LAM, LAS, LIFB, LIFPB, LT2;

(terminal) F08SB, F16SB, F04MDU,
F04MDN, F40(V), O08VA, MCP,
CDMM, all I-type cards, OPMDC,
O03CP.

No allowed are LAL, LAV, PRC,

CFSU, 50GHz FGB-based DCM

ONNF-I 40 /1..6 EPC EPC SPC-O,G LAM, LAS, LIFB, LIFPB, LT2;
(large F08SB, F16SB, F04MDU,
OADM) F04MDN, O08VA, MCP, CDMM,
all I-type cards, OPMDC, O03CP.

No allowed are F40(V), LAL, LAV,

PRC, CFSU, 50GHz FGB-based
DCM

Transparent through-connects
between traffic directions: EPC:
per-channel or per-4ch. subband
level; SPC: per subband, only.

ONNF-S 40 /1..2 EPC EPC-O,G LAM, LAS, LIFB, LIFPB, LT2;

(small) F04MDU, MCP, CDMM, all I-type
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OADM) cards, OPMDC, O03CP.

Not allowed are LAL, LAV, PRC,

CFSU, 50GHz FGB-based DCM

2.3.6 SONF – Standalone Optical Node (FlatPack)

Like the SON, the flatpack SON is a purely passive node without optical amplifiers. The
applications are:

– Stand-alone Transponder-NE for non-hiT 7300-DWDM

– Low-cost stand-alone terminal for simple Metro-DWDM

– Remote Terminal

– No predefined filter sequence but any filter structure possible

using F04MDU, F04MDN, and F08SB

– Support of AWGs

In summary, the following equipment can be used in a SON / SON-F

Description Supported card types Max channel count

/nodal degree

SON Terminal, OADM, LT2, F80MDI, F08SB, F16SB, 80 /No hard limit;
MPB interworking F04MDU, F04MDN, F40(V), typical up to 2
using O08VA or O08VA, CDMM, CFSU, all I-type (small OADM
F40V cards, OPMDC, O03CP, architecture)
O02CSP FGB-based DCMs,
DK10 for MPB

SONF Terminal, OADM LT2, F08SB, F16SB, F04MDU, 40 /No hard limit;
F04MDN, F40, CDMM, all I-type typical up to 2
cards, OPMDC, O03CP, (small OADM
O02CSP, 100GHz FGB-based architecture)
DCMs.

Please refer to Appendix C for more information

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3. hiT 7300 Product Description

3.1 Wavelength Plan

The wavelength plan for hit7300 supports 40 channel and 80 channel DWDM
transmission systems depending on the network application.

The 40 channel frequency/wavelength plan allows for very flexible network design for
various End-of-Life (EOL) optical channel counts from 4 channels up to 40 channels in
steps of 4 channel subbands.

C-Band 40 channels

C01 C02 C03 C04 C05 C06 C07 C08 C09 C10

=1529.55 nm 10x 4-channel sub-bands

40=1560.61 nm

Figure 3-1: 4-channel subband structure for 40-channel networks

The following Table 3-1 describes the 40-channel frequency/wavelength plan of

hiT7300 using 40 channels in C-Band with 100 GHz channel spacing. These
frequencies/wavelengths are also referred to as standard frequency grid.

F [THz] λ [nm] Subband #

192,1 1560,61 10

192,2 1559,79 10

192,3 1558,98 10

192,4 1558,17 10

192,5 1557,36 9

192,6 1556,55 9

192,7 1555,75 9

192,8 1554,94 9

192,9 1554,13 8

193 1553,33 8

193,1 1552,52 8

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F [THz] λ [nm] Subband #

193,2 1551,72 8

193,3 1550,92 7

193,4 1550,12 7

193,5 1549,32 7

193,6 1548,51 7

193,7 1547,72 6

193,8 1546,92 6

193,9 1546,12 6

194 1545,32 6

194,1 1544,53 5

194,2 1543,73 5

194,3 1542,94 5

194,4 1542,14 5

194,5 1541,35 4

194,6 1540,56 4

194,7 1539,77 4

194,8 1538,98 4

194,9 1538,19 3

195 1537,40 3

195,1 1536,61 3

195,2 1535,82 3

195,3 1535,04 2

195,4 1534,25 2

195,5 1533,47 2

195,6 1532,68 2

195,7 1531,90 1

195,8 1531,12 1

195,9 1530,33 1

196 1529,55 1

Table 3-1: 40-channel (100 GHz) Wavelength Plan of hiT 7300

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The following Table 3-2 describes the 80-channel frequency/wavelength plan of

hiT7300 using 80 channels in C-Band with 50 GHz channel spacing. These
frequencies/wavelengths is created by combination of the 40-channel standard
frequency grid with the interleaved set of a 40-channel offset frequency grid.

Note that the 80-channel frequency/wavelength plan is not divided any more into a 4-
channel subband structure (as the 40channel frequency/wavelength plan) but the
subband numbers in the table below are only given as reference for frequencies
included in the standard frequency grid. There is no band gap in the 7300 channel
plan.

F [THz] λ [nm] Subband # f [THz] λ [nm] Subband #

192.05 1561,01 194,05 1544,92

192,1 1560,61 10 194,1 1544,53 5

192.15 1560,20 194,15 1544,13

192,2 1559,79 10 194,2 1543,73 5

192,25 1559,39 194,25 1543,33

192,3 1558,98 10 194,3 1542,94 5

192,35 1558,58 194,35 1542,54

192,4 1558,17 10 194,4 1542,14 5

192,45 1557,77 194,45 1541,75

192,5 1557,36 9 194,5 1541,35 4

192,55 1556,96 194,55 1540,95

192,6 1556,55 9 194,6 1540,56 4

192,65 1556,15 194,65 1540,16

192,7 1555,75 9 194,7 1539,77 4

192,75 1555,34 194,75 1539,37

192,8 1554,94 9 194,8 1538,98 4

192,85 1554,54 194,85 1538,58

192,9 1554,13 8 194,9 1538,19 3

192,95 1553,73 194,95 1537,79

193,0 1553,33 8 195,0 1537,40 3

193,05 1552,93 195,05 1537,00

193,1 1552,52 8 195,1 1536,61 3

193,15 1552,12 195,15 1536,22

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193,2 1551,72 8 195,2 1535,82 3

193,25 1551,32 195,25 1535,43

193,3 1550,92 7 195,3 1535,04 2

193,35 1550,52 195,35 1534,64

193,4 1550,12 7 195,4 1534,25 2

193,45 1549,72 195,45 1533,86

193,5 1549,32 7 195,5 1533,47 2

193,55 1548,91 195,55 1533,07

193,6 1548,51 7 195,6 1532,68 2

193,65 1548,11 195,65 1532,29

193,7 1547,72 6 195,7 1531,90 1

193,75 1547,32 195,75 1531,51

193,8 1546,92 6 195,8 1531,12 1

193,85 1546,52 195,85 1530,72

193,9 1546,12 6 195,9 1530,33 1

193,95 1545,72 195,95 1529,94

194,0 1545,32 6 196,0 1529,55 1

Table 3-2: 80-channel (50 GHz) Wavelength Plan of hiT 7300

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3.2 Optical Multiplexing and Switching

The choice and structure of the optical multiplexing technology for hiT 7300 takes into
consideration several factors such as the channel granularity requirements, modularity,
and subsequent upgradeability. The optical MUX/DMUX cards offer very low insertion
loss to facilitate links with a large number of ONN’s as well as to support ONN’s
without amplifiers wherever possible in order to reduce the overall system cost.
SURPASS hiT 7300 supports 40 wavelengths out of the 100 GHz wavelength grid and
80 wavelengths out of the 50 GHz wavelength grid according to ITU-T G.692/G.694.1.

Optical MUX/DMUX Cards are used in all ONN types as described in Chapter 2.3.

All MUX/DMUX cards have fixed wavelength assignment to their physical channel
ports. Both thin-film filter for realizing flexible subband structures and arrayed wave-
guide (AWG) optical filter technology for full-access to 40-channel frequency grids are
available, thereby always meeting cost-effective solutions for each network application.
The cards are highly reliable and mostly consisting of passive optical components only.

The same MUX/DMUX cards are used for ONN terminal applications as well as for all
OADM and PXC applications.

Note: The optical MUX/DMUX cards described in this Chapter are to be plugged within
the hiT 7300 shelf, there are also MUX/DMUX flat pack modules for plugging within a
filter flat pack shelf for passive CWDM and passive DWDM systems, these are
described in Appendix C of this Technical Description.

3.2.1 Optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Cards

For realizing flexible subband structures for multiplexing/demultiplexing of up to 40

channels in standard frequency grid (C-band) with 4-channel granularity there are only
4 types of MUX/DMUX cards needed, which are already supported since R4.0 of hiT
7300:

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Card function Card name

Red/blue splitter + 2x sub-band multiplexing F08SB

(bidirectional)

4x sub-band multiplexing (bidirectional) F16SB (red and blue band variant)

1x sub-band filter + 4-channel multiplexing F04MDU (10 subband variants)

(bidirectional)

4-channel multiplexing (bidirectional) F04MDN (10 subband variants)

Table 3-3: Optical MUX/DMUX Cards for subband multiplexing

(standard frequency grid)

For realizing 40-channel (EOL) systems in standard and offset frequency grid (C-band)
with full access to all channels from day 1 (BOL), and for 80-channel systems the
following MUX/DMUX cards are supported in hiT 7300:

Card function Card name Release

40-channel multiplexing/demultiplexing for F40/S R4.1

100GHz Standard frequency grid
(unidirectional)

40-channel multiplexing/demultiplexing for F40/O R4.2

100GHz Offset frequency grid
(unidirectional)

40-channel multiplexing/demultiplexing and F40V/S R4.2

per channel VOAs for 100GHz Standard
frequency grid (unidirectional)

40-channel multiplexing/demultiplexing and F40V/O R4.2

per channel VOAs for 100GHz Offset
frequency grid (unidirectional)

80-channel split coupler and drop F80DCI R4.2

interleaver (unidirectional)

80-channel interleaver (bidirectional) F80MDI R4.2

40-channel multiplexing/demultiplexing for F40MP-1 /S/O R4.3

100GHz frequency grid (unidirectional), per
channel monitor diodes, /S and /O

40-channel multiplexing/demultiplexing for F40VMP-1 /S/O R4.3

100GHz frequency grid (unidirectional), per
channel monitor diodes and VOAs, /S and
/O

Table 3-4: Optical MUX/DMUX Cards for 40/80-channel multiplexing

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3.2.1.1 F08SB Filter Card

Figure 3-2: F08SB-1 Card

The F08SB card consists of a red/blue filter and two subband filters. The card is
bidirectional and occupies a single slot. It offers two band filters for subband C5 and
C6 and a red/blue filter that separates subbands C1-C4 from subbands C7-C10. There
is only one variant of this card.

Figure 3-3: F08SB Front View

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3.2.1.2 F16SB Filter Cards

F16SB-1 (blue)

C01

C02

C03
C04

Figure 3-4: F16SB Cards

Each F16SB card consists of four cascaded subband filters. The card is bidirectional
and occupies a single slot. It is offered in two variants for subbands C1-C4 (blue band)
and subbands C7-C10 (red band), respectively. In demultiplexing direction the card
also has an optical input power monitor for detection of loss-of-signal and laser safety
control.

Figure 3-5: F16SB Front View

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3.2.1.3 F04MDU and F04MDN Filter Cards

Each F04MDU card consists of one band filter and one corresponding four channel
fixed filter. The card is bidirectional and occupies a single slot. It is offered in ten
different variants (subbands C1-C10) to cover all 40 channels within 100 GHz standard
frequency grid.

Figure 3-6 F04MDU-1 Card

The F04MDN card consists of one four channel fixed filter. The card is bidirectional
and occupies a single slot. F04MDN-1 is offered in ten different variants (subbands C1-
C10) to cover all 40 channels within 100 GHz standard frequency grid.

F04MDN-1
Cx

i j k l

Figure 3-7: F04MDN Card

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F04MDN F04MDU

upgrade
port

Figure 3-8: F04MDN and F04MDU Front Views

3.2.1.4 F40/S and F40/O Filter Cards

Each F40 filter cards consist of a 40-channel fixed filter based on temperature-
controlled arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) technology, which performs multiplexing
or demultiplexing of 40 channels in 100 GHz spaced standard frequency grid (F40/S)
or 100 GHz spaced offset (50 GHz shifted) frequency grid (F40/O), respectively. The
F40 cards are used for all Full-Access 40-channel Terminal/OADM/ROADM and PXC
NEs as well as 80-channel Terminal/OADM/ROADM and PXC NEs. Each F40/x card is
unidirectional and performs either optical multiplexing or de-multiplexing, as a de-
multiplexer it also has an optical input power monitor for detection of loss-of-signal and
for laser safety control. Each F40/x card provides 41 optical front connectors within 21
duplex LC/PC connectors on the front panel for access to all 40 channel ports and the
aggregation port, it occupies 2 slots (2x 30mm).
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Figure 3-9: F40/S and F40/O Cards

Figure 3-10: F40/S or F40/O Card Front View

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3.2.1.5 Multiplexer card F40-2/x

In R4.30, a cost optimized variant of the 40-channel multiplexer card is introduced.

Compared to the F40-1 card, a AWG with higher IL is used. The card exists for
standard and offset grid.

3.2.1.6 F40V/S and F40V/O Filter Cards

Like the F40 filter cards each F40V consists of a 40-channel fixed filter based on
temperature-controlled arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) technology, which performs
multiplexing or demultiplexing of 40 channels in 100 GHz spaced standard frequency
grid (F40/S) or 100 GHz spaced offset (50 GHz shifted) frequency grid (F40/O),
respectively.

In addition to multiplexing/demultiplexing each F40V contains an electronic VOA for

each individual input/output channel, which is used for optical channel power pre-
emphasis (in case of F40V multiplexer) or drop channel power adjust (in case of F40V
demultiplexer), which allows a very compact and cost-effective realization of multi-
degree OADMs and PXCs with high channel count while achieving highly automated
network commissioning at the same time. Like the F40/x each F40V/x card provides 41
optical front connectors within 21 duplex LC/PC connectors on the front panel for
access to all 40 channel ports and the aggregation port, it occupies 2 slots (2x 30mm).

Figure 3-11: F40/S and F40/O Cards

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Figure 3-12: F40V/S or F40V/O Card Front View

3.2.1.7 Multiplexer card F40MP-1/x and F40VMP-1/x

The 40-channel multiplexer cards are also available with monitor diodes on each input
channel. The monitoring function allows for per channel LOS alarms and overpower
alarm by adding up the channel powers. At the Mux output, a TX monitor is available
for connection to a MCP or an external OSA.

The card exists in a S (standard) and O (offset) version so that up to 80 channels can
be combined using both cards and an interleaver. The card is also 2 slots wide like the
version without monitors.

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196.00
or
195.95
98% MD

TX-
OUT

TX- 98%
MON PCU I MD
192.10
or
X=S or MD 192.05
O
F40MP-1/X
E TH

19Augl’08

Figure 3-13: Block diagram for F40MP/S or F40MP/O

The F40VMP-1/x is like the F40MP-1/x but with integrated per channel VOAs on the
input ports into the AWG multiplexer.

3.2.1.8 FC0x-1 Filter Cards

Please refer to appendix C ‘CWDM and SON’

3.2.1.9 F80MDI Interleaver Card

The F80MDI cards is used in 80-channel Terminal and OADM Nes for
multiplexing/demultiplexing of an 80-channel DWDM signal with 50 GHz spacing by
interleaving/de-interleaving the corresponding 40-channel standard and offset
frequency groups of 100 GHz spacing each.

The card (Figure 3-14) contains 2 optical 50GHz/100GHz interleaver filters, power
level monitors for outgoing 40-channel signals are used for laser safety control. An
auxiliary optical input is provided for later access to auxiliary laser light for transient
suppression (future release) in combination with a monitor port for the 80-channel
output signal.

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F80MDI
1,.., 40
(standard grid)

1,.., 80

41,.., 80
(offset grid)

AUX-IN MON-OUT

1,.., 40
(standard grid)

1,.., 80

41,.., 80
(offset grid)

Figure 3-14: F80MDI Interleaver Card

The F80MDI card provides 8 optical front connectors within 4 duplex LC/PC
connectors on the front panel for access, it occupies 1 slots (1x 30mm).

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Figure 3-15: F80MDI Card Front View

3.2.1.10 F80DCI Drop Splitter and Interleaver Card

The F80DCI cards is used in 80-channel ROADM Nes for demultiplexing of an 80-
channel DWDM signal with 50 GHz spacing by de-interleaving into the corresponding
40-channel standard and offset frequency groups of 100 GHz spacing each.

The card (Figure 3-16) contains one optical 50GHz/100GHz interleaver filters, one
LOS monitor for the received 80-channel line signal, and power level monitors for the
outgoing 40-channel signals are used for laser safety control.

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Figure 3-16: F80DC Drop Splitter and Interleaver Card

The F80DCI card provides 4 optical front connectors within 2 duplex LC/PC connectors
on the front panel for access, it occupies 1 slots (1x 30mm).

Figure 3-17: F80DCI Card Front View

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3.2.2 Wavelength-Selective Switch Cards

3.2.2.1 40-Channel Two-Degree Wavelength-Selective Switch (PLC-WSS)

hiT 7300 R4.1 supports wavelength selective switching for building a 40-channel
reconfigurable OADM (ROADM) providing full access to 40 optical channels (standard
frequency grid) as described in Chapter 2.3.2.2. The key component for this application
is the F40MR card which includes an integrated Planar Lightwave Circuit based
wavelength selective switch (PLC-WSS) with low insertion loss, providing a remotely
(via SW) reconfigurable optical switching function per individual wavelength as shown
in Figure 3-18.

The output DWDM signal towards the line interface (booster or booster-less interface)
of the PLC-WSS is a DWDM signal resulting from multiplexing 40 optical channels
which are individually selectable (via SW control) between the 40 incoming pass-
through channels and the 40 local add channels. For each optical channel to be
transmitted a VOA function and an optical power monitor diode are available.

The input DWDM signal from the line interface (optical pre-amplifier) is optically split
into pass-through traffic and local drop traffic, where the passthrough direction also
provides an optical input power monitor for detection of loss-of-signal and laser safety
control.

The configuration achieves East/West separability between the respective DWDM line
directions. The scheme shown in the next Figure can also work as a terminal with just
the ½ PLC ROADM as depicted with the dashed box. By doubling the equipment it can
also be upgraded in service to a full ROADM.

The F40MR-1 card provides 45 front connectors within 23 duplex LC/PC connectors on
the front panel for access to all optical ports, it occupies 3 slots (3x 30mm).

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F40MR-1

local drop
local add 1 … 40
1 … 40
F40

F40MR

…
West East
(trunk 1) (trunk 2)

…
F40MR

Splitter F40
Channel Filter 1 … 40
Amplifier local add
PLC: Planar Lightwave
1 … 40
Circuit local drop

Figure 3-18: F40MR-1 (PLC WSS) Functional View

Figure 3-19: F40MR-1 Card Front View

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3.2.2.2 40-Channel Multi-Degree Wavelength-Selective Switch (MEMS-WSS)

hiT 7300 R4.2 supports wavelength selective switching for building a multi-degree
40-channel reconfigurable Photonic Cross-Connect (PXC) providing full access to 40
optical channels (standard frequency grid) as described in Chapter 2.3.2.4. The key
component for this application is the F08MR card which includes an integrated MEMS
based 8:1 wavelength selective switch (MEMS-WSS) module, providing a remotely (via
SW) reconfigurable optical switching function per individual wavelength as shown in
Figure 3-20.

The input DWDM signal from a line interface (optical pre-amplifier) is optically splitted
into 7 cross-connect outputs and 1 local drop traffic output, where the drop output also
provides an optical input power monitor for detection of loss-of-signal and laser safety
control. The WSS module collects DWDM traffic from 7 other line ports and 1 local add
traffic input and performs arbitrary pass-through switching for any wavelengths from
any input of its 8 input ports towards its output port.

The internal cross-connect traffic ports from different F08MR cards (of different line
directions) can be optically interconnected to allow for configurable pass-through traffic
between arbitrary line directions.

The MEMS-WSS unit supports hitless wavelength switching for any unchanged optical
channel interconnections.

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Figure 3-20: F08MR Functional View

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Figure 3-21: F08MR Card Front View

3.2.2.3 40 channel ROADM MUX card F02MR-1

In R4.30, the F02MR-1 is introduced as a ROADM card of degree 2 which is used in

the ONN-R2 as a cost optimized alternative together with the 40-channel
multiplexer/demultiplexer card F40/S.

In the Tx path, the key component of this card is the integrated MEMS based 2:1
wavelength selective switch (MEMS-WSS) module, providing a remotely (via NMS)
reconfigurable optical switching function per individual wavelength. The incoming
signals of the cross-connect are switched with the WSS module on the common output
which is followed by a booster amplifier. One of the inputs of the WSS is connected to
the output of a mux filter where the local add channels are inserted.

In the RX path, the incoming signal from the pre-amplifier is launched into a 1x2 splitter
with a 40/60 splitting ratio. At the higher output port, a demux filter (F40/S) can be
connected for local drop traffic. The other port is the output of the cross-connect. At
both inputs of the WSS and the C-COM port of the splitter, LOS monitors are used for
supervision. Also a power monitor is present at the splitter drop output.

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C1 C2 to demux filter) R-COM

F02MR
02MR-
MR-1
LSBUS
overPower-MD

TX-path
RX-path

40% 60%

Splitter 2x1 WSS

LSBUS
APRM-MD
C-COM R1 R2
From mux filter 19Aug’08

Figure 3-22: Block diagram of the F02MR-1 (100GHz WSS) card

Application example: Cost-optimized ROADM ONN-R2

The F02MR card is used in the ONN-R2. With two of these combined WSS and splitter
cards as the core of the node, the following figure shows the building blocks of a 2
degree ONN with EOL40 capacity. The main difference of the F02MR compared to the
F40MR used in the comparable 40ch ROADM in chapter 2 is that the F02MR has a
lower express loss but a higher add-loss.

Local add Local drop

West F40 F40V East
(trunk 1) (trunk 2)
F02MR F02MR
100GHz
WSS 1x2

100GHz
WSS 1x2

F40V F40
Amplifier
Splitter
Channel Filter local drop local add

Figure 3-23: Structure of the ONN-R2 using the F02MR as the WSS card

The incoming WDM express signal is split and the drop traffic is sent to the F40V card
for demultiplexing. The other port of the coupler is connected to the WSS input. In the
WSS, the signals are combined with the add channels which are multiplexed using the
F40 card.

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3.2.2.4 F09MDRT-1/x Filter Cards

The F09MDRT-1/x is a bidirectional tunable WSS card. Each of the drop channels of
the WSS is tunable and remotely configurable. I contains a 9x1 WSS with 100GHz
spacing and a 9x1 coupler structure. In order to support 80 channel operation with
50GHz spacing, two cards are required with a /S and /O variant of the WSS card.
These two cards are operated in parallel using an interleaver and this combination
supports a total of 2x8 channels of tunable add/drop.

The WSS input port and all coupler input ports C1…C9 are monitored for LOS, the
coupler inputs are also equipped with per channel VOAs. The card is 2 slots wide and
can be used in the ONN-RT and ONN-RT80.

C9 C8 C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 R-COM
C50

C50
C50

C50

Measure LOS, 99% To LSB

LOS, 98%
Coupler path

C50

C50

WSS path
WSS 9
16x
16x1
F09MDRT
09MDRT-
MDRT-1/x 100GHz
100GHz
C50

X =S or O
LOS, 99%,
C45

PCU I

later release
Measure,
To LSB To LSB To LSB
1Moverpower, 98%
C75

ETH

C-COM R1 to LSBus R9 09Oct2008

Figure 3-24: Building blocks of the F09MDRT-1/x card

Application example: Metro tunable ROADM (ONN-RT)

The F9MDRT-1 card can be used in a ROADM application mainly for Metro core
networks or as a non-directional terminal in an ONN-X. Two of the F9MDRT cards are
combined for a degree 2 node as shown in figure 3-25. The express path first passes
the 9x1 WSS device where 8 ports can be used for dropping. The WSS here allows
colorless ports, i.e. any wavelength out of the incoming WDM band is possible on a
given port. The structure can be extended to 80 channel capacity by using a F80MDI
interleaver and 2 parallel WSS cards, for standard and offset grid, respectively.

The add channels and the express channel are combined via per channel VOAs into
the output port. In addition, the incoming WSS can also control the optical power of the
dropped channels via the tilt of the MEMs mirrors.

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Per ch VOA
West East
(trunk 1) F09MDRT (trunk 2)

100GHz
WSS

100GHz
WSS

F09MDRT

Per ch VOA

Figure 3-25: Building blocks of the colorless ONN-RT, the RT80 has two path in
each direction combined with interleavers

3.2.2.5 F09MR80-1 Filter Cards

This card is a building block for the 80-channel PXC and carries a 50-GHz WSS with 9
input ports. The card is used as a Mux in an ONNX-80 for 8x8 PXC and in the ONN-
R80. All 9 input ports are controlled via monitor diodes. The card is3 slots wide and
shown in Figure 3-26.

F09MR80-1

IN1 50GHZ
WSS TX-OUT

MON-OUT
VOA

IN9 AUX-IN

PCU I ETH
21 Aug 2008

Figure 3-26: Building blocks for the F09MR80-1 card

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3.2.2.6 F09DR80-1 Filter Cards

This card is a building block for the PXC and carries a 50-GHz WSS with 9 output
ports. The card is used as a Demux in an ONNX-80 for a PXC for nodal degree up to
8. All 9 output ports are controlled via overpower monitor diodes with a control loop for
limiting the output to 17dBm. The card is 3 slots wide and shown in Figure 3-27. The
F09DR80 and F09MR90 can be used as spares for F06DR80 and F06MR80,
respectively.

F09DR80-1
LSB

OUT1 50GHZ
98% WSS RX-IN
99%

LSB
LSB VOA

OUT9
98% PCU I ETH
21 Aug 2008

Figure 3-27: Building blocks for the F09DR80-1 card

Application of the F09 cards can be done in PXC structures with a degree up to eight.
The simplified example with degree 2 of such 50GHz WSS is shown in Figure3-28 with
the F09xx80 WSS card as the central building block. Compared to the 100GHz WSS
card, here the 80channel support can be done with one WSS device instead of two
parallel ones. The WSS output ports 3…5 are used for drop or add traffic while the
ports 1, 2 carry the express traffic (the other possible ports are not used in this
example here). The 50GHz WSS devices allow a true 80 channel design with the
additional usage of interleaver cards which simplifies the system design. Also note that
by having a separate multiplexer and demultipler WSS card, a better performance is
achieved compared to cases where a combination of WSS and power splitter is used.
This measure is of advantage for the 50GHz channel spacing. Having the F09 card in
a nodal degree 5 design, a future upgrade to degree 8 is possible in service since the
WSS does not need to be replaced, It is also evident, that the design achieves a clear
east-west separation of the channels. A cost optimized single WSS solution is finally
possible with the F09 card with an upgrade to degree 2 only.

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West WDM trunk 3 to 5 WDM trunk 3 to 5 East

(trunk 1) F09MR80 F09DR80 (trunk 2)
50GHz 50GHz
WSS WSS

F09DR80 F09MR80

50GHz 50GHz
WSS WSS

Amplifier
WDM trunk 3 to 5 WDM trunk 3 to 5
Channel Filter

Figure 3-28: 80-channel terminal with WSS, upgradable to PXC

3.2.2.7 80-Channel Multi-Degree Wavelength-Selective Switch (MEMS-WSS)

hiT 7300 R4.2 also supports wavelength selective switching for building a multi-degree
80-channel reconfigurable Photonic Cross-Connect (PXC) providing full access to 80
optical channels as described in Chapter 2.3.2.7. The key components for this
application are the F06DR80 and the F06MR80 cards each including an integrated
MEMS based 1:6 (6:1) wavelength selective switch (MEMS-WSS) module, providing a
remotely (via SW) reconfigurable optical switching function per individual wavelength
as shown in Figure 3-29.

The input DWDM signal from a line interface (optical pre-amplifier) is switched per
wavelength by the MEMS-WSS unit on the F06DR80 card, either to any of cross-
connect output ports or to one of the two local drop traffic ports, which are already
divided into two 40-channel frequency groups of standard grid and offset grid,
respectively, so that no further interleaver is needed. A LOS monitor for the input signal
is provided for laser safety control at the line interface and each output port is also
supervised for overpower detection to ensure laser safety of hazard level 1M.

The output DWDM signal to a line interface (optical booster) is created by the MEMS-
WSS unit on the F06MR80 card, which switches per wavelength from any of the cross-
connect input signals or from one of the two local add traffic ports, which are already
divided (by the feeding multiplexer cards, not shown in Figure) into two 40-channel
frequency groups of standard grid and offset grid.

The internal cross-connect traffic ports from F06DR80 and F06MR80 cards (of different
line directions) can be optically interconnected to allow for configurable pass-through
traffic between arbitrary line directions.

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The MEMS-WSS units support hitless wavelength switching for any unchanged optical
channel interconnections.

F06DR80 F06MR80

Tx OUT1 Rx IN1

Tx OUT2 Rx IN2
Tx Line
pre- Rx Line booster
amplifier Tx OUT3 Rx IN3 1,.., 80
1,.., 80
WSS Tx OUT4 Rx IN4 WSS
(1:6) (6:1)
Cross-Connect Cross-Connect
outputs inputs

1,.., 80 1,.., 80

MON-OUT
AUX-IN
Tx OUT5

Tx OUT6

Rx IN5

Rx IN6
1,.., 40 41,.., 80 1,.., 40 41,.., 80
(standard grid) (offset grid) (standard grid) (offset grid)

local drop traffic local add traffic

Figure 3-29: F06DR80 / F06MR80 Functional View

Figure 3-30: F06DR80 / F06MR80 Card Front View

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Note: The ONN-X80 with nodal degree 5 cannot be upgraded with terminal directions
6,7,8 or a separated second PXC. The F06DR80/F06MR80 is limited to 5 directions,
and for more directions these cards have to be substituted.

3.2.3 Optical Multiplexing Structures and Applications

The following Chapters describe the 4-channel banded multiplexing structures of the
40-channel terminal and OADM network elements in detail, which provide the great
flexibility of the hiT 7300 to address many typical network applications in a very cost-
effective and scalable manner.

The full access 40-channel OADM as well as the 40-channel ROADM and PXC NE
types and the 80-channel NE types do not make use of 4-channel banded filter
structures but are based on complete 40-channel AWG multiplexers, see Chapters
2.3.2.1, 2.3.2.2, 2.3.2.4, and 2.3.2.5.

3.2.3.1 Multiplexing Structures for Flexible 40-channel Terminal/OADM

By combining only four basic filter card types, the hiT 7300 product covers all 40-
channel network applications thus offering network planners great simplicity and an
ability to seamlessly grow their networks over the time. With just four basic card types
to manage, a network designer can chose to build a flexible terminal NE with EOL
capacity of 4 to 40 channels in steps of 4 channels. The same four basic card types
can be used for realizing a flexible OADM NE.

Based on the necessary end-of-life (EOL) optical channel count number of a DWDM
line, cost optimized filter structures are offered for optical channel multiplexing/de-
multiplexing. The following characteristic EOL counts are distinguished:

• EOL=12

• EOL=20

• EOL=32

• EOL=40

Each filter structure allows a seamless upgrade path from provisioning of the first
optical channel (BOL) up to the last optical channel (EOL) without any traffic
interruption of any already existing channel(s) being in operation.

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The filter structures can be applied for each DWDM line interface of a multi-degree
Terminal/OADM. A special case is the Small OADM which only uses a very simple
filter structure (see 3.2.3.3).

3.2.3.1.1 Flexible Filter Structure for EOL=12

Figure 3-31 shows the filter structure for EOL=12 with the upgrade path from the first
channel (group) to the last channel (group), where the three 4-channel subbands (Cxx)
are located within the flat region of the optical amplifier band and the upgrade path
allows any upgrade order for these subbands.

Figure 3-31: Flexible Terminal/OADM – 12 Channel EOL Capacity and Upgrade

Path

3.2.3.1.2 Flexible Filter Structure for EOL=20

Figure 3-32 shows the basic filter structure for EOL=20 with the upgrade path from the
first channel (group) to the last channel (group), where the upgrade path allows any
upgrade order for these subbands. There are 2 subtypes for this filter structure,
depending on which subband is added/dropped as the first (C07 or C08). Within the
filter tree, only those cards are necessary which are required for add/drop or through-
connection of the corresponding wavelengths. For more than 4 channels of BOL
configuration, the F08SB card with the red/blue band splitter is needed.

For multi-directional Flexible OADM applications realized by NE subtype ONN-I, each

4-channel subband can be directly through-connected between different line directions
(from R4.1 on), if no access to a channel of a subband is needed; for through-
connections of any subband from C01, C02, and/or C03, a path penalty must be
accepted due to the higher amplifier transmission ripple for the corresponding
wavelengths.
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Figure 3-32: Flexible Terminal/OADM – 20 Channel EOL Capacity and Upgrade

Path

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3.2.3.1.3 Flexible Filter Structure for EOL=32

Figure 3-33 shows the basic filter structure for EOL=32 with the upgrade path from the
first channel (group) to the last channel (group), where the upgrade path allows any
upgrade order for these subbands. There are 3 subtypes for this filter structure,
depending on which subband is added/dropped as the first (C07 or C08 or C09).
Within the filter tree, only those cards are necessary which are required for add/drop or
through-connection of the corresponding wavelengths. For more than 4 channels of
BOL configuration, the F08SB card with the red/blue band splitter is needed, for more
than 12 channels up to 24 channels the F08SB and one F16SB (red or blue) subband
multiplexer cards are needed, for more than 24 up to 32 channels the F08SB and two
F16SB (red and blue) subband multiplexer cards are needed.

For multi-directional Flexible OADM applications realized by NE subtype ONN-I, each

4-channel subband can be directly through-connected between different line directions
(from R4.1 on), if no access to a channel of a subband is needed; for through-
connections of any subband from C01, C02, and/or C03, a path penalty must be
accepted due to the higher amplifier transmission ripple for the corresponding
wavelengths.
F04MDN-1
(C03)

F16SB-1 (blue)
i

F08SB-1
j
k

F04MDN-1 C01
l

(C04) C02
C03 C01,C02,C03,C04
i

C04
j
k

LAxB
F04MDU-1
l

(C07 or C08 or C09) booster

DWDM
Line

F04MDN-1 F16SB-1 (red)

(C07 or C08)* LAxP
i

preamp
C07
j

i j k l
C08 C07,C08,C09,C10
k

*)
F04MDN-1 C09
l

(C08 or C09)* C10

*)
i
j
k

F04MDN-1
l

(C10)
F04MDN-1
i

(C05)
j

i
k

C05
l

j
k

F04MDN-1
l

(C06)
* depends on which subband
i

Cxx is already chosen for C06

j

F04MDU at BOL
k
l

upgrade path (EOL=32)

Figure 3-33: Flexible Terminal/OADM – 32 Channel EOL Capacity and Upgrade

Path

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3.2.3.1.4 Flexible Filter Structure for EOL=40

Figure 3-34 shows the basic filter structure for EOL=40 with the upgrade path from the
first channel (group) to the last channel (group), where the upgrade path allows any
upgrade order for these subbands. Within the filter tree, only those cards are
necessary which are required for add/drop or through-connection of the corresponding
wavelengths. The F08SB card with the red/blue band splitter is always needed, for
more than 8 channels up to 24 channels one F16SB (red or blue) subband multiplexer
card is needed, for more than 24 up to 40 channels the F08SB and two F16SB (red
and blue) subband multiplexer cards are needed.

For multi-directional Flexible OADM applications realized by NE subtype ONN-I, each

4-channel subbands can be directly through-connected between different line
directions (from R4.1 on), if no access to a channel of a subband is needed; for
through-connections of any subband from C01, C02, and/or C03, a path penalty must
be accepted due to the higher amplifier transmission ripple for the corresponding
wavelengths.
F04MDN-1 F16SB-1 (blue) F08SB-1
F04MDN-1
F04MDN-1
i

F04MDN-1 C01
i
j

(C04) C02
i
k

C03 C01,C02,C03,C04
i
k
l

C04
k
l

LAxB
k
l

booster
DWDM
Line

F04MDN-1 F16SB-1 (red) LAxP

F04MDN-1 preamp
F04MDN-1
i

F04MDN-1 C07
i
j

(C10) C08 C07,C08,C09,C10

i
k

C09
i
k
l

C10
k
l

j
k
l

F04MDN-1
(C05)
i

C05
j
k

F04MDN-1
l

(C06)
i

C06
j
k
l

upgrade path (EOL=40)

Figure 3-34: Flexible Terminal/OADM – 40 Channel EOL Capacity and Upgrade

Path

NOTE: The filter structure for EOL=40 is also most economical for EOL=32 and
BOL>12.

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Compared to the terminals based on 4-channel subbands, the AWG structure offers
full access to any of the 40 channels from day one onwards. Also, the AWG and
banded filters are interoperabele in a network. They can be mixed, for example at one
side of the connect, an AWG structure is used and on the other side a cascaded 4-
channel filter structure.

3.2.3.1.5 Flexible Filter Upgrade Sequence

The filter structures for the different EOL channel counts are flexible with respect to the
channel upgrade sequence, channel upgrade sequence can be determined by other
aspects (e.g. optical performance); if no such other aspects determine the upgrade
sequence, the following Table 3-5 shows the most economical upgrade sequence
chart. The actual task of wavelength planning and card selection is fully automated and
performed by TransNet engineering and planning tool.

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EOL Channel Count

32 ch 40 ch /
12 ch 20 ch
(BOL ≤ 12) 32 ch (BOL > 12)

OCGs
Filter Type OCG Filter Type OCG Filter Type OCG Filter Type OCG
deployed

F04MDU C08 F04MDU C08 F04MDU C08 F08SB -

1st
F04MDN C06

F04MDU C06 F08SB - F08SB - F04MDN C05

2nd
F04MDN C06 F04MDN C06

F04MDN C05 F04MDN C05 F04MDN C05 F16SB red

3rd
F04MDN C08

F04MDN C07 F16SB red F04MDN C07

4th
F04MDN C07

F04MDN C04 F04MDN C09 F04MDN C09

5th

F04MDN C10 F04MDN C10

6th

F16SB blue F16SB blue

7th
F04MDN C04 F04MDN C04

F04MDN C03 F04MDN C03

8th

F04MDN C02
9th

F04MDN C01
10th

Table 3-5: Optical Multiplexing in Flexible Terminal/OADM – Upgrade Sequence

Chart

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3.2.3.2 Flexible OADM Example

hiT 7300 offers a simple scalable architecture for any OADM application independent
of the required add/drop capacity.

For Flexible OADM applications with up to 100% add/drop capability at each DWDM
line interface, any of the filter architectures as described in 3.2.3.1 can be used. The
following Figure 3-35 shows an example of the filter architecture of a large OADM of
nodal degree 2 for 40 channels EOL.

4-channel subbands, which are accessible by multiplexing/de-multiplexing at a DWDM

line interface, can be directly patched-through (express traffic) between West and East
line sides for corresponding subbands. From each completely de-multiplexed/
multiplexed subband, any individual channels can also be patched-through between
West and East sides.

For power adjustment (pre-emphasis) of subbands and add/drop channels, optical

attenuators (either by fixed optical attenuators (OA), or variable optical attenuators
(VOA) on O08VA cards (see 3.10)) may be needed for achieving optimum optical
performance and maximum reach of optical channels. Power adjustment can be done
on subband level or for single optical channels, depending on the concerned frequency
(band) and the available power margins, the optimum placements of (V)Oas is
determined by TransNet. The corresponding filter structure and principles analogously
apply to the case of a multidirectional (nodal degree >2) OADM.

Figure 3-35: Flexible OADM: Example for EOL=40 Channels

(with Subband Patch-Through and Channel Patch-Through)

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3.2.3.3 Small OADM Example (20% Add/Drop)

The following Figure 3-36 shows the filter architecture of the Small OADM, which
allows up to 20% (8 channels) add/drop capactity for West and East line side,
respectively. Each F04MDU-1 card gives add/drop capability for 4 channels of the
respective Cxx subband at the corresponding traffic side. For each subband to be
added/dropped, the related F04MDU-1 card has to be equipped for both traffic sides
(symmetrical architecture).

Any subband which is not added/dropped by a F04MDU card is automatically

forwarded (express traffic) between West and East sides. Patch-through connections
for individual optical channels (accessed by F04MDU cards) is principally possible but
not yet supported.

Figure 3-36: Small OADM: Up to 2x4 Add/Drop Channels

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3.3 Modular Transponder, Muxponder, Regenerator,

and Multi-Service Cards

The hiT 7300 transponder, muxponder, and regenerator cards offer a broad range of
fully transparent data transmission services for various user applications. They are
designed for interfacing to optical channels of data rate levels 2.5 Gb/s, 10 Gb/s, and
40 Gb/s within an Optical Transport Network (OTN) and support all the fault
supervision and performance monitoring functions according ITU-T G.709 (see 1.5).

Each transponder or muxponder (=multiplexing transponder) converts one or several of

its client signals of grey or CWDM wavelength into a colored line signal with specific
DWDM wavelength according to the hiT 7300 wavelength plan (refer to 3.1). Each
transponder line interface provides an excellent span performance for regional as well
as long haul networks by using optical DWDM modules with high dispersion tolerance
in combination with FEC or SUPER-FEC ((SUPER-) Forward Error Correction). Each
transponder/muxponder card can also support optical channel protection (OchP) for its
line interface(s) (refer to Chapter 4.2), which allows carrier-class survivability for its
client services.

Note that hiT 7300 transponder cards can be used as integral part of hiT 7300 NE type
“ONN”, or can alternatively be applied for interworking with hiT 7500 or any other 3rd
party DWDM equipment. The following transponder card types are supported:

• I04T2G5, transponder/muxponder or regenerator card for 2.5 Gb/s optical

channel line rate, using pluggable (SFP) line und client interfaces

• I01T10G LHD/LHD2/LH/Regio/Regio80/Metro, transponder or regenerator

card for 10 Gb/s optical channel line rate, available in different optical reach
variants, using pluggable (XFP) client interface

• I08T10G LHD/LH/Regio/Regio80/Metro, muxponder card for 10 Gb/s optical

channel line rate (R4.1), available in different optical reach variants, using
pluggable (SFP) client interfaces

• I05AD10G, multi-service card for 10G optical channel line rate, using pluggable
(XFP) line interfaces and pluggable (SFP) client interfaces (R4.25)

• I04TQ10G, a multi-service 10G transponder (R4.30)

• I01T40G, transponder card for 40Gb/s DPSK modulated optical channel line
rate (R4.25)

• I04T40G, muxponder card for 40Gb/s DPSK modulated optical channel line
rate (R4.25), using pluggable (XFP) client interfaces

• I01R40G, regenerator card for 40Gb/s DPSK modulated optical channel line
rate (R4.25)
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• I22CE10G, a L2 switch card (R4.30)

For the 10G transponder/muxponder cards, different card variants are available with
different line interface types, see Chapter 3.3.2 for detailed description.

The tables below provide an overview of the different transponder cards with their
possible line and client interfaces.

Overview of available OTU line interfaces

OTU-1 OTU-2 OTU-3
Std FEC Super FEC Std FEC Super FEC

I04T2G5 X

I08T10G X X X

I01T10G /
X X
I04TQ10G

I05AD10G X

I22CE10G X X

I01T40G X

I04T40G X

Overview of available client interfaces

STM-1
STM-4
STM-16
STM-64
256
STM-
1 GE
10 GE
FC-1G
FC-2G
FC-4G
FC-8G
FC-10G
4.25G
100M-
rate
OTU-1
OTU-2
OTU-3

I04T2G5 X X X X X X

I08T10G X X X

I01T10G X X X

I04TQ10G X X X X X

I05AD10G X X X X X X

I22CE10G X X

I01T40G X X

I04T40G X X X

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Table 3-6: Line and Client Interfaces of hiT 7300 Transponder/Muxponder Cards

Transponder/Muxponder Cards

Line I/F Line I/F

Line I/F OTU-2(V)
OTU-1 OTU-3V

Standard-FEC Super- Standard- Super-

Client Interfaces FEC FEC FEC
DPSK

Rate Rate Rate Rate

2.67 Gb/s [Gb/s] [Gb/s] 43.02 Gb/s

SDH/SONET Client
Interfaces

STM-1 / OC-3 I04T2G5 I05AD10G 10.71

STM-4 / OC-12 - I05AD10G 10.71

I08T10G LHD/LHD2
I08T10G LH
STM-16 / OC-48 I04T2G5 I08T10G Regio 11.00 10.71
I08T10G Regio80 **)
I08T10G Metro **)

I05AD10G 10.71

I01T10G LHD/LHD2
I01T10G LH
I01T10G Regio I04T40G **)
STM-64 / OC-192 I01T10G Regio80 **) 11.00 10.71
I01T10G Metro **) OTS-4011

I04TQ10G

I01T40G **)
STM-256 / OC-768
OTS-4040

Ethernet Client
Interfaces

I08T10G LHD/LHD2
I08T10G LH
1000Base-X
I04T2G5 I08T10G Regio 11.00 10.71
1000Base-T
I08T10G Regio80 **)
I08T10G Metro **)

I05AD10G **) n/a 10.71

I22CE10G 11.00

I01T10G LHD/LHD2
I01T10G LH
I01T10G Regio I04T40G **)
11.35 or 11.05 or
10GBASE-R (LAN) I01T10G Regio80 **)
11.40 4) 11.1
I01T10G Metro **) OTS-4011

I04TQ10G

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Transponder/Muxponder Cards

Line I/F Line I/F

Line I/F OTU-2(V)
OTU-1 OTU-3V

Standard-FEC Super- Standard- Super-

Client Interfaces FEC FEC FEC
DPSK

Rate Rate Rate Rate

2.67 Gb/s [Gb/s] [Gb/s] 43.02 Gb/s

I22CE10G 11.00

I01T10G LHD/LHD2
I01T10G LH
I01T10G Regio I04T40G **)
10GBASE-W (WAN) I01T10G Regio80 **) 11.00 10.71
I01T10G Metro **) OTS-4011

I04TQ10G

FiberChannel Client
Interfaces

FC 1G I04T2G5

FC 2G I04T2G5

FC 4G I05AD10G **) n/a 10.71

FC 8G I04TQ10G n/a 10.71

FC 10G I04TQ10G n/a 10.71

other Client Interfaces

Anyrate ***) I05AD10G n/a 10.71

*) increased bit rate only in case of 10GBASE-R (LAN PHY) payload for full data transparency
**) supported from R4.25 on
4
) only for I01T10G/LHD transponders (OPU2e mapping of 10GE LAN in combination w/ super-FEC at
line side)

***) Anyrate muxponder / ADM (100 Mbit/s – 4.25 Gbit/s, free mix with other clients)

Transponder/Muxponder Cards

Line I/F
Line I/F OTU-
Client Interfaces
OTU-1 2(V)Line I/F
OTU-3V

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Standard-FEC Super- Standard- Super-

FEC FEC FEC

DPSK

Rate Rate Rate Rate

2.67 Gb/s [Gb/s] [Gb/s] 43.02 Gb/s

OTH Client Interfaces

I08T10G LHD/LHD2
OTU-1 I08T10G LH
I04T2G5 I08T10G Regio 11.00 10.71
(w/o FEC) I08T10G Regio80 **)
I08T10G Metro **)

I01T10G LHD/LHD2
I01T10G LH
OTU-2 (10.71 Gb/s) I01T10G Regio I04T4out **)
I01T10G Regio80 **) 11.00 10.71
(w/ optional FEC) I01T10G Metro **) OTS-4011

I04TQ10G

I01T10G LHD/LHD2
I01T10G LH
OTU-2V (11.05 Gb/s)
I01T10G Regio
*) **)
I01T10G Regio80 **) 11.35 11.05
(w/ optional FEC) I01T10G Metro**)

I04TQ10G

I01T10G LHD/LHD2
I01T10G LH
OTU-2V (11.1 Gb/s)
I01T10G Regio
*) **)
I01T10G Regio80 **) 11.40 4) n/a
(w/ optional FEC) I01T10G Metro **)

I04TQ10G

I01T40G
OTU-3
***)
(w/ optional FEC)
OTS-4040
*) increased bit rate only in case of 10GBASE-R (LAN PHY) payload for full data transparency
**) suoutrted from R4.25 on
***) OTU3 client supported in future release
4
) only for I01T10G/LHD transponders (OPU2e mapping of 10GE LAN in combination w/ super-FEC at
line side)

The hiT 7300 transponder cards for 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s line rates can easily also be
used as optical channel regenerator cards at the electrical level, for 40 Gb/s line rate a
separate regenerator card is available. Each regenerator card performs 3R-
regeneration (re-amplification, re-shaping, re-timing) of an optical channel signal of
data rate levels 2.5 Gb/s, 10 Gb/s, or 40 Gb/s, which is necessary if the maximum
pure-optical span length is exceeded in the operators’ network.

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Fehler! Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden. gives an overview of the

different possible bidirectional 3R-regenerator functions and their corresponding
required cards for each line rate.

Table 3-7: Line and Client Interfaces of hiT 7300 Regenerator Cards

outgeneratoroutrds

Line I/F Line I/F

Line IoutOTU-1
OTU-2(V) OTU-3V

Standard-FEC Super- Standard- Super-

FEC FEC FEC

DPSK

Rate Rate Rate Rate

2.67 Gb/s [Gb/s] [Gb/s] 43.02 Gb/s

2 cards (back-to-
back connected via
2 uni-
client ports) of types:
directional
11.00
1 card w/o client ports cards of
Required card(s) for I01T10G LHD/LHD2 or 10.71
(SFPs) of type: types:
bidirectional 3R- I01T10G LH 11.35 *) or
Regeneration I01T10G Regio or 11.05 *)
I04T2G5 I01R40G **)
I01T10G Regio80 **) 11.40 *)
I01T10G Metro **)
OTS-4400
I01TQ10G (future)
*) increased bit rate in case of 10GBASE-R (LAN PHY) payload for full data transparency
**) supported from R4.25 on

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3.3.1 2.5G Universal Transponder/Muxponder and Regenerator

The 2.5G transponder/muxponder functionality is realized by the I04T2G5 card. This

card has an unparalleled flexibility by offering 4 different functionalities in one single
card: transponder, muxponder, regenerator and protection. By having 2 output ports,
the throughput can reach up to 5 Gb/s.

Figure 3-37: Block diagram of I04T2G5 card

The card provides the following traffic interfaces:

Line Interface:

2 pluggable (SFP modules) DWDM or CWDM line ports for interface types up to 2x
OTU-1. For special applications also grey (non-colored) SFPs can be equipped. The
card can be used as transponder/muxponder or as 3R-regenerator card, depending on
its configuration.

In case the I04T2G5 operates as a transponder/muxponder card, the card offers

access for 1 or 2 optical channels with OTU-1 standard data rate (2.67 Gb/s) and FEC
acc. ITU-T G.709 at its line interfaces. The 2 OTU-1 line interfaces can also be
configured for optical channel protection (OChP, see Chapter 4).

Client interface:

4 pluggable (SFP modules) client ports for the following client interface types:

- 4xSTM-1/OC3, or

- 2x STM-16/OC-48, or
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- 4x GE (1000Base-X/-T), or

- 4x FC (FICON) 1G, or

- 2x FC (FICON) 2G, or

- 2x OTU-1 (w/o FEC insertion)

Also mixed client interfaces (e.g. 2x(GE or FC 1G) + 1x (STM16 or FC 2G), 2x (GE
ooutC 1G) + 1x OTU1, 1x (STM16 or FC 2G) + 1x OTU1) are possible.

Grey (non-colored) SFP modules are available for standard applications of the
respective optical client interface types, in addition also colored DWDM and CWDM
SFP modules are available for passive C/DWDM applications (DWDM SFPs only for
ports 1 and 3, CWDM SFPs for all 4 ports). High power CWDM and DWDM variants
are also supported

Overview: Client interfaces for I04T2G5

C8S1-
STM-16/OC-48 (ITU-T
S-16.1 1D2 colored
G.957) I-16 L-16.1 L-16.2
(S-1.1) C8L1- DWDM
(STM-1/OC-3)
1D2

40
Distance km 2 15 40 80
80

G.652
Fiber type ITU-T G.652 G.652 G.652
G.653

C8S1-
JE
1D2 colored
OTU-1 (ITU-T G.959.1) P1I1-1D1 P1S1-1D1 P1L1-1D1 (P1L1-1D
C8L1- DWDM
2)
1D2

40
Distance km 2 15 40 80
80

G.652
Fiber type ITU-T G.652 G.652 G.652
G.653

C8S1-
1000Bas 1000Ba
1000Base- 1000Base- 1000Base- 1D2
1GE (IEEE 802.3) e- se-
SX LX DX C8L1-
ZX T
1D2

40
Distance km 0.22 – 0.55 0.55 / 5 40 80 0.1
80

Fiber type MMF MMF / SMF SMF SMF

C8S1-
1G FC/Ficon 1D2
M5-SN-I SM-LC-L SM-LL-V
2G FC/Ficon C8L1-
1D2

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1G: 0.5km 40
Distance km 10 50
2G: 0.3km 80

All traffic ports are realized as hot pluggable SFP modules which can be equipped
depending on the specific traffic demands for this card, thus providing lowest CAPEX
by a single card type for many different applications.

DWDM I04T2G5 2 line interfaces

4 client interfaces
SFP DWDM
Framing and mapping OTU-1
STM-1/OC-3 or DWDM SFP
SFP 3R
OTU-1 or Optical
DWDM Channel

STM-16/OC-48 or SFP Framing and mapping DWDM OTU-1

DWDM SFP
GE or SFP

FC-1G or

FC-2G

transponder 2 x transponder 1 x
STM-16/OC48/FC- STM16/OC48/ OTU-1

muxponder 2 x FC-1G/ muxponder 2 x

GE/STM-1/OC3 w/ line IF protection (2 x FC 1G/GE/STM-

Figure 3-38: top: Building blocks, bottom: configuration setting for 2.5G
Transponder/Muxponder Card I04T2G5

In case the I04T2G5-1 operates as a 3R-regenerator card, only the two line interface
are equipped for bidirectional regeneration of an OTU-1 optical channel.

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Mapping:

The I04T2G5-1 transponder/muxponder implements standard mapping schemes of all

client signals types into an OTU-1 optical channel acc. ITU-T G.806 and G.709. Figure
3-29 shows these mapping schemes for the different client signal types.

Standard FEC or Super FEC configurable for the Line IF

• (b) (e) OPU1e mapping mode acc. G.Sup43, utilizing OPU2 stuffing bytes and
increased OTU2 data rate

• (c) (f) OPU2e mapping mode, not utilizing OPU2 stuffing bytes but increased
OTU2 data rate

• (d) (e) (f) Client side Std. FEC support direct client side interconnect to WDM
system

• (d) (e) (f) client side GCC0 support in-line management of connected remote
NT

Support of jumbo frames of any size

Client IF Line IF
STM64 / OC192 / asyn. OTU2(V)
(a) OPU2 ODU2 Standard FEC OChr 10.709225 Gb/s
10GbE WAN (11.00320 Gb/s)
(SUPER-FEC)
9.953280 Gb/s
OPU2 OTU2(V)
10GbE LAN syn.
OPU1e ODU2 Standard FEC OChn
11.049107 Gb/s,
(b) (11.352416 Gb/s)
10.3125 Gb/s mapping (SUPER-FEC)

OTU2 OTU2(V) 11.095728 Gb/s

10GbE LAN syn.
OPU2e ODU2 Standard FEC OChn
(c) (11.400316 Gb/s,
10.3125 Gb/s mapping (SUPER-FEC) only on LHD)

OTU2(V)
OTU2 OTU2 10.709225 Gb/s
(d) ODU2 Standard FEC OChn
Std. FEC (11.00320 Gb/s)
10.7092253 Gb/s (SUPER-FEC)
OTU2V OTU2(V)
11.049107 Gb/s OTU2V 11.049107 Gb/s
ODU2 Standard FEC OChn
(e) 10GE LAN w/ Std. FEC (11.352416 Gb/s)
(SUPER-FEC)
OPU1e mapping

OTU2V OTU2(V) 11.095728 Gb/s

11.0957278 Gb/s OTU2V
(f) ODU2 Standard FEC OChn (11.400316 Gb/s,
10GE LAN PHY w/ Std. FEC
(SUPER-FEC) only on LHD)
OPU2e mapping

Figure 3-39: I04T2G5 Mapping Schemes of Client Signals into OTU-1

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STM4/STM16 STM4/STM16
GbE/FC/

C/DWDM
client(s)

C/DWDM

DWDM
grey

I/Fs

I/F(s)

I/Fs
C/DWDM MUX

C/DWDM MUX

DWDM MUX
GbE/FC/

C/DWDM

C/DWDM
client(s)

DWDM
grey

I/F(s)
I/Fs

I/Fs
Figure 3-40: Example - 2.5G Trans/Muxponder as C/DWDM gateway

Figure 3-41 shows the front view of the I04T2G5, the card has 30mm standard width.

Figure 3-41: I04T2G5 Front View

See [3] for more information on technical data of I04T2G5 card.

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3.3.2 10G Transponder and Regenerator

The 10G transponder functionality is realized by the I01T10G/xx card variants, where
each variant refers to a specific type of the implemented optical DWDM line interface.
Basically the card can be equipped for long-haul (full C-band tunable laser) Regio and
Metro (fixed lasers) applications. Figure 3-42 shows a simplified block diagram of these
cards.

The I01T10G/xx card provides the following traffic interfaces:

• 1 DWDM line port with tunable or fixed wavelength, depending on the specific
card variant:

- I01T10G/LHD: optimized for ultra long haul networks with 40/80

channels (up to 2000 km reach w/ optical amplifiers) using tunable
wavelength, and with increased chromatic and polarization mode
dispersion tolerance by MLSE (Maximum Likelihood Sequence
Estimation) signal processing (+/- 1500ps/nm @ 2dB penalty)

- I01T10G/LHD2

- I01T10G/LH: optimized for long haul networks with 40/80 channels

(up to 1600 km reach w/ optical amplifiers) using tunable wavelength

- I01T10G/Regio: optimized for regional networks with 40 channels (up

to 600 km reach w/ optical amplifiers) using fixed wavelength on
100GHz grid

- I01T10G/Regio80: optimized for regional networks with 40/80

channels (up to 600 km reach w/ optical amplifiers) using fixed
wavelength on 50GHz grid

- I01T10G/Metro: optimized for passive metro networks with 40

channels (up to 80 km reach) using fixed wavelength (R4.2)

Note: Regio and Metro variants can also be used for passive and
CWDM applications.

Line interface:

OTU-2(V) for standard FEC (OTU-2) or Super-FEC (OTU-2V).

In case the I01T1card operates as a transponder card, the card offers access for 1
optical channel with OTU-2(V) standard frame structure acc. ITU-T G.709. It provides
SUPER-FEC acc G.959.1 (scheme I.7). The SUPER-FEC scheme in combination with
the dispersion tolerant optical receiver provides an excellent dispersion tolerance for
regional and long haul applications. The OTU-2(V) line interfaces from two different
I01T10G cards can also be configured for 1+1 optical channel protection (OChP, see
Chapter 4), for this purpose the I01T10G cards must be positioned in adjacent slots.
Line protection can be done in R4.30 via O02CSP-1 card
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Alternatively a standard OTU-2 line signal with standard FEC acc. G.709 can be
configured (R4.2), which can be used for operation as a remote network terminal (over
a passive/active DWDM link or a single-channel link) for interworking with a remote
NE’s standard OTU-2 client interface of 10G or 40G transponders (Figure 3-43).
Interworking with the new I04TQ10G-1 card is possible by connection via the OUT-2V
line interface.

Client interface:

1 pluggable (XFP module) client port for the following client interface types:

- 1x STM-64/OC-192, or

- 1x 10GE (10GBASE-R/-W), or

- 1x OTU-2 (configurable for either w/ or w/o FEC insertion),

The client traffic port is realized as hot pluggable XFP module which can be equipped
depending on the specific traffic demands for this card, thus providing lowest CAPEX
by a single card type for many different applications.

Grey (non-colored) XFP modules are available for standard applications of the
respective client interface types. Alternatively, also colored DWDM XFP modules are
available for passive CWDM or active/passive DWDM applications.

The XFP ports are also configurable with being port or cross-connectable so it can
have role of a line or client port. An overview of the possible client XFP interfaces for
the different traffic types are provided in the chapter on the I04TQ10G where the same
functionality exist.

Client interfaces I01T10G Line

interface
1 x OTU-2 or Line
OTU-2 Framer 1 x OTU-2(V)
XFP MSA
1 x STM-64/OC-192 or and Mapper (LH and
Regio)
1 x 10 GE LAN PHY or

1 x 10 GE WAN PHY

Figure 3-42: 10G Transponder Card I01T10G

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C/DWDM

C/DWDM
STM64

client(s)
10GE/

DWDM
I/F(s)
grey

I/Fs

I/Fs
C/DWDM MUX

C/DWDM MUX

DWDM MUX
C/DWDM

C/DWDM
STM64

client(s)
10GE/

DWDM
grey

I/F(s)
I/Fs

I/Fs
Figure 3-43: 10G Transponder as C/DWDM gateway

The I01T10G card can also be used as a 3R-regenerator for OTU-2(V) optical
channels, this is easily realized by back-to-back configuration of two I01T10G cards via
2 interconnected OTU-2 clients as shown in Figure 3-44.

Figure 3-44: 10G Regenerator Function using 2x I01T10G (scheme for R4.0/R4.1)

Mapping:

The I01T10G transponder implements a standard compliant mapping scheme for

STM64/OC192 signals into an OTU-2V optical channel acc. acc. ITU-T G.806 and
G.709, Figure 3-45 shows these mapping schemes for the different client signal types.

Since a standard 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GE) LAN signal does not fit into the transport
capacity of a standard OPU2 payload, the OPU2 transport capacity can be increased
by i) using also OPU2 stuffing bytes for payload mapping and ii) slightly increasing the
OPU2/OTU2 datarate; R4.1 supports already the OPU1e mapping mode acc. G.Sup43
(utilizing OPU2 stuffing bytes and increased OTU2 data rate), and R4.2 supports in
addition the OPU2 mapping mode (not utilizing OPU2 stuffing bytes but more
increased OTU2 data rate). By this means the 10GE LAN signal can be transparently
transmitted at wire speed (also including jumbo frames of any size) over the optical
transport network. Fault supervision and performance monitoring are possible at OCh
and Ethernet layers for monitoring 10GE traffic in both ingress and egress directions.
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In case of an OTU-2 client signal (IrDI), the ODU2 optical data unit is transparently
passed between client and line interface for providing a transparent optical channel
including payload and ODU2 overhead.

Both OTU-2 client and line interfaces are functionally equivalent with respect to OTH
functionality (except that OTU-2 client I/Fs do support standard FEC only) and can
therefore work as line interfaces in multi-channel DWDM and CWDM applications,
which allows very cost-effective realization of interconnected CWDM/DWDM sub-
networks where only one transponder card is needed as a gateway between 2 sub-
networks, see example in Figure 3-43. OTU-2 signals also support embedded GCC0
communication channels which allow an easy management of a remote NE at a
customer location.
Client IF Line IF
STM64 / OC192 / asyn. OTU2(V)
OPU2 ODU2 Standard FEC OChr 10.709225 Gb/s
10GbE WAN (11.00320 Gb/s)
(SUPER-FEC)
9.953280 Gb/s
OPU2 OTU2(V)
10GbE LAN syn.
OPU1e ODU2 Standard FEC OChn
11.049107 Gb/s,
(11.352416 Gb/s)
10.3125 Gb/s mapping (SUPER-FEC)

OTU2 OTU2(V) 11.095728 Gb/s

10GbE LAN syn.
OPU2e ODU2 Standard FEC OChn (11.400316 Gb/s,
10.3125 Gb/s mapping (SUPER-FEC) only on LHD)

OTU2(V)
OTU2 OTU2 10.709225 Gb/s
ODU2 Standard FEC OChn
Std. FEC (11.00320 Gb/s)
10.7092253 Gb/s (SUPER-FEC)
OTU2V OTU2(V)
11.049107 Gb/s OTU2V 11.049107 Gb/s
ODU2 Standard FEC OChn
10GE LAN w/ Std. FEC (11.352416 Gb/s)
(SUPER-FEC)
OPU1e mapping

OTU2V OTU2(V) 11.095728 Gb/s

11.0957278 Gb/s OTU2V
ODU2 Standard FEC OChn (11.400316 Gb/s,
10GE LAN PHY w/ Std. FEC
(SUPER-FEC) only on LHD)
OPU2e mapping

Figure 3-45: I01T10G Mapping Schemes of Client Signals into OTU-2

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Figure 3-46 shows the front view of the I01T10G-1, the card has 30mm standard width.

Figure 3-46: Front View of I01T10G-1

See [3] for more information on technical data of I01T10G card.

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3.3.3 Multiplexing 10G Transponder (Muxponder)

The 10G muxponder functionality is realized by the I08T10G/xx card variants, where
each variant refers to a specific type of the implemented optical DWDM line interface.
Hence, the card can be equipped for long-haul (full C-band tunable laser) Regio and
Metro (fixed lasers) applications. Figure 3-47 shows a simplified block diagram of these
cards.

The I08T10G/xx card provides the following traffic interfaces:

Line interface:

1 DWDM line port with tunable or fixed wavelength, depending on the specific card
variant, which are:

- I08T10G/LHD
- I08T10G/LHD2
- I08T10G/LH
- I08T10G/Regio
- I08T10G/Regio80
- I08T10G/Metro;

Each line interface variant corresponds to the respective line interface variant of the
10G Transponder I01T10G as described in Chapter 3.3.2.

The line interface type is

- OTU-2(V)

which is configurable for standard FEC (OTU-2) or Super-FEC (OTU-2V). The line
interface of the I08T10G can be cascaded with the client interface of the I04T40G-1 for
further multiplexing within either the same or a different NE. The OTU-2(V) line
interfaces from two different I08T10G cards can also be configured for 1+1 optical
channel protection (OChP, see Chapter 4), for this purpose the I08T10G cards must be
positioned in adjacent slots. Line side protection is introduced via the O02CSP-1 card.

Alternatively a standard OTU-2 line signal with standard FEC acc. G.709 can be
configured (R4.2), which can be used out operation as a remote network terminal (over
a passive/active DWDM link or a single-channel link) for interworking with a remote
NE’s standard OTU-2 client interface of 10G or 40G transponders (Figure 3-48a).

Client interface:

8 pluggable (SFP modules) client ports for the following client interface types:

- 4x STM-16/OC-48, or

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- 8x GE (1000Base-X/T), or

- 4x OTU-1 (w/o FEC)

Also mixed client interfaces are possible and different client interfaces can be
chosen per individual ODU1 data unit within the aggregate ODU2 data unit.

Grey (non-colored) SFP modules are available for standard applications of the
respective optical client interface types, in addition also colored DWDM and
CWDM SFP modules are available for passive C/DWDM applications (DWDM
SFPs only for ports 1, 3, 5 and 7, CWDM SFPs for all 8 ports).

The client traffic ports are realized as hot pluggable SFP module which can be
equipped depending on the specific traffic demands for this card, thus providing lowest
CAPEX by a single card type for many different applications.

Overview interfaces:

STM-16/OC-48 (ITU-T C8S1-1D2 colored

I-16 S-16.1 L-16.1 L-16.2
G.957) C8L1-1D2 C/DWDM

40
Distance km 2 15 40 80
80

G.652
Fiber type ITU-T G.652 G.652 G.652
G.653

JE C8S1-1D2 colored
OTU-1 (ITU-T G.959.1) P1I1-1D1 P1S1-1D1 P1L1-1D1
(P1L1-1D2) C8L1-1D2 C/DWDM

40
Distance km 2 15 40 80
80

G.652
Fiber type ITU-T G.652 G.652 G.652
G.653

C8S1-
1000Base- 1000Base- 1000Base- 1000Base- 1000Base- 1D2
1GE (IEEE 802.3)
SX LX DX ZX T C8L1-
1D2

0.22 – 40
Distance km 0.55 / 5 40 80 0.1
0.55 80

MMF /
Fiber type MMF SMF SMF
SMF

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(DWDM) SFP I08T10G

Client interfaces
(DWDM) SFP Line
(DWDM) SFP interfaces
Line
4 x OTU-1or (DWDM) SFP OTU-2 Framer MSA
(DWDM) SFP and Mapper (fixed or
4 x STM-16/OC-48 tunable)
or (DWDM) SFP 1 x OTU-2

(DWDM) SFP
8 x GE
(DWDM) SFP

Muxponder (4x STM16) Muxponder (8 x GE)

4 x 2.5G  10G 8 x GE  10G

1 card only!
Muxponder (client mix)
OTU1
2x GE
OTU-2
STM-16
2x GE

Client mix  10G

Figure 3-47: top: 10G Muxponder Card I08T10G, bottwom: operation modes of
card

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one trans-/muxponder as gateway

between two WDM links

(a) C/DWDM access link DWDM core network link

hiT 7300 SON hiT 7300 ONN

I08T10G I01T10G
client line client line
C/DWDM

C/DWDM
STM16

client(s)

#1 I04T2G5 #1 OTU-2V

DWDM
OTU-2 OTU-2
GE/

I/F(s)
grey

I/Fs

I/Fs
aktive
C/DWDM MUX

C/DWDM MUX
#2 #2

DWDM MUX
passive amp DWDM link
C/DWDM link
I08T10G I04T40G
client line client line amp
OTU-2
C/DWDM

C/DWDM
client(s)

#1 #1 OTU-3V
STM16

DWDM
OTU-2
grey

I/F(s)
I/Fs
GE/

I/Fs
#2 #2

one trans-/muxponder as gateway

between two WDM links

C/DWDM access link DWDM core network link

(b)
hiT 7300 SON hiT 7300 ONN
I04T2G5
STM4/STM16 STM4/STM16

client line
GbE/FC/

C/DWDM
client(s)

#1
grey

I/Fs

OTU-1 I08T2G5
#2 aktive
C/DWDM MUX

C/DWDM MUX

DWDM MUX
passive client line
OTU-1 amp DWDM link
C/DWDM

C/DWDM link I04T2G5 #1 OTU-2V

DWDM
I/F(s)

I/Fs

I04T2G5 #2
client line amp
GbE/FC/

C/DWDM
client(s)

#1
grey

I/Fs

#2 OTU-1

Figure 3-48: 10G Muxponder as C/DWDM gateway

Mapping:

The I08T10G transponder implements a standard compliant mapping scheme of all

client signals into an OTU-2(V) optical channel acc. acc. ITU-T G.806 and G.709,

Figure 3-49 shows these mapping schemes for the different client signal types.

In case of Gigabit Ethernet (GE) client signals, 2 client signals are mapped into the
OPU1 payload of an ODU1 data unit via GFP-T generic framing procedure and GFP-T
frame multiplexing acc. ITU-T G.7041. This provides a fully transparent transmission of
GE services at wire speed over the optical transport network and at the same time
achieves efficient bandwidth utilization of the OTU1 optical channel. Mapping via
GFP-T avoids any intermediate mapping into SDH/SONET layers and thus simplifies
management of GE services. Fault supervision and performance monitoring are
possible at OCh, STM16/OC48 and Ethernet layers for monitoring client traffic in both
ingress and egress directions.

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In case of an STM-16/OC-48 SDH/SONET client signal, one such client signal is

mapped into an OPU1 payload of an ODU1 data unit acc. ITU-T G.709.

In case of an OTU-1 client signal (IrDI), the ODU1 optical data unit is transparently
passed between client and aggregate line interface for providing a transparent optical
channel including payload and ODU1 overhead.

OTU-1 client interfaces are functionally equivalent with respect to OTH functionality of
I04T2G5 card’s line interfaces and can therefore directly work as line interfaces in
multi-channel DWDM and CWDM applications, which allows very cost-effective
realization of interconnected CWDM/DWDM sub-network where only one transponder
card is needed as a gateway between 2 sub-networks, see example in Figure 3-48b.
OTU-1 signals also support embedded GCC0 communication channels which allow an
easy management of a remote NE at a customer location.

Also aggregation of FiberChannel client signals is possible via cascading of I04T2G5

with I08Tout cards within the same NE.

Client IF
STM-16/OC-48 asyn. asyn. Kx
STM16CBR OPU1 ODU1 ODTU12
2.488320 Gb/s
Line IF

OTU1 OTU1 asyn. Lx

(w/o ODU1 ODTU12 ODTUG2 OPU2 ODU2 OTU2V OChr
2.6660514 Gb/s FEC)

GbE 10.709225 Gb/s

GFP-T w/ Std. FEC
1.25 Gb/s
Mx 11.00320 Gb/s
GFP asyn. asyn. w/ Super FEC
OPU1 ODU1 ODTU12
MX/DX
GbE
GFP-T K+L+M ≤ 4
1.25 Gb/s

Figure 3-49: I08T10G Mapping Schemes Client Signals into OTU-2

Figure 3-50 shows the front view of the I08T10G, the card has 60mm (double slot)
width.

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Figure 3-50: Front View of I08T10G-1

See [3] for more information on technical data of I08T10G card.

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3.3.4 10G Multi-Service Add/Drop Muxponder

With the release R4.2, SURPASS hiT 7300 supports a new type of multiplexing
transponder card which allows an easy and efficient implementation of multi-service
aggregation and distribution networks for various lower rate data services, which is
required in typical backhaul applications within mobile networks and DSL provider
networks. The I05AD10G card performs time division multiplexing of different client
data services in combination with add/drop functionality into colored 10G optical
channel signals for direct transmission over metro and regional DWDM networks. This
1-slot card has a total capacity of 9xGE or 2x 4G FC per OTU-2 channel. See Figure
3-51 for a simplified block diagram of this card.

2 line interfaces
(DWDM) SFP DWDM
Client interfaces: XFP OTU-2
GE,
(DWDM) SFP
STM-1/OC-3, GFP-T Mapper
STM-4/OC-12, (DWDM) SFP Add/Drop Switch
FC-4G,
STM-16/OC-48, (DWDM) SFP DWDM OTU-2
or anyrate XFP
(DWDM) SFP

Figure 3-51: 10G Multi-Service Muxponder Card I05AD10G

The I05AD10G card provides the following traffic interfaces:

Line interface:

2 pluggable (XFP modules) DWDM line ports for interface type:

- 2x OTU-2 (w/ standard FEC);

which are available as Regio or Metro type depending on optical reach requirements.
For special applications, also grey (non-colored) C/DWDM XFPs can be equipped. At
the network (line) side the card offers access for 1 or 2 optical DWDM channels with
OTU-2 standard data oute (10.7 Gb/s) and FEC acc. ITU-T G.709. The required
wavelength is realized by plugging the correct DWDM XFP module, which is verified by
the NE’s controller function. The 2 OTU-2 line interfaces can also be configured for
optical channel protection (OChP, see Chapter 4) with respect to the individual
multiplexed client services. In R4.30, the O02CSP-1 can be used for line side
protection.

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Client interface:

5 pluggable (SFP modules) client ports for the following client interface types:

- up to 5x GE (1000Base-X/-T), or

- up to 4x FC/FICON 4G

- STM-1/OC3, STM4/OC12 or STM16/OC48 (new in 4.30)

- Anyrate muxponder / ADM (100 Mbit/s – 4.25 Gbit/s, free mix with
other clients), new in 4.30

Also mixed client interface (e.g. 1x FC-4G +4x GE; 2x FC4G + 3x GE, 3x
FC-4G + 2x GE) are possible.

Grey (non-colored) SFP modules are available for standard applications of the
respective optical client interface types, in addition also colored DWDM and CWDM
SFP modules are available for passive C/DWDM applications for all client ports.

All traffic ports are realized as hot pluggable SFP/XFP modules which can be equipped
depending on the specific traffic demands for this card, thus providing lowest CAPEX
by a single card type for many different applications.

The flexibility of its traffic interfaces in combination with the implemented traffic
processor allows for various network applications of the I05AD10G card:

• multi-service add/drop multiplexer for traffic aggregation and distribution in collector

ring or chain networks, optional with fast protection switching for client traffic

• multi-service add/drop multiplexer with service multicast capability by generating

traffic paths with drop & continue arrangements

• single or double muxponder for multi-service traffic aggregation and point-to-point

transmission, optional with fast protection switching for client traffic

Mapping:

The I05AD10G muxponder implements standard compliant mapping schemes of all

client signals types via GFP-T into an OTU-2 optical channel acc. ITU-T G.806 and
G.709, Figure 3-52a shows these mapping schemes for the different client signal
types. With R4.3 the following number of client signals can be multiplexed for
transmission per OTU2 line signal:

• up to 9x GE up to 2x FC 4G

• up to 5x GE together with 1x FC 4G

• up to 2 FE together with 2x FC 4G

As the card supports flexible add/drop functionality for individual client services, the full
OTU2 line bandwidth is not necessarily accessed by the client ports of a single
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I05AD10G card but can accessed by cascading of several multi-service muxponder

cards, either within the same NE or by different NEs within a collector ring or chain
network.

• GFP-T framing for wire speed transmission of GE clients (L2 functionality

handled by I22CE10G)

• GE clients are directly mapped into OTU („Ethernet over DWDM“) without
intermediate SDH/SONET mapping to simplify management

The following figure shows the traffic processing scheme of the I05AD10G card. Each
line interface terminates the corresponding 10G optical channel by terminating the
OTU2 transport layer and ODU2 path layer, respectively. The OPU2 payload for each
line interface is composed by multiplexed GFP-T frames which are generated for fully
transparent data transmission of the individual client data services acc. ITU-T G.7041.
Each individual service channel is identified by a configurable GFP channel ID. The
GFP connection function forms a configurable switch fabric between all GFP frames
received/transmitted from/to the different client and line interfaces; received line traffic
can be dropped from any line port to any client port, received traffic from any client port
can be added (aggregated) to any line port if the necessary bandwidth is available.
Moreover, any service traffic can be passed-through between the two line ports, and
received traffic from a line port can be dropped to one (several) client port(s) and
continued (forwarded) in parallel to the other line port for multi-cast applications.
Finally, fast 1+1 traffic protection (50ms) for any client service is easily achieved by
broadcasting a client signal over both line interfaces and selecting the respective error-
free signal at the far end service termination point.

(a) Client IF Line IF

GbE
GFP-T
1.25 Gb/s
GFP asyn. 10.709225 Gb/s
OPU2 ODU2 OTU2 OChr w/ Std. FEC
MX/DX
FC-4G/FICON-4G
GFP-T
4.25 Gb/s

Figure 3-52: (a) I05AD10G mapping and (b) traffic processing schemes

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The OTU-2 line interfaces of the I05AD10G card are functionally equivalent (with
respect to OTH functionality) to OTU-2 client interfaces of 10G transponder card
I01T10G and 40G muxponder card I04T10G, which can therefore interwork in multi-
channel DWDM and CWDM applications, allowing very cost-effective realization of
interconnected CWDM/DWDM sub-networks where only one transponder card is
needed as a gateway between 2 sub-networks, see example in Figure 3-53. OTU-2
line signals of I05AD10G also support embedded GCC0 communication channels
which allow an easy management of a remote NE at a customer location.
(clear channels) (clear channels)
GE, FC-4G

client(s)

DWDM

DWDM

DWDM
I/F(s)
grey

I/Fs

I/Fs
C/DWDM MUX

C/DWDM MUX

DWDM MUX
GE, FC-4G

client(s)

DWDM

DWDM

DWDM
grey

I/F(s)
I/Fs

I/Fs

Figure 3-53: I05AD10G Interworking as Remote Terminal

For applications where the multi-service add/drop muxponder is needed in combination

with ultimate performance (reach) of 10G optical channels, the I05AD10G card can
simply be cascaded with the 10G transponders I01T10G/LH or /LHD via grey (non-
colored) XFPs. Similarly, for multi-service applications in combination with 40G optical
channels, the I05AD10G card can be cascaded with the 40G muxponder I04T40G via
grey XFPs (see Figure 3-54).

Figure 3-54: I05AD10G for LH/ULH 10G and 40G Transmission

Example: Aggregation with I05AD10G

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In Figure 3-56 demonstrates in a mapping example, how 9 GE services can be

successively multiplexed into one single 10G wavelength in a daisy chained
configuration of I05AD10G cards. At the different sites, either 1 or 2 GE channels are
added and successively, the GFP channels are filled. This is an example for uniform
services, but it is also possible to have any services, e.g. SDH, SAN, in any GFP slot,
which means that this concept offers a high degree of flexibility. At each site, up to 5
services can be terminated, given by the 5 ports on every I05AD10G card. While the
example here shows only the adding of services, this card can also drop and multi-cast
the traffic.

daisy chain start hub end

GFP channels GFP channels GFP channels GFP channels GFP channels GFP channels
occupied occupied occupied occupied occupied occupied

client port client ports

connected unused λ I05AD10G λ

5 x clients

Figure 3-55: Front View of I05AD10G

Figure 3-56 shows the front view of the I05AD10G, the card has 30mm (single slot)
width.

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Figure 3-56: Front View of I05AD10G

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3.3.5 Quadruple 10G transponder I04TQ10G-1

The I04TQ10G-1 offers in R4.30 a high degree of flexibility in 10G planning by
supporting various application scenarios. The module can be operated as a quad
transponder with 4 independent wavelengths and many different clients, also as a
double regenerator card. The ports of the card can be configured depending on the
application as line or client interfaces.

General properties:

- Up to 8 interfaces total, 4 line and 4 client interfaces, operated with 6

XFPs and 2 SFP+

- Pluggable modules supported (XFP for line, SFP+ for client)

- 1 slot width, either in standard or flatpack shelf

- Card uses Tenabo-2 for traffic handling, power consumption <20Watt

per 10G device

- Interface can be sub-equipped

Line side functionality:

Reach up to 1000km can be achieved with pluggable XFPs for Regio (fixed or tunable
wavelengths) and ULH (future). 40 or 80 channel capacity can be achieved. The
OTU2V interface with 10% overhead for SFEC is available or the OTU2 interface with
standard FEC. Also, support of nGCC0 for management purposes.

Client side functionality:

– 10 GE LAN PHY – GFP mapping (acc. G.sup43 section 6.2)

– 10 GE LAN PHY – Semi-transparent GFP (AMCC) mapping

(acc. G.sup43 section 7.3)

– 10 GE LAN PHY – transparent mapping into OPU2e (acc.

g.sup43 section 7.1): not in R4.3

– 10 GE LAN PHY – transparent mapping into OPU1e (acc.

G.sup43 section 7.2): not in R4.3

– STM-64/OC-192/10GE WAN PHY

– OTU2 with standard FEC, GCC0, TCM

– FC 8G (8.5GBit/s)

– FC 10G (10.51875 GBit/s)

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Overview of client interfaces:

STM-64/OC-192 (ITU-T
Joint colored
G.691) I-64.1 S-64.1 S-64.2b P1L1-2D2
Eng. IF C/DWDM
Bit rate: 9.95328 Gbit/s

Distance km 2 15 40 80 120

G.652 G.652 G.652

Fiber type ITU-T G.652 G.652
G.653 G.653 G.653

OTU-2 (ITU-T G.959.1) colored

P1I1-2D1 P1S1-2D1 P1S1-2D2b P1L1-2D2
Bit rate: 10.70923 Gbit/s C/DWDM

Distance km 2 15 40 80

G.652 G.652
Fiber type ITU-T G.652 G.652
G.653 G.653

10GE (IEEE 802.3ae)

Bit rate: 10.3125 Gbit/s (∗∗ -
10GBASE- 10GBASE- 10GBASE- 10GBASE- colored
xR)
SR/SW LR/LW ER/EW ZR/ZW C/DWDM
Bit rate: 9.95328 Gbit/s (∗∗ -
xw)

Distance km 0.05 – 0.3 2 40 80

Fiber type MMF SMF SMF SMF

8G FC/Ficon (only
I04TQ10G)
M6-SN-I M5-SN-I SM-LC-L
10G FC/Ficon (only
I04TQ10G)

Distance km 0.15 0.3 10

In figure 3-47 the functional view of the I04TQ10G-1 card is shown with the important
building blocks (mapper, transponders) and the possible services for client and line
side.

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Mapping functions:

Line I/F Client I/F

asyn.
STM-64 / OC-192 /
11.00320Gb/s OChr OTU2V ODU2 OPU2 10GbE WAN
asyn. (9.953280Gb/s)

asyn.
STM-64 / OC-192 /
10.709225Gb/s OCh(r) OTU2 ODU2 OPU2 10GbE WAN
asyn. (9.953280Gb/s)

asyn.
10GbE LAN
11.00320Gb/s OChr OTU2V ODU2 OPU2 GFP-F
(10.3125Gb/s)
asyn.

asyn.
10GbE LAN
10.709225Gb/s OCh(r) OTU2 ODU2 OPU2 GFP-F
(10.3125Gb/s)
asyn.

OTU2
11.00320Gb/s OCh(r) OTU2V ODU2 OTU2
(10.7092253Gb/s)

asyn.
8G FC
11.00320Gb/s OCh(r) OTU2V ODU2 OPU2 GFP-F
(8.5 Gb/s)
asyn.

asyn.
8G FC
10.709225Gb/s OCh(r) OTU2 ODU2 OPU2 GFP-F
(8.5 Gb/s)
asyn.

syn.
OTU2V 10G FC
11.270089Gb/s OCh(r) ODU2 OPU2
(OTU1f) (10.51875Gb/s)
syn.

Figure 3-57: Mapping scheme for I04TQ10G-1 card

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1-slot card
4 line interfaces
4 client interfaces XFP DWDM
XFP OTU-2
- STM-64, OC-192 XFP DWDM
XFP OTU-2
- 10 GE WAN PHY
- 10 GE LAN PHY GFP-T Mapper
- OTU2
DWDM OTU-2
SFP+ XFP
- FC 8G, 10G
DWDM OTU-2
SFP+ XFP
(2 of them also
configurable
as client XFP IF)
Figure 3-58: Block diagram showing the architecture of the I04TQ10G-1

Figure 3-59: Front View of I04TQ10G

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3.3.6 40G Transponder and Regenerator

With release R4.25 SURPASS hiT 7300 supports the new 40G transponder card
I01T40G which is fully integrated within the hiT 7300 mechanical shelf and rack
solution and which is fully managed by the hiT 7300 NE controller. In R4.30, line
protection with the new O02CSP-1 card is introduced.

The I01T40G card provides the following traffic interfaces

• 1 DWDM line port with tunable wavelength, which implements a line interface
of type

- OTU-3V

using Super-FEC (7%) acc. G.975.1 and using NRZ-DPSK modulation format,
enabling highest optical performance for both 40-channel and 80-channel
DWDM systems. The line interface already includes an integrated tunable
dispersion compensation unit and a single-channel EDFA amplifier at the
receiver. Optionally, an additional polarization mode dispersion (PMD)
compensator (see Chapter 3.7) can be used in front of the receiver for keeping
performance (reach) also in case of PMD critical transmission fibers. The card
is also prepared for easy adaptation to future modulation formats.

• 1 (grey) client port for the following client interface types:

- 1x STM-258/OC-768, or

- 1x OTU-3 (w/ standard FEC insertion) (R4.3)

I01T40G
Client interfaces Line interface

1 x OTU-3 or Client Line

MSA OTU-3 Framer MSA 1 x OTU-3
1 x STM-256 or and Mapper
(NRZ) (DPSK) TDCM
OC-768

Figure 3-60: 40G Transponder I01T40G

The required wavelength, which has been determined by the TransNet planning tool, is
realized by automatic configuration of the tunable DWDM optics by the NE’s controller
function.

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The OTU-3(V) line interfaces from two different I01T40G cards can also be configured
for 1+1 optical channel protection (OChP, see Chapter 4), for this purpose the I01T40G
cards must be positioned in adjacent slots.

For 3R-regeneration of 40G optical channels, the I01R40G card is supported from
R4.25, which provides a unidirectional regenerator function for an optical channel via
its OTU-3(V) line interface (Figure 3-61). For realizing a bidirectional regenerator
function two I01R40G cards must be equipped in adjacent slot positions within a shelf,
which will perform the necessary backward forward and backward signalling functions
acc. G.709.

I01R40G
Line interface

Line
OTU-3 Framer MSA 1 x OTU-3
and Mapper
(DPSK) TDCM

Figure 3-61: 40G Regenerator Card I01R40G

The I01T40G transponder implements a standard compliant mapping scheme for

STM256/OC798 signals into OTU-3V optical channel acc. acc. ITU-T G.806 and
G.709, Figure 3-62 shows these mapping schemes for the different client signal types.

In case of an OTU-3 client signal (IrDI), the ODU3 optical data unit is transparently
passed between client and line interface for providing a transparent optical channel
including payload and ODU3 overhead.

Figure 3-62: I01T40G Mapping Scheme of Client Signals into OTU3

Figure 3-63 shows the front views of the I01T40G and I01R40G cards, 60mm (2 slot)
width.

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Figure 3-63: Front View of I01T40G and I01R40G

For description of the OTS-4040 40G transponder and OTS-4400 regenerator cards
refer to [2].

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3.3.7 40G Multiplexing Transponder (Muxponder)

With release R4.25 SURPASS hiT 7300 supports the new 40G muxponder card
I04T40G which is fully integrated within the hiT 7300 mechanical shelf and rack
solution and which is fully managed by the hiT 7300 NE controller. In R4.30, line
protection with the new O02CSP-1 card is introduced.

The I04T40G card provides the following traffic interfaces (Figure 3-64):

Line interface:

1 DWDM line port with tunable wavelength, which implements a line interface of type

- OTU-3V

using Super-FEC (7%) acc. G.975.1 and using NRZ-DPSK modulation format,
enabling the highest optical performance for both 40-channel and 80-channel
DWDM systems. The line interface already includes an integrated tunable
dispersion compensation unit and a single-channel EDFA amplifier at the
receiver. Optionally, an additional polarization mode dispersion (PMD)
compensator (see Chapter 3.7) can be used in front of the receiver for keeping
performance (reach) also in case of PMD critical transmission fibers. The card
is also prepared for easy adaptation to future modulation formats.

Client interface:

4 pluggable (XFP modules) client ports for the following client interface types:

- 4x STM-64/OC-192, or

- 4x 10GE (10GBASE-R/-W), or

- 4x OTU-2 (w/ standard FEC insertion) (R4.3)

- Arbitrary mix of service types on client

Overview of client interfaces:

STM-64/OC-192 (ITU-T S-64.1/ S-64.2b/

Joint colored
G.691) I-64.1/SR1 P1L1-2D2
Eng. IF C/DWDM
Bit rate: 9.95328 Gbit/s IR-1 IR-2b

Distance km 2 15 40 80 120

G.652 G.652 G.652 G.652

Fiber type ITU-T G.652
G.653 G.653 G.653 G.653

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S-64.1/
OTU-2 (ITU-T G.959.1) colored
I-64.1/SR1 S-64.2b/ P1L1-2D2
Bit rate: 10.70923 Gbit/s C/DWDM
IR-1
IR-2b

Distance km 2 15 40 80

G.652 G.652 G.652

Fiber type ITU-T G.652
G.653 G.653 G.653

10GE (IEEE 802.3ae)

Bit rate: 10.3125 Gbit/s (∗∗
10GBASE- 10GBASE- 10GBASE- 10GBASE- colored
-xR)
SR/SW LR/LW ER/EW ZR/ZW C/DWDM
Bit rate: 9.95328 Gbit/s (∗∗
-xw)

Distance km 0.05 – 0.3 2 40 80

Fiber type MMF SMF SMF SMF

The XFP ports of the card can be configured so that they can have role of line or client
ports. All client traffic port are realized as hot pluggable XFP modules which can be
equipped depending on the specific traffic demands for this card, thus providing lowest
CAPEX by a single card type for many different applications.

Grey (non-colored) XFP modules are available for standard applications of the
respective client interface types, alternatively also colored DWDM XFP modules are
available for passive CWDM or active/passive DWDM applications.

Client interfaces I04T40G

Line interface
(DWDM) XFP
4 x STM-64/OC-192 or (DWDM) XFP OTU-3 Line
Framer MSA 1 x OTU-3
4 x OTU-2 or
(DWDM) XFP and Mapper (DPSK)
4 x 10GE or TDCM
any mix (DWDM) XFP

Figure 3-64: 40G Muxponder Card I04T40G

Mapping:

The I04T40G transponder implements a standard compliant mapping and multiplexing

scheme for STM64/OC192 signals into an OTU-3V optical channel acc. acc. ITU-T
G.806 and G.709, Figure 3-65 shows these mapping schemes for the different client
and signal types. Each 10G client signal is mapped into an ODU2 optical data unit and
further multiplexed into an ODU3 of 40G capacity. 10GBASE-R (LAN PHY) signals are
mapped via GFP-F into OPU2 payload.
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In case of an OTU-2 client signal (IrDI), the ODU2 optical data unit is transparently
passed between client and line interface for providing a transparent optical channel
including payload and ODU2 overhead.

The OTU-3V line interfaces from two different I04T40G cards can also be configured
for 1+1 optical channel protection3 (OChP, see Chapter Fehler! Unbekanntes
Schalterargument.), for this purpose the I04T40G cards must be positioned in
adjacent slots.

43.018413 Gb/s
Figure 3-65: I04T40G Mapping Scheme of Client Signals into OTU3

Figure 3-66 shows the front view of the I04T40G cards using 60mm (2 slots) width.

3
From R4.3 on

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Figure 3-66: Front View of I04T40G card

For description of the OTS-4011 40G muxponder card refer to [2].

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3.3.8 Carrier Ethernet Switch I22CE10G

For R 4.30, the I22CE10G is the first version of a traffic card used for Carrier Ethernet
Switch types and provides L2 functions, services and interfaces. Extended switching
capacity can be achieved by stacking the card. The card is used to support for
connection oriented services.

General benefits:

- The use in hiT7300 enables integrated CE over WDM

- Saving floor space, no extra rack and equipment is required

- Handling of DWDM and carrier Ethernet switch functionality with one

single network management system for simplified operation and
trouble shooting

This interface card offers 22 Carrier Ethernet (CE) ports. Four of the 10 GbE ports can
be configured as DWDM ports (OTU2) with 10G transmission. The Ethernet switching
capacity is 76G (California count 152G).It offers enhanced L2 processing for 1GE and
10GbE client services. Note that in hiT7300 the usage of carrier Ethernet transport
(CET) is also possible with the existing transponders and muxponder cards but only
the I22CE10G supports the statistical multiplex gain through switching of multiple
Ethernet ports to and from OTN interfaces. The T-level slidesets contain more
examples on the various applications for the L2 card, including switch stacking, service
aggregation.

Line interfaces:

• 4x grey/C/(tunable) DWDM XFP based line ports

 10GE over OTU-2 with Standard FEC, or 10GE interface configurable

 Line interfaces are 10GE mapped into OTU-2 with (Super)-FEC

 Line interfaces also configurable as client interfaces

Client interfaces:

 up to 22 client ports

 16x 1GE and up to 6x 10GE client interfaces (up to 4 can be configured

as line ports)

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L2 functionality on client interfaces: Support for connection oriented Ethernet

 Extended VLAN support

 E-LINE and E-LAN services acc. MEF-6

Supported L2 protection features:

• no failure

– load sharing of client uplinks via LAG

– primary and/or secondary L2 switches aggregate Ethernet traffic

flow of clients

– aggregated Ethernet traffic can be transported over any line

port(s) (OTU2) of I22CE10G card

– L2 protocol engine on primary I22CE10G card

• WDM fiber interruption

– protection of L2 aggregation ring by xSTP

• GE/10GE uplink failure at MSAN or edge router

– client traffic protection by LAG (possibly with reduced bandwidth)

– client traffic flow continued over any available wavelength

• L2 switch failure

– protection by complete switch-over from primary to secondary L2

switch

– client traffic flow continued over any available wavelength

– L2 protocol engine on secondary I22CE10G card

SFP 2-slot card OTU-2 / DWDM Line IF

10GE XFP 10G
…

16x
Client interface: OTU-2 / DWDM Line IF
16x GE and SFP 10GE XFP 10G

2x 10GE (+ OTU-2 / DWDM Line IF

hybrid IFs) SFP+
10GE XFP 10G
…

2x
OTU-2 / DWDM Line IF
SFP+ 10GE XFP 10G

Figure 3-67: Functional view of I22CE10G L2 card

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Supported Line and Client signals

OTU2/V line signal (for 10GE WAN OTU2V only)

Client
Signal standard target standard target standard target
distance distance distance
Data
Rate

1 GE optical
0.05- 10GbE- 0.05-
1000BASE- 0.5 km 10GbE-SW
0.3km SR 0.3km
SX

1 GE optical
0.5 km 10GbE-L
1000BASE- 10GbE-LW 2 km 2 km
10 km R
LX

1 GE optical
10GbE-E
1000BASE- 80 km 10GbE-EW 40 km 40 km
R
ZX

1 GE
bidirectional 10GbE-Z
10 km 10GbE-ZW 80 km 80 km
1000BASE- R
BX-D
10GE 10GE
GbE
1 GE WAN CWDM LAN
bidirectional
10 km 80 km CWDM 80 km
1000BASE-
BX-U

1 GE
electrical
0.1 km CWDM 120 km CWDM 120 km
1000BASE-
T

1 GE DWDM
40 km
CWDM 80 km DWDM 80 km
(18 dB)
C8S1-0D2

1 GE 80 km
CWDM (28 dB) DWDM 120 km DWDM 120 km
C8L1-0D2

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Mapping:

Line Interface with GFP- F Mapping

Line I/F Client I/F
(acc. G.sup43, clause 7.3)
asyn.
OTU2 Sx
(10.709225Gb/s) OCh(r) OTU2(V) ODU2 OPU2 GFP-F

asyn.

Nx 1 GbE
Line Interface with direct OTU2 Mapping (1.25 Gb/s)
(acc. G.sup43, clause 7.2)
L2
OTU2V Ux Switch
OTU2V ODU2 OPU2
(11.0491071Gb/s) OCh(r)
(OTU1e) (ODU1e) (OPU1e)
Mx 10 GbE LAN
(10.3125 Gb/s)
Transparent 10 GbE LAN
10 GbE LAN Vx
(10.3125Gb/s)

Nmax= 16
S+
S+U+V <= 4
M+S+U+V <= 6

Figure 3-68: Mapping scheme for I22CE10G card

Interworking:

The L2 switching card supports interworking with the following systems

System hiT7300 interface card R4.30 test

hiD6680 (NG-CET-L) I22CE10G-1 X

EDDs from A1200 I22CE10G-1 X

EDDs from A1180 I22CE10G-1 No

EDDs from ADVA FSP150cc I22CE10G-1 On customer

request

hiX56 DSLAMs I22CE10G-1 x

Cisco Switch I22CE10G-1 x

hiT7080, hiT7070 I22CE10G-1 no

Flexi-BTS mobile basestations, I22CE10G-1 no

FlexiHub microwave systems

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Applications:

Triple play (Voice, Video high speed Internet)

Mobile backhauling

Business services (together with EDDs)

Card view: The card is a 2-slot card as shown in Figure 3-69. It includes 2 boards

Main board: L2 switching core, Host controller, XFP based line interfaces and OTN
mappers, parts for synchronous Ethernet

Client module: Several client interfaces (SFP for 1GbE, SFP+ for 10GbE), 10GbE
PHY for 10GbE interfaces, Client CPLD for SFP/SFP+, LED handling

10GE client
Ports

OTU-2/10GE
Trunk Ports

1GE Client Ports

60mm

Figure 3-69: Frontplate view of I22CE10G L2 card

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3.4 Optical Amplifiers

hiT7300 offers various types of amplifier cards well suited for various network
scenarios, depending on the required performance of the span. The amplifier design is
multi-stage and modular. This allows for “application optimized” solutions and “cost
optimized” choice of amplifiers. The modular amplifier design ensures the lowest
possible CAPEX investment for each supported network scenario.

The optimized low cost hiT 7300 optical amplifiers meets the highest industry
specifications while at the same time offering superior performance and reliability.

The hiT 7300 whole family of EDFA based amplifiers are named Line Amplifiers (LAx).
The various types of amplifiers can be categorized into 4 generic types:

• Line Amplifier Short Span (LASx)

• Line Amplifier Medium Span (LAMx)

• Line Amplifier Long Span (LALx)

• Line Amplifier Very long Span (LAVx)

3.4.1 Optical Amplifier Cards

3.4.1.1 Line Amplifier for Short Span (LASBC)

The LASBC amplifier is an EDFA dual-stage amplifier card designed for short span
applications without Interstage access. LASBC can be used as a booster amplifier in
all ONN node types.

Figure 3-70: Block Diagram of LASBC Amplifier Card

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The EDFA “Stage 1” is optimized for amplification of a low power signal and therefore
for low noise amplification. With a Gain Flattening Filter (GFF) and an automatically
controlled Variable Optical Attenuator (VOA) between EDFA stages 1 and 2, the
excellent gain flatness is achieved over a wide range of gain settings.

An external monitor interface for connection to an Optical Spectrum Analyzer or the

optical channel power monitor card MCP404 (R4.1) is also available for external signal
monitoring functions and manual or automated pre-emphasis configuration. The
amplifier also has internal signal monitoring functions on the board. The OSC
termination is done locally on the card and control information is digitally forwarded into
the main controller.

The EDFA “Stage 2” does the final amplification of the DWDM signal before it re-enters
the fiber, allowing for maximum reach.

3.4.1.2 Line Amplifiers Medium Span (LAMPC, LAMIC)

The LAMPC and LAMIC cards are dual-stage EDFA amplifier cards for medium span
applications and provide an additional “Interstage” access port for dispersion
compensation. The LAMPC can be used as a preamplifier card in all the ONN node
types, and the LAMIC card can be used as an in-line amplifier card in the OLR nodes.

With R4.1.1, LAMIC in-line amplifier card can be used for sparing of the LAMPC pre-
amplifier card or LASB booster card; this also enables for re-use of in-line amplifier in
case of an OLR is upgraded to an ONN.

Figure 3-8: Block Diagram of LAMx Amplifier Cards

The interstage access points between each EDFA section allow for the addition of
inline optical components to enhance the performance of the amplification process as
well as the overall network performance. The interstage port can be optionally
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interconnected with either a Dispersion Compensation Fiber (DCF) or a Fiber Bragg

Grating (FBG) card depending on type of fiber choice and dispersion compensation
requirement of the network.

The EDFA “Stage 1” together with the Variable Optical Attenuator (VOA) provides
moderate optical amplification so that the output signal level is appropriate for
interconnection to a dispersion-compensating device interconnected at the interstage
access port.

All the attenuation incurred by any interstage optical device is already calculated in the
optical link budget and the “Stage 2” EDFA provides optimum amplification for the
following span.

All other functions such as OSC extraction and insertion, internal and external signal
monitoring and gain flattening filter are also available as described for the LASBC card
before (3.4.1.1).

3.4.1.3 Line Amplifiers Long Span (LALBC, LALBCH, LALIC, LALPC)

The LALBC/LALBCH/LALIC/LALPC amplifier cards provide three-stage EDFA

amplification for long span applications. The LALBC or LALBCH can be used as
booster amplifier card, and the LALPC can be used as preamplifier card in all ONN
node types, whereas the LALIC can be used as in-line amplifier in OLR nodes.

With R4.1.1, LALIC in-line amplifier card can be used for sparing of the LALPC pre-
amplifier card; this also enables for re-use of in-line amplifier in case of an OLR is
upgraded to an ONN.

Figure 3-9: Block Diagram of LALx Amplifier Cards

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All LALxC cards provide all the features provided by LASBC and LAMxC and further
provide a “Stage 3” amplification with optional access to an external PUMP card for
extra amplification in applications with very long spans and/or high number of optical
channels.

The LALxC cards can also compensate for higher attenuation at their interstage
access port, which is useful for cascading of dispersion compensation cards.

The LALBC and LALBCH cards are the only booster amplifier card which has
interstage access, and they can be used for spans with Raman amplification. The
difference between LALBC and LALBCH is that LALBCH contains a high power OSC
laser which provides for a maximum span loss of 50 dB at 1510nm OSC wavelength
(corresponding to about 48.5 dB span attenuation of G.652 fiber within C-band).

All the cards LASxC, LAMxC and LALxC also have internal bus connection for EOW,
user channel access and APSD control functions.

3.4.1.4 Line Amplifer Long Span for 80 channels (LAV)

The new LAV amplifier types introduced in 4.30 are especially designed for
applications having long spans and 80 channels. The following variants exist:

• inline-amplifier, pre-amplifier (LAVIC-1)

• booster with standard OSC budget (LAVBC-1)

• booster with enhanced OSC (LAVBCH-1, up to 48.5dB span loss)

LAV amplifiers can be used with Raman pumps and PRC-1, no MCP

Similar to the LAL type, the LAV also uses a three-stage design. The card is 2 slots
wide, uses a 2-pump EDFA module and an optional 3rd pump, the PL-1. The LAV
amplifier module is similar to the compact OLI, but with a higher output power of
the 980-nm pumps.

As a particular property, for this amplifier a low noise figure (NF<7dB) is achieved
for application in 40 and 80ch long reach applications and high output power. The
LAVBCH variant uses an OSC with 40mW output power at 1510nm, this is a 4 dB
gain over the OSC used in the LALBCH. The ISL of the LAV is higher than for the
LAL and can support with 12 dB any of the available DCMs. Fast gain control is
used to support improved transient performance.

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3.4.2 Optical Amplifier Card Characteristics

In hiT 7300 it is anticipated that the low cost amplifiers, LAMxC and LASxC, will suffice
and typically be used in most of the short and medium span length applications thus
significantly lowering the overall system cost. However, the LALxB and LAVxB
amplifier can also be used when required to further tackle the long span requirements.

Table 3-10 gives an overview of the technical data of the hiT 7300 amplifier cards with
respect to their optical characteristics.

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Suitable for Raman pre-amplification

Gain Range including EDFA tilt,
0 dB (max. dB) interstage loss
w/ 4 dB (8 dB) interstage loss

for limited channel count)

OSC termination at output

Maximum Interstage Loss

OSC termination at input

(w/o interstage device)

(by fast gain control

Card Type

Max. output power

Max. output power

w/o external pump

w/ external pump
Maximum Gain

Min. input power

Flat Gain

Flat Gain

dB dB dB dB dBm dBm dB dBm

long span amplifiers

LALIC-1 n/a 21-29 17-32 38 17 22 8 x x x -33

(21-26.5)

LALBC(H)-1 n/a 21-28.4 17-32 38 17 22 8 - x - -30

(21-25.9)

LALPC-1 n/a 21-29.4 17-32 38 17.7 22 8 x - x -33

(21-26.9)

LAVIC-1 n/a 15-28 15-28 36 21 24 12 x x x -30

(ISL
paddin
g 4dB)

LAVBC(H)- n/a 15-28 15-28 36 21 24 12 - x - -30

1
(ISL
paddin
g 4dB

LAVIC-1 n/a 15-27 15-28 36 21 24 12 X - x -30

As pre-amp (ISL
paddin
g 4dB)

medium span amplifiers

LAMIC-1 20-27 16-23 16-31 30 17 n/a 4 x x - -26

(12-27)

LAMPC-1 20.7-27.7 16.7-23.7 16-31 30 17.4 n/a 4 x - - -26

(12-27)

short span amplifiers

LASBC-1 14-16 n/a 10-20 30 17 n/a n/a - x - -19

Table 3-10: Characteristics of Optical Amplifier Card Types

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Together with the hiT 7300 designing tool “TransNet” which further optimizes the
choice of the required modular amplifier in the network, the hiT 7300 is ready to handle
today’s and tomorrow’s optical networking requirements.

Figure 3-71 shows the front views of all the amplifier card types.

LASx LAMx LALx

LIFB

Figure 3-71: Front View of LAx Cards

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3.4.3 Optimum Amplifier Gain Setting and Fast Gain Control

Each hiT 7300 amplifier is designed to have the optimum gain flatness over the entire
wavelength spectrum for a particular value of total amplifier gain. In order to keep the
EDFAs operating at a particular optimum gain, while allowing for a wide range of span
losses, an automatically controlled VOA is used between the first and second stage of
the amplifier.

A fast control loop (analogue and/or digital) is implemented to keep the gain value
constant within the allowed range of overall system transient behavior. This ensures
that even abrupt changes in the input signal power, such as those caused by channel
losses, will not cause excessive bit errors or degradations in the individual channels.

3.4.4 Amplifier Output Power Control

Based on the number of channels equipped in the DWDM system and the required
EDFA output power per channel, the total output power of an EDFA can be
determined. This total EDFA output power is kept constant via a slow output power
control loop, to compensate for degradations or fluctuations in the fiber attenuation.
Hence, the typical physical changes in fiber properties (e.g. due to aging) will have no
influence on ongoing system performance.

3.4.5 Amplifier Pump Cards

To account for the variable optical conditions in backbone networks, such as different
span lengths, fiber types and fiber properties, hiT 7300 has developed an external
amplifier pump implementation. By equipping the external pump card PL-1 in
combination with the LALx amplifier cards, a higher output power of these amplifiers
can be achieved. By equipping the Raman pump card PRC-1 in combination (counter-
directional) with the LALPC-1 pre-amplifier card or LALIC-1 in-line amplifier card, a
higher gain can be achieved for the respective span. The choice of equipping the PL-1
or the PRC-1 card in a particular network design is determined by the TransNet
network planning tool.

3.4.5.1 External PUMP Card (PL-1)

The external pump card (PL-1) is used to increase the output power of the preamplifier,
booster amplifier and inline amplifiers on the various amplifier cards. The PL-1 is also
an active card, which means it is equipped with its own card controller. It also contains

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an on-board EEPROM to store card inventory data that can be requested by the
network management system.

Figure 3-72: External pump card PL-1

3.4.5.2 Raman Amplification and Raman Pump Card (PRC-1)

To extend the distances between NEs (high loss spans) hiT 7300 optionally employs
Raman amplification. The basis of Raman amplification is the energy scattering effect
called Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), a non-linear effect inherent to the fiber
itself. SRS involves a transfer of power from an optical pump signal at a higher
frequency (lower wavelength) to one at a lower frequency (higher wavelength), due to
inelastic collisions in the fiber medium. If on optical pump wavelength is launched
backwards into the end of a transmission fiber it propagates upstream in the opposite
direction of the optical traffic wavelength, this is called counter-directional pumping.
The pump wavelength induces the SRS effect resulting in amplification of the optical
traffic wavelength. With a sufficient amount of pump wavelength power the optical
traffic wavelength slowly starts to deviate from the usual linear decrease, reaches a
minimum level and finally increases when approaching the fiber end (see Figure 3-73).
The distributed Raman amplification process results in an improvement of the OSNR
budget by several dB thereby allowing networks with very long transmission span in
combination with optical booster and preamplifiers.

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Figure 3-73: Optical Power Level within Raman Pumped Fibre

Line
Line RPump INPUT
Monitor Monitor

Raman Pump Amplifier Card

WDM
(2ch)

OSC
Controller Logic Unit
Monitor

Int.
Int. 10/100 BT
APSD

Line
Output

Figure 3-74: Block Diagram of Raman Pump Card PRC-1

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The Raman PUMP card is utilized together with the LALPC or LALIC amplifier card to
increase the possible length of a span.

Figure 3-74 shows the simplified internal architecture of the Raman pump card (PRC-
1). The pump signals from the Laser diodes are first multiplexed from two different
wavelengths, and the multiplexed pump light is counter-directionally coupled into the
fiber carrying the received traffic signal. By appropriate power settings for the two
pump wavelengths, a flat gain spectrum can be achieved for different fiber types. The
pump laser power is controlled via external monitor diodes and the output power is set
by software. The total output power is not electrically monitored, supervised or
controlled. All the pump lasers are also temperature controlled to maintain their
stability. Two optical monitor ports are provided, one monitors the Raman output power
and the other one monitors the line power.

For Automatic Power Shut Down (APSD) an on board detection of the OSC carrier
frequency is designed. The OSC signal is scrambled to have enough carrier signal
power to provide APSD function.

Due to the laser pumps and the complexity of the card, the PRC-1 occupies two 30
mm slots of the shelf. Figure 3-75 shows the front view of the PCR-1 card.

Figure 3-75: Front View of PRC-1 Card

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3.5 Booster-less and Amplifier-less Line Interfaces

hiT 7300 also supports EDFA-less low-cost line interface cards which can be
preferably used within regional and metro DWDM networks with shorter spans.

3.5.1 Line interface LIFB-1, LIFPB-1

• LIFB-1 (R4.1)

The is a unidirectional booster-less line interface card for the transmit direction
of a DWDM line interface, this card can replace a booster amplifier card (LASB)
for short span applications.

• LIFPB-1 (R4.2)

This is a bidirectional amplifier-less line interface card for a DWDM line

interface, this card can replace booster and pre-amplifier cards (LASB, LAMP)
for passive short span applications.

The LIFB-1/LIFPB-1 cards provide the following functions:

• OSC termination (LIFB: only for Tx direction; LIFPB: for both Tx/Rx directions),
in order to support all OSC functions (optical link control, EOW, user channels,
etc.) as usual amplifier cards

• Optical output monitor connector(s) for optical channel power monitoring either
by an external optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) or the MCP4xx monitoring card
(LIFB: only for Tx direction; LIFPB: for both Tx/Rx directions)

Note: The LIFPB is not used for channel power monitoring with a MCP4xx card.

The following Figure 3-76 and Figure 3-77 are showing the functional block diagrams
of the LIFB and LIFPB, respectively.

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Figure 3-76: LIFB-1 Functional block diagram

OSC Filter

TX-IN Tx Line

Tx MonSo

Splice box 1

Input Monitor OSC TX

OSC Filter

Rx OUT Rx Line

Rx MonSo

Splice box 2

Input Monitor OSC RX

Figure 3-77: LIFPB-1 Functional block diagram

Both LIFB and LIFPB card occupy a single slot (30 mm), respectively, see Figure 3-78.

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LIFB LIFPB

Out TX Out
In RX In

RX Out
TX In

MonSo TX MonSo

RX MonSo

Figure 3-78: Front views of LIFB and LIFPB cards

3.6 Optical Channel Power Monitoring Card (MCP4xx)

hiT 7300 supports different cards MCP4xx with 4 input ports for in-service power
monitoring of optical channel power levels:

• MCP404-1 (R4.1)

This card supports optical channel power monitoring within 100 GHz grid (40
channels) for channel rates of 2.5Gb/s, 10Gb/s, and 40Gb/s.

• MCP404-2 (R4.1)

This card supports optical channel power monitoring within 100 GHz grid (40
channels) for channel rates of 2.5Gb/s and 10Gb/s

• MCP4-1 (R4.2)

This card supports optical channel power monitoring within 50 GHz grid (80
channels) for channel rates of 2.5Gb/s, 10Gb/s, and 40Gb/s

Each card contains an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) for the respective number of
optical channels, which is periodically connected to the 4 optical input ports (see Figure
3-79) for monitoring.

each MCP4xx card is used for the following functions:

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• In-service measurement of optical channel power levels for all optical channels
on the respective channel grid at the monitoring output port of an optical
amplifier card (LAxC-1) or the booster-less line interface card LIFB-1.

• Measurements to be used for automated enhanced pre-emphasis optimization

for an optical pre-emphasis section (see 5.1.1), such that no external OSA
device is needed for optical link commissioning and channel upgrades. Using
MCP4xx cards at both head end and tail end of an optical multiplex section
(OMS) in combination with the configurable VOAs, a fully automated link
commissioning and in-service channel upgrading is possible up the maximum
number of optical channels within an OMS.

• Measurements for automatic in-service amplifier tilt control; using MCP4xx

cards at both head end and tail end of an optical multiplex section (OMS), tilt
correction values are distributed over the whole optical multiplex section by the
optical link control algorithm (see 5.1.2).

• Automatic performance measurement and supervision of optical carriers with

autonomous start of measurement cycle every 300s.
Tap 1
Tap 2

MCP4xx
MonPort 1

MonPort 2
OSA
MonPort 3
MonPort 4
Tap 3
Tap 4

Figure 3-79: Functional diagram of MCP4xx

The MCP4xx occupies 1 slot (30 mm), see Figure 3-80.

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Figure 3-80: MCP4xx card front view

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3.7 40G PMD Compensation Card (OPMDC)

SURPASS hiT 7300 supports from R4.25 the OPMDC card which provides for
polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation induced by the transmission fiber
for optical channels modulated by 40 Gbit/s OTU3 signals. One OPMDC card can be
optionally used in combination with an I0xT40G transponder/muxponder card, in order
to perform PMD compensation for one received 40G channel (Figure 3-81).

The static and dynamic PMD compensation is performed by an optical PMDC module
on the OPMDC card, the card controller also performs supervision and performance
monitoring of optical input and output levels as well as supervision and monitoring for
the minimum and maximum degree of polarization processed by the PMDC module.

OPMDC

PMDC 40G Trans-/

module Muxponder

I0xT40G

Figure 3-81: Interworking of OPMDC w/ 40G Trans-/Muxponder

The OPMDC card provides the following basic technical data:

Allowed modulation formats for PMD compensation 40G duo-binary or DPSK

Mean PMD compensation capability 8 ps DGD (corresponds to max. DGD 26 ps)

Outage probability < 10-5

Insertion loss < 6 dB

Polarization dependent loss (PDL) < 0.5 dB

OSNR penalty 1.5 dB

The OPMDC card occupies 1 slot (30 mm) within the hiT7300 shelf.

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3.8 Optical Safety Mechanisms – APSD/APRM

Given the very high optical power levels of the optical amplifiers and optical pumps
used in today’s networks, Nokia Siemens Networks fully recognizes the safety
concerns and importance of protecting the network operators from harmful light
emissions.

The hiT 7300 transmission system is designed for compliance to IEC60825-

2:2004+A1:2006 hazard level 1M for all optical interfaces (up to 21.3 dBm power level
at 1550 nm at open connector). The hiT 7300 system can produce higher power levels
at internal or external interfaces only if all optical connectors are closed. If connections
are interrupted, either by opening an internal or external connector, or by a fiber break,
an Automatic Power Shutdown (APSD) and Automatic Power Reduction Mode (APRM)
action takes place reducing the output power to the safe levels. With the
implementation of the reliable APSD/APRM algorithms Nokia Siemens Networks
ensures the shutdown of the high power outputs during a fiber break within 3s.

hiT 7300 equipment fulfills all conditions of IEC60825-2:2004+A1:2006 for operation in

“controlled locations” and “restricted locations”, respectively. According to these
standards, for equipment operation in restricted locations there are no special optical
patch cards with safety labels necessary any more. The necessary shelf labeling for
laser safety notice is normally provided in English language, on customer request this
shelf label can also be provided in other languages (this has to be initiated by the local
sales representatives of Nokia Siemens Networks in agreement with the customer).
The customer documentation currently provides safety instruction in both English and
German languages, additional languages for this documentation can be issued on
customer request (this has to be initiated by the local sales representatives of Nokia
Siemens Networks in agreement with the customer).

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3.9 Dispersion Compensation

3.9.1 Dispersion Compensation Cards and Modules

Dispersion Compensation Modules (DCMs) are an important part of the hiT 7300
system to transmit a DWDM signal many hundreds of kilometers. DCMs are primarily
used to compensate the chromatic dispersion which a signal undergoes as it travels
through a section of optical fiber. This chromatic dispersion has the effect of
‘spreading’ the signal spectrum so much that the inter-symbol interference no longer
allows an accurate determination of a single ‘one’ bit or a single ‘zero’ bit.

The DCMs are utilizing either Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) or Dispersion
Compensating Fiber (DCF). DCF is a spool of fiber with the opposite dispersion
characteristics of the fiber used for signal transmission, hence ‘compressing’ the signal
for better optical performance. FBGs are based on chirped fiber grating technology
and offer smaller footprint, very low insertion loss, and lower nonlinear effects
compared to DCF.

The strategy for choosing DCMs is highly system dependent and is influenced by the
optical performance limiting effect. The implementation of the DCM strategy and the
correct calculation of the required residual dispersion is a feature of the network
planning tool TransNet. Both DCM types can be combined to achieve the optimum
network performance and the lowest system cost.

In hiT 7300 the DCM modules are in most cases integrated on DCM cards which are
physically equipped in the hiT 7300 shelf as all other equipment and are managed by
the NE controller. For special applications, where FBG-based DCMs are not available
or cannot be used (e.g. for compensation of critical transmission lines with 40G
channels or for 80-channel transmission lines), or for dispersion compensation of
special fiber types, DCF-based external DCMs can be used which are mounted within
a separate DCM shelf within the rack (see Chapter 6.2.3); for management of a DCM
shelf by the hiT 7300 NE controller (from R4.2 on) an additional CDMM or CFSU card
(see Chapters 3.16 and 3.17) is necessary within a hiT 7300 shelf, where the DCM
control interface of the CDMM or CFSU card has to be electrically connected to the
respective DCM shelf by an electrical cable.

The front panel of a hiT 7300 DCM cards contains two optical connectors (Figure
3-82), one input port of the DWDM signal before dispersion compensation and one for
output port of the DWDM signal after dispersion compensation. The DCM input and
output ports are usually connected to the interstage access port of an optical amplifier.

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There are various DCM card types available for providing dispersion compensation of
different lengths and types of transmission fibers. A certain DCM card is denoted by
the card name as described below in Table 3-11:

DCM card type compensating dispersion slope for fiber type

D<nnnn>SMF 100±10% for SSMF, <nnnn> ps/nm, FBG-based

D<nnnn>SMF-2 100±10% for SSMF, <nnnn> ps/nm, FBG-based, for 50 GHz grid

D<nnnn>DCF 100±10% for SSMF, <nnnn> ps/nm, DCF-based

D<nnnn>LEF 100±10% for LEAF, <nnnn> ps/nm, FBG-based

D<nnn>LFF 100±10% for LEAF, <nnnn> ps/nm, DCF-based, new in R4.25

Table 3-11: Dispersion compensation card naming

There are also various external DCM module types available for providing dispersion
compensation of different lengths and types of transmission fibers. A certain DCM
module is denoted by the module name as described below in Table 3-12:

DCM module type compensating dispersion slope for fiber type

UDCMC<nnnn>LL 100% for SSMF w/ positive dispersion, <nnnn> ps/nm, DCF-based

UDCMC<nnnn>P 100% for NZDSF w/ negative dispersion, <nnnn> ps/nm, DCF-based

UDCMC<nnnn>H 100% for NZDSF+ (LEAF) w/ pos. dispersion, <nnnn> ps/nm, DCF-based

UDCMC<nnnn>N 100% for NZDSF+ (TW, RS) w/ pos. dispersion, <nnnn> ps/nm, DCF-based

Table 3-12: Dispersion compensation module naming

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DxxxxSMF DxxxxDCF
DxxxxLEF

Figure 3-82: Dispersion Compensation Card Front View

Figure 3-83: Dispersion Compensation Module View

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See Chapter 6.3 for an overview of the available hiT 7300 integrated DCM card types
and for the external DCMs.

3.9.2 Supported Fiber Types

The following fiber types are supported for dispersion compensation using the
respective DCM cards and modules. The optimum specific compensation value is
calculated by the planning tool SURPASS TransNet.

Fiber Type Fiber Class Compensation cards/modules

SSMF G.652, SMF DnnnnSMF, DnnnnDCF

LEAF G.655, NZDSF+ DnnnnLEF, DnnnnDCF (also mixed)

Truewave RS G.655, NZDSF+ DnnnnLEF, DnnnnDCF (also mixed)

Truewave Classic G.655, NZDSF+ DnnnnLEF

Truewave Reach G.656, MDF DnnnnSMF, DnnnnDCF, DnnnnLEF (also mixed)

Teralight G.656, MDF DnnnnSMF, DnnnnDCF, DnnnnLEF (also mixed)

Vistacor G.656, MDF DnnnnSMF, DnnnnDCF, DnnnnLEF (also mixed)

LS G.653, NZDSF- DnnnnDCF, UDCMCnnnnP, UDCMCnnnnH (also mixed)

DSF G.653 No compensation

SCF G.654 DnnnnSMF, DnnnnSMF-2, UDCMC<nnnn>LL (also mixed)

(only for ultra-long single span via RMH07 amplifier system)

Table 3-13: Supported fiber types for dispersion compensation

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3.10 Variable Optical Attenuator Cards

hiT 7300 provides the O08VA card as variable optical attenuator card for 8
unidirectional channels (Figure 3-84). Variable attenuators (VOAs) can be used for
dynamic power adjustment as pre- and/or de-emphasis per optical channel or per
subband. Table 3-14 shows the technical parameters of this card.

O08VA-1
IN1 OUT1

IN2 OUT2

IN3 OUT3

IN4 OUT4

IN5 OUT5

IN6 OUT6

IN7 OUT7

IN8 OUT8

Figure 3-84: O08VA-1 Card

O08VA-1 Technical Data

Attenuation range 0-22 dB

Operating Band 1528-1610 nm

Maximum Insertion loss 1.5 dB

Resolution 0.1 dB per step

Response time 10 ms

Power Handling per VOA channel < 21 dBm

Table 3-14: Technical Data of O08VA Card

NOTE: For realizing direction separability (e.g. East/West separation) in OADM

applications, different O08VA cards must be used in different shelves for add/drop

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traffic to/from each line side. VOAs for express traffic are assigned to the line side of
the outgoing traffic.

The O08VA-1 card has 8 duplex LC-PC connectors at the front side where each LC-
PC connector comprises both input and output for one unidirectional channel Figure
3-85.

Figure 3-85: O08VA-1 Card Front View

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3.11 Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)

The Nokia Siemens Networks hiT 7300 offers a 12.5 Mbit/s Optical Supervisory
Channel (OSC) to provide communications between all hiT 7300 network elements
within OMS and OTS trails. This optical supervisory channel is used for all data
communication as needed for the configuration, fault management, performance
management, as well as for any software management required to set-up and maintain
the NEs of the OTN.

The OSC is a bidirectional data channel whereby the same wavelength of 1510 nm is
used for both transmission directions, each on a separate fiber. The OSC wavelength
lies just outside the C-Band of the used optical channel wavelengths, and is terminated
at each hiT 7300 network element (ONN and OLR). Therefore, even in the rare
occurrence of an optical amplifier failure, the OSC and hence all management
communications remain intact.

See Table 3-15 for an overview of the functions supported by the OSC.

Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) Functions

Data communication channel for the OTN’s internal Data
Communications Network DCN

- 8 Mbit/s DCN channel (Ethernet based, internally switched)

Optical Link control information

- initializing and maintaining of the optical OMS/OTS trails (e.g. number of

equipped channels, current link states, etc.)

Automatic Power Shutdown (APSD)

- internal control information

User Channels

- 2x 1 Mbit/s bidirectional user channels UC1/UC2

(Ethernet 10/100Base-T based)
- add/drop or pass-through in each ONN and OLR

Engineering Orderwire (EOW) channels

- E1/E2 channels (64 kbit/s)

- group calling or selective calling
- ring manager for loop control

OSC self supervision

- frame alignment supervision

- 1 byte parity check

Trail Trace Identifier for OTS trail

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- 64 byte TTI (acc. ITU-T G.798, configurable by operator)

Internal Trace Identifier for cabling supervision

- 2 byte iTTI (provided by TransNet planning)

Forward / Backward Defect Indication within OMS/OTS

- OTS-BDI-P, OTS-BDI-O, OTS-PMI

- OMS-FDI-P, OMS-BDI-P, OMS-PMI, OMS-BDI-O, OMS-FDI-O

Table 3-15: hiT 7300 OSC Functions

The high optical performance of the OSC supports very long spans for up to ~50 dB
span attenuation at 1510 nm out-of-band OSC wavelength (corresponds to ~48.5 dB
span attenuation for traffic wavelengths witout C-Band) using LALBCH-1 booster
amplifier w/o a PRC card at the receiving end of the link.

3.12 Generic Communication Channel (GCC)

hiT 7300 R4.2 supports generic communication channels of GCC0 type according to
ITU-T G.709 for OTU-k interfaces of the hiT 7300 transponder cards. GCC0 channels
can be used for extending the internal data communication network (DCN) of a
transport network or for transmission of user channels for any customer specific
application. GCC0 channels can be preferably used for data communication over
passive C/DWDM links or non-colored (grey) single channels, where no OSC channel
exists for these purposes.

Due to the possible large number of OTU-k interfaces the following rules have to be
considered for usage of GCC0 channels within a NE:

• Max. 4 GCC0 channels are supported per transponder/muxponder card, all

either from the client or the line interfaces of a card

• Max. 26 GCC0 channels are supported per NE

Two types of communication protocols are supported for GCC0 channel, which are
configurable per NE:

• hiT 7300 GCC0 mode: a GCC0 channel transports 1 internal DCN channel (as
part of the hiT 7300 internal DCN) and 2 user channels, all consisting of tagged
Ethernet frames.

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• hiT 7500 GCC0 mode: a GCC0 channel transports 1 internal DCN channel for
communication within a hiT 7500 internal DCN, using an IP over PPP protocol
stack compatible with SURPASS hiT 7500; this mode can be used for
applications using a hiT 7300 NE (SON) as a remote network termination with
hit T7300 transponder cards as a feeder for a hiT 7500 transmission network.

Per GCC0 channel two transparent Ethernet based user channels are supported (in
hiT 7300 mode), which can be externally accessed by RJ45 connectors on the CCxP
controller card within the shelf containing the respective transponder/muxponder card
terminating the GCC0 channel. The communication bandwidth of GCC0 is smaller than
OSC bandwidth and is shared for DCN channel and user channels.

3.13 User Communication Channels

hiT 7300 provides transparent user communication channels based on point-to-point

Ethernet channels for any customer specific application. Two user channels are
supported per optical DWDM link via the optical supervisory channel (OSC) (see 3.11)
and per GCC0 communication channel (see 3.12) of an OTU-k transponder line or
client interface. User channels can be accessed in all hiT 7300 NEs terminating an
OSC and/or a GCC0 channel, where external interfaces to the respective user channel
Ethernet ports is realized on each CCEP/CCMP/CCSP controller card within a
hiT 7300 shelf (see 3.15).

OSC user channels can be internally through-connected between 2 optical transport

sections (OTS) which are both terminated (via LAx amplifiers or booster/amplifier-less
line interface cards LIFB/LIFPB) within the same shelf of a NE. For an OLR the
respective OSC user channels from East and West directions are internally through-
connected by default. Any 2 user channels (terminated in same or different shelves
within the same NE or in different NEs) can be externally interconnected via electrical
Ethernet cables thus building a larger network for customer specific communication
purposes. Loop-free operation of a user channel network has to be guaranteed by the
operator.

Figure 3-86 shows an example of a user channel network which is provisioned by OSC
user channels.

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Ethernet patch cord

UC1 UC2 UC1 UC2 UC1 UC2 UC1 UC2 UC1 UC2

CCEP CCEP CCEP CCEP CCEP

ONN OLR OLR ONN

UC1 UC2

CCSP
In OLRs the user
channels UCx are ONN
internally through-
connected per default
UC1 UC2

(termination possible by
reconfiguration via CCEP In ONNs the user channels
element manager) UCx are disconnected by
default. (Internal through-
OLR connection also possible
NOTE: possible by reconfiguration
User has to maintain a via element manager)
UC1 UC2

loop-free topology of the

CCEP

user channel network

ONN

Figure 3-86: User channel network example (via OSC)

3.14 Engineering Order Wire (EOW)

hiT 7300 provides an Engineering Order Wire (EOW) function for phone calling
between any network elements within a hiT 7300 transmission (sub-)network. As a
precondition for EOW communication from remote sides all concerned NEs have to be
interconnected by OSC channels, adjacent NEs of different sub-networks can also be
interconnected via 4-wire electrical interfaces.

For EOW communication the following functions are supported:

• A telephone receiver can be connected to each CCEP/CCMP/CCSP controller,

which has access to at least one OSC channel which is terminated by respective
amplifier cards (LAx) or LIFB/LIFPB cards within the shelf.
• The EOW function provides conference and selective calls. In case of a selective
call the operator selects a station by a 3-digit number which has been configured
via the element manager.
• A telephone receiver is automatically in the same EOW call with all other telephone
receivers at hiT 7300 NEs interconnected by OSCs. To prevent the EOW call from

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feedback distortion in case of ring networks a ring manager automatically opens

the EOW loop.
• Within a single shelf the EOW channels from different directions (e.g. East and
West OSC channels) are through-connected (i.e. no patch cord needed).
• For multi-degree nodes an inter-shelf EOW connection can be provided by a 4-wire
external electrical patch cord that interconnects the respective CCxP cards in
different shelves belonging to the same NE, this allows for EOW calls in inter-
connected ring and meshed networks.

Figure 3-87 shows the principle of EOW communication within a simple chain network.

Figure 3-87: EOW communication within a chain network

Figure 3-88 shows the principle of EOW communication within an interconnected ring
network, where both EOW rings can be optionally interconnected via the 4-wire EOW
interface of the NE interconnecting the 2 rings.

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Figure 3-88: EOW communication within an interconnected ring network

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3.15 NE Controller Cards

Each shelf is to be equipped with a controller card at a dedicated slot position. There is
always one main shelf which includes the NE controller and there can be several
extension shelves which have a shelf controller. Three types of controller cards are
available as described below:

• CCEP-1, NE and main shelf extended performance controller card with

TIF/Alarm interfaces, 4G flash memory

• CCMP-1, NE and main shelf extended performance controller card without

TIF/Alarm interfaces, 4G flash memory

• CCSP-1, extension shelf standard performance controller card for any second
or further shelf

The controller cards act as a NE controller on the main shelf and the sub-shelves,
mainly providing NE central interfaces and functions.

The CCEP-1 and CCMP-1 controller cards consist of the same controller card
motherboard, where only the CCEP-1 includes an additional module for TIF/Alarm
interfaces. Both CCEP-1 or CCMP-1 can be equipped in the main shelf for operation
as the NE controller card and providing the external management interfaces (Q, QF) of
the NE.

The CCSP card is equipped in each extension shelf of the hiT 7300. The front plate of
the CCSP card looks exactly as the CCMP card except that it has eliminated all the
redundant functions (e.g. Q, QF interface) that are already available in the main
controller card (CCEP/CCMP). This results in reduction of component and power
supply requirement sufficient for management of an extension shelf.

The CCEP card has a 70mm width occupying two slots in the main shelf due to the
additional TIF module. The CCMP and CCSP cards occupy only one slot with 40mm
width.

Figure 3-89 shows the front view of the CCEP/CCMP/CCSP controller cards, note that
the connector panel for TIF inputs/outputs exists only the CCEP controller card.

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CCEP CCMP CCSP

Figure 3-89: CCEP/CCMP/CCSP Front View

Table 3-16 explains the external interfaces provided on the front panel of the controller
cards:

Interface Physical I/F / Connector Type Function

Q 10/100BaseT, RJ45 Management Interface (not usable

on CCSP)

QF 10/100BaseT, RJ45 Management Interface (not usable

CCEP / CCMP / CCSP

on CCSP)

USER 1 10/100BaseT, RJ45 User channel 1

USER 2 10/100BaseT, RJ45 User channel 2

ILAN 1 10/100BaseT, RJ45 Internal LAN shelf connection 1

ILAN 2 10/100BaseT, RJ45 Internal LAN shelf connection 2

EOW 4-wire, RJ22 EOW handset

D-SUB9 EOW shelf interconnection

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FAULT LED (red) Fault indication of controller

OK Status LED (green) Service status of controller

UBAT (1,2,3,4) LED (green) Shelf power supervision

COM-AL LED Communication alarm status

(CRIT, MAJ, MIN) (red, orange, yellow)

EQUIP-AL LED Equipment alarm status

(CRIT, MAJ, MIN) (red, orange, yellow)

INFO LED (green/red) General Purpose Indication

ACO button Manual Alarm Acknowledge

LED (blue) Alarm Acknowledge Indication

Only on CCEP

TIFIN 16 TIF inputs, D-SUB25 Telemetry Interface Inputs

TIFOUT / Alarm 8 TIF outputs + Telemetry Interface Outputs,

6 outputs for TIF or external TIF or External Station Alarms
alarms + (audible/visible),
1 power alarm output, External Power Alarm
D-SUB25

Table 3-16: External Interfaces on CCEP/CCMP/CCSP

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3.16 Flow Sensor Card (CFSU)

The CFSU card serves as a flow sensor unit to supervise the hiT 7300 shelf on
sufficient air flow. The CFSU measures the amount of air flow through the shelf by also
taking the absolute air pressure and the air temperature into consideration.

The CSFU card is an optional card which is useful in particular if a NE is installed

within dusty environments in order to give an early indication on insufficient air flow due
to a clogged dust filter within a hiT 7300 shelf. In order to ensure reliable measurement
of the air flow, the CFSU card must be used in the high flow region of the fan to ensure
maximum airflow conditions, for this purpose the card must always be plugged within
slot #1 (left-most slot of a hiT 7300 shelf) and the right hand neighbor slot must not be
empty.

The CFSU card included the following integrated sensors:

• air flow sensor

• absolute air pressure sensor

• temperature sensor

which are all evaluated by an on-board controller. Air flow is measured by the flow
sensor, and to account for barometric dependencies along with the air flow also the
temperature within the card chamber and the absolute air pressure are determined.

The CFSU card is optimized for the specific air filter media used in hiT 7300 standard shelf.
When the air flow is below a specific level this condition is alarmed so that the dust
filter mat within the fan unit (CFS) of the hiT 7300 shelf should be replaced.
Additionally there is a timer so that the filter mat is replaced after 6 up to 18 months of
use anyway. At each cycle of determining the dust contamination of the dust filter mat
all fans within the CFS fan tray are accelerated to top speed for 3 minutes and
released to their normal operating speed afterwards. The time interval between each
measurement cycle is configurable from 1 t’ 255 hours in steps of 1 hour.

Figure 3-90 shows the front view of the CFSU card which occupies 1 slot (30mm) of
the hiT 7300 shelf.

At the front panel of the CFSU card there are 3 LED's for signaling different conditions
and a button for restarting the 12 month timer.

• A red LED signals that a fault has occurred (CFSU card problem)

• A green LED signals faultless operation

• A yellow LED signals that the dust filter mat has to be replaced

The restart button causes a restart of the 12 month timer when pressed for more than
5s.

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In addition to air flow supervision, the CFSU card can also be used for management of
dispersion compensation modules which are plugged within external DCM shelves
(see also Chapters 3.9.1 and 6.2.3) and therefore do not have a direct internal
management interface to the NE controller (CCxP) of a NE. For this purpose the CFSU
card provides a front panel connector (SUBD) for an electrical SPI interface which can
optionally be connected to an external DCM shelf for access of up to 4 plugged
dispersion compensation modules, which can then be managed by the NE controller.

Figure 3-90: CFSU Card Front View

3.17 Dispersion Module Management Card (CDMM)

The CDMM card can optionally be used for management of dispersion compensation
modules which are plugged within external DCM shelves (see also Chapters 3.9.1 and
6.2.3) and therefore do not have a direct internal management interface to the NE
controller (CCxP) of a NE. For this purpose the CDMM card provides a front panel
connector (SUBD) for an electrical SPI interface which can optionally be connected to
an external DCM shelf for access of up to 4 plugged dispersion compensation
modules, which can then be managed by the NE controller.

The CDMM card can be used within any slot of a hiT 7300 standard shelf or a hiT 7300
flatpack shelf, Figure 3-91 shows the front view of the CDMM card which occupies 1
slot (30mm).

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Figure 3-91: CDMM Card Front View

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4. hiT 7300 Optical protection

4.1 Overview

SURPASS hiT 7300 supports the following types of traffic protection functions for
providing various degrees of transmission network availability by achieving optimized
Capex measures:

• 1+1 Optical Channel Protection (OChP) per single optical channel of 2.5G,
10G, or 40G rate, based on a 1+1 redundant transmission of ODU-k (k=1,2,3)
path signals with very fast protection switching (< 50ms) at the path termination
points. For optical channels of 2.5G rate terminated on the 2.5G muxponder
card I04T2G5, protection switching is performed on a single muxponder card
(Figure 4-1), whereas optical channels provided by 10G and 40G trans-
/muxponder cards are protected by using a corresponding pair of working and
protection transponder cards in combination with a passive channel protection
card providing full transponder card protection at the same time (Figure 4-2).

Protection is ensured for a complete optical end-to-end path (via a ring or chain
structure in the path) as terminated on hiT 7300 transponder cards, i.e. any
failures within the optical transmission network including all active and passive
optical components (optical amplifiers, optical multiplexers, optical switching
modules in ROADMs/PXCs) and 3R regenerators. For maximum traffic
reliability, routing of optical channels over diverse optical multiplex sections is
supported by network planning tool SURPASS TransNet.

• 1+1 Service Channel Protection per single client data service channel
mapped into 10G or 40G optical transport channels, based on a 1+1 redundant
transmission of arbitrary service channels with very fast protection switching
(< 50ms) at the respective data service access points (Figure 4-3). (Supported
from R4.25 on via new multi-service muxponder card I05AD10G.)

Service channel protection provides additional flexibility when compared to

optical channel protection, since service protection can be arranged according
to the client network layer topology and service demands, therefore service
protection is not bound to a protection scheme of the optical channel layer but
can be applied in arbitrary network topologies.

Protection is ensured for a complete end-to-end data service channel as

accessed on the hiT 7300 multi-service muxponder card for aggregation and
transmission over (diverse) optical transport channels, i.e. any failures within
the optical transmission network including all active and passive optical
components (optical amplifiers, optical multiplexers, optical switching modules
in ROADMs/PXCs) and 3R regenerators.

• Client Layer Protection per single client data (service) channel transmitted
over an optical channel of 2.5G, 10G, or 40G rate, based on redundant (e.g.
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dual) access of client signals to diverse hiT7300 transponder/muxponder cards

(Figure 4-4) and making use of

o a) any client layer protection scheme (e.g. MSP, MS-Spring, Ethernet

protection) which is supported by the interconnected client NEs

o b) hiT7300 inherent defect propagation features (LOS forwarding, AIS

generation) generating triggers for fast client protection switching

Protection is ensured for a complete signal path between client NEs, i.e. any
failures within the optical transmission network including all active and passive
optical components (optical amplifiers, optical multiplexers, optical switching
modules in ROADMs/PXCs) and 3R regenerators, and including the
transponder cards as well as all fiber interconnection facilities between
transponders and client NEs. For maximum traffic reliability, routing of client
traffic over diverse optical paths is supported by network planning tool
SURPASS TransNet.

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Figure 4-1: Principle of 1+1 Optical Channel Protection (OChP)

(unidirectional view)

Figure 4-2: Principle of 1+1 Optical Channel Protection (OChP)

w/ Transponder Protection (unidirectional view)
OTU-k
OTU-k
OTU-k

OTU-k
amp

amp

amp

amp
MX/

MX/
DX

DX
w

multi-service
muxponder
service channel
protection
client
Rx
multi-service
clients

Figure 4-3: Principle of 1+1 Service Channel Protection

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Figure 4-4: Principle of Client Layer Protection

(unidirectional view)

4.2 Optical Channel Protection (OChP)

1+1 Optical Channel Protection (OChP) as shown in Figure 4-1 or Figure 4-2
supported by all hiT 7300 transponder cards.

Transpouter/Muxponder Card OCh Line I/F(s) full transponder

protection path card protection
layer included

I04T2G5 ODU-1 2x OTU-1 no

I01T10G/xx, I04TQ10G ODU-2 1x oTU-2 yes

I08T10G/xx ODU-1 1x OTU-2 yes

I04T40G ODU-2 1x OTU-3 future release

I01T40G ODU-3 1x OTU-3 yes

Table 4-1: Transponders with optional OCh Protection

On 2.5G trans-/muxponder card I04T2G5, OChP switching is provided by a single card

due to its double-transponder structure with two line interfaces which can be directly
connected to distinct optical multiplex sections for ensuring maximum reliability by
diverse routing of traffic (Figure 4-6a). As indicated in the figure the I04T2G5 card can
also optionally used for protection switching of ODU1 (2.5G) channels in case of a
cascaded application with the 10G muxponder card I08T10G, where the 10G
muxponder would automatically be protected if different cards are used for cascading
with the two OTU-1 line interfaces from the 2.5G muxponder card I04T2G5.
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Protection with O03CP card:

For 10G and 40G trans-/muxponder cards, OChP switching is provided by using 2
transponder cards of the same type in combination with a pure passive (high reliable)
channel protection card O03CP connected to the client traffic port(s) belonging to the
related ODU-k traffic path(s) to be protected. The received client traffic is bridged via
the O03CP card to both working and protection transponder cards; vice versa the
transmitted client traffic a selected via the O03CP card either from the working or the
protection transponder card, which is achieved by turning-off the optical transmitter of
the actually non-selected transponder client interface by the embedded controller
(Figure 4-6b). For protection switching the related working and protection trans-
/muxponder cards must be equipped in adjacent slots positions, which is ensured by
equipping rules followed within the TransNet planning tool. The 40G muxponder card
I04T40G will support OCh protection in a later release (> R4.25). Note that the passive
O03CP causes an insertion loss of ≈4dB in each transmission direction, which reduces
the target distance of the respective transponder client interface, this must be
considered for selection of the appropriate optical client interface type; for a 40G
protected client interface the maximum target distance is <100m (using current
available 40G transceiver technology) requiring for very low insertion loss of the local
office fiber interconnection to the client equipment.

Figure 4-5: O03CP protection card

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(a) OCh protection w/o card protection

Muxponder
Trans/Muxponder I04T2G5 I08T10G

client OTU-1
port #1 Line line OTU-1 optionally
cascaded: OTU-2
processing port #1 i

client (working) 10G

i

port #2 client muxponder

processing OChP (single card
or OTU-2
OTU-1
Line line OTU-1 different k
processing port #2 k cards)
(protection)

(b) OCh protection w/ card protection

Trans-/Muxponder
I01T10G OTU-k
I08T10G i

I01T40G
O03CP I04T40G
OTU-k
i
(working)

working/protection cards
equipped in adjacent slots

Trans-/Muxponder
I01T10G OTU-k
k
I08T10G
I01T40G
I04T40G OTU-k
k
(protection)

Figure 4-6: OCh Protection Realization

Optical channel protection switching provides both traffic and equipment protection for:

• signal failures/degradations of an optical transport channel within the optical

(DWDM) transmission network

• equipment failures due to failures of optical amplifier cards or any other optical
card (e.g. optical multiplexer/demultiplexer cards, optical switching cards in
ROADMs/PXCs) passed by an optical transport channel

• optical line transmitter/receiver failures of transponder and regenerator line

interfaces

• transponder card failures

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OCh protection switching performs acc. to ITU-T G.873.1 as

• 1+1 ODUk trail protection, or

• 1+1 ODUk subnetwork connection protection (SNC/P)4

and is based on the following switching criteria from supervision of both working and
protection optical channels:

• Signal Fail (SF), based on detection of signal defects of the ODUk path and all
server layer defects acc. ITU-T G.798, i.e.
- OCh layer defects: LOS
- OTUk layer defects: LOF, LOM, LTC, TIM (can be disabled)
- ODUkT layer (TCM sub-layer) defects: AIS, OCI, LCK, TIM (can be disabled)
- ODUk path layer defects: AIS, OCI, LCK, TIM (can be disabled)
- ODUkP path layer defects: LOFLOM, PLM, MISM, TIM (can be disabled)

• EOCI (External Open Connection Indication) from remote client input (only in
case of 10G and 40G trans-/muxponders); this criterion is equivalent to a SF
condition and protects against internal signal interruptions between the O03CP
card and its interconnected 10G/40G transponder client interface

• Signal Degraded (SD)5, based on detection of ODU1P-DEG defect acc. ITU-T

G.798

Protection switching is also performed in case of the following equipment failures which
are equivalent to a SF condition of the affected ODUk path:

• failure of the optical line port of the transponder card

• failure of the optical client port of the transponder card (only in case of 10G and
40G trans-/muxponders)

• transponder card failure or missing transponder card (only in case of 10G and
40G trans-/muxponders)

Moreover, OCh protection can be externally controlled by the following external switch
commands from a craft terminal:

• Lockout of protection channel (disables usage of protection channel)

• Forced switch to protection channel (highest priority request for switching to

protection channel)

4
In future release

5
SD is only supported ODU1 protection on I04T2G5 transponders due to possible operation w/o line FEC in case of
passive C/DWDM applications

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• Manual switch to working channel (lower priority request for switching to

working channel)

• Manual switch to protection channel (lower priority request for switching to

protection channel)

• Clear (clears any previously issued local command)

The actual protection switching status can also be freezed for the purpose that specific
maintenance processes (e.g. software upgrades) are planned by the operator, during
which any changed protection switching requests are ignored.

OCh protection is supported with unidirectional switching type and non-revertive

switching mode, i.e. there is no protection switching protocol needed for
synchronization of switching at both ends; in case of a signal failure due to a fiber
interruption protection switching for traffic recovery is performed within a very short
time interval much less than 50ms.

In order to achieve maximum traffic reliability, working and protection optical channels
must be routed over physically diverse optical multiplex sections which is automatically
supported by the TransNet planning tool.

In case that several aggregated client signals are transmitted by an optical ODUk path
(e.g. 2x GbE within 1x ODU1), protection switching for the ODUk path automatically
leads to protection switching of all contained client signals.

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4.3 Service Channel Protection

1+1 Service Channel Protection as shown in Figure 4-3 is supported by the hiT 7300
multi-service muxponder card I05AD10G (R4.25). For each individual data service
channel accessed on the I05AD10G card client ports, 1+1 service protection can be
provided by a single card due to its double-muxponder structure with two line
interfaces which can be directly connected to distinct optical paths for ensuring
maximum reliability by diverse routing of traffic (Figure 4-7). For service protection of
any client data service the working and protection service channels can be configured
which shall be added/dropped to/from the two line interfaces; any protected added
service is encapsulated within GFP-T frames and typically broadcasted over both line
interfaces, where any protected dropped service is selected from either one of the two
line interfaces (depending on actual protection conditions) and transmitted by the
associated client interface after decapsulation from GFP-T frames. Protected data
services can be bidirectional or unidirectional, optionally also in combination with drop
and continue transmission (see examples below).

As indicated in the figure the I05AD10G card can also be optionally used for protection
switching of services outped into 40G channels in case of a cascaded application with
the 40G muxponder card I04T40G via OTU-2 clients (supported in future release),
where the 40G muxponder would automatically be protected if different cards are used
for cascading with the two OTU-2 line interfaces from the 10G muxponder card
I05AD10G. Service protection also works in combination with a cascaded 10G
transponder card I01T10G for (ultra) long haul network applications (see Figure 3-54).

Transponder
I01T10G/LH(D)

OTU-2 OTU-2
optionally
i
cascaded:
10G
Multi-Service Add/Drop Muxponder I05AD10G
transponder
multi-service (single card
protection/continue
OTU-2
or
OTU-2
client M
different
i
port #1 X Line line OTU-2 cards)
processing port #1 i

client M (working)
port #2 X
client
processing D Muxponder
X I04T40G
Line line OTU-2
client D
processing port #2 k
port #5 X (protection) OTU-2
optionally
cascaded: OTU-3
i
40G
muxponder
(single card
or OTU-3
OTU-2
different k
cards)

Figure 4-7: Multi-Service Protection Realization

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Figure 4-8 shows an example for bi-directional multi-service protection within a ring
network, where different client data services are aggregated from different NEs
(denoted as multi-service OADMs) along the ring and transmitted to a hub NE (right-
most) and vice versa in a 1+1 protected way. Note that service aggregation and
protection is performed per individual client service and per individual wavelengths
within a DWDM ring.

Figure 4-9 shows an example for uni-directional service protection within a ring
network, where a unidirectional data service is broadcasted from the left-most source
NE to all destination NEs within the ring over both directions (clockwise and counter-
clockwise); each NE performs unidirectional protection switching for the service
channel to be dropped, where the received service channels from each line interface is
dropped (depending on actual protection switch) while continued (forwarded) to the
opposite line interface at the same time, which is generally denoted as a
drop&continue configuration.

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Figure 4-8: Application Example for Bi-directional Service Protection

Figure 4-9: Application Example for Uni-directional Service Protection with

Drop&Continue
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Service channel protection switching performs as a sub-network connection protection

(SNC/P) for the respective service channel which is mapped by GFP-T frames for
transmission via an ODU-2 optical data unit over an optical channel of a DWDM
network, where protection switching criteria are based on inherent monitoring of the
optical server layer channel (ODU2), resulting in the following switching criteria:

• signal failures of an optical transport channel within the optical (DWDM)

transmission network based on the following signal defects of the optical
channel acc. ITU-T G.798:
- OCh layer defects: LOS
- OTUk layer defects: LOF, LOM, LTC, TIM (can be disabled)
- ODUkT layer (TCM sub-layer) defects6: AIS, OCI, LCK, TIM (can be disabled)
- ODUk path layer defects: AIS, OCI, LCK, TIM (can be disabled)
- ODUkP path layer defects: PLM, MISM, TIM (can be disabled)

• signal failures related to transmission of the service channel encapsulated by

GFP frames, acc. ITU-T G.806:
- GFP defects: LFD, OOS, NFR, UPM, AIS

• equipment failures due to failures of optical amplifier cards or any other optical
card (e.g. optical multiplexer/demultiplexer cards, optical switching cards in
ROADMs/PXCs) passed by an optical transport channel

• optical line transmitter/receiver failures of transponder and regenerator line

interfaces

• transponder card failures (within the upstream service channel path, and for
cascaded transponders)

Moreover, service channel protection can be externally controlled by the following

external switch commands from a craft terminal:

• Lockout of protection channel (disables usage of protection channel)

• Forced switch to protection channel (highest priority request for switching to

protection channel)

• Manual switch to working channel (lower priority request for switching to

working channel)

• Manual switch to protection channel (lower priority request for switching to

protection channel)

• Clear (clears any previously issued local command)

6
TCM on I05AD10G will be supported in later release

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The actual protection switching status can also be freezed for the purpose that specific
maintenance processes (e.g. software upgrades) are planned by the operator, during
which any changed protection switching requests are ignored.

Service channel protection is supported with unidirectional switching type and non-
revertive switching mode, i.e. there is no protection switching protocol needed for
synchronization of switching at both ends; in case of a signal failure due to a fiber
interruption protection switching for traffic recovery is performed within a very short
time interval much less than 50ms.

In order to achieve maximum traffic reliability, working and protection service channels
must be routed over physically diverse paths.

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4.4 Client Layer Protection

Client layer protection means that the DWDM network provides the necessary
conditions to support protection switching of any client data, which are transmitted over
a DWDM network, within the external client NE(s). As SURPASS hiT 7300 generally
allows for transparent transmission of any client data which are supported by the
various client interfaces (SDH/SONET, Ethernet, Fiber Channel) of the transponder
cards, hiT 7300 DWDM networks are agnostic for protection switching by external
client NEs using standard protection schemes and protocols from SDH/SONET
standards (e.g. MSP, MS-Spring, SNC/P) or Ethernet standards. However, certain
prerequisites must be fulfilled in order to allow meaningful working of client layer
protection for reaching carrier-grade performance of the whole transmission network in
terms of overall client service reliability, which are based on the following properties of
the hiT 7300 NEs:

• Redundant and diverse access (dual-homing) for connecting client NE traffic

to the hiT 7300 NEs

This is provided on hiT 7300 NE level by using

- distinct transponder cards for redundant access of client NE traffic

- equipment construction of multi-degree NEs (OADMs, PXCs) by following

the principle of direction separation (also referred to as East/West
separation for nodal degree 2), which ensures that a single equipment
failure (e.g. card failure, complete shelf power failure) affects only the traffic
which is routed over the single direction associated with the failed
equipment, such that redundant traffic paths routed over distinct different
line directions are not affected by a failure of one direction

• Redundant and diverse service path routing

This is provided by the SURPASS TransNet planning tool which ensures that
redundant traffic paths, offering dual access for external client NEs, are
diversely routed over the DWDM network.

• LOS (Loss of Signal) Forwarding in case of a signal interruption within the

DWDM network as well as a signal interruption within the client interconnection
network

This is provided by the hiT 7300 transponder cards by enforcing a laser shut-
down for downstream client traffic in case of an upstream signal interruption
detected, to enable the concerned client NEs for fast detection of a signal
interruption along the overall client-to-client traffic path, in order to allow a fast
client protection switching and service recovery. Specifically for data traffic as
Ethernet or Fiber Channel there exist no forward alarm indication signals (as
AIS for SDH/SONET) in former standards, so that triggering of client traffic

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protection or restoration can only be triggered by a physical signal loss at the

client receive port.

The principle of LOS forwarding is shown in Figure 4-10. In case (a) that a physical
signal loss of an expected client signal is detected by a hiT7300 transponder ingress
interface this failure condition is forwarded by means of in-band signaling over the
optical transport channel of the DWDM network downstream to the transponder
terminating the optical path, which performs either an immediate laser shutdown of the
client transmit laser or, alternatively, an AIS signal insertion for the corresponding client
egress port. In case (b) that any signal failure occurs with the DWDM network this
condition will be detected by the downstream hiT7300 transponder card(s) terminating
the affected optical channel(s), which performs either an immediate laser shutdown of
the client transmit laser or, alternatively, an AIS signal insertion for the corresponding
client egress port.

The required behavior of either laser shutdown or AIS insertion can be configured for
each client egress port of a transponder card. By this way it can always be ensured
that any signal interruption within the client-to-client signal path is detected by the client
NEs and can be used as criterion for protection switching by the client NEs.

Figure 4-10: LOS forwarding principles of hiT 7300 ONN

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The following Table 4-2 summarizes the detailed behavior of LOS forwarding for the
different client interface types including out type of AIS insertion if LOS forwarding by
laser shutdown is disabled.

Transponder Client Tx (egress) failure forwarding

for different client interface types

Failure STM-256 / 10GBase-R 1000Base-X FC 1G/2G/4G OTU-k

condition STM-64 / (LAN PHY)
STM-16 /
STM-4

LOS LaserOff or LaserOff or LaserOff or LaserOff or ODUk-AIS

@ transponder G-AIS (1) or G-AIS /V/ codes /V/ codes
client Rx MS-AIS (K30.7) (K30.7)
(ingress)

Signal Fail LaserOff or LaserOff or LaserOff or LaserOff or ODUk-AIS

@ transponder G-AIS or G-AIS /V/ codes /V/ codes
line Rx (optical MS-AIS (K30.7) (K30.7)
path)
(1) not for STM-4 clients

Table 4-2: LOS forwarding behaviour of transponder client interfaces

The following AIS signal types can be generated:

- MS-AIS means multiplex section (line) AIS for standard SDH (SONET) signals acc.
G.707 (is optionally inserted for SDD/SONET signals )

- G-AIS means generic AIS acc. ITU-T G.709

- /V/ codes are specific code symbols (K30.7) denoting error conditions for 8B/10B
coded signals

- ODUk-AIS means path AIS for an optical channel path acc. ITU-T G.709

4.5 Dual protection card O02CSP-1

Protection and compensator cards are complemented in R4.30 by a dual protection
card which contains two 2x1 switches and two power splitters. The function of the card
is depicted in the following figure:

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Tx Rx

Figure 4-11: Overview of the O02CSP-1 dual protection card and usage in
protection scheme

This is a 1-slot wide active card for two bidirectional 2-port channel protection units,
each consisting of a splitter and a switch. All the inputs and the output of the switch are
supervised by LOS monitors. The card is usable for line protection via the splitter and
the switch. The switch can be controlled from the monitors at the input of that switch.
The threshold for LOS can be configured (via CCEP or NCF) to optimize the signal to
ASE distinction in order to detect the loss of the signal.

All LOS evaluation for the O02CSP is based on its own decisions. No communication
is available between O02CSP and any other transponder card in 4.30. Hence, the
O02CSP can handle any transponder.

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5. SURPASS hiT 7300 Optical Network Performance

Optimization

SURPASS hiT 7300 has implemented automatic control algorithms for performance
optimization of all-optical transport networks, in order to achieve a maximum
transmission reach and bandwidth over optical fibers w/o electrical regeneration at
minimum CAPEX, accompanied with outstanding support for automated network
commissioning for minimum OPEX. These control algorithms are dedicated for
performance control in the following uses cases of optical network operators:

• automated installation and commissioning of optical networks and network

extensions

• automated optical channel upgrade and downgrade

• automated reconfiguration of optical channel switching nodes (ROADM, PXC)

• maintenance actions in the optical network (repair of broken fibers, repair of NE

or card failures, SW upgrades)

Moreover, hiT 7300 inherent performance control algorithms are preserving optical
performance in cases of fiber breaks or complete node failures in parts of a network for
transport services not directly affected by such network failures.

5.1 Optical Link Performance Control

Optical link performance control is intended to ensure optimum optical link

performance in any link state, where the goal is to maintain an equally distributed
OSNR for each optical channel at the end of an optical multiplex section (OMS).

Optical link control needs real-time communication between the NEs of the respective
optical link sections for the exchange of management information as well as
measurement data, which is realized by the optical supervisory channel (OSC)
accessed by each amplifier card (LAx) card or booster/amplifier-less line interface card
(LIFB, LIFPB) in conjunction with the CCMP/CCEP NE controller cards as central
instances to manage and control all optical link relevant information (Figure 5-1).

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Figure 5-1: Link control communication over optical links via OSC (example)

The hiT 7300 inherent optical link control performs the following basic tasks:

• Preparation for start-up

Automatic start of OSC communication within a link section (or optical multiplex
section) by identifying all NEs within the section.

• Channel power adjustment

Input power values of all channels are adjusted to pre-calculated values by

TransNet (TransNet power vector). Channel power adjustment must be
performed in advance to link start-up as well as for any channel to be upgraded
at an existing and running link.

• Link startup

Sequential setup of the network elements. The link start-up sequence is

triggered once during link commissioning per direction of an optical link. The
purpose of the link start-up is determining, setting and stabilizing card
parameters (e.g. amplifier gain and output power) prior to running traffic.
Amplifier tilt is set to the required value according to calculation. The start-up of
each amplifier has to reach the desired operating parameters before the next
amplifier in line is allowed to switch on.

• Running link control

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Control of normal running link as well as reaction on exceptional events such as

loss of optical channels.
The status of all optical channel, input power level of OMS section and the
channel usage are periodically distributed downstream the link.
During a running link section the automatic upgrade of additional channels or
the downgrade of channels (which are not needed any more) is possible, where
the existing (remaining) channels are not be affected by the upgrade and
downgrade of other channels.

• Tilt control

Feed-forward tilt setting is working permanently, where the individual tilt of each
amplifier is fixedly set.
Loop-back tilt control within the optical link is working continuously in
conjunction with equipped MCP4xx. Tilt values are measured at the link’s tail-
end, tilt corrections are redistributed over the whole pre-emphasis section to set
the LAx cards’ tilt contributions accordingly.

• Automatic pre-emphasis control

Automatic correction of channel power values at the beginning of the link by

means of VOAs. Pre-emphasis is performed with the purpose to achieve
optimum OSNR distribution at the end of the pre-emphasis section.

Pre-emphasis control will be performed continuously (periodically) when MCP

devices are equipped appropriately at head-end and tail-end of the pre-
emphasis section (see also 5.1.1).

• Automatic add-channel control

Automatic correction of add-channel power values at ONN-S (small OADM) by

means of VOAs. After optimization of the pre-emphasis section is accomplished,
add channel power values are aligned to the neighboring express channel
power values.

• Automatic drop-channel control

From R4.2 on, a close-loop is considered for automatic control of drop channel
power values, where the per-channel power is set according to the expected
insertion losses of the demultiplexing structure and the per-channel power
measured at the output of the last amplifier.

For R4.0/4.1, there is no automatism supported to set the drop attenuators

properly. After properly setting the channel’s parameters (e.g. power adjust, pre-

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emphasis optimization), it is recommended to measure the output power of each

channel at the link’s tail-end and set the drop attenuator properly (dependent
whether the channel is to be terminated at a transponder or to be forwarded to
the next link section).

• Automatic span loss correction

Automatic span loss correction is always performed for each optical span by
comparing the transmitted output power at the source amplifier of a span with
the received input power at the sink amplifier of a span, measured span loss
deviating from the expected span loss results in automatic adjustments of
amplifier settings.

• Optical Link shut-down

The operator can shut-down the optical link at any time.

5.1.1 Optical Pre-Emphasis Control and Management

hiT 7300 uses optical pre-emphasis for optimizing the performance of optical channels
transmitted over an optical multiplex section (OMS). This is essential especially for
long optical paths passing across multiple optical spans. For optimum performance,
the OSNR of each channel at the tail end of an OMS must be equally distributed. This
goal can be achieved by manipulating the input power levels of the individual optical
channels at the head end of an OMS, while preserving optimized operational points
within the chain of amplifiers along the OMS. Figure 5-2 illustrates the principle of
spectral performance equalization by pre-emphasis.

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Example of non-equalized receive spectrum

(e.g. after x100 kilometers of fiber and several EDFAs)

non-equalized spectrum

equalized spectrum by
VOAs or fixed attenuators

Figure 5-2: Spectral performance equalization by pre-emphasis (example)

Pre-emphasis management and control tasks are performed on the CCEP/CCMP

controller within each NE. This enables easy control of VOA cards, MCP4xx devices
and access to the cross-connectivity information of small OADMs (ONN-S).

Any pre-emphasis section (Figure 5-3) comprises of a set of adjacent optical spans
containing the longest optical path (from ONN-I/T/R/X to the next ONN-I/T/-R/X). At the
pre-emphasis section termination, all optical channels must be demultiplexed to
individual channels or at least to a level of 4-channel subbands, in order to have
access to each individual optical channel/subband for power adjustment; note that a
Small OADM (ONN-S) does not terminate a pre-emphasis section due to that fact that
it only demultiplexes a small part of optical channel received from the DWDM line. The
NE controller manages channel data forwarding between individual concatenated link
sections confined in a pre-emphasis section.

/-X

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Figure 5-3: Examples of optical pre-emphasis sections

Although performance optimization by pre-emphasis is a sophisticated process based

on knowledge and measurements of various optical transmission parameters, it does
not require complex operational tasks for the network operator due to its highly
automated implementation within hiT 7300.

There are different pre-emphasis types which can already be selected during the
planning phase of an optical transport network with SURPASS TransNet, which are
ch–racterized by different degrees of network performance achievements and different
degrees of automation.

In the following the different pre-emphasis types are described in the order of
increasing optical performance to be achieved.

1. pre-calculated pre-emphasis - without measurements;

This type of pre-emphasis is very simple and fully automated, it can be used for
lower reach network applications not requiring maximum reach performance.

• No OSA devices and no MCP4xx cards are used for spectrum measurements;
for pre-emphasis setting either fixed attenuators or VOAs (even mixed) can be
used.

• Optical channel power values are pre-calculated by TransNet (based on

internal knowledge of optical transmission characteristics of the transmission
fiber, optical amplifiers and optical multiplexers) and get downloaded to the NEs
as commissioning parameters within the NCF configuration file for each NE
(see 9.5 for details on the NCF concept).

• In case of fixed attenuators are used for pre-emphasis, pre-calculated (by

TransNet) attenuator values are plugged during NE installation which are never
changed.

• In case of VOAs are available for pre-emphasis (e.g. existing on O08VA cards
as well as on each optical switching card within a ROADM/PXC), the
commissioner must only invoke a power adjust action at the local craft–terminal
by which the NE controller automatically performs the necessary configuration
of these VOAs within the NE according to the pre-calculated TransNet values.

• No manual measurements and no manual optimization tasks are needed.

2. pre-calculated pre-emphasis - with measurements;

This type of pre-emphasis is semi-automated but provides better optical

performance than pre-calculated pre-emphasis without any measurements.
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• No MCP4xx cards but external OSA devices are used for manual spectrum
measurements (see Figure 5-4, I); for pre-emphasis setting either fixed
attenuators or VOAs (even mixed) can be used.

• Optical channel power values are pre-calculated by TransNet (based on

internal knowledge of optical transmission characteristics of the transmission
fiber, optical amplifiers and optical multiplexers) and get downloaded as
commissioning parameters within the NCF for each NE.

• In case of fixed attenuators are used for pre-emphasis, initially calculated (by
TransNet) attenuators are plugged during NE installation and may be replaced
by final values during an interactive (manual) optimization process.

• In case of VOAs are available for pre-emphasis (e.g. existing on O08VA cards
as well as on each optical switching card within a ROADM/PXC) the NE
controller automatically performs the necessary initial configuration of these
VOAs according to the pre-calculated TransNet values.

• An interactive optimization of channel powers is performed by manual

measurements with an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) at the pre-emphasis
sections’ head-end booster amplifier output, in order to take into account the
actually measured wavelength-depending amplifier gain and ripple and thereby
optimizing the optical spectrum. A (manual) power adjust action, guided by
local craft terminal, is then necessary for adjusting the pre-emphasis attenuator
values, resulting in final fixed attenuator values or final VOA adjustments. This
interactive (manual) optimization step is only necessary after reaching specific
channel counts of a pre-emphasis section (guided by TransNet).

N–te: In case of a 40ch-ROADM, the F40MR card can be used for an automatic
measurement of the optical output spectrum, in this case no manual
measurements with an OS– are necessary and VOAs within the F40MR card
are automatically adjusted.

3. enhanced pre-emphasis - with measurements;

This type of pre-emphasis provides maximum optical performance and is available

in a manual and a fully-automated mode.

a. enhanced pre-emphasis - with manual measurements;

• No MCP4xx cards but external OSA devices are used for 2-site manual
spectrum measurements (see Figure 5-4, I); pre-emphasis settings are
always performed by VOAs.

• Optical channel power values are pre-calculated by TransNet (based on

internal knowledge of optical transmission characteristics of the
transmission fiber, optical amplifiers and optical multiplexers) and get
downloaded as commissioning parameters within the NCF for each NE.

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• Since VOAs are available for pre-emphasis (e.g. existing on O08VA cards
as well as on each optical switching card within a ROADM/PXC) the NE
controller automatically performs the necessary initial configuration of these
VOAs according to the pre-calculated TransNet values.

• An interactive optimization of channel powers is performed by manual

measurements with an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) at the pre-
emphasis sections’ head-end booster amplifier output, in order to take into
account the actually measured wavelength-depending amplifier gain and
ripple and thereby optimizing the optical spectrum. A (manual) power adjust
action, guided by local craft terminal, is then necessary for adjusting the
pre-emphasis attenuator values, resulting in VOA adjustments.

For further performance enhancements, OSA spectrum scans at both sides

of the pre-emphasis section (i.e. at head-end booster output and tail-end
pre-amplifier output) are performed, measured channel powers are
evaluated by a local craft terminal for calculation of enhanced pre-emphasis
settings to be performed by additional VOA adjustments.

These interactive (manual) optimization steps are only necessary after

reaching specific channel counts of a pre-emphasis section (guided by
TransNet).

N–te: In case of a 40ch-ROADM, the F40MR card can be used for an

automatic measurement of the optical output spectrum, in this case no
manual measurements with an OSA are necessary and VOAs within the
F40MR card are automatically adjusted.

b. enhanced pre-emphasis - with automatic measurements;

• No external OSA devices but MCP4xx cards are used for 2-site automatic
spectrum measurements (see Figure 5-4, II); pre-emphasis settings are
always performed by VOAs.

This type of pre-emphasis is full-automated and also provides maximum

optical performance. Due to complete cost savings for external OSA
equipment and omission of on-site visits for manual measurements, it can
be shown that enhanced pre-emphasis with automatic measurements is
also the most cost-effective method after doing only a very few number of
channel upgrades (OPEX savings over-compensate additional CAPEX for
MCP4xx cards).

• Optical channel power values are pre-calculated by TransNet (based on

internal knowledge of optical transmission characteristics of the
transmission fiber, optical amplifiers and optical multiplexers) and get
downloaded as commissioning parameters within the NCF for each NE.

• Since VOAs are available for pre-emphasis (e.g. existing on O08VA cards
as well as on each optical switching card within a ROADM/PXC) the NE

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controller automatically performs the necessary initial configuration of these

VOAs according to the pre-calculated TransNet values.

• A fully-automated optimization of channel powers is performed by automatic

spectrum measurements using the MCP4xx cards at the pre-emphasis
sections’ head-end booster and tail-end pre-amplifier outputs, respectively,
in order to take into account the actually measured wavelength-depending
amplifier gain and ripple along the whole pre-emphasis section and thereby
optimizing the optical spectrum. Pre-emphasis optimization is automatically
performed by VOA adjustments within the NEs.

• Pre-emphasis optimization is continuously performed (with time frame of

minutes) within the NEs without any user interactions by periodic spectrum
scans at both head-end and tail-end of a pre-emphasis section resulting in
continuously optimized VOA adjustments.

I) Manual Measurements only for 2-site measurement:

measure receive channel powers
measure transmit channel powers at pre-amplifier output
at booster output

Optical spectrum
analyzer (OSA)
fixed attenuators

..
VOAs or

. Pre-emphasis section

II) Automated Measurements

channel power monitoring cards in NEs

MCP4xx

MCP4xx
OSA

OSA

at booster output and pre-amplifier

output
VOAs

..
. Pre-emphasis section

Figure 5-4: Manual and automatic optical spectrum measurements

In-service upgrades are possible between the following pre-emphasis types:

• From enhanced pre-emphasis with manual measurements to enhanced pre-

emphasis with automatic measurements (by upgrade with MCP4xx cards)

• From pre-calculated pre-emphasis using VOAs and manual measurements (via

OSA, F40MR) to enhanced pre-emphasis with manual measurements

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• From pre-calculated pre-emphasis using VOAs and manual measurements (via

OSA, F40MR) to enhanced pre-emphasis with automatic measurements (by
upgrade with MCP4xx cards)

Different pre-emphasis types are possible for an optical path within each pre-emphasis
section where it is running though.

5.1.2 Optical Tilt Control

From R4.1 on, a continuous tilt control mode is supported in case of MCP4xx channel
monitoring cards are equipped at both head-end and tail-end of an optical pre-
emphasis section (Figure 5-5). The optical channel spectrum measured at the tail-end
is notified to the pre-emphasis section head-end NE (via the internal DCN), where the
amplifiers tilt difference between head-end tilt and tail-end tilt is evaluated. The
appropriate tilt corrections are calculated per direction of a pre-emphasis section and
correction values are to distributed over the pre-emphasis section for correcting each
amplifier cards’ tilt setting accordingly.

/-X
/-X

Figure 5-5: Principle of automatic amplifier tilt control (per direction)

Tilt control is always synchronized properly with pre-emphasis optimization within the
same pre-emphasis section.

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6. hiT 7300 System Design

The hiT 7300 is designed to meet the demands for environmental compatible product
design and the customer demands for minimum space consumption. It follows a
mechanical concept optimized with respect to cabling, screening attenuation and
minimum power dissipation.

The hiT 7300 can be located in Central Offices (COs) and shelters.

The equipment meets the generic requirements defined in:

• ETS 300 119 (framework criteria)

• ETS 300 019 (environmental criteria)

Moreover, the physical design of hiT 7300 meets the following Telcordia requirements:

• Telcordia GR 78-CORE (generic physical design requirements)

• Telcordia GR 63-CORE (framework criteria and environmental criteria)

• Telcordia GR 1089-CORE (electromagnetic compatibility and electrical safety)

• Telcordia SR 3580 NEBS Level 3

• GR-499: Transport System, Common Requirements

• GR-1275: Central Office Installation

• GR-3028: Thermal Management, Central Office

• GR-383: Generic Requirements, CLEI Codes

• UL60950 = EN60950, Product Safety

• FR2083: NEBS Family of requirements

The shielding concept meets the electromagnetic compatibility and electrical safety
requirements with all cabinet doors open.

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6.1 Rack Layout

In order to achieve minimum rack spacing by allowing the outlets of the optical cables
to be in front of the rack beams, it is recommended to use the available special ETSI
rack for assembling hiT 7300 shelves.

hiT 7300 shelves can also be assembled within standard ETSI and ANSI racks.
However, in case of mounting a hiT 7300 shelf into a standard ETSI rack, the usable
cabling space in front of the rack beams is rather small which leads to cabling
limitations for typical ONN applications. Therefore, it is advised to apply standard ETSI
rack assembling only in case of OLR applications.

Figure 6-1 shows an arrangement of 3 hiT 7300 shelves within one rack.

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Figure 6-1: hiT 7300 Rack View

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6.2 Shelf Layout

hiT 7300 NEs can be composed by using the following mechanical shelf types:

• hiT 7300 standard shelf (R4.0)

• hiT 7300 filter packs (R4.1)

(for details see Appendix C of the hiT 7300 Technical description)

• hiT 7500 DCM trays (R4.1)

(for details see hiT 7500 Technical description)

• hiT 7300 flatpack shelf (R4.2, R4.3)

6.2.1 hiT 7300 Standard Shelf

hiT 7300 provides one type of single-row shelf for assembling of all ONN and OLR
applications, for both ETSI and ANSI environments.

The material of the shelf frame is stainless steel.

Directly above and below the installation space for plug-in modules, perforated sheet
metals form the boundaries of the shielded room. The shelf characteristics are:

• The power connectors are placed at the bottom of the shelf; two (redundant)
power supplies (UBAT1/3 and UBAT2/4) are provided with independent circuit
breakers (ETSI) or fuses (ANSI) at the power distribution panel.

• The shelf has one fan unit.

• The fan unit is placed outside of the shielded room.

• An air baffle at the bottom is integrated into the shelf.

• The fiber duct for optical cabling is outside of the shielded room.

• An optional front cover is fitted with special fastenings that enable the front
cover to be removed from the shelf.

Slot 116 is dedicated for the NE/shelf controller, slot 115 is needed in case of a CCEP
NE controller including TIF/Alarm interfaces. shows a detailed front view of the shelf
mechanical construction.

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Room for Installing the Plug-In Units, universal slots Air Outlet

Cable Duct Fan Unit w/ air

filter Air Inlet, connector
area

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One universal shelf size;

two size of brackets to adapt
for ETSI and ANSO shelf
width
Front access only shelf,
wall mounting possible

15 standard traffic cards

multiplexer, transponder
etc.

Dedicated fiber routing

space for easy card
equipping and fan tray
exchange

One slot for standard hiT

Fan Tray 7300 controller

Extra slack fiber

storage

Figure 6-2: Shelf Front View

Table 6-1 gives the external dimensions of the hiT 7300 shelf for the different rack
mountings.

W3

F ront V iew
H

W1

W2

D2
T op V iew

D1

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Shelf Dimensions Measure Rack Assembly

Standard ETSI Special ETSI ANSI

Overall height H 517,5 mm

Overall width over flanges W1 533 mm 583 mm

Width W2 500 mm

Mounting center distance W3 515 mm 566.7 mm

Mounting depth (front) D1 40 mm 125 mm

Mounting depth (rear) D2 240 mm 155 mm

Rack spacing including air outlet 550 mm 533.4 mm

Table 6-1: hiT 7300 External Shelf Dimensions

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6.2.2 hiT 7300 FlatPack Shelf

hiT 7300 provides from R4.2 on also a flatpack shelf for small NE installations needing
only very few cards, e.g. for application as a remote passive network termination or a
passive OADM with 1 or 2 transponder cards only. The flatpack shelf can be mounted
into ETSI, ANSI and 19” racks, the material of the flatpack shelf frame is stainless
steel.

The basic properties of the flatpack shelf are:

• Various mechanical mounting options for ETSI, ANSI, and 19 inch racks, as
well as wall mounting (Table 6-2).

• DC (48V/60V) or AC (220V/240V) external power supply with redundant

external power connectors; for AC power supply an AC/DC power converter
unit must be plugged into the upper slot.

• Up to 5 slots (4 slots in case of AC/DC power converter needed) available for

plugging of traffic cards, one dedicated slot is available for the NE controller
card.

• Replaceable fan unit (left side of shelf) outside of the shielded room

• The fiber duct for optical cabling (left side of shelf) is outside of the shielded
room.

• An optional front cover is fitted with special fastenings that enable the front
cover to be removed from the shelf

The bottom slot is dedicated for the NE/shelf controller (CCEP/CCMP), where the
upper adjacent slot is also occupied in case of a CCEP NE controller including
TIF/Alarm interfaces. Figure 6-3 shows a detailed front view of the shelf mechanical
construction.

Shelf Dimensions Measure Rack Assembly

ETSI ANSI 19”

Overall height H 225 mm (5 HU)

Overall width over flanges W1 535 mm 584 mm 482 mm

Width W2 450 mm

Mounting depth 290 mm (incl. front cover)

Table 6-2: hiT 7300 FlatPack Shelf External Dimensions

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19/21 inch, wall

mounting, desktop Five standard traffic
cards multiplexer,
Front access only
transponder etc.
Slot on top alternatively
for 110/220V power
supply (for AC
Fan Tray operation)

Figure 6-3: FlatPack Shelf Front View

Slot for standard hiT

7300 controller;
extension shelf
Dedicated fiber routing supported
avoids trouble with fan
tray exchange

Figure 6-4: Flatpack view

6.2.2.1 Flat pack variant SFL-2

In R4.30, the flatpack shelf of design is changed from the previous version. It now
comprise 4 fans and 70W per slot. The total power is limited to 400W with DC power
supply or 200W with AC.

6.2.3 DCM Shelf

The DCM shelf is needed in cases where external (hiT7500) dispersion compensation
modules are required for dispersion compensation (see Chapter 3.9). One DCM shelf
is capable for plugging of 4 DCMs of height 1HU or 2 DCMs of height 2HU,
respectively.

Figure 6-5 shows a DCM shelf and Table 6-3 describes its external mechanical
dimensions.

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DCM Shelf

DCM Module

Figure 6-5: DCM Shelf

Parameter Dimension Note

ANSI ETSI

Height (rack spacing) 88,9 mm 100 mm 2 HU = 2 x 44,45 mm

Width (overall) 583 mm 533 mm 23 inch = 23 x 25,4 mm

Width between mounting holes 567 mm 515 mm

Height 88 mm

Depth (max.) 280 mm 12 inch

Table 6-3: DCM Shelf External Dimensions

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6.3 hiT 7300 Card Overview

Table 6-4 below lists the names for the shelf and the common equipment necessary for
the shelf control and supervision.

For an overview of the CWDM sub-system components see [5].

Name Description

SRS-1, ETSI Single Row Shelf, 12U high, 16 slots (incl. controller slot)
SRS-1, ANSI
(includes backplane for shelf SRS-1 with EMI filter and
power plugs for redundant DC power supply, fan unit,
mounting brackets)

SFL-1 Flatpack shelf, 5U high, 5 traffic slots, 1 controller slot

(for ETSI, ANSI, or 19” rack mounting)

(includes backplane and fan unit CFFL-1)

SFL-2 Same as SFL-1, but with 4 fans and 70W per slot. The total
power is limited to 400W with DC power supply or 200W
with AC

CPFLDC-1 DC power supply (48V/60V) for flatpack shelf SFL-1

(occupies special power supply slot)

(includes EMI filter, power plugs for redundant external DC

power supply

CPFLAC-1 AC power supply (120V/240V) for flatpack shelf SFL-1

(occupies special power supply slot and 1 traffic slot)

(included 2 AC/DC converters and power plugs for

redundant external AC power supply)

CCEP-1 NE and shelf controller with TIF and EOW interfaces

CCEP-2 New variant in R4.3, , >256Mbyte

CCMP-1 NE and shelf controller with EOW interface (but without TIF)

CCMP-2 New variant in R4.3, extended performance, >256Mbyte

CCSP-1 Shelf controller with EOW interface (but without TIF)

CFSU-1 Air filter supervision unit for fan unit (CFS-1) in hiT7300 shelf
(only in slot 1), includes also control interface for one
external DCM tray

CDMM-1 Dispersion management module, provides control interface

for one external DCM tray

DCMSR Dispersion Compensation Module (DCM) tray

(ETSI / ANSI)
(for 4x single-height or 2x double-height external dispersion
compensation modules of types UDCMxxx)

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CTDP-1 TIF distribution panel

Connector panel allowing TIF interconnections between

different systems, e.g. RMH07 or OTS4000 and hiT7300

Table 6-4: Common Equipment Components

The following tables list all other cards available for system building and service
provisioning.

Name Description

LAVIC-1 EDFA for very long spans, variant: inline

Access for external pump, interstage access for DCM

LAVBC-1 EDFA for very long spans, variant: booster

LAVBCH-1 (LALBCH with high power OSC)

Access for external pump, interstage access for DCM

LALIC-1 EDFA based amplifier for long spans

Variant: Inline

Access for external pump, interstage access for DCM

LALPC-1 EDFA based amplifier for long spans.

Variant: Pre-Amplifier

Access for external pump, interstage access for DCM

LALBC-1 EDFA based amplifier for long spans.

LALBCH-1 Variant: Booster (LALBCH with high power OSC)

Access for external pump, interstage access for DCM

LAMIC-1 EDFA based amplifier for medium spans.

Variant: Inline

Interstage access for DCM

LAMPC-1 EDFA based amplifier for medium spans.

Variant: Pre-Amplifier

Interstage access for DCM

LAMPBC-1 Combined card with booster unit (no amplifier) and pre-amp, to be
release for >4.30

LASBC-1 EDFA based amplifier for short spans.

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Name Description

Variant: Booster

LIFB-1 Booster-less line interface card (R4.1)

(for replacing of booster card)

LIFPB-1 Amplifier-less line interface card (R4.2)

(for replacing of booster and pre-amplifier card)

LT2-1 Line tap card with two bidirectional terminations, to be released

>4.30

PRC-1 Raman pump

2 pump wavelengths, pump powers optimized for different fiber

types

PL-1 External Pump (R4.1)

MCP404-1 Channel power monitor card for 4 x 40 channels of 2.5, 10G, or

40G rate (R4.1)

MCP404-2 Channel power monitor card for 4 x 40 channels of 2.5 or 10G

rate (R4.1)

MCP4-1 Channel power monitor card for 4 x 80 channels of 2.5, 10G, 40G
rate (R4.2)

(can also be used for 4 x 40 channels instead of MCP404-1)

F04MDN-1 4 channel optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer

Architecture: bidirectional

10 variants for subbands C01,..,C10

F04MDU-1 4 channel optical Multiplexer/Demultiplexer with upgrade port

Architecture: bidirectional

10 variants for subbands C01,..,C10

F08SB-1 2x4 channel optical subband multiplexer (C05, C06) with red/blue
band splitter and upgrade port

Architecture: 4skip0, bidirectional

F16SB-1 4x4 channel optical subband multiplexer

Architecture: 4skip0, bidirectional

2 variants for red and blue half-bands

F40-1/S 40-channel optical multiplexer or de-multiplexer card for standard

channel (192.1 +n*100 GHz) grid (R4.1)

F40-1/O 40-channel optical multiplexer or de-multiplexer card for offset

channel (192.05 +n*100 GHz) grid (R4.2)

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Name Description

F40V-1/S 40-channel optical multiplexer or de-multiplexer card with channel

VOAs for standard channel (192.1 +n*100 GHz) grid (R4.2)

F40V-1/O 40-channel optical multiplexer or de-multiplexer card for offset

channel (192.05 +n*100 GHz) grid (R4.2)

F40MP-1/S 40-channel optical multiplexer or de-multiplexer card for standard

channel (192.1 +n*100 GHz) grid (R4.3), per channel power
monitors

F40MP-1/O 40-channel optical multiplexer or de-multiplexer card for offset

channel (192.05 +n*100 GHz) grid (R4.3), per channel power
monitors

F40VMP-1/S 40-channel optical multiplexer or de-multiplexer card for standard

channel (192.1 +n*100 GHz) grid (R4.3), per channel power
monitors and VOAs

F40VMP-1/O 40-channel optical multiplexer or de-multiplexer card for offset

channel (192.05 +n*100 GHz) grid (R4.3), per channel power
monitors and VOAs

F40-2/S deferred

F40-2/O deferred

F80MDI-1 80-channel 50GHz/100GHz bidirectional interleaver card (R4.2)

F80DCI-1 80-channel 50GHz/100GHz unidirectional interleaver card (R4.2)

(for local channel dropping (demultiplex direction) and continuing)

F40MR-1 40-channel PLC based wavelength selective switch card (R4.1)

F08MR-1 8:1 wavelength selective switch (WSS) card for 100 GHz (40
channels) grid (R4.2)

F06DR80-1 6:1 wavelength selective switch (WSS) card for 50 GHz (80
channels) grid (R4.2), for local channel dropping (demultiplex
direction)

F06MR80-1 6:1 wavelength selective switch (WSS) card for 50 GHz (80
channels) grid (R4.2), for local channel adding (multiplex
direction)

F09MR80-1 9:1 wavelength selective switch (WSS) card for 50 GHz (80
channels) grid (R4.2), for local channel adding (multiplex
direction)

F09DR80-1 9:1 wavelength selective switch (WSS) card for 50 GHz (80
channels) grid (R4.3), for local channel dropping (demultiplex
direction)

F09MDRT-1/S 9:1 tunable wavelength selective switch (WSS) card for 100 GHz,
standard (40 channels) grid (R4.3), On add path: 8 VOAs
integrated

F09MDRT-1/O 9:1 tunable wavelength selective switch (WSS) card for 100 GHz,
offset (40 channels) grid (R4.3), On add path: 8 VOAs integrated

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Name Description

outMDC-1 40 Gb/s PMD compensator card (R4.25)

Table 6-5: hiT 7300 Optical Cards

Name Description

I04T2out1 2.5G Transponder/Muxponout/Regenerator OTU-1

(4 GE or 4x FC-1G clients, 2x STM16/OC48 or 2x FC-2G or 2x

OTU1 clients)

I01T10G-1/Metro 10 Gb/s Transponder OTU-2(V)

I01T10G-1/Regio
I01T10G-1/Regio80 (1x STM64/OC192 or 1x OTU2 or 1x 10GE client), LHD2: second
I01T10G-1/LH source
I01T10G-1/LHS
I01T10G-1/LHD
I01T10G-1/LHDS

I01T10G-1/LHD2

I08T10G-1/Metrout08T10G-1/Regio
I08T10G-1/Regio80
I08T10G-1/LH
I08T10G-1/LHS
I08T10G-1/LHD
I08T10G-1/LHDS

I01T10G-1/LHD2

I05AD10G-1 10 Gb/s Multi-Service Add/Drop Muxponder OTU-2 (R4.25)

(5x GE coutnts)

I04TQ10G-1 Multi 10G transponder with up to 4 line ports, R4.3

I22CE10G-1 L2 switch card with 10G line ports (R4.3)

I01T40G-1 40 Gb/s Transponder OTU-3V (R4.25)

(1x STM256/OC768 or 1x OTU3 client)

I04T40G-1 40 Gb/s Muxponder OTU-3V (R4.25)

(4x STM64/OC192 or 4x OTU2 client)

I01R40G-1 40 Gb/s Regenerator OTU-3V (unidirectional) (R4.25)

O03CP-1 Optical Channel Protection Card

(3x optical clients)

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O02CSP-1 Dual protection cardfor two bidirectional 2-port channel protection

units, released in 4.3

Table 6-6: hiT 7300 Service Cards

Name Description

D0170DCF Dispersion Compensation Card

DCF, 10 km (-170 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

D0340DCF Dispersion Compensation Card

DCF, 20 km (-340 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

D0510DCF Dispersion Compensation Card

DCF, 30 km (-510 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

D0680DCF Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 40 km (-680 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

D1020DCF Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 60 km (-1020 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

D1360DCF Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 80 km (-1020 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

D1700DCF Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 100 km (-1700 ps/nm) with SSMF slope (future release)

D2040DCF Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 120 km (-2040 ps/nm) with SSMF slope (future release)

D0340SMF Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 20 km (-340 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 100 GHz grid

D0340SMF-2 Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 20 km (-340 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 50 GHz grid

D0680SMF Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 40 km (-680 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 100 GHz grid

D0680SMF-2 Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 40 km (-680 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 50 GHz grid

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D0850SMF Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 50 km (-850 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 100 GHz grid

D0850SMF-2 Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 50 km (-850 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 50 GHz grid

D1020SMF Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 60 km (-1020 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 100 GHz grid

D1020SMF-2 Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 60 km (-1020 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 50 GHz grid

D1190SMF Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 70 km (-1190 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 100 GHz grid

D1190SMF-2 Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 70 km (-1190 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 50 GHz grid

D1360SMF Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 80 km (-1360 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 100 GHz grid

D1360SMF-2 Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 80 km (-1360 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 50 GHz grid

D1700SMF Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 100 km (-1700 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 100 GHz grid

D1700SMF-2 Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 100 km (-1700 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 50 GHz grid

D2720SMF Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, 160 km (-2720 ps/nm) with SSMF slope, 100 GHz grid

D0340LEF Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, -340 ps/nm with NZ-DSF (LEAF slope), 100 GHz grid

D0510LEF Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, -510 ps/nm with NZ-DSF (LEAF slope), 100 GHz grid

D0680LEF Dispersion Compensation Card

FBG, -680 ps/nm with NZ-DSF (LEAF slope), 100 GHz grid

D085LFF-1 Dispersion Compensation Card, DK5

New from >4.25, module properties as H-modules

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D170LFF-1 Dispersion Compensation Card, DK10

New from >4.25, module properties as H-modules

D255LFF-1 Dispersion Compensation Card, DK15

New from >4.25, module properties as H-modules

D340LFF-1 Dispersion Compensation Card, DK20

D425LFF-1 Dispersion Compensation Card, DK25

New from >4.25, module properties as H-modules

D510LFF-1 Dispersion Compensation Card, DK30

New from >4.25, module properties as H-modules

D595LFF-1 Dispersion Compensation Card, DK35

New from >4.25, module properties as H-modules

D680LFF-1 Dispersion Compensation Card, DK40

New from >4.25, module properties as H-modules

Table 6-7: hiT 7300 Dispersion Compensation Cards

Name Description

UDCMC5LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 5 km (-85 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

UDCMC10LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 10 km (-170 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

UDCMC15LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 15 km (-255 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

UDCMC20LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 20 km (-340 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

UDCMC25LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 25 km (-425 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

UDCMC30LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 30 km (-510 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

UDCMC50LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 40 km (-850 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

UDCMC60LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 60 km (-1020 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

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Name Description

UDCMC70LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 70 km (-1190 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

UDCMC80LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 80 km (-1360 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

UDCMC90LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 90 km (-1530 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

UDCMC100LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 100 km (1700 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

UDCMC110LL Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 110 km (1870 ps/nm) with SSMF slope

UDCMC170H Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -170 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (LEAF)

UDCMC340H Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -340 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (LEAF)

UDCMC510H Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -510 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (LEAF)

UDCMC680H Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -680 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (LEAF)

UDCMC170N Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -170 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (Truewave, RS)

UDCMC340N Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -340 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (Truewave, RS)

UDCMC255N Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -255 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (Truewave, RS)

UDCMC340N Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -340 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (Truewave, RS)

UDCMC425N Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -425 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (Truewave, RS)

UDCMC510N Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -510 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (Truewave, RS)

UDCMC680N Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -680 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (Truewave, RS)

UDCMC850N Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -850 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (Truewave, RS)

UDCMC1020N Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, -1020 ps/nm) for NZDSF with positive dispersion (Truewave, RS)

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Name Description

UDCMC48P Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 48 ps/nm) for NZDSF with negative dispersion

UDCMC80P Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 80 ps/nm) for NZDSF with negative dispersion

UDCMC128P Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 128 ps/nm) for NZDSF with negative dispersion

UDCMC177P Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 177 ps/nm) for NZDSF with negative dispersion

UDCMC240P Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 240 ps/nm) for NZDSF with negative dispersion

UDCMC288P Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 288 ps/nm) for NZDSF with negative dispersion

UDCMC384P Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 384 ps/nm) for NZDSF with negative dispersion

UDCMC480P Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 480 ps/nm) for NZDSF with negative dispersion

UDCMC576P Dispersion Compensation Module

DCF, 576 ps/nm) for NZDSF with negative dispersion

Table 6-8: hiT 7300 Dispersion compensation modules for DCM shelf

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6.4 Software Licenses

As SURPASS hiT 7300 is a universal product for various network applications covering
metro, regional as well as long haul transmission networks, it offers an extensive
feature set dedicated to all these applications and supported by the NE controller
software, allowing the customer to achieve the highest system performance and cost
efficient operation for his application. On the other hand it is natural that customers are
only willing to pay for functionalities which are of relevance for their specific network
application, for this purpose the customer can select from a set of software licenses he
wants to use for his application and only needs to pay for the related functionalities.

The following Table 6-9 describes the basic licenses and the specific features licenses
which can be ordered for the required network application of hiT 7300.

License type Description

Basic SW Basic licenses are for basic transmission functionalities and equipment
options

Basic NE license 1 license of this type is required per hiT 7300 network element built by 1 or
several standard hiT 7300 shelves

Basic FlatPack NE license 1 license of this type is required per hiT 7300 network element built by 1 or
several hiT 7300 flatpack shelves

Application SW
- capacity licences

Capacity license 2.5G 1 license of this type is required per functional line port of a
transponder/muxponder (not for regenerator) providing a point-to-point
optical transmission capacity (by DWDM, CWDM, or grey channel) of
~2outb/s data rate (OTU-1 STM-16/OC-48)

Capacity license 10G 1 license of this type is required per functional line port of a
transponder/muxponder (not for regenerator) providing a point-to-point
optical transmission capacity (by DWDM, CWDM, or grey channel) of
~10Gb/s datoutate (OTU-2, STM-64/OC-192, 10GBASE-X)

Capacity license 40G 1 license of this type is required per functional line port of a
transponder/muxponder (not for regenerator) providing a point-to-point
optical transmission capacity (by DWDM, CWDM, or grey channel) of
~40Gb/s data rate (OTU-3, STM-256/OC-768)

Application SW Feature licenses are for specific functionalities related to specific data
- Feature licenses transport services, NE operation or NE management capabilities

End-to-end service 1 license of this type is required per ROADM or PXC NE whioutallows a full
provisioning license end-to-end provisioning of optical channels for any channel rate (2.5G, 10G,
40G) through the DWDM transport network

OTU-k client service 1 license of this type is required per inter-domain client interface of a
license transponder/muxponder (not for regenerator) with OTU-k data rate, which
provides transparent transmission of ODU-k data units between

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License type Description

transmission network domains with inherent supervision and performance
monitoring capabilities

SAN certified client service 1 license of this type is required per FiberChannel/FICON client interface of
license a transponder card which provides certified SAN (Storage Area Network)
data transport services

Juniper certified DWDM 1 license of this type is required per all-optical DWDM channel interface of
interworking license hiT 7300 providing a certified transmission performance for a Juniper router
with appropriate DWDM port which is directly connected to hiT 7300 without
using a hiT 7300 transponder card

Automated channel power 1 license of this type is required per network element (ONN) which supports
optimization a fully automated optimization of optical channel power values by automatic
pre-emphasis of optical channels, in order to achieve a maximum optical
performance and reach over a DWDM multiplex section while saving
workforce for manual provisioning at the same time. The usage of MCP4xx
channel monitoring cards is also a necessary precondition for this feature
(see Chapter 5.1.1) for automated in-service measurements.

Premium transient 1 license of this type is required per network element which supports
performance license premium optical transient performance which is achieved by sophisticated
control software within the optical amplifiers. Premium transient performance
ensures minimum impacts on optical transmission performance in an
amplified DWDM network in cases of abrupt optical power changes e.g. due
to lost channels caused byout upstream fiber interruption.

PRBS testing capability 1 license of this type is required per transponder card which supports the
license generation and evaluation of a PRBS test signal (Pseudo-Random Binary
Sequence of periodicity 231-1 acc. ITU-T G.709) within the OPUk payload of
the OTU-k line signal, in order to achieve measurements on residual bit error
rates (after FEC) within the transmission payload of optical channels.

With hiT 7300 R4.2 this feature is only possible on 10G

transponder/muxponder cards (I01T10G, I08T10G) and on the 10G multi-
service muxponder card I05AD10G.

TL1 management interface 1 license of this type is required per network element to be managed via a
license TL1 management interface according Bellcore/Telcordia standards.

Upgrade licenses Software upgrade licenses are related to deliverables of software release
upgrade packages including new functionalities for hiT 7300 NEs

SW release upgrade 1 license of this type is required per major SW release update

Maintenance licenses Maintenance licenses are related to deliverables and performance of Nokia
Siemens Networks’ services for network maintenance and customer support

SW Maintenance contract 1 license of this type is required per SW maintenance contract between a
customer and Nokia Siemens Networks’ technical service

Table 6-9: Software licenses for SURPASS hiT 7300

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7. hiT 7300 Automated Network Planning,

Commissioning and Operation

An important signature of the SURPASS hiT 7300 product is its fundamental concept
of automation for networking planning, network commissioning, and network operation.

Situation of network operators until now is an impressive decline of capital

expenditures (CAPEX) for transmission equipment due to increasing traffic transport
capacities leading to significant reductions of cost per bit, whereas operational
expenditures (OPEX) remained nearly constant due to sophisticated link and network
planning, complex commissioning and installation, and difficult operation and
maintenance. As carriers are under high cost pressure to manage their networks with a
smaller pool of work force while procedural errors during network building and
operation have to be excluded in a carrier network, an easy-to-use and highly
automated concept for network planning, commissioning, and operation is an essential
leverage for achieving substantial OPEX reductions.

A high potential for automation with resulting OPEX reductions is seen in the following
areas:

• Planning and procurement of transmission network and network equipment

• Commissioning and Provisioning of the network

• Operation and Maintenance of the network

The following Chapters will explain how the concept of automation is put into practice
with SURPASS hiT 7300.

7.1 Automated planning and procurement of

transmission network
Figure 7-1 shows the typical life cycle of a DWDM transmission network, starting with
the input traffic demands for existing or new DWDM routes.

DWDM network planning is a sophisticated task which not only requires input of
network topology and transmission bandwidth requirements, but also detailed
knowledge of optical fiber parameters (attenuation, chromatic and polarization mode
dispersion and slope, non-linear effects), exact optical transmission characteristics of
the used transponders, optical multiplexers, and optical amplifiers, and also additional
network conditions for protected services, dynamic switchable traffic services, and
provisions for future network extensions. All these parameters and conditions can be
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precisely defined by a network planner using the planning tool SURPASS TransNet, in
order to get an optimum network solution in terms of CAPEX and performance.

Traffic
Demands for
(new) DWDM
route(s)
TransNet
Planning Tool

Simplified
planning and
procurement with
TNMS TransNet hiT7300
Network
Management

Automated Fast NE installation

maintenance and NE commissioning
Craft
Terminal
hiT7300

Self guided
optical link turn-up
and provisioning

Figure 7-1: OPEX reduction by automated processes

In addition to the detailed design of the DWDM network TransNet also performs a
detailed equipment synthesis for all involved network elements and reports the
following results to the network planner:

• List/Bill of material (LOM/BOM);

this report includes a table of all HW and SW parts which are necessary for building
the individual NEs, where the parts are already indentified by their Nokia Siemens
Networks order numbers and can be directly used by customers or local sales
representatives for ordering of equipment.

• Commissioning and cabling report;

this report includes for each NE a table of slot assignments with required card
types for each slot within each shelf, as well as all optical cabling and attenuators
which are necessary to interconnect all the optical ports of the cards within a NE.
The commissioning and cabling reports are already used by Nokia Siemens
Networks’ factory for pre-installation and pre-configuration of NEs, which enables
shipping of completely equipped and cabled racks and shelves to the customer,
thereby requiring only a minimum of installation effort at the customer locations.

• Network Element Configuration Files (NCFs);

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for each NE of the network an NCF is generated which includes all NE

configuration and commissioning attributes which are necessary for correct
operation and management of a NE. By collecting a complete set of NCFs within
an archive file for a (sub-)network and automatic distribution and downloading of
NCFs to all NEs within a (sub-)network, an outstanding level of automation for
network commissioning is achieved, such that manual and error-prone
configuration of critical operating parameters via an element manager is completely
avoided.

For new network deployments the NCFs are already downloaded to the NEs by
Nokia Siemens Networks’ factory during pre-installation and pre-configuration of
NEs.

For network upgrades, the existing network configuration can directly be retrieved
from the related gateway network element which stores the actual TransNet
planning file with the latest actual NCF archive of the current (sub-)network, i.e. no
external repository for the loaded network configuration is needed. Based of this
actual TransNet planning file any network or channel upgrade can be planned
again with TransNet, and the updated TransNet planning file and the updated NCF
archive are downloaded and stored again on the related gateway NE(s), from
which the individual NCFs are downloaded to the respective NEs of the
(sub-)network and after activation (swap command) all NEs are automatically
updated according to the new network configuration.

See Chapter 9.5 for more details of the NCF concept and the associated
automated work flows.

See also Chapter 9 for a more detailed description of the TransNet planning tool and
its benefits.

7.2 Automated NE installation and commissioning

Following the detailed network and network element construction rules generated by
TransNet the network installation and commissioning process is further eased for the
customer by making use of Nokia Siemens Networks’

• Pre-installation and pre-configuration

This service of the Nokia Siemens Networks’ factory provides for shipping of
completely equipped and cabled racks and shelves to the customer thereby requiring
only a minimum of installation effort at the customer locations. The following benefits
are granted by this factory service when shipping the transmission equipment to the
customer for new deployment:

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- shipment of complete shelves and racks7 (Figure 7-2)

- all delivered NEs are fully functional

- all cards, internal optical patch cords, and optical attenuators are plugged
according to TransNet commissioning reports

- all firmware is loaded on traffic and controller cards

- all commissioning parameters are loaded according to NCFs generated by

TransNet

- the optical links between NEs have been successfully tested according to the
customer configuration

- all internal cables are labeled for easy trouble shooting

Therefore, the additional effort for installation and commissioning of hiT 7300
equipment gets dramatically reduced to:

- unpacking of equipment and placement at required sites

- connection of external cables (optical/electrical cables and power supply)

- connection of the NEs control interfaces (Q) with external DCN facilities
(switches, router) where necessary

In case of optical channel upgrades for existing equipment for fulfilling new traffic
demands, the necessary additional components (transponder cards, optical multiplexer
cards, cables, shelves) are easily identified by the dedicated TransNet differential
equipment reports (for differential equipment as needed for upgrading) and related
commissioning reports, so that the existing equipment can easily be upgraded in the
field.

7
If shipping of complete racks (including complete shelves) is not preferred by a customer, shipping of complete
shelves (w/ cards) or individual components (cards) only can alternatively be agreed with the local sales representative,
in this case the internal cabling and NE commissioning must be done at the customer sites.

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Figure 7-2: Packing of completely installed rack for shipment

Installation and commissioning is further simplified by the following automation

features:

• Tunable transponders;

all long haul 10G transponder/muxponder and all 40G transponder/muxponder are
provided with tunable lasers at the line interfaces, where the required optical
frequency (wavelength) for the respective DWDM channel is automatically
configured via the related commissioning parameter within the loaded NCF of the
NE, thus no specific transponder configuration via a craft terminal is necessary in
case of a channel upgrade in the field.

• Tunable dispersion compensation for 40 Gb/s optical channels;

40G transponder/muxponder cards with DPSK modulation are provided with

tunable dispersion compensation at the line interfaces, where the required
chromatic dispersion compensation value for the respective DWDM channel is
automatically configured by means of the transponder/muxponder card for
obtaining a minimum BER (before FEC) at the receive line interface; this simplifies
dispersion compensation for sensitive 40G applications by avoiding changes of the
dispersion compensation in the field due to different than expected fiber dispersion
parameters and fiber ageing.

• Automatic optimization of 40 Gb/s channel performance for 50GHz or 100

GHz frequency channel grid

40G transponder/muxponder and regenerator cards (I0xT40G, I01R40G) using

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DPSK modulation are automatically commissioned for optimum performance within

the used optical channel grid (50GHz/100GHz) of a DWDM line. This is performed
by balancing the 40G optical receiver to the spectral properties of the DPSK signal,
such that penalties from narrow-band optical filtering (demultiplexing) effects are
minimized.

• Automatic card discovery and verification by the NE;

Each card which is plugged into a slot of a shelf is automatically discovered after
start-up by the NE controller and verified with respect to the required equipping for
the slot according to the loaded NCF; in case the plugged card matches to the
required card type for the slot the card is automatically activated and performs its
operation according NCF commissioning parameters, no manual action other than
plugging is required.

• automatic turn-up of optical supervisory channel (OSC);

Connectivity for communication between adjacent NE via the OSC over optical
spans is automatically activated provided that NE controller and optical amplifiers
are up and running. Verification of correct fiber interconnections between NEs is
provided by a configurable trace identifier string with automatic supervision on
mismatch between received and expected trace identifiers.

• Plug-and-Play Equipping for Optical Line Repeater (OLR);

The hiT 7300 OLR as defined as default NE type with associated default required
equipping for all slots within a shelf (note that only 1 shelf is required for an OLR).
as long as no other NE type is configured; this allows for OLR NEs a full plug-and-
play equipping of shelf slots according to described equipping rules and automatic
turn-up of OLR NEs (even before downloading the final commissioning parameters
by NCF). Due to automatic turn-up of OSC channels all further configuration for
OLRs can be done from remote sites, even if no pre-configuration of OLRs within
the factory would be done.

• Automatic internal DCN configuration;

All internal IP addresses of the NEs within a hiT7300 (sub-)network are

automatically assigned by the corresponding DHCP server running on assigned
hiT 7300 NE(s) (typically on the gateway NE(s)) of a (sub-)network. External IP
addresses, which are visible within the external customer DCN, must only be
provisioned on the gateway NEs, such that all NEs within a (sub-)network can be
addressed via the external IP address of its corresponding gateway NE in
combination with an NE specific port address.

Each hiT 7300 NE automatically detects its gateway NE(s) with the corresponding
(sub-)network for providing a communication link to the management system
(TNMS).

• Automatic activation of DCN services on gateway NE (GNE);

For an assigned (by configuration) primary or secondary GNE, all necessary DCN

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services as DHCP, FTP, and NTP are automatically activated within the
corresponding (sub-)network (R4.2).

• Automatic NE next-neighbor detection;

Each hiT 7300 NEs automatically detects its next neighbor NE(s) over its optical
DWDM links. By connecting a craft terminal (@CT) to a hiT 7300 ONN the user can
invoke a query for a summary list of all NEs (ONN and OLR) that are adjacent to
the connected ONN within an optical multiplex section over its optical DWDM links,
no network map is necessary for searching a specific NE within a (sub-)network in
case that a specific configuration or trouble-shooting action would be necessary.

• Customer specific default parameter settings;

From R4.3 on hiT7300 also supports the pre-configuration of customer specific

default parameters (e.g. for specific alarm severity profiles), such settings are
possible by generation of specific file packages which can be downloaded to the
NEs (similar as commissioning parameters in NCF).

7.3 Automated Optical Link Turn-Up and Provisioning

As hiT 7300 equipment gets shipped to the destination sites of the customer the NEs
will usually come as pre-installed and pre-configured by the Nokia Siemens Networks
factory as described in Chapter 7.2.

Beyond the physical local installation of the equipment and the local power supply only
the fiber connections for connecting the NEs with the customers’ fiber network must be
realized such that the turn-up of the optical links can be performed. Also these final
tasks before reliable starting of real network operation are greatly simplified by
important automation features of hiT 7300:

• Automatic Topology Verification;

After inter-connecting the NEs by the customers’ fiber network, each NE

automatically performs a verification of its actual interconnected adjacent NEs with
respect to the expected adjacent NE as defined by TransNet network planning.
This is performed by making use of an internal trace identifier string with is initially
transmitted by each NE over the optical supervisory channel (OSC) to its adjacent
NE over each optical link. This internal OSC trace identifier is automatically
generated by TransNet during the network planning phase and gets downloaded to
the individual NE with the NCF. In case of mismatch between received and
expected internal OSC trace identifiers, an alarm is raised by each NE detecting a
mismatch, such that fiber misconnections are immediately detected and can be

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corrected.

• Automated Optical Channel Pre-emphasis Configuration;

For achieving the maximum performance and reach of a DWDM system an

adjustment of the relative channel power levels is necessary for each optical path
at the source termination of an optical multiplex section, so that the signal quality at
the sink termination of the optical multiplex section is optimized (OSNR) for each
optical path. For hiT 7300 there exist different types of pre-emphasis configuration
with different degree of automation and optical performance, namely (see also
5.1.1):

- pre-calculated pre-emphasis without measurements;

This type of pre-emphasis is very simple and fully automated and can be used for
lower reach network applications not requiring maximum reach performance.

- pre-calculated pre-emphasis with measurements;

This type of pre-emphasis is semi-automated but provides better optical

performance than pre-calculated pre-emphasis without any measurements; full
automation can be achieved by using VOAs and MCP4xx cards and upgrading to
enhanced automatic pre-emphasis.

- enhanced pre-emphasis with automatic measurements;

This type of pre-emphasis is full-automated and also provides maximum optical

performance. Due to complete cost savings for external OSA equipment and
omission of on-site visits for manual measurements, it can be shown that enhanced
pre-emphasis with automatic measurements is also the most cost-effective method
after doing only a very few number of channel upgrades (OPEX savings over-
compensate additional CAPEX for MCP4xx cards).

channel power monitoring cards in NEs

at booster output and pre-amplifier
output

..
. Pre-emphasis section

Figure 7-3: Automated power pre-emphasis configuration

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7.4 Automated Network Operation and Maintenance

Also for network operation and maintenance hiT 7300 equipment offers many benefits
for a network operator in order to save OPEX by simplified automated procedures,
which are described in the following.

• Comprehensive alarm correlation;

for fast and successful analysis of complex failure scenarios (fiber cuts, equipment
failures) within a transmission network hiT 7300 implements comprehensive alarm
correlation methods and features for failure location and root cause analysis:

- alarm correlation between defects of the different transmission layers OTS

(optical transport section), OMS (optical multiplex section), and OCh (optical
channel) acc. ITU-T G.798

- forward and backward defect indications (FDI, BDI) of upstream network defect
conditions to downstream network locations within OSC information and OTU-k
signal overhead information acc. ITU-T G.798

- alarm correlation between defects of different cards within a NE

• Plug-and-Play equipping for SFP/XFP port modules;

- Any SFP or XFP pluggable port module on a transponder/muxponder card is

automatically detected by the hiT 7300 NE and verified for matching to the
respective client interface type.

- Different optical reach variants for an interface type can easily be configured by
plugging the respective SFP/XFP module, no manual reconfigurations needing
a craft terminal are necessary.

- A client port can be prepared for later equipping with an SFP/XFP module by
setting its port provisioning mode to empty-auto, in this case no alarm is raised
due to a missing SFP/XFP module or a missing input signal, while later
plugging of a module automatically sets the port in use.

- In case of a mismatch between the plugged SFP/XFP module for the

configured client interface type an alarm is raised by the NE.

• Automatic enabling of alarm supervision for client ports;

Each transponder client port can be configured with port supervision mode AUTO,
in order to automatically turn-on its alarm supervision for the received client signal

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after a client signal is detected at the first time, while no alarm is reported as long
as no client signal is received after first provisioning of the port. This feature allows
any client traffic port to be provisioned from the beginning w/o a client signal yet
w/o alarm generation, while avoiding any future manual provisioning action after
the client signal is received and the port gets in normal operation mode.

• Automatic span loss correction

Automatic span loss correction is always performed for each optical span by
comparing the transmitted output power at the source amplifier of a span with the
received input power at the sink amplifier of a span, measured span loss deviating
from the expected span loss results in automatic adjustments of amplifier settings.

• Automatic Event logs;

Several event logging functions are automatically provided by each hi T7300 NE for
easy tracing of actions that have been caused either by external management
system or by spontaneous actions of the NE (configuration log, security log,
protection switching log, alarm log)

• Automatic diagnostic data gathering;

for easy trouble-shooting in case of unexpected equipment malfunctions each card

of hiT 7300 implements monitoring of diagnostic data (exception logs, trace logs)

• Automatic pseudo-random signal generator;

hiT 7300 10G transponder/muxponder cards support the generation and evaluation
of a PRBS test signal (Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence of periodicity 231-1 acc.
ITU-T G.709) within the OPU2 payload of the OTU-2(V) line signal, in order to
achieve measurements on residual bit error rates (after FEC) within the
transmission payload of optical channels, thereby saving external signal analyzers
and measurement workforce

• Automatic re-commissioning of spare parts;

Any card with is plugged as compatible replacement for a card which was
previously operating within the NE (in case of a card malfunction or failure) is
automatically re-configured according to the commissioning parameters which are
persistently stored within the NE for this card and slot, the replacing (spare) card
automatically resumes the operation of the replaced card.

Any 10G transponder or muxponder for regional applications (I0xT10G/Regio,

I0xT10G/Regio80) can be spared and replaced by a tunable long haul transponder
or muxponder (I0xT10G/LH(D)), which is automatically configured for the correct
optical frequency within the NE; later a new (repaired) regional transponder can be
replaced again for the tunable transponder without any additional operator action.

• Flexible spare part handling;

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In order to limit a network operators’ spare pool while still allowing fast replacement
of failed components, the following cards can be used as flexible spare parts:

- 10G long haul transponder/muxponder (I01T10G/LH(D) and I08T10G/LH/D))

can be used as spare cards for the corresponding regio types of these cards
(I01T10G/Regio or /Regio80 and I08T10G/Regio or Regio80)

- Medium span in-line amplifier LAMIC can be used instead of short span booster
LASB or instead of medium span pre-amplifier LAMPC

- Long span in-line amplifier LALIC can be used instead of long span pre-
amplifier LALPC

• Automatic and in-service upgrade of APS;

Upgrading of APS software for all NEs of a network is automated in the following
way:

- New APS package needs only to be downloaded once from TNMS to a

gateway NE of the (sub-)network

- New APS distribution within a (sub-)network is automatically performed from a

gateway NE to the individual NEs, triggered by the operator from TNMS via a
single-button command

- Swapping to new APS for all NEs of a whole (sub-)network is triggered from
TNMS

- Optical link control between NEs which are (temporarily) running with different
APS versions (e.g. if both termination nodes of an optical multiplex section
belong to different sub-networks) is automatically continued in a compatible
mode of the respective lower APS version.

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8. hiT 7300 Network Management Integration

8.1 The Nokia Siemens Networks TNMS (Transport
Network Management System)
The Telecommunication Network Management System – TNMS Core is the Nokia
Siemens Networks Management Solution designed for the needs of metropolitan and
regional transport networks as well as for long distances within national or international
networks.

TNMS Core supports SDH and DWDM network elements in core and backbone
application scenarios as service layer, network layer, and element layer management
with the TMN (Telecommunications Management Network) Model (Figure 8-1). This
system can be scaled within a wide range to give customized network management
solutions. Special end-to-end connection management procedures with automatic and
manual routing over the entire network allow quick service provisioning and monitoring
in a user-friendly way.

As is standard for all Nokia Siemens Networks Optical Networking Products, hiT 7300
comes with a Craft Terminal called TNMS CT. TNMS CT can be used either in LCT or
NCT mode. In NCT mode it works as a small management system (up to 150 NEs). In
LCT mode it can be used as a normal Local Craft Terminal for local control or
commissioning tasks and corresponds to the WEB-based LCT denoted as @CT.

Software downloads to each Network Element are possible from the TNMS CT (NCT)
as well as from the TNMS Core. The current Network Element configuration state can
also be saved and restored by backup procedures.

Interfaces to Multi-vendor
higher layers interfaces
SNMP, TMF CORBA
Utility Interfaces
(Inventory, Trouble Ticketing,..)
XML, ASCII
INTERNET
INTERNET

Metro-
SDH legacy WDM

Transparent
Multi-Service Photonic Networks
Optical Networks

Figure 8-1: Management of Optical Transport Network

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More information on Nokia Siemens Networks TNMS can be found in [6].

8.2 hiT 7300 Management Interfaces and Protocols

The following Figure 8-2 shows the possible management systems and their
corresponding management agents in a hiT 7300 NE.

Figure 8-2: hiT 7300 Management Systems and NE Agents

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The following northbound management protocols are provided by the hiT7300 NE

platform (Table 8-1):

Interface Between Remark

SNMP NE TNMS Core, TNMS CT, acc. to IETF standards

@CT, or customer OS

HTTP.1 NE @CT Used for upload of @CT

applet

FTP(S) NE TNMS CT, @CT, Used for file transfer (e.g.

TNMS Core, PM/alarm data,
commissioning files, SW
download)

TL1 NE US customer TMN Telcordia standard FR-439

Table 8-1: hiT 7300 Management Protocols

An SNMP V3 protocol between NEs and TNMS Core/ TNMS CT/ @CT is provided
which ca– also be use– as a direct interface to customer OS.

TL1 is provided with a full feature set. The TL1 interface complies with the Telcordia
standard FR-439, Operations Technology Generic Requirements (OTGR), section 12.
TL1 management interface is supported from R4.2 of hiT 7300 .

A Web-based LCT - called @CT - offers a fully functional Element Manager. It is

based on Java Web Start technology, where the application software of the @CT is
stored within each NE (as part of the APS) and gets downloaded to a standard
personal computer (PC with browser, using standard Java runtime environment
release 1.5.x including Web Start technology) on request, alternatively the PC may use
a local copy of the application software. It offers remoe management of the NEs via the
OSC. Within a single DCN domain, up to 118 NEs are reachable. Figure 8-3 shows an
example of the web-based LCT.

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Figure 8-3: Configuration of NEs via the web-based LCT

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8.3 hiT 7300 Data Communication Network (DCN)

Integration

In the hiT7300 R4.0 the Data Communication Network (DCN) is implemented as a

switched network. Hence, the Message Communication Function (MCF) is
implemented as Layer-2 switch. In order to provide path redundancy and to maintain a
loop-free topology of the network or sub network at the same time, the hiT 7300
supports the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). DHCP servers are used to automatically
assign IP addresses to individual network elements. DHCP servers take IP addresses
from a configurable pool of IP addresses

Gateway NEs separate carrier DCN from internal hiT 7300 DCN. The internal DCN
refers to the data communication network used by the NEs to communicate with each
other. While the customer DCN is separated from the internal DCN operation, following
information about the internal DCN is necessary for commissioning.

In order to provide a redundant connection of the hiT 7300 internal DCN to the
customer/carrier DCN, two or more Gateway Function (GF) on different Gateway
Network Elements (GNE(s)) can be implemented. The protection switching is initiated
by TNMS by inspecting the NE reachability via different gateways. The TNMS can also
be used to provide load balancing by distributing the management connection equally
over the Gateway Functions to reduce the load of NEs providing GF functionality. The
internal hiT 7300 layer-2 DCN failure recovery is achieved by the Spanning Tree
Protocol.

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Figure 8-4: hiT 7300 Switched Layer-2 DCN implementation

The @CT and the TNMS management system can be connected via the two Ethernet
ports (Q ports) on the CCEP/CCMP. Whereas TNMS is connected via a dedicated
gateway (configured by the operator) to the DCN, the @CT is connected via a generic
gateway that is automatically started on a NE as soon as the @CT computer is
connected to the QF interface. To avoid address conflicts, the IP address of the QF
port is derived from the NE’s internal IP address. This guarantees that the IP address
of all QF ports in the network are different. The @CT computer retrieves its IP address
via DHCP, which is running as part of the generic gateway function that is
automatically started when a @CT laptop is connected. Because the IP address outthe
QF port is not fixed the NE provides a DNS service that allows the @CT to use a
symbolic name instead of an IP address.

Usually the optical supervisory channel (OSC) provides the communication channel for
the hiT 7300 internal L2 DCN; with R4.2 the GCC0 channel from a transponder card
with OTU-k interface also provides a communication channel, which can be preferably
used for passive optical links without OSC. The GCC0 transports both the internal
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DCN traffic and user channel traffic (up to 2 user channels per GCC0), where a user
channel can also be used as a communication channel between an OEM NE and the
management system. See 3.12 for more information on support of GCC0 channels.
Also, communication via Ethernet interfaces (100BT) is possible between distinct NEs
at one location

8.4 DCN Protocol Stack

The DCN Protocol Stack of the hiT 7300 is shown below:

Figure 8-5: DCN Protocol Stack

IP Address assignment and distribution

Protocols and functions for network control and automation are included as:

SNMPv3 Simple Network Management Protocol, Version 3; used by TNMS

and @CT application

TL-1 Network management acc. Telcordia standards

FTP(S) Used between external FTP server (e.g. TNMS) and GNEs and
between GNEs and NEs.

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HTTP For transferring files directly between a NE and an external FTP

server the gateway implements a FTP proxy. The file transfer
between the proxy and the NE is based on HTTP, HTTP is also used
to download the @CT via Java WebStart technology.

XML-RPC Inter-NE communication (e.g. for pre-emphasis control and control of

file distribution)

NTP Network Time Protocol

DNS Domain Name System to resolve host names

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol to automate IP address

assignment, to register network elements in the Gateway Functions
and to register the Gateway Functions in the network elements

NAPT Network Address–Port Translation is used in the GF to separate the

internal DCN from the carrier data network.

TCP Transmission control protocol

IP Internet protocol

UDP User datagram protocol

ICMP ping: Verify the static route entries by sending a ping to next hop and
analyzing the reply.

LAPD Link Access Protocol - D Channel, Q.921

LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol for uni-directional link detection and
automatic topology discovery to route DCN traffic on the shortest
route to the gateway.

ARP Address resolution protocol

802.1q VLAN tagging for user channels and OSC data channel multiplexing.
HW is also prepared for 802.1p priority based switching.

STP Spanning Tree Protocol maintains a loop-free topology of a switched

DCN network (per VLAN).

PPP Point-to-point protocol

Eth MAC/PHY Ethernet 802.3

HDLC High-Level Data Link Control on GCC0

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8.5 Multi-Domain DCN

For reasons of DCN performance a single DCN switching (L2) domain should be
limited to ~120 NEs with max. ~20 NEs of nodal degree 3 or higher. All hiT7300
equipment grouped together at one site should be managed as one NE, as long as it is
one single node. One single shelf cannot be shared by two different NEs.

From R4.2 on, hiT7300 supports the partitioning of large DCN networks into smaller
DCN sub-networks by border-NEs which allow a separation of L2 switching domains
(Figure 8-6). Each L2 switching domain has its own gateway NE(s) for communication
with the TNMS via the carrier data network. Such multi-domain hiT7300 DCNs are
characterized by the following parameters and behavior:

• ~120 NEs per L2 domain

• No IP routing or switching between L2 domains, the domains are strictly

separated at layer 2 and layer 3.

• The overall internal hiT7300 DCN comprises up to 16 domains

• Domain borders are located inside of a NE, named as border-NE.

• A border-NE connects up to 3 L2 domains.

• A border-NE may run as GNE (gateway network element), in such case the
border-NE supports all required services of a GNE (e.g. NAPT, FTP, DHCP,
NTP), these services may run in multiple instances to support multiple L2
domains.

• A border-NE can provide different services (GNE, client NE, DHCP,…) into
different domains.

• Within a L2 domain the DCN traffic is switched, at the domain borders all L2
broadcast traffic is terminated.

• In-service upgrade from a single to a multi-domain hiT7300 DCN network is

possible without adding regenerators/transponders.

• Optical enhanced pre-emphasis control is also possible for optical multiplex

sections where both terminals (or OADMs) of a multiplex section belong to
different L2 domains

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Carrier Data Network

Q Q Q Q

DHCP_P DHCP_S DHCP_P DHCP_S

L2 Q Q L2
Domain1 DHCP_P DHCP_S Domain3

L2
Domain2

DHCP_P/S hiT7300 gateway NE with

DHCP (Primary/Secondary) hiT7300 NE as local (temporary)
server gateway for @CT

hiT7300 (domain) border-NE hiT7300 target NE

Figure 8-6: hiT 7300 Multi-Domain Layer-2 DCN concept

8.6 Gateway Function (GF) of a GNE

The gateway function can be activated on any NE. No separate hardware is needed.
Usually there will be dedicated gateway NEs, which also handle DHCP server and NE
detection function and host the FTP and NTP servers.
The provisioning of the gateway function parameter is assumed to be a manual
procedure. The planner has to identify the GF-NE that is considered to be the DHCP
server (for both primary and secondary).
Each GF exposes the management interfaces of all NEs within a DCN (sub-)domain
through an externally reachable IP interface. The IP address and netmask of such an
interface is only manually configurable. Additionally the GF allows the configuration of
a few static routes pointing into the customer’s IP network.
The GF hides the internally used network addresses, so only a unique logical NE
identifier (NeName or Hostname) can be used to access a specific NE. Initially this is
derived from the MAC address of the first Ethernet interface of the NE. After NE

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specific configuration of the NE this identifier may change and designate other
attributes, like location etc. In any case, the network operator must ensure a unique
name within the DCN domain.

Each GNE has two network interfaces, QF and Q. Each interface may be connected to
the customer IP network, preferably Q. The Q interface may alternatively be connected
to the DCN Ethernet switch and obtain the same DCN internal address as the OSC
interfaces. In this case the QF interface may be assigned an additional external IP
address for access from TMN.

A generic or temporary GF can be invoked at every NE, either by accessing the

network via the QF interface or via the Q interface, if this one is set up for external
access (with external IP address). Permanent gateways provide access to the DCN
domain for TNMS. As they are usually coincident with the primary and secondary
DHCP servers, which provide the other NEs with DCN addresses and implements NE
detection. They can be called dedicated gateways.

Although usually located on the (dedicated) gateways there are three logically
independent functions:

• DHCP server(s)
one primary and one secondary for assigning IP addresses to the other NEs
and consequently discovering these NEs.

• STP root bridge(s)

the NEs, which should act as the base of the spanning tree. The selection of
the root bridge can be determined assigning higher priority to these NEs. The
actual root bridge is the NE, which has the highest priority (lowest number) and
for equal priorities the one with the lowest MAC address under the current
network conditions.

• NTP (network time protocol) gateways to external servers

NTP is usually organized in several strata with more accurate servers (like GPS
receivers) in higher strata. The gateways act as intermediary servers for the
other NEs.

Each NE will periodically ask for a DHCP lease. The DHCP server will record the
leases with the accompanying host (NE) name, TL1 TID (if present) and client ID
(derived from MAC address). If the client ID conforms to a scheme, the host is being
recognized as NE.

The primary DHCP server (with backup by the secondary) maintains as a result of the
discovery of NEs a dynamic table containing the mapping between logical NE
identifiers and the internally used network addresses. On generic GFs this table must
also be presented to external management. Also an address and port mapping (NAPT)
of DCN internal addresses to externally available ports for IP services (SNMP etc.) will
be implemented based on this list.

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At a gateway an application proxy for TL1 may be present. This proxy forwards
management messages between the internal and the external interface. The base
information about reachable systems and their target identifiers (TID) are derived by
means of DHCP, as described above.

Generic GFs, after invocation, are requesting the list of discovered NEs from the
dedicated GF (DHCP server).

For chained NEs – linear topology – the gateways should be located at the ends of the
chain in order not to isolate parts of the chain in case of single failure. For meshed
topologies the gateways should rather be in the center of the mesh in order to minimize
the distances to the edges for the spanning tree protocol (STP). If redundancy is
required a NE needs a minimum of two links attached to the mesh. If this is not
possible, e.g. in case of a spur topology, the NE at the end of the spur must also act as
gateway. One of the DHCP servers must be located at the end of the spur. Topologies
with several spurs should be avoided.

If an LCT (@CT) is attached to an NE this LCT can also temporarily enable the
gateway function and access the whole DCN domain.

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9. TransNet Network Planning Tool

To ensure that all customer requirements are met when designing an optical DWDM
network with hiT 7300, Nokia Siemens Networks engineers and physicists have
developed a software simulation tool called TransNet.

TransNet has been especially designed to plan and optimize DWDM optical
transmission networks for Nokia Siemens Networks hiT 7500 / hiT 7300 optical
transport solutions on the physical layer. It provides trained Nokia Siemens Networks
staff as well as customers planning departments a comprehensive designing tool to
configure new high performance DWDM networks. Different TransNet program
licenses are available for support of different tasks as network planning or channel
upgrades.

TransNet accepts all customer inputs such as number of sites, preferred site locations,
location names, fiber type and characteristics (i.e. fiber attenuation coefficient or
alternatively measured spans losses, fiber dispersion coefficient or measured
dispersion per span, polarization mode dispersion coefficients or measured
polarization mode dispersion per span) and the number of required channels. TransNet
also needs to know the customer’s OADM/PXC requirements for add/drop traffic.
TransNet allows users the flexibility to select the intended wavelengths to be equipped
in the system, governed by appropriate equipping priorities and planning rules.

With all this information, TransNet can evaluate the validity of the proposed network
based on the required BER or OSNR performance and the cross-checking of all linear
and non-linear fiber limitations. TransNet can also test whether Super-FEC or standard
forward error correcting FEC techniques (via selecting the appropriate terminal
equipment), and/or Raman amplification should be implemented to achieve the
required performance of the proposed network.

In addition to the above described physical link engineering routing and aggregation
algorithms TransNet provides extended service functions, which enables traffic load
sharing and traffic matrix planning for Mesh network.

A successful result is provided once all the corresponding customer parameters are
evaluated as per the design algorithm.

9.1 TransNet Benefits

TransNet accepts all customer data and provides a complete and optimized DWDM
design. All aspects of the DWDM planning including linear and non-linear effects are
taken into consideration to provide an error free design that can be realized in real
network situation as per exact initial planning (Figure 9-2).

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• TransNet provides an automated and cost optimized optical network design,

taking into account various physical conditions and EOL design margins.

• TransNet can successfully calculate various type of solutions (e.g. performance

optimized, cost optimized, user defined solutions) providing optimization for
CAPEX or optical performance.

• TransNet also enables network optimization and facilitates “what-if” scenarios if

required in order to optimize whole networks and traffic.

• TransNet provides Routing and Wavelength Assignment as well as traffic

aggregation features provide extended functions, which enables traffic load
sharing and traffic matrix planning for Mesh network which will be difficult to
realize manually. This in turn enables optimum traffic routes to be chosen.

• TransNet allows customers to plan channel upgrades autonomously with ease

since all the preliminary data are readily available from the initial planning.

• Commissioning data calculated by TransNet are automatically downloaded to

network elements via configuration files providing fast NE configuration.

• The “Report Center” contained in the TransNet is one of the many advanced
features of the TransNet tool. Many detailed graphical reports such as OSNR
diagrams, Dispersion Diagrams and accumulated PMD diagrams provide
additional helpful information about system performance. These diagrams can
also be printed and stored, providing a complete report for the design.

• A complete list of all required items (e.g. List of Materials, LOM) is automatically
produced for a successful design, making product ordering immediate after
planning.

• An easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI, Figure 9-1) with drag and drop
functionality for network setup provides support even to inexperienced users.
Fast and relatively easy planning can be done in a short amount of time
providing efficient and accurate results all the time.

• Human error with manual calculation can also be avoided for a complicated
design, ensuring total confidence of the planned network.

• In the rare and crucial time network failures, complete and vital information can
be obtained from the stored reports.

• Many different country maps already stored in the tool can be used to provide a
better pictorial view of the overall network. The longitude and latitude co-
ordinate of the site can also be entered providing precise location of the site in
the country.

• Further extensions are being developed for TransNet for adding new services
and connections to an existing network (TransConnect) and for improved
planning of metro-style networks (TransMetro), please refer to the TD of
TransNet.
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Figure 9-1: TransNet GUI

Physical network
data (topology, fiber
parameters…)

Bill of material with ordering numbers

TransNet (per site and per network)
automatically
Traffic matrix Planning Tool
generates...
Commissioning report
(incl. cabling plan, shelf view)
Customized
Price Configuration file for automatic NE
Information configuration

“Delta” files for upgrades

Customized
Planning Rules
(Certified Circuit
Packs, margins...)

Figure 9-2: TransNet Work Flow

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9.2 Multi-User Operation

SURPASS TransNet is designed for client/server applications, allowing a multi-user

operation environment with sharing of common resources for networks planners.

The multi-user concept supports the following services (see also Figure 9-3):

• Multi-user File management on a shared file server

• Merging of network planning files from created by different network planners

• Management and administration of different user groups

• Management of access rights to project files for different user groups

• Management of access rights for project modifications

TransNet Planning Tool

Project Server:
 management and
administration of complete
network on TransNet
shared file server Planner A:
 simultanous planning of Read & write access;
(sub)networks by several merge with other project
file parts on server
Network Planners
(Clients) possible
Planner B:
Read & write access;
merge with other project
file parts on server

Planner C:
Read & write access; merge
with other project file parts
on server

Figure 9-3: TransNet Multi-User Concept

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9.3 Provisioning with TransConnect

TransConnect is a web based client to TransNet server for service handling. It does
not need a special installation on a PC. The target user of TransConnect is an
operator, working for a network provider. An operator is in charge of realizing new
traffic connections in an existing optical network. Typically, this operation staff is not
involved in topology planning (the infrastructure on which the traffic is running).
Operators are not expected to be familiar with TransNet. They are assumed to be
familiar with TNMS-Core, the ITU and the SDH/Sonet definitions of traffic engineering

TransConnect simplifies service provisioning

 Web based client to TransNet server (no SW installation)

 Wizard based, easy to use (less training)

 Channel upgrade, downgrade, switch

 Generates delta LOM, commissioning info and new network

commissioning files

 Started from TNMS by double click on icon (similar to element

manager)

TransConnect benefits

 Service provisioning handled from TNMS

 Channel management (usually done by operations) decoupled

from DWDM link planning (usually done be dedicated planning
team)

 Faster turn-around times for channel up-/downgrade/switch

Figure 9-4 demonstrates the planning workflow with TransConnect. Further details on
TransConnect can be found in the TransNet Technical Documentation.

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User plans a new connection

User opens his browser and logs into

the TransConnect web server
User generates reports and
approves.
User closes the TransConnect
session and the browser.

User downloads NCF via GNE and swaps

Figure 9-4: TransConnect planning workflow

9.4 TransMetro Network Planning

More details can be found in the TransNet Technical Description. The followingkey
functions are supported:

 TransMetro realized as TransNet Plug-in

 Metro Planning Tool, Metrois planned as subnetworks in the LH

planning tool (one database)

 Wizard based

 TransMetro usable only with a special TransNet license

 TransMetro can plan

 Metro Core networks

 Several rings connected to Multidegree Hub nodes

 Amplified and Non Amplified DWDM, OSC/no OSC

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 OLRs allowed

 @100GHz grid (40 channels) standard link control

 @50GHz grid (80 channels) enhanced link control

9.5 Automated Network Configuration with TransNet

SURPASS hiT 7300 has set a specific focus to automatic network configuration.
Commissioning and service provisioning in SURPASS hiT7300 has been optimized
according to the following criteria, allowing OPEX savings while keeping network
flexibility and reliable operation:

• Easy-of-Use

Very simplified configuration of new optical links or channels by only a few mouse
clicks. A complex sequence of commands for commissioning of port connections,
cross-connections, and card settings is not acceptable, especially as most of these
parameters are already available in the planning tool.

• Remote Configurability

All configuration steps must be doable from remote. On-site work has to be
reduced to the bare minimum, e.g. HW installation. Additionally, e-flow processes
shall enable efficient interworking between different contributors like ordering,
installation and commissioning.

• Fast Commissioning

Commissioning of NEs and service provisioning shall be doable quickly without a

complex series of commands. Even dynamic switching and fast disaster recovery
scenarios shall be enabled.

• Reliable Commissioning

Procedural errors due to a complex series of commands shall be avoided to reduce

trouble shooting and network outage time. Network upgrades and extensions as
adding of new channels or new optical links must not lead to impacts on existing
channels.

• Sustainable:

Network planning and configuration status shall be synchronized by design. Even

many years later with changed staff and responsibilities it shall be possible to add
new services fast and reliable.

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NCF based configuration

Following these criteria TransNet creates, as a result of network planning process, a

Network Element Configuration File (NCF) for each NE of a DWDM network. Each
NCF includes all NE configurations and commissioning attributes which are necessary
for correct operation and management of a NE, as there are:

• NCF label, identifying the exact product release of hiT7300 and the used TransNet
release for network planning, as well as some administrative data (e.g. planning
date)

• NE (sub-)type and NE name of the target NE

• NE shelf data, identifying the number of used shelves, shelf IDs, and transmission
line directions served by each shelf

• NE slot assignment, identifying the required card type for each slot of each shelf

• Card operational parameters, determining the specific operational parameters of

each card (e.g. amplifier output power, pump power, transponder wavelengths)

• Optical channel parameters, determining the add/drop, express channels, or

unused channels for each DWDM line and the respective optical channel power
vector, setting of initial attenuation values of VOAs

• Internal Port Connections, identifying all the optical interconnections of optical

ports from all cards in all shelves; these correspond to the cabling reports which
are also delivered by TransNet for installation and commissioning of NEs, which is
already performed by pre-configuration department within the factory

• Optical Channel Cross-Connections, determining the required add/drop or

express (pass-through) channels between DWDM lines and transponder line
interfaces; for remotely configurable switching nodes (ROADM, PXC) the
respective optical switching matrix is automatically configured corresponding to the
optical cross-connections

• Customer specific parameter settings, as default settings for alarm severity

profile, are supported as separate downloadable file packages in future release.

Each NCF is downloaded and persistently stored in each NE of the DWDM network.

The complete process starting with network planning using TransNet, generation of
generation of commissioning reports and NCFs, and finalizing with downloading the
NCFs to the NEs of the networks is highly automated to avoid commissioning errors
and allow fast network commissioning and later upgrades. A single file approach
combined with automatic distribution and swap functionalities allows for efficient and

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fast utilization of NCFs. A typical workflow for first build or link upgrades is described in
the following (see also Figure 9-5).

TransNet TNMS / @CT

Step 1:
ZIP Archieve
Network planning with
TransNet

ZIP Archieve
Step 2: Step 4:
Install HW according to LOM / Automated network-wide distribution of
commissioning reports NCFs from GNE to NEs

Step 3: Step 5:
Download ZIP archive Automated network-wide swap
and store it in GNE(s) to new NE configuration

GNE
NCF
NCF

NCF
NCF NCF

Figure 9-5: TransNet Planning Functions and Data

• Step 1: Network planning with TransNet planning tool

The network topology and traffic matrix is entered by the user once. TransNet
performs traffic routing and equipment cost minimization with best in class
optimization algorithms. Besides list of material (LOM), cable plan, shelf view, and
commissioning report, Transnet generates one single ZIP-archive including all NCF
files and also including the actual project planning file (.SPT file). Transfer ZIP-
archive to TNMS server or craft terminal (@CT) for future download.

• Step 2: Install HW

Install the new HW according to LOM, commissioning report, and cable plan. No
need to care about laser wavelength, card operational parameters, etc. No need for
a laptop or any system know-how on site.

• Step 3: Download configuration files to network with single command

Download and store the ZIP archive to the Gateway NE of your choice. This can be
done e.g. via TNMS. The planning file will also be automatically stored in the
gateway NE. With R4.2, downloading of ZIP archive and planning files will be
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supported for two different gateway NEs with mutual synchronization in case of
updates.

• Step 4: Distribute configuration files within the network with single command

Initiate the automatic network-wide NCF distribution. This can be done via
command from TNMS, no specific NE addresses or names have to be typed in for
distribution of the NCFs; alternatively NCF distribution can be also performed per
individual NE via TNMS or @CT, either remotely or locally. The distribution of new
NCFs does not yet change the active NCFs of the working NEs.

• Step 5: Swap to new network configuration with single command

Initiate the automatic network-wide NCF swap. This can be done via command
from TNMS and leads to activation of the previously distributed NCFs within the
NEs. Wrong NCF files (e.g. mismatch of NE name) will be rejected by the NEs. The
network is now switched to the new configuration. Alternatively, the NCF swap can
optionally also be performed per individual NE via TNMS or @CT, either remotely
or locally.

• Step 6: Configure services

Configure remaining customer specific parameters (as transponder client interface

types) or settings that are excluded from automatic NCF configuration. These
configurations can be done via TNMS or @CT, either remotely or locally.

• Step 7: TNMS gets updated network status automatically

TNMS gets updates on actual NE port connections and NE cross-connections (due

to new active NCFs within the NEs), and any new configured services from all NEs
automatically without any user interaction required.

As the ZIP archive is handled as an entity, the NCF files will always be synchronized
with the corresponding TransNet planning file which can be uploaded from the
respective gateway NE for additional changes in the network later at any time. The
latest planning status is always stored and available in the network itself.

The Nokia Siemens Networks local sales used TransNet for designing of complete
hiT 7300 networks as well as network and channel upgrades for customers, resulting in
generation of LOM files, commissioning files, and NCF files to be used by Nokia
Siemens Networks factory for ordering, pre-installation and pre-configuration of
complete NEs within shelves and racks, such that local installation effort is reduced to
plugging the optical fibers and connecting the client traffic interfaces.

Also the customer can use TransNet with specific licenses for planning of optical
channel and link upgrades, information for ordering (LOM file) and commissioning
reports have then to be transferred to the respective local sales responsible for
managing the order process.

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9.6 Released service provisioning

There are two different approaches for provisioning services in a network. Focus is
always a simplified configuration of new optical links or channels by a minimal user
interaction.

If service provisioning is not released, then the services are configured as described in
the previous chapter on NCF based configuration. As described there, a NCF file is
created from the TransNet planned network and then downloaded to the GNE. From
there it is distributed to all NEs and swapped to represent the new NE configuration.

For the released service provisioning which becomes available in 4.30 for Metro/Regio
and LH, the concept is changed so that the NCF is only deployed for the core
equipment. The user then manually does the remaining configuration on the LCT

 creating the applicable cards like transponders and filters on any free slot as
indicated on the GUI

 entering cross connections

 entering port connections

 provisioning of the parameters for the newly created cards

 manual triggering of ‘power adjust’ to inform the system

In summary, the workflow of the planning process and manual service provisioning is
illustrated in the following figure. The network is planned centrally by NSN based on
the customer input. The network is then ordered and installed based on the planning
files. The released service provisioning is then carried out, whenever a new demand to
the network is requested. The advantage is evident. The stepwise upgrade of the
network with new channels can be handled locally by the customer without involving
the central planning and there is no need for creating a new full set of NCF files. The
equipment related to the new services is ordered and installed and then configured
manually via the terminal. For such tasks, only channel upgrades or traffic
management needs to be considered in the planning tool and no link planning is
necessary. This link planning is only invoked whenever there is a request for network
extensions where the topology is changed and a new NCF becomes necessary.

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planning tool
new
network
design
NSN
transfer request order, transfer
files.v1 new install, files.v2
demand turn-up
Customer
request order, request order,
new install, Network install,
network turn-up extension turn-up
manage file manage file
Customer Procurement
Office

Completely managed manually by

customer
Figure 10-1: workflow of network planning including released service
provisioning

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10. List of Standards

Nokia Siemens Networks has a long tradition of participating in European and

International Standards Bodies activities, and is committed to applying all relevant and
appropriate standards as soon as possible into the Nokia Siemens Networks product
development, along with those standards already existing.

In the area of the Optical Transport Network, the ITU is currently the leading body,
fulfilling both ETSI and T1 requirements, where Nokia Siemens Networks is highly
active. Nokia Siemens Networks is actively involved with the work of the relevant
standard bodies ITU, OIF, IETF and TMF.

An incomplete list of tables detailing Standards compliancy of hiT 7300 is given below,
see also Appendix A for detailed references to standards for traffic interfaces and
physical conditions.

10.1 Optical Networking Standards

Subject Standard Description

Optical Fibre ITU-T G.652 Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre cable

Optical Fibre ITU-T G.653 Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre

cable

Optical Fibre ITU-T G.655 Characteristics of a non-zero-dispersion shifted single-mode optical

fibre cable

Optical Fibre ITU-T G.656 Characteristics of a fibre and cable with non-zero dispersion for
wideband optical transport

Optical ITU-T G.671 This Recommendation covers the transmission related aspects of
components and all types of optical components used in long haul networks and
subsystems access networks

Nominal Central ITU-T G.694.1 Spectral grids for WDM applications: DWDM frequency grid
Frequencies for
DWDM spacing

Nominal Central ITU-T G.694.2 Spectral grids for WDM applications: CWDM frequency grid
Frequencies for
CWDM spacing

SDH Network ITU-T G.707 Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
Node interface

OTH Network ITU-T G.709 Network Node Interface for the Optical Transport Network (OTN).
Node Interfaces (OTU interfaces)

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Subject Standard Description

SDH Hierarchy ITU-T G.783 Characteristics of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Equipment
Functional Blocks Functional Blocks

OTN Hierarchy ITU-T G.798 Characteristics of Optical Transport Network Hierarchy Equipment
Functional Blocks Functional Blocks.

Transport ITU-T G.806 Characteristics of transport equipment – Description methodology

Equipment and generic functionality
General Aspects

SDH Error ITU-T G.829 Error performance events for SDH multiplex and regenerator
Performance sections

Optical ITU-T G.872 Architecture of Optical Transport Networks (OTN).

Architecture

Linear Protection ITU-T G.873.1 Optical Transport Network (OTN): Linear protection

Optical Transport ITU-T G.959.1 Optical parameter values for pre-OTN single channel and
Network Physical multichannel inter-domain interfaces, and provides a framework for
Layer Interfaces OTN physical interfaces.

Common ITU-T G.7710 Common Equipment Management Function Requirements

Equipment
Management

OTH Error ITU-T G.8201 Error performance parameters and objectives for multi-operator
Performance international paths within the Optical Transport Network (OTN)

Jitter and ITU-T G.8251 The control of jitter and wander within the optical transport network
Wander (OTN)

SONET GR-253-CORE Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Transport Systems:

Common Generic Criteria

Equipment Telcordia GR 383- Common Language Equipment Identification (CLEI)

Identifiers CORE
Safety of Laser Products, Part 2: Safety of optical fibre
Laser Safety IEC60825-
communication systems (OFCS)
2:2004+A1:2006

10.2 Ethernet Standards

Subject Standard Description

Ethernet (10Mb/s IEEE 802.3 Part 3: Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection
up to 1000Mb/s) (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specifications

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10 Gigabit IEEE 802.3ae Part3 : Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
Ethernet (CSMA/CD)

Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications

Amendment : Media Access Control (MAC) Parameters, Physical

Layers, and Management Parameters for 10Gb/s Operation
(08/2002)

10.3 Environmental Standards

Subject Standard Description

Storage ETS 300 019-1-1 Class 1.2 Weather protected not temperature-controlled storage
locations.

Transportation ETS 300 019-1-2 Class 2.3 Public transportation, no special precautions are
required.

Stationary ETS 300 019-1-3 Class 3.1E Partly temperature controlled locations.
operation at
weather
protected
locations

Environmental Telcordia GR-63-CORE Framework criteria and environmental criteria

Environmental Telcordia SR 3580 NEBS Level 3 Collection of standards

Waste Electrical and Electronic

Equipment (WEEE)

Restriction of the Use of Certain

Hazardous Substances (RoHS)

FDA FDA radiation performance

standards 21 CFR 1040.10

10.4 Electromagnetic Standards

Electromagnetic Standards – Enclosure ports

Subject Standard Description

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CE (EMC) EN 300 386 Telecommunication network equipment; EMC- Test

Requirement requirements;

Electrostatic discharge

Radio frequency electromagnetic field amplitude

modulated

Radiated electromagnetic field at 10m

CE (Safety) EN 60950, Over voltage Req. (CE) Product safety of ITE, including electrical business
Requirement equipment, CE CONFORMITY, Low-Voltage-Directive,
Over voltage only

Telcordia Telcordia GR1089-CORE electromagnetic compatibility and electrical safety

10.5 Mechanical Standards

Mechanical Standards

Subject Standard Description

Racks ETS 300 119-2 Engineering requirements for racks and cabinets.

Shelves ETS 300 119-4 Engineering requirements for shelves in miscellaneous

racks and cabinets.

Shelves Telcordia GR 78-CORE Generic physical design requirements

Racks/Shelves Telcordia GR-1275 Central Office Installation

Racks/Shelves Telcordia GR-3028 Thermal Management, Central Office

Racks/Shelves Telcordia GR-1275 Central Office Installation

11. Technical Characteristics – System Level

See Appendix A.

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12. References
[1] Nokia Siemens Networks Whitepaper “Optical Transport Hierarchy – End-to-
End Transmission Format for Optical Networks”

[2] Stratalight Technical Description for OTS-4000 Sub-System

[3] hiT 7300 Technical Description, Appendix A: Technical Data – System Level

[4] hiT 7300 Technical Description, Appendix B: Long Span Termination Node

[5] hiT 7300 Technical Description, Appendix C: Passive C/DWDM Extensions

[6] Nokia Siemens Networks TNMS Technical Description

13. Appendices

Appendix A hiT 7300 Technical Data – System Level

Appendix B hiT 7300 Long Span Termination Node

Appendix C hiT 7300 Passive C/DWDM Extensions

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14. Glossary

3R Reamplified, Reshaped and Retimed

AIS Alarm Indication Signal
ANSI American National Standards Institute
APCD Automatic Port Connection Detection
APSD Automatic Power Shut Down
ASE Amplified Spontaneous Emission
ASON Automatically Switched Optical Network
AWG Arrayed Waveguide Grating
BOL Begin Of Life (referring to 1st step of deployment)
CAPEX Capital EXpenditure
DCF Dispersion Compensating Fiber
DCN Data Communication Network
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DPSK Differential Phase-Shift Keying
DSF Dispersion Shifted Fiber
DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier
EOL End Of Life (referring to last step of deployment)
EOW Engineering Order Wire
ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute
FTP File Transfer Protocol
FPS Flatpack shelf
GF Gateway Function
GNE Gateway Network Element
IP Internet Protocol
IaDI Intra Domain Interface
IrDI Inter Domain Interface
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union
IP Internet Protocol
MCF Management Communication Function
MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
MIB Management Information Base module
MLSE Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation
MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching
MSP Multiplex Section Protection
NCF Network Element Configuration File
NCT/LCT Network Craft Terminal / Local Craft Terminal
NE Network Element
NMS Network Management System
NTP Network Timing Protocol
NZDSF Non Zero Dispersion Shifted Fiber
OADM Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

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OCh Optical Channel

OchP Optical Channel Protection
ODU Optical Data Unit
OLR Optical Line Repeater
ONN Optical Network Node
OMS Optical Multiplex Section
OPEX Operational Expenditure
OPU Optical Payload Unit
OSA Optical Spectrum Analyzer
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
OSC Optical Supervisory Channel
OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio
OSPF Open Shortest Path First
OTN Optical Transport Network
OTS Optical Transport Section
outOTU-1 Optical Transport Unit Levout1
OTU-2V Optical Transport Unit Level 2 (10G, vendor
specific)
PDL Polarization Dependent Loss
PLC Planar Lightwave Circuit
PLC-WSS Planar Lightwave Circuit based Wavelength
Selective Switch
PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PXC Photonic Cross-Connect
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer
RPUMP Raman pump
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SFP Small Form Pluggable
SNCP Sub Network Connection Protection
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
Super-FEC Super Forward Error Correction acc. G.975.1
SRS Stimulated Raman Scattering
SRS Single row shelf
SSMF Standard Single-Mode Fiber
STM Synchronous Transport Module
TNMS Telecommunication Network Management System
VOA Variable Optical Attenuator
WB Wavelength Blocker
WSS Wavelength Selective Switch
XFP 10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable
@CT Web based Local Craft Terminal

Copyright 2009 Nokia Siemens Networks. All rights reserved.