ASSIGNMENT : 1
Discuss different problems of Adolescents and strategies for
coping up with these problems.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines adolescents as those people
between 10 and 19 years of age. The great majority of adolescents are, therefore,
included in the age-based definition of “child”, adopted by the Convention on the
Rights of the Child, as a person under the age of 18 years.
But this defination is not always true because it is about humans and humans can
not be expected to follow such clear cut bondaries as there are people who
mature fast and there are who takes time it depends very much on environmental
factors for example in US after turning 18 most people leave their parents home
and start to fend for themselves but the same is not true for the people of
india .Hence it also depends on the culture of a particular place.
G. Stanly Hall an american psychologist - depicted the adolescent as oscillating
between activity and lethargy, exuberance and
apathy, euphoria and despondency, vanity and abasement, brashness and
bashfulness, childish selfishness and idealistic altruism, longing for authority and
rebellion against authority.
Hence from the above statement we can say that adolescence is phase where a
person experiences a lot of different emotions and moods and have a sense of
uncertainity all the time.
. Adolescence can be broken into three stages: early adolescence, middle adolescence, and late
adolescence. Each stage has its own characteristics. Let's take a look at each stage in more detail
below.
Early Adolescence (Ages 10 to 13) - The first stage is early adolescence, which lasts
from 10 to 14 years. During this time, puberty normally begins. People in this
stage, become conscious of their fast changing bodies and begin to be concerned
about their appearance. Shyness, blushing, humility, and a higher desire for privacy
are all possibilities.
Early teenagers may believe they are unstoppable and begin to participate in
harmful habits such as smoking and drinking. Sexual curiosity is also prevalent
during this time, which is often shown through admiration for celebrities, teen
idols, and musicians. Friendships with close friends take precedence over familial
bonds.
Middle Adolescence (Ages 14 to 17) - During middle adolescence, physical
changes from puberty continue. Many teenagers become interested in romantic
and sexual relationships at this age. As they strive for more independence, many
middle adolescents have more disagreements with their parents. In this period,
the brain continues to evolve and mature, but there are still numerous
distinctions between how a normal middle adolescent thinks and how an adult
thinks.
Adolescents in their late years (18-21... and beyond!)
Late adolescents have reached full adult height and have completed their physical
development. By this time, they should have more impulse control and be able to
accurately assess risks and rewards. Teenagers approaching early adulthood have
a deeper sense of self-identity and are able to identify their own ideals. They may
become more future-oriented, making judgments based on their ambitions and
beliefs. Friendships and romantic relationships become more stable as a result of
these changes. They grow emotionally and physically estranged from their loved
ones. Many people, on the other hand, restore a "adult" relationship with their
parents, viewing them as a peer with whom they may seek advice and discuss
mature issues rather than an authority figure.
Since adolescence is a period of transition and uncertainity reason being the rapid
physical development, emotion changes hormonal changes ,changing idea about
the world,keeping up with the expections of society and need to establish their
own identity etc., all this at once becomes very confusing and uncomfortable
which makes them vulnerable to several problems such as-
Physical problems-
Development of full breasts in girls can be awkward in the beginning. Girls may
start to feel conscious about their figure.
Change of voice and appearance of facial hair in boys is perhaps the most
prominent change that takes place during adolescence.
Acne is one of the major problems.
Girls start their periods.
Acne is extremely common and should be addressed to minimize its impact on
self-esteem.
Sexually transmitted diseases
Hormonal disorders (especially thyroid disorders)
Urinary tract infections
Problems with menstruation
Nutritional deficiency/health problems
Iron deficiency/anaemia
Increased iron demand
Loss of iron due to menstruation
Due to aneamia resistance to infection decreasesalso effect productivityand
cognitive development
Balanced diet proper knowledge about nutriotion
Malnutrition
Fast food culture
Dietary experiments without properknowledge life keto, dieting., proteins for
bodybuildingvit d deficiency sunscreen less sun exposure
Stunting
Poor bone mass
Obesity- can cause bp, diabetes pcos in girls lower self esteem coronary artery
disease screen time
Early pregnancy and child birth
Male nutrition
Unsafe abortions
Septicemia
Unmarried taboo social unacceptance mental burdenhealth of child at risk as well
School dropout
Eating disorders,
such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, most commonly
develop during adolescence and are more common among girls. Many
unhealthy behaviors that start during adolescence, such as consuming
a poor diet (see Obesity in Adolescents), smoking, substance use,
and violence, can lead to immediate health problems, long-term
disorders, or poor health later in life.
psychotherepy
sexual reproductive health related problems
hiv and std
menstruation related problems
early pregnancy and child birth
Many adolescents do not routinely use effective methods of contraception, and
some of them become pregnant.
Injuries and accidents
Motor vehicle crashes and other unintentional injuries
Injuries resulting from interpersonal violence
peer association –sometimes in streets gangs-In
combination with the stresses and rebelliousness natural to
adolescence, contributed to rise of juvenile
delinquency; in this conception, adolescence made every girl and a
boy a potential delinquent.
Mental health problems,
such as mood disorders , anxiety disorders , and thought disorders (such as schizophrenia )
as well as psychosocial disorders , may develop or first become apparent during
adolescence. Suicide is a major cause of death for this age group
authoritarian-style parenting – i s again a problem for
adolecents
problems related to cognitive sphere of life
emotional problems
Agitation
Gaining or losing weight
Trouble with school work, including a drop in grades
Signs of depression, such as persistent sadness/irritability
Lack of motivation or losing interest in people or activities
Sleeping too much or too little
Low energy
Destructive behaviors
Substance abuse
Expressing thoughts of hopelessness or not wanting to live
Significant loss of interest in most activities
Feeling of worthlessness
Impairment in relationships with friends and family
Sleep disturbance
Suicidal thoughts
Anxiety
Insecurity
Social problems
Bullying
Depression
Sexual activity
Drug abuse
Acedemic problems
Peer pressure
Youth culture
Social media
Unrealist goals
Explicit content
Social competence>cognitive competence
Moral dillemas
authoritarian-style parenting – i s again a problem for adolecents
